引言：英语中语气、语态的变化都是通过动词变形实现的，所以掌握动词的变形举足轻重。切记：要把示意动词充当谓语和非谓语动词要分开，非谓语顾名思义
已经不是谓语动词了，所以它的用法和变形与动词时态是不一样的！
非谓语动词（to do, doing ,done ）句中充当得成分以及变形（务必牢记）：
下面我们分门别类的讨论不同结构及用法：
动名词（doing ）作主语
1) Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
改错：Play Taiji benefits our health.
Playing Taiji benefits our health.
（动词原形不能直接作主语，做主语要把动词名词化，变成doing 或to do ）
2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词
+doing sth.
It is no use crying.哭没有用。 It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 It is a great fun playing football ．打篮球很有趣。
It is a waste of time trying to explain ．设法解释是浪费时间。
3)It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth．
It is useless speaking.光说没用。
It is nice seeing you again．真高兴又遇到了你。
It is good playing chess after supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好。
It is expensive running this car．开这种小车是浪费。
动词不定式（to do）作主语（具体的/个别的或将来的动作，多用不定式作
主语）
To read this book is very interesting.
To be a teacher is his dream.
动名词作宾语
1）只能跟动名词作宾语的动词有：
Suggest, finish, avoid, can’t help(禁不住)，mind, enjoy, require, practice, miss, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, keep, leave off, put off, keep on, give up + doing
eg. He tries to avoid making mistakes.
The man missed being chose by that world-famous company.
2）begin, start, like, love, hate, propose, prefer, dislike, continue, want, need, stop, forget, remember, regret, try, delay, go on
doing (正在做的)（like, dislike, love + doing一般性的爱好）
（go on, stop, continue + doing一件事情）
+
to do （去做）（like, dislike, love + to do某次具体的动作）
（go on, stop, continue + to do两件事情）
做过mean doing 意味着try doing尝试着做
remember to do 去做mean to do 打算做try to do 试图做
forget doing忘记做过regret doing 后悔做…
forget to do忘记去做regret to do后悔去做…
3）want, need, require表示“需要…”
want
物+ need + doing (=to be done)
require
His clothes needed mending (to be mended).
These young trees will require looking after.
动词不定式作宾语
Wish, hope, agree, ask, promise, decide, expect, manage, offer, pretend, plan, refuse, care, fail, afford, determine等+ to do.
Did you agree to go to the park yesterday afternoon?
Everybody wishes to have good health.
动名词(现在分词)作表语
1)M y job is teaching.
His hobby is believing.
Our work is serving the people. （表示抽象的、一般的动作）
2)现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质特征，译为“令人…”，常见的词有moving,
amusing, astonishing, frightening, relaxing, shocking, worrying等。
eg. The news she brought us was very exciting.
动词不定式作表语
eg. Our work is to serve the people. (表示具体的、将来的某次动作) His dream is to travel across the wild island in the world.
动名词（doing）（a walking stick, boilin g water, a falling leaf, a
sleeping baby）---主动，进行前置定语过去分词（done）（a fallen leaf, a broken watch, boiled water, a
finished task）--- 被动，完成
动词不定式(to do)–（I have many letters to write. (to write many letters)
We have made a plan to learn from Lei
Feng.
That's the way to do it.）---目的，将来
动名词（doing）the children playing the park
(the children who are playing the park)
后置定语
（本质上是省略了引导词过去分词（done）a book written in 17 C
和系动词的定语从句）(a book which is written in 17 C)
动词不定式(to do) a building to be built next month
(a building which is to be built next month)
第一类：两动作由同一主语发出，把前面动作处理成分词引导状语从句。
现在分词doing 表示时间，原因，让步等状语。-----与主语是主动进行。
1.Being sick, he didn’t go to work. （原因状语）
2.Having no money, I borrowed some from Johan. （原因状语）
3.The Iraq War went on for months, killing a lot of ordinary people. （结果状语）
4.Seeing from the top of tower, I saw a beautiful city of Paris. （时间状语）
5.Walking along the bank, I met a friend. （时间状语）
6.They came into the classroom, singing and laughing.（伴随状语）
过去分词done 表示时间，让步等状语。---与主语是被动完成(过去)。
1.Given another chance, I’m sure I will be successful.
