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Office clerk办公室工作人员Staff member职员Farewell party告别晚会Leave for赴；去（。
地方）Sort out整理Return address回信地址Registered letters挂号信Express Mail Service邮政快递服务Branch manager部门经理Administrative manager行政经理Sore throat喉咙痛Ceramics exhibition瓷器展览会Tourist attraction旅游景点Casual outfit便装（外套）Food processor食品加工机Coffee-maker煮咖啡机Study-abroad scholarship出国学习奖学金Creating a web page制作一个网页Subtitles for drawings图片文字说明Graphic design艺术设计；平面设计（尤指电脑）Software development软件编写；软件研制V ocational school职业技术学校In the trade在这个行业中；在业界内Feeling like a small fish in a big pond(因为在大单位里工作而)觉得无足轻重Recognized for doing good work因工作有成就而得到承认Stay current on new things不断学会新东西而免于落后Keep in touch with…与。
保持联系Put somebody off…使某人不喜欢…使某人生厌Go bowling去打保龄球Come along一起去（来）Drive someone nuts使某人发狂Take it easy别着急；放松点Wind surfing风帆冲浪Full board一日三餐全包Sea diving 潜海Flat tyre瘪胎Puncture the tyre戳破车胎Set the clock拨好闹钟Ask about问候；问及Leaving college大学毕业Go in for从事Easy mistake难免的误解Come off脱落；松动Main component主要（电子）零部件Shrimp salad虾仁色拉Sweet and sour pork红烧肉Roast duck烤鸭Potato chip炸土豆片Powerpoint projector电子投影仪Overhead projector(一种老式的)反光镜投影仪Field visit现场参观Time constraints时间限制Wireless microphone无线话筒Organic matter有机物Chemicals and fertilizers:农药和化肥Net radio 网络电视Pull oneself together振作起来Blatant sexism公然的性别歧视Bring up this problem把这个问题说出来Be astounded受到震惊Be baffled不知所措Rise to the occasion勇敢面对困难，克服困难Wash down用饮料将吃的（食物）送下The shape and size of your word你的社交和生活圈子的性质与大小Fancy words花里胡哨的词汇Vulgar and offensive expressions:粗俗的语言Unpleasant implications令人不快的含义Make light of serious concerns让很严重的事情听起来显得轻松点Make something seem more important or grandiose让某些事听起来更重要些或更体面些Move in搬进（新居）Be online 在线Allow someone to stay overnight留某人过夜Kitchen utensils厨房用具Plug in(电源插头)插上（电源）A permission 许可单Hygiene inspector卫生监察员Check out（图书等）借出Subtle message微妙的含义Cold stares冷漠的注视目光Look searchingly into each other s eye:以探询的目光注视对方的眼睛Human-to-human awareness:对人际关系的意识A long and steady gaze:长久的凝视。
名校版高考高中英语语法详解Something惯用法something是英语中使用频繁的词汇之一，它的基本意义为“某事，某物”，比如，Would you like something to eat? 你想吃点什么吗啊？这里的动词不定式to eat是作定语，修饰something的，但要后置。
something可以用作代词，也可以用作副词，但在应用中却远远超出了这个意义，下面学习一下其常见的惯用法。
1.something用作代词，意思是“了不起，有道理，重要的事物”，比如，He thinks he is something.他认为他了不起。
再如，There is something in what you say.你所说的有些道理。
再比如，He is something in the department.他在部门颇有地位。
2．something用作副词时可以表示“有些、似乎”，比如，He was something impatient.他有些不耐烦。
He is something better today.他今天好些了。
3．搭配or something的意思是“……之类的人，东西或情况”，表示对所陈述的对象不十分肯定，比如，He is the wool merchant or something.他是个羊毛商之类的人。
再比如，He is a teacher or something.他大概是个当老师的。
再比如，I hear he has broken an arm or something.我听说他断了一只手臂什么的。
4．something of表示“在某种意义或程度上……，有几分，有些像”等等，比如，The city proved to be something of a disappointment.结果这座城市证明有点儿令人失望。
再比如，The soldiers found himself something of a hero when he returned to his village.那个士兵回到村里时，发现人们有几分把它当做英雄看待。
Module 11.1Way of WorkingRegular hours 正常工作时间Flexible hours弹性工作时间Freelance n。
自由职业Tele working n。
电子办公Job-share vi./n.分担工作（制)Job-sharing n。
分担工作Shift work 轮班工作Part—time n。
兼职Temping n.临时工Consultancy n。
咨询公司Specialist advice n.专业咨询Flextime n。
弹性工作时间Hotdesking n。
办公桌轮用Office gossip n。
办公室小道消息Office news n。
办公室新闻Credit n。
赞扬,功劳Managing director 总裁Brainpower n.智能Worst—case adj。
做最坏的打算Scenario n.事态Full—time adj。
全日制的Delegate vt。
分派工作,授权Availability n。
利用可能性Job—sharer n.与人分担工作的人Parental leave adj。
父母假，育儿假Distraction n.让人分心的事Contact n。
人脉Case-load n.工作量Daily log 日志Voice mail 语音信箱（邮件) Self—organization n。
自我组织能力Disruptive n。
造成混乱的1.2 Making ContactsTrade fair event 商品交易会Coffee break 工间咖啡休息时间Drinks evening 晚间酒会Coaching event 专项体验训练活动Network vt/vi。
建立关系网络Networking n。
建立人际网,关系网Maximize vt。
最大限度的使用，发挥Socializing n.参与社交交际Corporate world 商界Useful contacts 有用的人际关系Co—chair联合总裁Networking event 牵线搭桥的联谊活动Locals n.当地人Be spread out 分散在各地Internal communication 内部交流Post-it note 便条1。
executiveDirectorincumbent: 义不容辞的；现任的，在职的take on : 雇佣project managerbreakout area：进货存储区final-salary pension scheme：最终薪金养老计划budget：预算non-cash reward：非现金奖励in added effort：进一步努力incentive trip：奖励性旅游in for the long haul ：长期干下去letter of application1.告诉收信人你是从何处获悉招聘信息，例如报纸广告或电台、广告牌等。
2. 在信中你必须简要表达你对应聘工作感兴趣的原因。
3. 告诉对方你的教育背景、工作经验，甚至是与此有关的个人兴趣、嗜好等。
（如果刚离开校门，也不妨告诉对方你曾做过何种暑期兼职工作，虽然并不一定有关联，但起码向对方表示你具有一定的工作能力）。
4. 提供你的个人资料，例如年龄、种族、婚姻情况、兴趣爱好、你所参与的团体活动等。
5. 必要的话提供两三个推荐人的姓名及其电话号码。
他们对你的为人及工作情况应有所了解，最好是你的前雇主或以前的老师。
6. 表示你很想获得面试机会，如果你前去面试的时间有所限制，也需于信中说明，但不要把时间限制得太紧。
7. 措辞要礼貌，但不要太过分谦卑或拐弯抹角。
表达尽量显得客观，不要过于自夸品学兼优、工作态度认真等，这些应该是推荐人说的话，不是你自己说的话。
