省略句
一. 概念
英语中,为了避免重复,常常省略句子中的一个或几个成分,这样的句子叫省略句。
二.相关知识点精讲
1. 简单句中的省略：
在对话中，交谈双方都知道谈论的对象，则可以省略句子的主语，省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中出现的很多。
（1）Looks like rain.
（2）Hope to hear from you soon.
（3）Sounds like a good idea.
（4）Beg your pardon.
（5）Feeling better today ?
（6）This way, please.
（7）—What does he want to eat ?
—Some rice and vegetables.
（8）Anything I can do for you ?
（9）Sorry to hear that.
（10）Doesn’t matter.
（11）Terrible weather!
（12）Pity you couldn’t come.
2. 并列句中的省略：
在并列句中，相同的成分如主语，谓语，宾语等都可以省略：
（1）They learn French and we English.
（2）My father planned and built all these houses.
（3）John won the first race and Jimmy the second.
（4）Coral is not a plant but a variety of animal life.
3. 复合句中的省略：
定语从句：
（1）That’s the reason he is late for the conference.
（2）I don’t like the way he talks.
状语从句：
（1）If heated, water will boil.
（2）Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river.
（3）We’ll go to help you if necessary.
（4）Had I time, I would come.
（5）I’ll go, should it be necessary.
（6）The captain can find a boat quicker than we can.
宾语从句：如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同，可将从句部分的谓语省略。
（1）We will do what we can（do）to help you.
（2）—Is Mr. King in his office?
—Sorry, I don’t know（whether he is in his office or not）.
4. 动词不定式的省略：在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to。
（1）—Would you like to go with us ?
—I’m glad to, but I have to finish my homework.
（2）Don’t tell me the name of the sailor if you don’t want to.
（3）—Have you ever been to the seaside?
—No, we can’t afford to.
在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be going to等结构中，常常省略to后面的动词原形。
（1）They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to.
（2）He doesn’t get up early as he used to.
（3）I’ll hand it in if I have to.
（4）—Would you like to come tonight ?
—I’d love to.
Tell , warn , order , advise , ask等动词的宾语后面接动词不定式做宾语补足语时，可以省略to 后面的动词原形。
（1）He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to.
（2）The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to.
三.巩固练习
1. _____, I will help you with your work.
A. If I am possible
B. If it possible
C. If possible
D. Possible
2. —Do you follow me? —Yes, _____.
A. it is good
B. I will
C. perfectly
D. very good
3. —How are you getting on with your work?
—Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as _____.
A. plans
B. planning
C. planned
D. to plan
4. —Are you a teacher?
—No, but I _____. I worked in a middle school for three years.
A. am
B. will
C. do
D. was
5. —How many poor counties will there be in our province by 2010?
—There will be only a few, if _____.
A. much
B. some
C. any
D. many
6. —Why didn’t you come to Mike’s birthday party yesterday ?
—Well, I_____, but I forgot it.
A. should
B. must
C. should have
D. must have
7. Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don’t take medicine _____.
A. like directed
B. to be directed
C. as directed
D. so that directed
四.答案
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省略句 为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。 Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法 一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式 （am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。 1、when，while引导的时间状语从句 e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street. When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her. 2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句 e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment. I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited. Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished. 3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的 让步状语从句 e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor. Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.