2.Seen from the top of the tower, Paris looks really beautiful.
3.Followed by a dog, the old man often takes a walk in the park.
动词不定式to do表示目的，将来状语作状语。---与主语是目的将来。
1.To finish the job on time, I have to hurry my steps.
2.To reach the airport to see my sister off, I have to take a lift.
第二类：前后句意不是同一个逻辑主语时，把前面表示时间、问题、天气、事物的名词或代词后的动词处理成分词引导状语从句：分词的独立主格结构。
1.The problem solved, he went back home. (问题被解决)
2.Time permitting, we will go outing this weekend. （时间允许）
3.The report having been read, a lively discussion began. （报告被读完）
1）doing作宾补和前面的宾语其实形成逻辑上的主谓关系。
I found a bag l ying on the ground.
The boss kept the workers working the whole night.
4)用doing形式作宾补的动词有：
a.感官动词：see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to, 等。
I see him stealing money from the women.
Can you smell anything burning?
注意：感官动词+动作正在进行
（原形）动作完成
we heard the telephone
we heard the telephone ringing.
b.使役性动词：have, set, keep, get, catch, leave, let, make
I won’t have you d oing that.我不能容忍你那么做。
I’m sorry to have keep you waiting.
1）“动词+宾语+（not）to do…”，这类动词有：
，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn 等。
2）“动词+宾语+to be…”，这类动词有：
consider，declare，discover，feel，find，suppose等。
I know him to be a liar. I suppose him to be away from home.
3）“动词+宾语+do…”, 这类动词有：
observe，see，watch等。还有两个词组：listen to，look at.
例如：
She won't let me do it.
I heard her lock the door.
We watched the children play games.
A child was seen to enter the building.
She was often heard to sing this song.
3）help后的不定式可加to，也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多)，但被动结构中要加to。
例如：I'll help you(to) push the cart.
被动语态为：You'll be helped to push the cart.
4）“动词+介词短语+to do”
I depend on you to do it.
I am counting on you to help me through.
此类动词还有：shout to sb.to do，call on sb. to do，count on sb. to do，depend on sb. to do，wait for sb. to do等。
练习：
1.They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood. (1988全国)
A. grow
B. grew
C. was growing
D.to grow
2.The teacher asked us ___ so much noise. (2003北京)
A. don't make
B. not make
C. not making
D. no t to make
3.My advisor encouraged ___ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (2004北京)
A. for me taking
B.me taking
C. for me to take
D.me to take
4.The flu is believed ___ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (2004上海)
A. causing
B. being caused
C.to be caused
D.to have caused
5. -Is Bob still performing？
-I'm afraid not. He is said ___ the stage already as he has become an official. (2005江苏)
A.to have left
B.to leave
C.to have been left
D.to be left
6.The mother felt herself ___ cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (2006上海)
A. grow
B. grown
C.to grow
D.to have grown
7.Energy drinks are not allowed ___ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (2006上海)
A.to make
B.to be made
C.to have been made
D.to be making
（1）表示感觉和心理状态_感官_动词，
A. I find my money stolen.
B. He watched the balloon blown away.
C. He was about to enter the hall when he heard his name called.
4. I saw him __________ the window.
I saw the window ___________.
A. open
B. opening
C. opened
(2)表示_“致使”意义的使役性动词，
过去分词用在“______ +宾语＋宾补”，这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系
练习：She can’t see the words on the blackboard, so she needs to have her eyes
_____________(examine)
My brother had that door _________ (paint) last week.
I was wondering why they kept the door ________ (lock) for such a long time.
Helen had to shout to make herself__________ (hear) above the sound of the music.
（3）with的复合结构：with+宾语＋宾补
All afternoon he worked with the door locked.
B. The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
练习：John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_____________ (finish), he gladly accepted it.