求职信常用的句式表达：Beginning 开头（1）With reference to your advertisement in (newspaper) of May 2 for a clerk, I offer myself for the post.（2）In reply to your advertisement in today’s (newspaper) for an accountant, I am writing to apply for the post.（3）I should like to/ I wish to apply for the position mentioned in your advertisement in (newspaper) of July 22.Introducing oneself: about age and experience 介绍自己的年龄和经验（1）I have had 5 years’ experience with a company as a salesman.（2）I am 25 years of age, and have had two years’ experience in my present post, which I am leaving to better myself.About personal ability 叙述个人能力(1) I am a good accountant and have a thorough knowledge of the English language.(2) I have received a good education, and know English, Spanish and shorthand.(速记)About enclosure 附件(1)Y ou will find enclosed an outline of my education and business training andcopies of two letters of recommendation.(2)Enclosed please find a resume and a photo.(3)I attach schedule of my qualification and experience.About salary 薪酬待遇(1)I am quite willing to start with a small salary.(2)I should require a salary of 4,500 a month to begin with.(3)The salary I should require would be 60,000 a year, plus 1% commission onall sales.Reasons for leaving 离职原因(1)My reason for leaving the company is that I wish to get into the advertisingbusiness.(2)I am leaving our office to be with my mother and care for my aged mother ina distant city.(3) My reason for leaving my present employment is simple because I see no chance of advancement.Ending: request for an interview 结尾：请求面谈(1)If you desire an interview, I shall be most happy to call in person, o n any dayand at any time you may appoint.(2)Should you think favorably of my application, kindly grant me an interview.(3)I hope that you will be kind enough to consider my application favorably.恳请惠予考虑本人之申请为盼。
BEC VantageModule One：1.1 Business TopicVOCABULARY：regular hours 正常工作时间；flexible hours 弹性工作时间freelance 自由职业；Teleworking电子化办公方式job-share分担工作，工作分担制；job-sharing分担工作shift work 轮班工作，倒班制；Temping当临时工，任临时演员Consultancy咨询公司，顾问公司；specialist advice专业咨询flexitime弹性工作（上班）时间；hotdesking办公桌轮用office gossip 办公室小道消息；credit 赞扬，功劳managing director总裁，总经理；brainpower智能worst case作最坏打算的，为最坏情况的；scenario事态，局面full-time全日制的；delegate 授权，分派工作availability利用（或获得的）可能性, 可以利用的人（物）；job-sharer与人分担工作的人；parental-leave父母假；育儿假distractions让人注意力分散（分心）的事物；contact人脉，有影响的熟人；case-load 工作量daily-log日志；voice mail 语音信箱, 语音邮件self-organization自我组织能力；disruptive 造成混乱的Background Information 弹性工作方式出发点：降低员工在工作、家庭、休闲或教育方面不同要求的冲突，减少交通费用，兼顾工作和生活，使员工更加安心工作，降低员工流动率，更好地利用办公设备具体类型：弹性工作地点(flexiplace)弹性工作时间（flexitime）压缩工作周（compressed work weeks）长期兼职（permanent part-time）分担工作（job-sharing）READING：How to job-share 5 、Read about job-sharing. Write these heading into each paragraph.Tip：本道练习与BEC V阅读考试的第一部分类似，真实考试要求考生阅读四篇短文或一篇有四个段落的较长文章，然后将它们与所给句子分别配对。
商务英语常用短语商务英语常用短语汇总导语：学好英语对个人发展是很有前途的，下面是店铺收集的商务英语常用短语汇总，有兴趣的同学可以看看。
a series of 一系列,一连串above all 首先,尤其是after all 毕竟,究竟ahead of 在...之前ahead of time 提前all at once 突然,同时all but 几乎;除了...都all of a sudden 突然all over 遍及all over again 再一次,重新all the time 一直,始终all the same 仍然,照样的as regards 关于,至于anything but 根本不as a matter of fact 实际上apart from 除...外(有/无)as a rule 通常,照例as a result(of) 因此,由于as far as ...be concerned 就...而言as far as 远至,到...程度as for 至于,关于as follows 如下as if 好像,仿怫as good as 和...几乎一样as usual 像平常一样,照例as to 至于,关于all right 令人满意的;可以as well 同样,也,还as well as 除...外(也),即...又aside from 除...外(还有)at a loss 茫然,不知所措at a time 一次,每次at all 丝毫(不),一点也不at all costs 不惜一切代价at all events 不管怎样,无论如何at all times 随时,总是at any rate 无论如何,至少at best 充其量,至多at first 最初,起先at first sight 乍一看,初看起来at hand 在手边,在附近at heart 内心里,本质上at home 在家,在国内at intervals 不时,每隔...at large 大多数,未被捕获的at least 至少at last 终于at length 最终,终于at most 至多,不超过at no time 从不,决不by accident 偶然at one time 曾经,一度;同时at present 目前,现在at sb's disposal 任...处理at the cost of 以...为代价at the mercy of 任凭...摆布at the moment 此刻,目前at this rate 照此速度at times 有时,间或back and forth 来回地,反复地back of 在...后面before long 不久以后beside point 离题的,不相干的beyond question 毫无疑问by air 通过航空途径by all means 尽一切办法,务必by and by 不久,迟早by chance 偶然,碰巧by far 最,...得多by hand 用手,用体力by itself 自动地,独自地by means of 用,依靠by mistake 错误地,无意地by no means 决不,并没有by oneself 单独地,独自地by reason of 由于by the way 顺便说说by virtue of 借助,由于by way of 经由,通过...方法due to 由于,因为each other 互相even if/though 即使,虽然ever so 非常,极其every now and then 时而,偶尔every other 每隔一个的except for 除了...外face to face 面对面地far from 远非,远离for ever 永远for good 永久地for the better 好转for the moment 暂时,目前for the present 暂时,目前for the sake of 为了,为了...的利益for the time being 暂时,眼下from time to time 有时,不时hand in hand 手拉手 ,密切关联head on 迎面地,正面的heart and soul 全心全意地how about ...怎么样in a hurry 匆忙,急于in case of 假如,防备in a moment 立刻,一会儿in a sense 从某种意义上说in a way 在某种程度上in a word 简言之,总之in accordance with 与...一致,按照in addition 另外,加之in addition to 除...之外(还)in advance 预先,事先in all 总共,合计in any case 无论如何in any event 无论如何in brief 简单地说in charge of 负责,总管in common 共用的,共有的' in consequence(of) 因此;由于in debt 欠债,欠情in detail 详细地in difficulty 处境困难in effect 实际上,事实上in general 一般来说,大体上in favor of 支持,赞成in front of 面对,在...前in half 成两半in hand 在进行中,待办理in honor of 为庆祝,为纪念in itself 本质上,就其本身而言in line with 与...一致in memory of 纪念in no case 决不in no time 立即,马上in no way 决不in order 按顺序,按次序in other words 换句话说in part 部分地in particular 特别,尤其in person 亲自,本人in place 在合适的位置in place of 代替,取代,交换in practice 在实践中,实际上in proportion to 与...成比例in public 公开地,当众in quantity 大量in question 正在谈论的in regard to 关于,至于in relation to 关于,涉及in return 作为报答/回报/交换in return for 作为对...报答in short 简言之,总之in sight 被见到;在望in spite of 尽管in step 齐步,合拍in step with 与...一致/协调in tears 流着泪,在哭着in the course of 在...期间/过程中in the distance 在远处in the end 最后,终于in the event of 如果...发生,万一in the face of 即使;在...