No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time. （注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式） 4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句 e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep. He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作） 二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时， 一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。 e.g. He is taller than his brother (is). I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him. 三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is， there is/are。 e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt. If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm. There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any. Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法 关系词的省略关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。 e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa. I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl. Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略 1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形 成倒装句。 e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. = Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students. 2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句 中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。 e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight. Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略 1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定 式作宾语时，不定式省略to。(一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch) 2、do nothing but，can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。 E.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday. Hearing the news, sh e couldn’t help but cry. 3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope， try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。 E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to. Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略 用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。
专题十六倒装句和省略句重难点分析 一、倒装句 倒装句主要考查以下几个方面： ◆含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容词/副词”提前，用部分倒装； ◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。 1. 倒装句用法一览表：
2. 特别提示 (1) there be结构的倒装句型中，除了be动词之外，there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前，村子里住着一位老人。 (2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首，主语为代词时不到装。如：Away it flew. 它飞走了。 (3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装，主句倒装，但是主语为代词时不倒装。如：“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它，”她说。 (4) so位于句首不倒装的情况：
① 主语与前句相同，表赞同，译为“确实如此”。如： — Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。 — So he does. 确实是。 ② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。如： — Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好，经常帮助处于困境中的人。 — So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。 (5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意： ①句首有名词，名词不能带任何冠词。如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子，却能够明辨是非。 ②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如： Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。 (6) not until位于句首的倒装结构中，如果是复合句，只有主句用倒装，从句不用。如： Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才会戒烟。 二、省略句 高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。 省略句用法一览表：
初一英语阅读训练 阅读理解1 I am Tony Smith. I am twelve. I am in No.101 Middle School. I’m in Class 2, Grade 7. My good friend is Jim Green. He is an English boy. He is twelve, too. He is in my class. He can speak good Chinese. Jane is in Class 2, too. I think she is a good girl. My Chinese teacher is Mr. Wang. His students like him. He is very cool. 根据短文填空，每空一词。 1. Tony ______ twelve. His last name is ______. 2. Tony and Jim are ______ the same ______. Jane is ______ Class 2, too. 3. Tony and Jim ______ good ______. 4. Jim’s ______ is very good. 5. Mr. Wang is their _____ teacher. He is ______. His students him very much. 阅读理解2 Linda：Hello, Paul, is this your pencil? Paul：Yes, it is. Thank you. Linda：Is this your book? Paul：No, it isn’t. Maybe（也许）it’s Mary’s. Linda：Mary, is this your book? Mary：No, it isn’t. My book is here. Ask（问）Bill. Maybe it’s his. Linda：Bill, is this your book? Bill：Yes, it is. Linda：Here you are. Bill：Thank you very much. But where is my bag? 根据对话判断正（T）误（F）。 ( )1. This is Linda’s pencil. ( )2. Bill is a student. ( )3. The book is Bill’s. ( )4. Mary can’t find（找到）her book. ( )5. Paul knows（认识）Linda and Mary. 阅读理解3 Look at these things. This is Mr. Wang’s ID card. And this is Jim’s watch, that’s Mary’s key. Gina’s notebook is over there. Look! What’s that on the floor? Oh, it’s gold ring. It’s Jenny’s ring. It’s very nice. 根据短文选择最佳答案。 1. This is Mr. Wang’s ______. A. notebook B. key C. ID card D. watch 2. ______ notebook is over there. A. Jim’s B. Gina’s C. Jenny’s D. Mary’s
高中英语省略句讲练 为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis） 种类例句说明 主语的省略 Beautiful day (= It is a beautiful day, isn’t it? Pity we live so far from the sea. (It is a pity we live so far from the sea. 有时也可省略整个句子的 主语和谓语，只保留次要 成分。 She was poor but (she was honest. --Did you know anything about the accident? --Not until you told me. (= I didn’t know anything about it until you told me. 谓语的省略 --what do you think made Mary so upset?
--Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset. 状语从句的省略Seen from the plane (when it is seen from the plane, the house looks like tiny toys. If (it is possible, I’ll go there with you. 注意状语从句中的主语同 主句主语的一致性。 不定式的省略 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the street. --Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? --I was going to (come yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 若不定式后面是完成时， 省略时应保留have；不定 式后含有动词be的结构 时，也要保留be动词。 --Did you tell him the news? --I ought to have (told him the news, but I didn’t know how to speak. --Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be.