With the task____________(finish), we had a happy weekend. 在这里，我们复习一下with复合结构：
感官动词和使役动词 默认分类2010-05-28 23:14:26 阅读46 评论0 字号：大中小订阅 使役动词，比如let make have就是3个比较重要的 have sb to do 没有这个用法的 只有have sb doing.听凭某人做某事 have sb do 让某人做某事 have sth done 让某事被完成（就是让别人做） 另外： 使役动词 1.使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词,主要有make(使,令), let(让), help(帮助), have(叫)等。 2.使役动词后接受词,再接原形不定词作受词补语。 He made me laugh. 他使我发笑。 I let him go. 我让他走开。 I helped him repair the car. 我帮他修理汽车。 Please have him come here. 请叫他到这里来。 3.使役动词还可以接过去分词作受词补语。 I have my hair cut every month. 我每个月理发。 4.使役动词的被动语态的受词补语用不定词,不用原形不定词。 (主)He made me laugh. 他使我笑了。 (被)I was made to laugh by him. 我被他逗笑了。 使役动词有以下用法： a. have somebody do sth让某人去做某事 ??i had him arrange for a car. b. have somebody doing sth.让某人持续做某事。 ??he had us laughing all through lunch. 注意：用于否定名时，表示“允许” i won't have you running around in the house. 我不允许你在家里到处乱跑。 ******** 小议“使役动词”的用法 1. have sb do 让某人干某事 e.g:What would you have me do? have sb/sth doing 让某人或某事处于某种状态，听任 e.g: I won't have women working in our company. The two cheats had the light burning all night long. have sth done 让别人干某事，遭受到 e.g:you 'd better have your teeth pulled out. He had his pocket picked. notes: "done"这个动作不是主语发出来的。 2.make sb do sth 让某人干某事 e.g:They made me repeat the story. What makes the grass grow?
1 动名词的用法 动名词可以起名词的作用，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。动名词仍保留动词的 一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成动名词短语。动名词的否定形式是在前面加上not, never等否定词。 （一）做主语和表语。动名词短语用and连起来做主语时，谓语用复数形式。例如：Fishing in this lake is forbidden. 这个湖里禁止钓鱼。 Going abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different things. 出国访问和在国外定居是两件不同的事情。 It seems that reading English is easier than speaking it.似乎读英语比说英语容易。 My favorite hobby is fishing/collecting stamps . 我最喜欢的爱好是钓鱼/集邮。 在It’s no use; It’s (no) good; It’s useless ; It’s (not) wise; It’s (not) worthwhile; It’s of great (no, little) importance 等习惯表达中，It为形式主语，而将做主语的动名词短语 放在后面。例如： It’s no use /good ringing her up now. 现在给她打电话没用了。 Is it worthwhile bargaining two hours for two cents? 为两分钱讲价两小时值得吗？ It’s wise trying again. 再试一次是明智的。 It is of great importance fighting against pollution. 制止污染有重要意义。 It is no use operating on the sick man. He should have been sent here early. 给这个病人做手术已经没用了。本应该早些把他送来。 It is no good smoking; you’d better give it up.吸烟没好处，你最好戒掉。 （二）动名词短语作宾语。常用的能接动名词的动词有：admit承认，appreciate 感激，avoid 避免，advise 建议，can’t help 不禁，celebrate 庆祝，consider 考虑，complete 完成，contemplate沉思、打算，defer推迟，delay 延期，deny 否认，detest 痛恨，discontinue 停止，dislike不喜欢，dispute不同意，endure 忍耐，enjoy 喜欢，escape逃脱，excuse 原谅，fancy想象，feel like 想要，finish结束，严禁，forgive 原谅，hinder 阻碍，imagine 想象，keep 保持，mention 提到，mind 在意，miss 错过，pardon 饶恕、原谅，permit 允许，postpone 推迟，practise 实践、练习，prevent 阻止，recall 回忆，report报告，resent 怨恨，resist抵制、阻止，risk冒险，stop 停止，suggest 建议，understand 明白、理解，等等。 例如： He avoided giving me a definite answer. 他避免给我一个正确答案。 David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt. 戴维建议卖掉你的狗和车 抵债。 （我们把这句话改为虚拟语气：David suggested that you (should) sell your dog and car to pay the debt. ） I couldn’t risk missing that train. 我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。