面前in the first place 首先in the future 在未来in the least 丝毫,一点in (the)light of 鉴于,由于in the way 挡道in the world 究竟,到底in time 及时in touch 联系,接触in turn 依次,轮流;转而in vain 徒劳,白费力instead of 代替,而不是just now 眼下;刚才little by little 逐渐地lots of 许多many a 许多more or less 或多或少,有点next door 隔壁的,在隔壁no doubt 无疑地no less than 不少于...;不亚于...no longer 不再no more 不再no more than 至多,同...一样不none other than 不是别的,正是on one's guard 警惕,提防nothing but 只有,只不过now and then 时而,偶尔off and on 断断续续,间歇地off duty 下班on a large/small scale 大/小规模地on account of 由于on(an/the) average 平均,通常on behalf of 代表on board 在船(车/飞机)上on business 因公on condition that 如果on duty 上班,值班on earth 究竟,到底on fire 起火着火on foot 步行,on guard 站岗,值班on hand 在场,在手边on occasion(s) 有时,间或on one's own 独立,独自on purpose 故意地on sale 出售,廉价出售on schedule 按时间表,准时on second thoughts 经重新考虑on the contrary 正相反on the grounds of 根据,以...为由on (the) one hand 一方面on the other hand 另一方面on the point of 即将...的时刻on the road 在旅途中on the side 作为兼职/副业on the spot 在场;马上on the whole 总的来说,大体上on time 准时once again 再一次once(and)for all 一劳永逸地once in a while 偶尔once more 再一次once upon a time 从前one another 相互or else 否则,要不然or so 大约,左右other than 非;除了out of 从...中;由于;缺乏out of breath 喘不过气来out of control 失去控制out of date 过时的out of doors 在户外out of order 出故障的out of place 不适当的out of practice 久不练习,荒疏out of sight 看不见,在视野外out of the question 毫无可能的out of touch 不联系,不接触over and over(again) 一再地,再三地prior at 在...之前quite a few 相当多,不少rather than 不是...(而是) regardless of 不顾,不惜right away 立即,马上side by side 肩并肩,一起so far 迄今为止sooner or later 迟早,早晚step by step 逐步地such as 例如,诸如thanks to 由于,多亏that is (to say) 就是说,即to the point 切中要害,切题under control 处于控制之下under the circumstances 这种情况下up to date 在进行中up to 多达;直到;胜任;取决于what if 切合目前情况的what about 怎么样with respect to 如果...将怎么样with regard to 关于,至于without question 关于,至于,with the exception of 除...之外without question 毫无疑问word for word 逐字的【商务英语常用短语汇总】。
商贸英语常用词汇翻译1.registered trademark注册商标2.maket quotation市场行情3.arbitral award仲裁裁决4.entertain a claim受理索赔5.sole / exclusive agent独家代理6.business standing商业信用7. sales confirmation销售确认书/合同8.preferential tariff特惠关税9. exclusive distribution独家经销10.bonded area保税区11.discrepant document不符单据12. underwriter承保人/保险公司13.insurance coverage保险范围14.exchange rate兑换率15.close an order决定成交16. under separate cover另外邮寄17. conclude a deal达成交易18.withdraw an offer撤销报价19.dishonor退票20.gross margin毛利1.enclosed literature 内附说明书2.down payment 预付定金3.instalment payment 分期付款4.pay on delivery 货到付款5.effect\cover\take out insurance办理保险，投保6.dismiss a claim 驳回索赔7.spot price 现货价格8.forward price 期货价格9.tax holiday 免税期10.find a ready market 畅销11.excute\implement a contract 执行合同12.tie up bunds 占压资金13.extend L/C 延长信用证14.amend L/C 修改信用证15.expiry date 到期日16.deferred payment 延期付款17.breach of contract 违约18.resort to arbitration 诉诸仲裁19.financial position 财务状况20.best-selling line 畅销货1.forwarding agent 运输代理人2.close account 结账3.interest-free loan 无息贷款4.export declaration 出口报关5.trade fiction 贸易摩擦6.improvement trade 加工贸易7.trade practice 贸易惯例8.clearance sale 清仓甩卖9.customs detention 海关扣留10.protest note 拒付通知11.tax avoidance 避税12.tax abatement 减税13.tax dodger 偷税人14. tax evasion 逃税，漏税15.tax heaven 免税地区，避税天堂1.full payment 全额付款2.account payment 应付款3.account receivable 应收款4.running account 流水账5.forwarder 承运人6.annual turnover 年营业额7.resort to litigation 诉诸诉讼8.invitation to bid 招标9.service charge 手续费10.back freight 退货运费。
Idioma tic g lossa ry &The e xplan ation s 惯用术语及解释1. F ish c annot brea the o ut of wate r.鱼离开水就不能呼吸。
例句：The y wal ked t hroug h the fore st br eathi ng th e sce nt of pine s.他们步行穿过森林，呼吸着松树的芳香。
2. Theroadbridg e isnow o pen t o tra ffic.这座公路桥现在开放通行。
be op en to traf fic 通车例句：Thenew r oad w ill s oon b e ope ned t o tra ffic.这条新马路不久就可通车。
3. Heis aboldthink er, w ith l ots o f ori ginal idea s.他敢于思考，富有创新观点。
orig inalideas: 新颖的意见，原创的看法例句：Th e spe akerseems to h ave n o ori ginal idea s; hi s spe ech w as fu ll of plat itude s. 演讲人似乎没有什么独到的见解，他的讲话充满了陈词滥调。
4. Ho w's t he bu sines s? Th e bus iness is s low.生意好吗?生意状况不太好。
生意不太好时可以说The busi nessis sl ow；生意活络时，则说Thetradeis b risk，或者 Th e Mar ket i s bri sk。
职场英语常用随着全球化的到来，英语已经成为了职场中最重要的语言之一。
对于那些希望在国际职场上有所发展的人来说，掌握职场英语是必不可少的。
以下是一些常用的职场英语词汇和短语，可以帮助你在职场中更加自信地表达自己。
1. Deadline –截止日期“Please submit your report by the deadline.”2. Agenda –议程“Let’s take a look at the agenda for today’s meeting.”3. Action item –行动项“John, can you take care of the action items from our last meeting?”4. Follow-up –后续跟进“I will follow up with you next week to see if you need any further assistance.”5. Due diligence –尽职调查“We need to conduct our due diligence before we can makea decision.”6. Key performance indicators (KPIs) –关键绩效指标“Our team’s KPIs are directly tied to the company’s overall goals.”7. Stakeholders –利益相关者“We need to consider the interests of all stakeholders before making a decision.”8. Best practices –最佳实践“Let’s take a look at some best practices from other companies in our industry.”9. Out of the box –创新的“We need to come up with some out-of-the-box ideas to solve this problem.”10. Win-win –双赢的“Let’s work together to find a win-win solution for both sides.”以上是一些常用的职场英语词汇和短语，掌握这些词汇可以帮助你更好地在职场中交流和表达自己的意见。