英语语法省略句 省略句 1)不定式在love, mean, want, like, wish, expect, try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem等动词后面 2)在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing等形容词后面。 1.---will you join us? --- I should love to(join you). 2.I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to(s ee the film). 3.--- Would you like to go with us? --- Yes, I’m glad to(go with you) 4.He doesn’t get up early as he used to. (get up) 注意: 如果不定式中含有be, have(助动词), have been, 通常保留be, have(助动词), have been. 1.--- Are you a sailor? --- No, but I used to be. 2.---He hasn’t finished yet. ---well, he ought to have. 1. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? —Not at all, ________ . (NMET 1995) A. I have no time B. I'd rather not C. I‘d like it D. I'd be happy to 2. —Does your brother intend to study German? —Yes, he intends ________ . (NMET 1998上海卷)
中考英语阅读训练（001） This is a talk by a London taxi(出租车)driver. "I've been a taxi driver for nearly ten years. Most London taxi drivers have their own taxis." "It's a nice job most of time. you meet a lot of people. I always work at night, because there is too much traffic during the day. I live twenty miles(英里)outside London and I go to work at 5:30 in the afternoon." "I usually go home between 2 and 3 in the morning." "Some very strange things happened late at night .The other day I was taking a woman home from a party .She had her little dog with her. When we got to her house, she found that she had lost her key. So I waited in the car with the dog while she climbed in through the windows." "I waited and waited. After half an hour of ringing the bell I decided to find out what was going on .I tied the dog to a tree and started to climb in through the window. The next thing I knew was that the police came. They thought I was a thief(小偷). Luckily the woman came downstairs(下楼).She must have gone to sleep and forgotten about me and the dog!" 1.The driver always worked at night because it was easier to _____. A. drive B. make money ? C. climb in through the window D. meet a lot of people 2.The woman climbed in through the window because _____. A. she wanted to have a sleep B. her husband didn't open the door for her C. she didn't want to pay the driver D. she couldn't find her key 3.The story happened _____. A. early in the morning B. late at night C.20 miles outside London D. near the police station 4.Which of the following is wrong? A. The driver worked until between 2 and 3 in the morning. B. The police made a mistake. C. The woman had no money to pay the driver. D. The woman had forgotten about the driver and the dog.
初中英语专项训练——完成句子(每空一词) Unit 1 1 那天人们吃什么特别的食物？ What _______ _______ do people _______ that day? 2 他们正在赏月。They’re ______ the moon. 3 人们正忙于准备美味的食物。People are ______ _______ ______ food. 4 There were tired because they _______ ______ (熬夜)last night. 5 They went there to ______ the national flag ______ _______(看…..升起). 6 请把这图片挂在墙上。Please ______ _______the picture ______ ______ _______. 7 Please ______ ________ (敲门) the door before you enter. 8 全家人欢聚一堂，共享大餐。 _____ ______ ______ ______ together ______ a big dinner. 9 They ______ ______ ______(开始读书) at once. 10 祝你新年快乐！I _____ you a happy new year. Unit 2 11 Spring Festival is ______ _____ _____ _______ (最重要的节日) in China. 12 请代我问候你的父母亲。 Please _____ my love _____ your _______. 13 别用白纸包压岁钱。Don’t ______ lucky money ______ white. 14 他总是开着门睡觉。He always sleeps _____ the door _______. 15 That sounds _______(有趣的). 16 You can call me ______ (任何时候). 17 我正忙于做作业。I am ______ _______ my homework. 18 To our surprise, he ______ ______ ______ _______ (起死回生). 19 Please ______ ______ _______ （记得要关）the door when you go out. 20 天气越来越暖和。It’s ______ and _______. Unit 3 21 He ______ _______ _______ (许愿) a moment ago. 22 We made cards ______ _______(亲手).