初中英语语法知识汇编 常用动词（词组）用法区别许多动词或动词词组的意义相同或相近，但用法却往往不同。要弄清其意义和区别，需考虑词语自身的用法、词与词的关联和限制以及句子结构对词语使用时的限制等多方面因素进行考虑。初中英语中常用动词（短语）的区别主要应考虑以下几个方面： 1. 及物和不及物的区别 2. 动作和状态的区别以及瞬间和延续的区别 3. 感官动词的有意识和无意识的区别 4. 过程和结果的区别 5. 词与词的搭配和限制 6. 句子结构对词语使用时的限制 词语辨析 1、see; look; watch; read 几个“看”的区别：主要考虑有意识和无意识的区别以及所“看”事物的不同 see：无意识感官动词（非目的性动作），及物动词（其后必须带上宾语句子意义才完整），说明“看”的能力，用于一般现在时，常同情态动词连用。 e.g We can see a map of China on the back wall of our classroom. I saw Mr. Black when I was walking on the street yesterday. look：有意识感官动词（带有目的性的动作），不及物动词（不需带宾语句子意义已完整），带宾语时，需加介词at，用于表示“看着”一个相对静止的事物。 e.g Please look at the blackboard carefully. He looked around but saw nothing. watch：有意识感官动词，及物动词，用于表示“观看”一个运动着的事物。 e.g I’m going to watch a football match tomorrow afterno on. He stayed at home and watched TV last Sunday. read：有意识感官动词，及物或不及物动词，用于表示“读”文字类的事物。 e.g Look! The students are reading English in the classroom. The teacher asked the boy to read in the classroom. 2、speak; say; tell; talk 几个“说”的区别：在选用几个“说”时，首先看其后是否直接带表人的词语作宾语，如是，使用tell；再看其后是否直接带语言名词作宾语，如是，用speak；然后看其是否同介词with、to、about搭配构成介词词组，如是，则用talk（注：如同介词to连用，其后带表人的词，同时带有直接引语时，有say）；非上述情况，都用say。 speak：表示“说话”的能力，不及物动词，但可带语言类名词作宾语。 e.g Listen! The little baby can speak now.
感官动词用法 Prepared on 22 November 2020
“感官”动词用法小结 我们学过了五个与人的感觉有关的动词，它们是look，sound，smel l，taste，feel，我们可称之为“感官”动词。它们的用法有着许多相同点，但也有不同之处，现就此作一小结。 一、这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为“看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……”。除look 之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。例如：These flowers smell very sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。 The tomatoes feel very soft. 这些西红柿摸起来很软。 The music sounds beautiful. 二、这些动词后面也可接介词like短语，like后面常用名词。例如： Her idea sounds like fun. 她的主意听起来很有趣。 He looks like his father. 三、这五个感官动词也可作实义动词，除look（当“看起来……”讲时）只能作不及物动词外，其余四个既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，其主语通常是人。例如：
She smelt the meat. 她闻了闻那块肉。 I felt in my pocket for cigarettes. 我用手在口袋里摸香烟。 He tasted the soup and added some salt. Miss Wang asked us to look at the blackboard. 四、taste，smell作不及物动词时，可用于“taste / smell + of + 名词”结构，意为“有……味道 / 气味”。例如： The air in the room smells of earth. 房间里的空气有股泥土味。 The bread taste of sugar. 五、它们（sound除外）可以直接作名词，与have或take构成短语。例如： May I have a taste of the mooncakes 我可以尝一口这月饼吗 May I have a look at your photo 六、其中look，sound，feel还能构成“look / sound / feel + as if +从句”结构，意为“看起来/听起来/ 感觉好像……”。例如： It looks as if our class is going to win. 看来好像我们班要获胜了 It sounds as if the rain is very heavy.