individual proprietorship 个体经营partnership 合伙企业corporation 公司企业unlimited liability 无限责任limited liability 有限责任Home office 公司总部Business activities 经济活动operating activities 经营活动business house 商行；商号financial activities 筹资活动capital stock 股本trade association 贸易协会creditor 债权人to trade in 经营某商品business scope / frame 经营范围trading firm / house 贸易行，商行to do business in a moderate way 做生意稳重commercial channels 商业渠道commercial transaction 买卖，交易manufacturer 制造商，制造厂middleman 中间商，经纪人dealer 经销商wholesaler 批发商retailer 零售商tradesman 零售商merchant 商人（英）批发商，（美）零售商concessionaire, licensed dealer 授让人，特许权获得者stocks 存货，库存量bulk sale 整批销售，趸售wholesale 批发retail trade 零售业cash sale 现货hire – purchase 分期付款购买(美作：installment plan) registered trademark 注册商标registered office, head office 总公司，总店，总部public ownership 公有制private ownership 私有制foreign – funded enterprise 外资企业joint venture 合资企业cooperative enterprise 合作企业wholly foreign owned / funded enterprise 外资企业common ground 共同点adjustment and compromise调整和妥协common interest 共同利益advantageous contract 有利的合同bargaining range 谈判范围concede ground 让步，屈服bargaining strength 谈判实力concession trading 让步贸易bargaining 讨价还价conflicting interests利益冲突basic interests基本利益conflicting objectives冲突的目标behavioral norms 行为规范core outcomes 核心结果bottom line 谈判底线defensive - offensive posture 防守—进攻立场breakdown in negotiation 谈判破裂collective well - being 集体利益difficult decisions 决策困难dogmatic negotiator 独断的谈判者negotiation sketch 谈判简图equitable agreement 公平合理的协议negotiation skills 谈判技巧exaggerated positions 言过其实的的立场on the routine basis 在惯例的基础上expected benefits 期待的谈判结果one-off business 一锤子买卖face-to-face negotiation 面对面谈判opening position 初步价位factual information 实际信息optimal timing 最佳时机fail to reach any agreement 无法达成协议optimize the interests使利益最优化pull tricks 耍花招failure of negotiation 谈判失败renounce a negotiation 放弃谈判favorable outcomes 利好结果reservation price 保留价格give-and-take 给予和索取room for maneuver 周旋的余地good joint outcome 互惠的共同结果rough style 激烈的谈判风格scheduling of concessions 让步进程information loophole 信息空缺settle differences 解决分歧sham position 虚假立场signal firmness 表现出坚定立场knock-down fight 强力反击stakes 投资资金leverage 手段，优势straight compromise 彻底妥协mange concessions 掌握让步的分寸strategic activity 策略活动strategic ploy 战略手段margins of maneuver 机动空间strategy formulation 策略构想marked disadvantage 明显的劣势stumbling block 绊脚石maximize the interests 使利益最大化successful implementation 成功实施tactical moves 谈判技巧minimum level of acceptance 最底的接受底线terms and conditions 条款和条件negotiation processes 谈判过程access to power 利用权力choice assignments 选择权的分配achieve recognition 得到公认continual compliance 一味迁就acquire power 获取权力courage under fire 应对责难的勇气analytical ability 分析能力create opportunities 创造机会breed resistance 导致怨恨critical task 重要任务breed resistance 导致反抗decisional role 决策作用build reputation 树立威信delegate responsibilities 授权build trusting relationships 建立依赖关系direct intervention 直接干预eliminate the bottleneck 消除瓶颈问题chaotic situation 混乱局面enhance the power 增强权力norm of reciprocity 互利互惠的规范exert influence 施加影响exert information 提取信息office layout 办公室布局follow directions 遵从指示organizational capacity 组织目标formal influence 正式影响organizational principle 组织原则gain power 获得权力organizational structure 组织结构give recommendation 提供建议organizationally ambitious 对组织工作有远大抱负的good judgment 正确的判断organization’s ends 组织目标higher-up 上级personal attractiveness 个人魅力holder of an office 公职人员power acquisition 赢得权力individual goal 个人目标power seeker 权力的追求者induce cooperation 促使合作pressing deskwork 紧迫的案头工作informal influence 非正式影响promote visibility 提高显著程度informational function 信息功能public speaking skills 演讲技能interactions 相互交流relevance of the work 工作的实用性interpersonal activities 交际活动leader power 领导权力sense of timing 选择时机的意识leadership arts 领导艺术serve on committee 在委员会任职leadership position 领导职位sheer willingness 完全积极主动leadership responsibility 领导责任show one’s stuff 展现自我leadership science 领导科学sincere interest 真诚的兴趣legitimate reason 正当理由sneaky tactics 卑鄙的手段low-power position 低等的权利职务subgroup goal 子群体目标subordinate 下属make a good impression 留下好印象technical decision-making 技术决策technical expertise 专业技术managerial job 管理工作managerial skills 管理技能workers’ grievnances 工人的抱怨net influence 净影响account holder 开户人account number 账号automatic teller machine 自动取款机average rate of interest 平均利率balance 余额bank depositor 银行储户bank teller 银行出纳员banking regulations 银行管理制度bounce burglar alarm 被银行退票cancelled check 防盗警报certificate of deposit 已注销的支票checking account 存单close an account 结清账户demand account 活期账户demand deposit 活期存款deposit inducement 吸纳存款deposit interest 银行利息depositor 存款人deposit 存款overdrawn 透支的paid check 已付支票passbook saving 存折储蓄payee 收款人petty current deposit 小额活期存款predetermined maturity 预先规定的到期日rate limit 利率限制receiving teller 收款员record keeping 记账saver 储户saving account 储蓄账户saving deposit 储蓄存款savings bank 储蓄银行service charge 服务费source of funding 资金来源statement 结算清单early withdrawal 提前取款effective overall cost 实际总成本explicit interest 现付利息fixed maturity 规定到期日fixed rate 固定利率flexible maturity 灵活到期日insufficient funds 资金不足interest penalty 罚息interest – bearing deposit 计息liquidity reserves 流动性储备资金make additions 增加存款make withdrawals 提款maturity 到期日negotiable certificates of deposit 可转让存单negotiable instrument 流通票据negotiable order of withdrawal accounts 可转让提款单账户nonnegotiable 不能转让的note circulation 