高考英语最新省略句知识点技巧及练习题 一、选择题 1．Although not as such, those large-scale military exercises with America were partly aimed at scaring the North Korea. A．being advertised B．advertising C．having advertised D．advertised 2．—Those senior citizens cheated should have been warned of illegal fund-raising. —________. But few could resist the temptation. A．They were B．They should C．They must D．They did 3．Tom told the news to everybody in the classroom. Why didn’t you tell him _______? A．not to be done B．not do it C．not to D．do not to 4．The flowers he bought will die unless every day. A．watered B．watering C．being watered D．to water 5．Our bedroom ________ 8 metres across, if ________ in metres. A．is measured; measured B．is measured in; measuring C．measures; measured D．measures in; measuring 6．I decide I will not attend her birthday party ________. A．if inviting B．when inviting C．unless invited D．while invited 7．---Are you a teacher? ---No, but I ________. A．used to B．was used to C．used to be D．used to do 8．If _____ green, the door might look more beautiful. A．paint B．painted C．to paint D．painting 9．Mimosa, 15 cm in height, is a sensitive small plant, which will close when ______. A．touching B．touched C．is touched D．to be touched 10．Unless ________ to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class. A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．having invited 11．It has been said that “happiness is like a butterfly, which, when _ _, is always beyond our grasp but which, if you will sit down quietly, may alight upon you．" A．pursuing B．pursued C．to pursue D．having pursued 12．Jerry has promised to keep the secret, so he won't tell anyone even though . A．asking to B．to be asked
高考英语最新省略句知识点解析 一、选择题 1．As we all know, , the pollution will get worse and worse. A．not if carefully dealt with B．until not carefully dealt with C．if not carefully dealt with D．when not carefully dealt with 2．The boss asked Tim to go and out if there was anyone else absent. A．find B．finding C．to find D．found 3．Our bedroom ________ 8 metres across, if ________ in metres. A．is measured; measured B．is measured in; measuring C．measures; measured D．measures in; measuring 4．If the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. A．giving B．give C．given D．being given 5．I decide I will not attend her birthday party ________. A．if inviting B．when inviting C．unless invited D．while invited 6．If ________ to very loud music every day, young people may risk going deaf. A．expose B．exposing C．exposed D．to expose 7．—Frequent lack of breakfast does harm to health. — , why do you always do that? A．So what B．If so C．If any D．Even so 8．Friendship is like money, easier made than ______. A．being kept B．to be kept C．keeping D．kept 9．If ______ in class, you will have to clean the classroom for a week as a punishment. A．to catch to sleep B．caught to sleep C．catching sleeping D．caught sleeping 10．The text and dialogues below focus on cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies which can create misunderstanding if ______. A．ignore B．to be ignored C．ignoring D．ignored 11．Mimosa, 15 cm in height, is a sensitive small plant, which will close when ______. A．touching B．touched C．is touched D．to be touched 12．Jerry has promised to keep the secret, so he won't tell anyone even though . A．asking to B．to be asked C．to ask D．asked to 13．When ________how a statue from distant Greece____in China，researchers explained that it
2019 小升初英语语法省略句知识点：空缺与增补 小升初英语语法省略句知识点：空缺与增补 两个主语不同的句子，谓语有相同部分，也有不同部分，如果用 连词连接起来实行对比，则其相同部分在后面分句中能够省略，这样，后 面分句中就出现“空缺”现象。“空缺” 处通常被省略的是动词， 或动词及其宾语、补足语等。汉译时不妨采用“补齐”的方法。例如： A sound must be heard ，a colour seen ，a flavour tasted ， an odour inhaled.，颜色必须目视，滋味必须口尝，气味必须鼻吸。( 后三句省略 must be) Histories make men wise；mathematic logic and rhetoric able to contend. ；数学使人精细；逻辑和修辞 使人善辩。( 原文后两句省略make men) 注意 than 引出的比较从句中，套有 when引导的时间从句或 if 引导的条 件从句，而且该比较从句中的省略部分与整个句子的主要结构一致时则 比较从句的省略部分可省略不译。例如： My uncle is better than when I wrote to 我伯父的身体比我上 次给你去信时好些了(...than 后面省略了he was) 灵活使用 对英语中一些特殊省略结构译法需灵活，指的是按正常语法规则 分析，有的无法增补，有的要用不同的方式来增补，使之成为完全句。 所以，汉译英时，视上下文加以灵活处理。 1.“宾语 +主语 +谓语 and + 谓语”结构 其中 and 连接的，是用作不同成分的同一个词，这个词既是第一分 句的宾语，又是第二分句的主语。此结构的特点是，把宾语提到句