初中英语动词用法 A act v. 表演，演戏 act as sb./ sth. 充任某角色，担任某工作 I don’t understand English, so you have to act as my interpreter(翻译)。 其他用法：act for 代表某人，代理某人的职位 During her illness, her lawyer has been acting for her in her business. 在她生病期间，她的律师一直代理她的业务。 add v. (1)加，增加，添加 add sth. to sth. 往...里添加... eg. If the tea is too strong, add some water to it. eg. He added his signature to the petition(请愿书)。 add A and B (together) 加eg. If you add 5 and 5, you get 10. add to sth. 增加某事物eg. The bad weather only add to our difficulties. 这种坏天气更增加了我们的困难。 (2) 补充；继续说eg. “I’ll come here later.’’ he added. add in 包括...在内eg. Don’t forget add me in. 别忘了把我算上。 add up 合计，加起来 add up to 总计达到 add fuel to the fire 火上浇油 afford v. 负担得起（...的费用，损失，后果），买得起；抽得出时间 （常与can, could, be able to 连用） afford sth. eg. I’d love to go on holiday but I can’t afford the time. eg. They walked because the can’t afford a taxi. afford to do sth. eg. They walked because they can’t afford to take a taxi. eg. I have to work hard because I can’t afford to loose my job. agree v. 同意，赞同 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见eg. I agree with you. agree on + 表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动的词eg. We agreed on the plan. agree to do sth. 同意做某事eg. We agreed to start early. agree that + 宾语从句eg. She agreed that I was right. 其他用法：agree with sb. (尤用于否定或疑问句) （对某人的健康或胃口）适合 I like mushrooms but unfortunately they don’t agree with me. 我喜欢吃蘑菇，可惜吃了以后难受。 The humid climate in the south didn’t agree with him. 他不适应南方潮湿的气候。 aim v. 瞄准，对准aim at 瞄准，针对 aim at the target 瞄准目标/ 靶子；aim at a success 志在成功 eg. My remarks were not aim at you. 我的话不是针对你。 allow v. 允许，准许 allow doing sth. eg. We don’t allow smoking in our house. 在我们家不允许抽烟。 allow sb. to do sth. eg. They allow her to go to the party. 他们允许她去参加晚会。 allow sb. in/ out/ up 允许某人进来/ 出去/ 起来 annoy v. 使恼怒，使生气 annoy sb. 使某人生气，使某人心烦eg. I was annoyed by his remarks. 他的言论激怒了我。
常用动词习惯用法 1.allow sb to do sth 允许某人去做某事（后接动词不定式） My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework. 2.asked sb (not) to do sth 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事） My father asked me to study hard. He asked me not to swim alone. be asked to do sth 被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事 I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday. 3.be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 She is afraid to ask me questions. 4.be afaid of doing sth 害怕做某事 I am afraid of going out at night. 5.be afaid of sth 害怕某物 He is afraid of snakes. 6.be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶 He was amazed to meet the girl there. be amazed at sth 对某事感到惊讶 they were amazed at the news. 7.be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事（常考） e.g: I was busy washing my car at that time. 那时候我正忙于清洗我的车子。 I am busy with my work. 8.be coming/going/leaving/fiying/moving/dying（某些位移动词用进行时态时表 将来） the bus is coming/the dog is dying. 9.be excited to do sth 对做……感到兴奋 Jacky was excited to travel there by plane. be excited at sth Lily was excited at his words. be excited about doing sth he was excited about passing the exam without going overing books. 10.be frightened to do sth 害怕去做某事 Sam is frightened to ride a horse. 11.be glad/happy to do sth 高兴去做某事 she is happy to clean the blackboard with me. be pleased to do sth高兴做某事 she was pleased to help the old man yesterday. be pleased with sth 对某事感到高兴/满意 the teacher was pleased with my answer. 