钞票流通open an account 开户头a order of withdrawal 提款命令out of business 破产outstanding check 未竞现支票overdrawn account 透支账户stop payment order 止付令stopping payment on a check 停付支票terminate the account 结束账户time deposit 定期存款trustworthy 可依赖的uniformed guard 便衣保安unobstructed counter 没有障碍的护栏variable – rate 浮动利率vaults 保管库volume of deposits 存款量withdrawal application 提款申请withdrawal order 提款命令，支取单withdrawal receipt 提款收据withdrawal 取款working balance 往来余额accounting 会计、会计学financial transactions 金融交易financial statements 财务报表public accountant 公共会计师、会计师certified public accountant 执业会计师Accepted Accounting Principles 公认会计原则audit 审计statement 报表periodic statements 定期报表balance sheet 资产负债表income statement 收益表、损益表asset accounts 资产账户current assets 流动资产revenue 收入、收益expenses 支出、开支net income 净利润operating income 营业收入interest expense 利息支出income before tax 税前收入gross profit 毛利depreciation 折旧accumulated depreciation 累计折旧owner’s equity 业主权益、业主产权bad debt 坏账备抵savings and loans 储蓄与放款、信用合作社brokerage firms 经纪人事务所control operations 控制经营活动cost – effectiveness balance 成本效益平衡原则creditor 债权人net profit margin 纯利润率notes payable 应付票据posting 过账solvency 偿付能力working capital 运营资本、流动资本informed decisions 精明的决策internal control 内部控制原则account payable 应付账款accounts receivable 应收账款accumulated deficit 累计亏损absentee ballot 缺席投票balance sheet 资产负债表better returns 更好的回报broker 股票经纪人business prospects 业务展望buy a call 买进期权call price 股票购进价格chart 走势图common stock 普通股company effect 公司的影响core businesses 核心行业current price of gold 黄金现价current share price 股票现价dividend 股息dominant factor 决定因素draw lines to find resistance 找阻力线draw lines to find support 找支持势线draw lines to find trends 画走势线earnings outlook 盈利潜能earnings per share 第股盈利earnings trend 赢利趋势economic uncertainty 经济不稳定exercise price 认购价exercise the option 行使有关期权external factor 外在因素financial ratios 财务比率financial strength 财务实力forward contract 远期合同fundamental analysis 基本面分析fundamental of the company 公司的基本面future price movement 未来股价走势futures contract 期货合同hire-purchase company 租赁信托公司historical records 历史记录income statement 损益表stock return 股票回报stock trading 股票交易strong economic growth强势经济增长superior returns 优厚的回报supply-demand balance 供求平衡sustain a loss 蒙受亏损balance sheet items 资产与负债表的项目indicator 指标，指数information economy 信息经济initial public stock offerings 公开发行的原始股intrinsic value 实际价值investor 投资人issue additional stock 增发股票joint stock company 合股公司market factor 市场因素market movement 市场行情market prices 市场价格market system 市场经济体制move in a uptrend 持续攀升normal economic forces 正常经济力量option 期权overwhelming evidence 非常明确的证据part – owner 合伙股东price movements 股价走势price of a stock 股价price of the call 买进期权的价格price of the put 卖出期权的价格price – earnings ratio 价格收益比率professional investor 专业投资者proxy 代理投票sell short the shares 卖空股票sequence of analysis 分析的先后顺序share price 股价shareholder 股东size of the loss 亏损程度stock exchange 证券交易所stock information 股票信息stock market 股市stock price 股价tech stock 高科技股票technical analysis 技术分析undervalued 贬值的unstableness of market 市场不稳定upward price trend 股价逐步升高volume of a stock 成交量voting power 表决权share, equity, stock 股票、股权bond, debenture, debts 债券negotiable share 可流通股份convertible bond 可转换债券treasury/ government bond 国库券/ 政府债券corporate bond 企业债券closed – end securities investment fund封闭式证券投资基金open – end securities investment fund 开放式证券投资基金fund manager 基金经理/ 管理公司fund custodian bank 基金托管银行market capitalization 市值p/ e (price/ earning) ratio 市盈率mark – to – market 逐日盯市payment versus delivery 银券交付clearing and settlement 清算/ 结算commodity/ financial derivatives 商品/ 金融衍生产品put/ call option 看跌/ 看涨期权margins, collateral 保证金rights issue/ offering 配股bonus share 红股dividend 红利/ 股息ADR (American Depository Receipt) 美国存托凭证/ 存股证GDR (Global Depository Receipt) 全球存托凭证/ 存股证retail/ private investor 个人投资者/ 散户institutional investor 机构投资者broker/ dealer 券商proprietary trading 自营insider trading/ dealing 内幕交易market manipulation 市场操纵prospectus 招股说明书IPO (Initial Public Offering) 新股/ 初始公开发行merger and acquisition 收购兼并marketing concept 营销观念，营销概念marketing program 营销计划marketing mix 营销组合marketing channel 营销渠道marketing research 市场调研，营销调研target market 目标市场marketer 市场商人，商家production-oriented 面向生产的consumer-oriented 面向消费者的consumer satisfaction 消费者感到满意distribution system 销售系统，分销渠道distribution channel 销售渠道sales force 销售队伍promotion 促销advertising 广告personal selling 向个人推销publicity 宣传，媒体宣传sales promotion 促销promotion activity 促销活动demonstration 展示，展示会sweepstake 抽奖free sample 免费赠送的样品coupon 赠券，订货附单resaler 转售商intermediary 中间商，中间人middleman 中间商，中间人mass selling 大批销售research method 研究方法potential customer 潜在客户primary data 原始数据，原始资料，第一手资料consumer reaction 消费者的反应inventory control 存货，库存warehousing 仓储storing 储存grading 分类，分级risk taking 承担风险wholesale 批发retail 零售to identify customer needs 认清客户需求to obtain information 获得信息to collect/ gather data 收集资料to interpret data 分析资料to run the risk of failure 冒失败的风险tangible product 有形产品intangible product 无形产品consumer product 消费产品industrial product 工业产品，供工业使用的产品competing product 竞争产品sample product 样品产品potential product 潜在产品life cycle of a product 产品生命周期introduction 引入期growth 成长期maturity 成熟期decline 衰退期potential profitability 潜在获利可能性marketing mix 营销组合promotion 促销promotion cost 