初中英语阅读训练2017.8 一.完形填空 A Hello, my name is Lucy. I come from England. I live in a very big house ___1____ my parents. There is a small ____2___ in front of my house. I grow a lot of beautiful flowers in it. Now let me ____3___ you about my house. This is the sitting room. There is a photo of my ____4___ on the wall. We all look happy in it. We have a big sofa. I like sitting on it to watch TV. There are two bedrooms. One is for my parents and ___5____ is for my sister and me. Our bedroom is not very big, ___6____ it is very comfortable. There is a toy cat on my bed. She is my best friend. I like the ____7___ very much because my parents ____8___ cook delicious food for us in it. We can enjoy the nice food every day. The bathroom is ___9____ my parents’ bedroom and ours. I ___10____ a bath in it every evening. My home is very comfortable and I like it a lot. ( )1. A. with B. to C. about D. of ( )2. A. shop B. river C. school D. garden ( )3. A. tell B. say C. speak D. talk ( )4. A. house B. home C. family D. school ( )5. A. another B. other C. the other D. the others ( )6. A. and B. so C. but D. or ( )7. A. bedroom B. balcony C. sitting room D. kitchen ( )8. A. never B. sometimes C. often D. seldom ( )9. A. in B. at C. from D. between ( )10. A. live B. make C. have D. get B A fox is 21 food. He is very hungry. Now he 22 near a wall. The wall is very 23 .The fox is looking up. He sees 24 fine grapes 25 the wall. He smiles and says, “26 nice they are! I want to eat them. nice they are! I want to at them.” The fox is jumping. He jumps and jumps, 27 the wall is too high. He 28 get the grapes. The fox says “I must go now. I don’t like those grapes.29 are green. They are not 30 to eat. ” ( ) 21.A. seeing B. finding out C. looking for D. finding ( ) 22.A. gets B. comes C. goes D. stands ( ) 23.A. much B. small C. strong D. high ( ) 24.A. a little B. few C. much D. a lot of ( ) 25.A. in B. on C. at D. for ( ) 26.A. What B. How C. What a D. How a ( ) 27.A. and B. or C. but D. where ( ) 28.A. can’t B. can C. hasn’t D. is n’t ( ) 29.A. We B. It C. You D. They ( ) 30.A. bad B. good C. hard D. better C Linlin is a boy. He 1 in the No. 5 Secondary School. Every day he gets up early in the morning. Then he reads English 2 Chinese. 3 half past six he 4 breakfast. He goes to school 5 bike. Class begins at eight in the morning. There are four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon. Classes 6 over at four thirty in the afternoon. Sometimes he plays games __7__
高考英语省略句知识点分类汇编附解析 一、选择题 1．When people cut down big trees, new trees should be planted. ,they will have no trees to cut down in the future. A．If not B．If so C．If no so D．If don’t 2．The flowers he bought will die unless every day. A．watered B．watering C．being watered D．to water 3．Though ________ of the danger, Mr. Brown still risked his life to save the boy in the fire. A．having told B．being told C．to be told D．told 4．---Are you a teacher? ---No, but I ________. A．used to B．was used to C．used to be D．used to do 5．We will gather for the community service at the school gate at 8 tomorrow morning unless . A．otherwise informing B．otherwise being informed C．otherwise informed D．having otherwise informed 6．—How is Amy suffering from liver failure? —The doctor has said if in a proper way, she is likely to recover. A．to be treated B．treated C．treating D．is treated 7．The text and dialogues below focus on cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies which can create misunderstanding if ______. A．ignore B．to be ignored C．ignoring D．ignored 8．It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. ________, we’d better take it to the garage immediately. A．Otherwise B．If not C．But for that D．If so 9．Unless ________ to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class. A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．having invited 10．A good interviewer is able to tell very quickly if you’ve done your homework about the company, so make sure you ________! A．do B．have C．will do D．did 11．As we all know, , the pollution will get worse and worse. A．not if carefully dealt with B．until not carefully dealt with C．if not carefully dealt with D．when not carefully dealt with 12．—Those senior citizens cheated should have been warned of illegal fund-raising.