12.be interested in sth/doing sth 对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣 she is interested in swimming in the river. My btother is interested in Chinese. 13. be/get ready for/to do sth Be ready for sth 为某事做好了准备 We are ready for the exam. Be ready to do sth 为做某事做好了准备 We are ready to have a birthday party for her. get ready for sth为某事在做准备 We are getting ready for the exam. get ready for sth 为做某事而做准备 13.be sorry to do sth 对做某事感到抱歉 14.be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇 be surprised at sth 对某事感到惊奇 15.be worth doing sth 值得做某事（worth 后接动词-ing形式，常考） 16.begin to do sth begin/start to do/doing sth 17.can/be able to afford (to buy) sth 有能力购买（供）…… 18.can/may/must do sth could/would/should/might do sth 19.can’t wait to do sth 迫不急待地去做某事 20.decide to do sth 决定去做某事 make up one’s mind to do sth 下决心去做某事（常考） make a decision to do sth 对做某事作出决定 21.deserve to do sth 值得/应该做…… 22.encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人去做某事 开始去做某事
感官动词 1.see, hear, listen to, watch, notice等词，后接宾语，再接省略to的动词不定式或ing形式。前者表全过程，后者表正在进行。句中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。 注释:省略to的动词不定式--to do是动词不定式，省略了to,剩下do，其形式和动词原形是一样的，但说法不同。 see sb do sth 看到某人做了某事 see sb doing sth 看到某人在做某事 hear sb do sth 听到某人做了某事 hear sb doing sth 听到某人在做某事 以此类推... I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. (我入睡时有人正敲门,强调当时正在敲门) I heard someone knock at the door three times. (听到有人敲门的全过程) I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school. (此处有频率词often) （了解）若以上词用于被动语态，须将省略的to还原： see sb do sth----sb be seen to do sth hear sb do sth----sb be seen to do sth 以此类推... We saw him go into the restaurant. → He was seen to go into the restaurant. I hear the boy cry every day. → The boy is heard to cry every day. 2.感官动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel可当系动词，后接形容词。 He looks angry. His explanation sounds reasonable. The cakes smell nice.
英语情态动词的用法大全及解析 一、初中英语情态动词 1．——Do you have any plans for this summer vacation? ——I'm not sure. I ___ take a trip to Taiwan. A. must B. need C. may D. should 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意:一今天暑假你有什么计划吗?一我还不确定。我可能去台湾去旅行。A.必须，一定;B.需要，必要;C.可能;D.应该。根据句中I'm not sure可知，说话人还没有确定的计划，所以这只是一个可能，应选C。 2．—How amazing this robot is! —Wow, it has video cameras in its eyes, so it “see” and interact with people. A. may B. can C. must D. should 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：—这个机器人多么惊人啊！—哇，在它的眼睛里有摄像机，因此它能看见和人打交道。A. may 可以，可能；表示许可，B. can 能；表示能力，C. must 必须；D. should应该；根据it has video cameras in its eyes,可知是有能力看见，故选B。 【点评】考查情态动词辨析。熟记情态动词的含义和用法。 3．—Life is becoming convenient with the Internet. —That's true! Almost everything ______ be done online. A. must B. could C. should D. can't 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——生活正随着网络变得方便。——那是真的。几乎所有的事情可以在网上完成。A必须，B可以，C将，D不能。根据 Life is becoming convenient with the Internet. 生活正随着网络变得方便，可知应该是很多事情可以在网上完成，故选B。 【点评】考查情态动词。注意理解和掌握情态动词的不同用法。 4．A hard-working man ______ become a great scientist, but a great scientist _______ be a hard-working man. A. can't; can B. may not; must C. can't; must D. may not; can 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：一个勤奋的人可能不会成为一位伟大的科学家，但是一位伟大的科学家一定是一个勤奋的人。can't不可能，不会；can可能，能，会；may not 可能不；must 必须，一定；结合句意，可知，第一个空为“可能不”，第二个空为“一定”，故答案为B。 【点评】考查情态动词。掌握情态动词表推测时的意义和用法。 5．Look at the sign! It says “No Smoking!” You ________ smoke here. It's dangerous.