促销成本gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值research and development (R&D) 研究与开发market research 市场调查product development 产品开发text marketing 试营销customer loyalty 顾客忠诚度distribution channels 销售渠道consumer taste 消费者爱好buying motive 购买动机purchasing habits 购买习惯expert examination专家鉴定opinion leader 引导舆论的专家或行家packaging 包装brand 商标，牌号label 标识，标签to make a purchase 购买to fend off competitors 排除竞争者to break even 收支相抵，持平to meet the needs and expectations of customers 满足消费者的需求和期望to be outdated 过时ad valorem tariff 从价关税balance of payment 国际收支balance – of – payments deficit 国际收支逆差bill of exchange 汇票business norms 商业准则capital resources 资本财源commercial credit 商业信用competitive advantage 竞争优势conflicts of interest 利益矛盾consumer protection 消费者保护currency 货币customs duty 关税deficit 逆差depreciate 贬值documentary credit 跟单信用证domestic demand 国内需求domestic trade 国内贸易dominate 支配，占优势dumping 倾销economic motivation 经济动机encash 兑现ethnocentric 种族中心倾向excessive interventionism 过度干预主义exchange rate 兑换率export intelligence department 出口信息部export market 出口市场export subsidies 出口补贴exportable commodities 可供出口的商品favorable balance of payments 国际收支顺差financial assistance 财政资助fluctuation 波动foreign currency 外币free interflow 自由流通free trading system 自由贸易体系government intervention 政府干预government purchases政府采购high technology 高科技技术import commitment 进口承诺importing agent 进口代理商importing and exporting firms 进出口公司importing channel 进口渠道independent currency system 独立货币体系infant industry argument 幼稚工业保护论international trade 国际贸易intervene with trade 干预贸易interventionist 干涉主义者invisible trade 无形贸易locally produced products 本地生产的产品market economy 市场经济mercantilism 营利主义mercantilist theory 重商主义者的理论merchant 商人monetary conversion 货币兑换national security 国家安全nonsubsidized industry 非补贴工业profit margins 利润幅度quota 配额redistribution of resources 资源重新分配register of shipping 船籍登记relative differences 相对差异retaliatory tariff 报复性关税run deficits 遭受逆差separate treatment 分别对待start – up period 起步阶段surplus 顺差tariff for retaliation 报复关税tariff 关税technical assistance 技术协助trade barrier 贸易壁垒Trade Protectionism 贸易保护主义trade restrictions 贸易限制trade surplus 贸易顺差trade theory 贸易理论trade – expanding devices 贸易扩张手段trade – restricting devices 贸易限制手段trading partner 贸易伙伴unfamiliar territories 陌生的地域unfavorable 逆差的values of imports 进口价值visible trade 有形贸易welfare economy 福利经济welfare state 福利国家career planning 职业计划career path 职业道路career development 职业发展self-assessment 自我评价career anchors 职业动机incentive compensation 奖金profit sharing 分红制frequency rate 频率stress 紧张role conflict 角色冲突union 工会local union 地方工会craft union 行业工会industrial union 产业工会national union 全国工会bargaining union 谈判组collective bargaining 劳资谈判arbitration 仲裁strike 罢工internal employee relations 内部员工关系discipline 纪律disciplinary action 纪律处分grievance 申诉demotion 降职transfer 调动promotion 晋升corporate culture 企业文化organizational culture 企业文化esprit de corps [法]团结精神；集体精神sense of identity 认同感sense of togetherness 团结一致的感觉shared values 员工共同拥有的价值观念organizational motto 企业格言role models 模范；学习榜样number 1 rule 最重要的规则；头等大事informal system of rules 不成文的规章制度bureaucracy 官僚主义company uniform 公司制服probation period 试用期proving period 证明自己的阶段；试用期standard of performance 衡量工作表现或业绩的标准quality product 优质产品timely service 及时服务rites and rituals 仪式employee stock ownership plan 员工拥有股份的计划profit-sharing program 利润分享方案to indoctrinate 灌输信仰或意识to brainwash 洗脑to communicate culture 传播企业文化to promote corporate culture 促进企业文化to fashion a specific value system 形成具体的价值体系to emulate somebody 学习某人to motivate employees 激励员工organization development, OD 组织发展survey feedback 调查反馈quality circles 质量圈management by objective, MBO 目标管理Total Quality Management, TQM 全面质量管理team building 团队建设cohesive force in enterprise 企业凝聚力detail management 细节管理core value 核心价值corporate principle 企业准则organizational effectiveness 机构效能result oriented 结果定向stability 稳定性innovation 创新initiative 主动human relationship 人际关系competitive 竞争enterprising 进取心loyalty 忠诚ambition 雄心cooperation 合作integrity 诚信teamwork 团队execution 执行tenacity 坚韧glory 辉煌ethics 道德标准business concept 经营理念cohesive force in enterprise 企业凝聚力corporate image (CI) / enterprise image 企业形象EOI 意向申请。
英语惯用法give sb the axe解雇某人 give sb. an axe给某人一把斧头get the bag被解雇 get a bag弄到一个袋子be on the bench当法官/当主教 be on a bench在长凳上give sb.the bird嘘某人/解雇某人 give sb.a bird给某人一只鸟take the cake获奖/超出任何人 take a cake拿一个饼子get the cane被用藤条等打一顿 get a cane弄到一根藤条be in the cart处于困境之中 be in a cart在手推车里take the chair主持会议 take a chair搬走一把椅子be with child怀孕 be with a child和一个孩子在一起go to church做礼拜. go to the church去教堂工作/办事have a cold/catch (a) cold/take cold感冒go to college上大学 go to the college去大学上班/办事out of the common异乎寻常 in common with与……有共同点be in command/control of指挥/控制……(主动)be in the command/control of由……指挥(被动)in consequence of/as a consequence 因为in contempt of不顾 in (the) court在法庭上in course of正在……中 in the course of在……期间at the court在宫廷/朝廷里 hold court上朝/开庭on (the) court在球场 pay court to sb.向某人求爱take sb. to court起诉某人 place credit in相信by courtesy of sb.经某人允许with the courtesy of sb.