1、keep ①keep + 形容词表示“保持” Please keep quite. 请保持安静。 ②keep + 宾语+ 形容词（或介词短语）表示“把……保持在某一状态” We must do everything we can to keep the air clean. 我们必须尽一切所能保持空气清洁。 ③keep sb doing sth 表示“让某人做某事” ——只能用现在分词作宾语补足语，不能用不定式。 He kept us waiting for two hours. 他让我们等了两个小时。 He kept us to wait for two hours. (错误) ④keep on doing sth和keep doing sth 表示“继续做某事，反复做某事”，可换用。 但keep on doing 更强调动作的反复性或做事人的决心。 He keeps on phoning me, but I don’t want to talk to him. Though he failed 3 times, he kept on trying. 他老是给我打电话，但我不想同他讲话。虽然他已失败了3次，但他仍继续干下去。 keep doing sth 经常用于静态动词。 He kept lying in bed all day long. 他整天都躺在床上。 ⑤keep …from doing sth 表示“阻止，使免于” He kept them from fishing in the lake. 他不让他们在那个湖里捕鱼。 2、may not / mustn’t / needn’t / wouldn’t ①may not be 是may be的否定式，意为“可能不是，也许不是” He may be there.他可能在那里。He may not be there.他可能不在那里。 ②must 意为“必须”，mustn’t 意为“千万不可，绝对不可” 所以Must we/I ……?的否定回答要用needn’t—意为“不必” -Must we get there before 11 o’clock？ -No, we needn’t. ③wouldn’t = would not 意为“不会，不愿” I wouldn’t say no. 3、do ①do表示“做”，做某事，常指某种不具体的活动；make表示“制作”，指做出某种具体的东西。
英语中感官动词的用法 一、感官动词 1、感官动词(及物动词)有：see/notice/look at/watch/observe/listen to/hear/feel(Vt)/taste(Vt)/smell(Vt) 2、连缀动词(含感官不及物动词) be/get/become/feel/look/sound/smell/taste/keep/stay/seem/ appear/grow/turn/prove/remain/go/run 二、具体用法： 1、see, hear, smell, taste, feel,这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为"看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……"。除look之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。 例如：These flowers smell very sweet.这些花闻起来很香。 The tomatoes feel very soft.这些西红柿摸起来很软。 2、这些动词后面也可接介词like短语，like后面常用名词。 例如：Her idea sounds like fun.她的主意听起来很有趣。 3、这五个感官动词也可作实义动词,除look(当"看起来……"讲时)只能作不及物动词外,其余四个既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词,此时作为实义动词讲时其主语一般为人。 例如:She smelt the meat.她闻了闻那块肉。 I felt in my pocket for cigarettes.我用手在口袋里摸香烟。 4、taste, smell作不及物动词时,可用于"t aste / smell + of +名词"结构,意为"有……味道/气味"。 例如:The air in the room smells of earth.房间里的空气有股泥土味。 5、它们(sound除外)可以直接作名词,与have或take构成短语。 例如：May I have a taste of the mooncakes?我可以尝一口这月饼吗？taste有品位、味道的意思。 例如：I don’t like the taste of the garlic.我不喜欢大蒜的味道。 She dresses in poor taste.她穿着没有品位。 look有外观，特色的意思，例：The place has a European look.此地具有欧洲特色。 feel有感觉，感受的意思，watch有手表，观察的意思。例：My watch is expensive.我的手表很贵。 6、其中look, sound, feel还能构成"look / sound / feel + as if +从句"结构，意为"看起来/听起来/感觉好像……"。 例如：It looks as if our class is going to win.看来我们班好像要获胜了。 7、感官动词+do与+doing的区别： see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性。 I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"
1.感官动词用法之一：see, hear, listen to, watch, notice等词，后接宾语，再接动词原形或ing形式。前者表全过程，后者表正在进行。句中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。 I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. (我入睡时有人正敲门) I heard someone knock at the door three times. (听的是全过程) I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school.(此处有频率词often) 若以上词用于被动语态，后面原有动词原形改为带to不定式： We saw him go into the restaurant. →He was seen to go into the restaurant. I hear the boy cry every day. →The boy is heard to cry every day. 2.感官动词用法之二：look, sound, smell, taste, feel可当系动词，后接形容词： He looks angry. It sounds good. The flowers smell beautiful. The sweets taste sweet. The silk feels soft. I felt tired. They all looked tired. 这些动词都不用于被动语态。如：The sweets are tasted sweet.是个病句。注意：如果加介词like,则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词：
引言：英语中语气、语态的变化都是通过动词变形实现的，所以掌握动词的变形举足轻重。切记：要把示意动词充当谓语和非谓语动词要分开，非谓语顾名思义 已经不是谓语动词了，所以它的用法和变形与动词时态是不一样的！
非谓语动词（to do, doing ,done ）句中充当得成分以及变形（务必牢记）： 下面我们分门别类的讨论不同结构及用法： 动名词（doing ）作主语 1) Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 改错：Play Taiji benefits our health. Playing Taiji benefits our health. （动词原形不能直接作主语，做主语要把动词名词化，变成doing 或to do ） 2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。 It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 It is a great fun playing football ．打篮球很有趣。 It is a waste of time trying to explain ．设法解释是浪费时间。
3)It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth． It is useless speaking.光说没用。 It is nice seeing you again．真高兴又遇到了你。 It is good playing chess after supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好。 It is expensive running this car．开这种小车是浪费。 动词不定式（to do）作主语（具体的/个别的或将来的动作，多用不定式作 主语） To read this book is very interesting. To be a teacher is his dream. 动名词作宾语 1）只能跟动名词作宾语的动词有： Suggest, finish, avoid, can’t help(禁不住)，mind, enjoy, require, practice, miss, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, keep, leave off, put off, keep on, give up + doing eg. He tries to avoid making mistakes. The man missed being chose by that world-famous company. 2）begin, start, like, love, hate, propose, prefer, dislike, continue, want, need, stop, forget, remember, regret, try, delay, go on doing (正在做的)（like, dislike, love + doing一般性的爱好） （go on, stop, continue + doing一件事情） + to do （去做）（like, dislike, love + to do某次具体的动作） （go on, stop, continue + to do两件事情） 做过mean doing 意味着try doing尝试着做 remember to do 去做mean to do 打算做try to do 试图做 forget doing忘记做过regret doing 后悔做… forget to do忘记去做regret to do后悔去做… 3）want, need, require表示“需要…” want 物+ need + doing (=to be done) require His clothes needed mending (to be mended). These young trees will require looking after.
一、接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的24个常用动词afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 arrange to do sth.安排做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事 beg to do sth. 请求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事 choose to do sth. 决定做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 determine to do sth. 决心做某事 expect to do sth. 期待做某事 fear to do sth. 害怕做某事 help to do sth. 帮助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 promise to do sth. 答应做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事 注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词：aim to do sth. 打算做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事 long to do sth. 渴望做某事 happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事 bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事 elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
初中英语感官动词的用法 一、感官动词 1、感官动词(及物动词)有：see/notice/look at/watch/observe/listen to/hear/feel(Vt)/taste(Vt)/smell(Vt) 2、连缀动词(含感官不及物动词) ： be/get/become/feel/look/sound/smell/taste/keep/stay/seem/ appear/grow/turn/prove/remain/go/run 二、具体用法： 1、see, hear, smell, taste, feel,这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为"看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……"。除look之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。 例如：These flowers smell very sweet.这些花闻起来很香。 The tomatoes feel very soft.这些西红柿摸起来很软。 2、这些动词后面也可接介词like短语，like后面常用名词。 例如：Her idea sounds like fun.她的主意听起来很有趣。 3、这五个感官动词也可作实义动词,除look(当"看起来……"讲时)只能作不及物动词外,其余四个既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词,此时作为实义动词讲时其主语一般为人。 例如:She smelt the meat.她闻了闻那块肉。 I felt in my pocket for cigarettes.我用手在口袋里摸香烟。 4、taste, smell作不及物动词时,可用于"taste / smell + of +名词"结构,意为"有……味道/气味"。 例如:The air in the room smells of earth.房间里的空气有股泥土味。 5、它们(sound除外)可以直接作名词,与have或take构成短语。 例如：May I have a taste of the mooncakes?我可以尝一口这月饼吗?taste有品位、味道的意思。 例如：I don’t like the taste of the garlic. 我不喜欢大蒜的味道。 She dresses in poor taste.她穿着没有品位。 look有外观，特色的意思，例：The place has a European look.此地具有欧洲特色。 feel有感觉，感受的意思，watch有手表，观察的意思。例：My watch is expensive.我的手表很贵。 6、其中look, sound, feel还能构成"look / sound / feel + as if +从句"结构，意为"看起来/听起来/感觉好像……"。 例如：It looks as if our class is going to win.看来我们班好像要获胜了。 7、感官动词+do与+doing的区别： see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性。 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)