由某人赠送be in custody被拘留 be in the custody由某人照看on credit赊账 give sb. credit for为……而赞扬某人be a credit to为……增光 on the decline在衰退中in the dark(=in the darkness)在黑暗中/不知情on the decrease在下降中 in the defense of保卫at a distance/in the distance在远处from a distance从远处 fight to the death战斗到死in the dock在被告席上 in dock在船坞中down to earth实际 on earth究竟take a flight做一次飞行. take flight逃跑chew fat吃肥肉 chew the fat闲谈/发牢骚afte/in a fashion以某种方式 in fashion正时髦in the fashion赶时髦 out of fashion过时at fault有错/有毛病 to a fault过头/过火find fault with sb.挑剔某人 in full完整地to the full尽情地 in front of a place在某地前(在外面) in the front of a place在某地前面(在里面)be in green穿绿衣服 be make a fuss about sth.对某事大惊小怪make a fuss of sb.娇惯某人in the green处于青春期/血气方刚by guess靠猜 at a guess猜一猜 down to the ground非常适合in haste匆忙地. keep the house足不出户 keep house for sb.为某人管家 on the increase在上升中 at a loss不知所错keep the house for sb.为某人看守房子 in a minute很快to a minute准时 take office就职，掌权 in the pink身体健康in nature究竟 leave office辞职 leave the office离开办公室go to pot破产，完蛋 go to the pot朝锅子走去give sb. a push推某人一把 give sb. the push解雇某人out of question没问题 out of the question不可能/有问题 by reason of因为give rise to导致 leave school毕业leave the school离开某个学校 go to a stool朝小凳子走go to sea当水手 go to the sea去海滨 go to stool上厕所 in store储存/存在 in the store在商店里 be at table在吃饭 be at the table在伏案工作 in ward监护 in a ward在病房里英语习语as strong as a horse力壮如牛 a black sheep 害群之马live a dog’s life过着牛不如马的生活it is like casting pearls before swine这简直是对牛弹琴as stubborn as donkey/mule 犟得像头牛as plentiful as blackberries 多如牛毛as wet as drowned rat湿的像落汤鸡kill the goose that lays the golden eggs杀鸡取卵look for needle in a haystack 大海捞针a cat on hot tin bricks热锅上的蚂蚁as thin as a shadow=as lean as a rake骨瘦如柴as poor as a church mouse 穷得像叫花子as timid as a rabbit/hare胆小如鼠they are birds of a feather他们是一丘之貉it is just like fishing in the air这简直像水中捞月a duck to water 如鱼得水 as heavy as lead重如铁as foolish /silly/stupid as a goose 蠢得像头猪as slippery as an eel滑的像条泥鳅gild a lily画蛇添足 a lion in the way 拦路虎come in like a lion and go out like a lamb虎头蛇尾set a fox to keep your goose 引狼入室no smoking without fire 无风不起浪cry up wine while selling vinegar挂羊头卖狗肉laugh off one’s head 笑掉大牙in threes and fours 三五成群 in one or two words 三言两语in twos and threes三三两两 one in a thousand 百里挑一at sixes and sevens乱七八糟 a rat in a hole 瓮中捉鳖a stone’s throw一箭之遥 as dumb as an oyster守口如瓶as drunk as a sailor/bear/mouse 烂醉如泥spend money like water挥金如土kick down the ladder过河拆桥look for grass on the top of the oak 缘木求鱼make mountains out mole hills 小题大做two heads are better than one 三个臭皮匠，胜过一个诸葛亮in the land of the blind ,the one-eyed man is king山中无老虎，猴子称霸王One swallow does not make a summer 一花独放不是春Money can make the mare (to ) go 有钱能使鬼推磨Every dog has his day 凡人都有得意日(或开心日)Many hands make light work众人拾柴火焰高Out of sight ,out of mind 眼不见，心不烦Justice has long arms天网恢恢，疏而不漏Diamond cut diamond 棋逢对手Fine feather make fire birds 佛要金装，人要衣装New brooms sweep clean 新官上任三把火It never rains ,but pours祸不单行as merry as crickets快活似神仙the apple of one’s eye掌上明珠they hope that their son will become somebody他们望子成龙I have a card up/in my sleeve我胸有成竹They went through fire and water 他们赴汤蹈火商务英语词汇大全（一）economist 经济学家 socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济 collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济 controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 经济mixed economy 混合经济 political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分 private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分 economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡 economic fluctuation 经济波动economic policy 经济政策 economic recovery 经济复原economic depression 经济衰退 understanding 约定economic stability 经济稳定 concentration 集中holding company 控股公司 rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设 stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气standard of living 生活标准,生活水平 scarcity 短缺purchasing power, buying power 购买力underdevelopment 不发达 underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的 initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金 frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产 real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产 capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金 calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配 contribution of funds 资金捐献revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金 reserve fund 准备金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金 sinking fund 偿债基金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金 investment 投资,资产investor 投资人 self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行 current account 经常帐户（美作:checking account）current-account holder 支票帐户（美作:checking-account holder）cheque 支票（美作:check） crossed cheque 划线支票bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票 cash 现金cheque book 支票簿,支票本（美作:checkbook）endorsement 背书 money 货币 issue 发行transfer 转让,转帐,过户 ready money 现钱ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱 banknote, note 钞票,纸币（美作:bill）to pay （in） cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency本国货币convertibility 可兑换性 convertible currencies 可兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率 foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率 free exchange rates 汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货 speculation 投机 saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值 devaluation（货币）贬值revaluation 重估价 runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩 capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场 stock exchange 贡市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所 share 股份,贡stock exchange 证券交易所,贡交易所 quotation 报价,牌价shareholder, stockholder 贡持有人,股东 dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股 stock investment 贡投资investment trust 投资信托 stock-jobber 贡经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券 assigned 过户 opening price 开盘share, common stock 普通股 preference stock 优先股income gain股利收入 issue发行贡 bull 买手, 多头par value 股面价格, 票面价格 bear 卖手, 空头closing price 收盘 hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退 doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整 ease 松弛 raising limit 涨停板 break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券 Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款 long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款 lender 债权人 creditor 债权人debtor 债务人, 借方 borrower 借方,借款人 borrowing 借款interest 利息 rate of interest 利率 discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现 annuity 年金 maturity 到期日,偿还日insurance 保险 redemption 偿还 mortgage 抵押amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付 allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷 consolidated debt合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务 floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存 aid 援助 cost 成本,费用allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出 fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本 overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本 income 收入,收益operating expenses 营业费用 charges 社会负担费用running expenses日常费用,经营费用 earnings 利润,收益miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用 apportionment of expenses 分摊费用gross income, gross earnings总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额 average income平均收入national income 国收入 profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率 yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值 duty 税taxation system 税制 taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收 progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税 value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税 land tax 地租,地价税 excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准 taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查 tax-free 免税的 tax exemption 免税taxpayer 纳税人 tax collector 收税员instruction, education 教育 culture 文化primary education 初等教育 secondary education 中等教育higher education 高等教育 school year 学年term, trimester 学季 semester 学期 school day 教学日school holidays 假期 curriculum 课程 subject 学科discipline 纪律 timetable 课程表 class, lesson 课homework 家庭作业 exercise 练习 dictation 听写spelling mistake 拼写错误（short） course 短训班seminar 研讨班 playtime, break 课间,休息to play truant, to play hooky 逃学,旷课course （of study）学业 student body 学生（总称）classmate, schoolmate 同学 pupil 小学生 student 大学生schoolboy 男生 schoolgirl 女生 auditor 旁听生grant, scholarship, fellowship 奖学金holder of a grant, scholar, fellow 奖学金获得者school uniform 校服 teaching staff 教育工作者（总称）teachers 教师（总称） primary school teacher 小学老师matriculation 注册 to enroll, to enroll 予以注册to learn by heart 记住,掌握 convocation notice 考试通知examiner 考试者 board of examiners 考试团examination oral, written examination 口试,笔试question 问题 question paper 试卷 crib 夹带（美作:trot）prizegiving 分配奖品 to fall an examination 未通过考试to repeat a year 留级 degree 学位 project, thesis 毕业论文General Certificate of Education 中学毕业证书（美作:high school diploma）holder of the General Certificate of Education 中学毕业生（美作:holder of a high school diploma）doctorate 博士学位 doctor 博士competitive examination 答辩考试 Chinese 语文 English 英语Japanese日语 mathematics 数学 science 理科gymnastics 体育 history 历史 algebra 代数 geometry 几何geography 地理 biology生物 chemistry 化学 physics 物理physical geography 地球物理 literature 文学sociology 社会学 psychology 心理学 philosophy 哲学engineering 工程学mechanical engineering 机械工程学 electronic engineering 电子工程学medicine 医学 social science 社会科学 agriculture 农学astronomy 天文学 economics 经济学 politics 政治学commercial science 商学 biochemistry 生物化学anthropology 人类学 linguistics 语言学 accounting 会计学 law, jurisprdence 法学 banking 银行学 metallurgy冶金学 finance 财政学 mass-communication 大众传播学journalism 新闻学 atomic energy 原子能学 civil engineering 土木工程 architecture 建筑学 chemical, engineering 化学工程 accounting and statisics 会计统计business administration 工商管理 library 图书馆学diplomacy 外交 foreign language 外文 botany 植物major 主修 minor 辅修 school 学校 kindergarten 幼儿园 infant school 幼儿学校 primary school, junior school 小学 secondary school 中学 high school, secondary school 专科学校 business school 商业学校 technical school工业学校technical college 专科学校（university） campus 大学university 大学 boarding school 供膳宿的学校day school日校,无宿舍学校,走读学校day student who has lunch at school 提供午餐的走读学生academy 专科学院 faculty 系 hall of residence 学校公寓classroom 教室 lecture theatre 阅览室（美作:lecture theater）amphitheatre 阶梯教室（美作:amphitheater）staff room 教研室 hall 礼堂 library 图书馆 playground 操场headmaster's study, headmaster's office 校长办公室（assembly）desk 课桌 chalk 粉笔 slate pencil 石板笔 wall map 挂图 skeleton map 廓图,示意图 globe 地球仪 text book 课本 dictionary 词典 encyclopedia 百科全书 atlas 地图集 satchel 书包 exercise book 练习本rough not book 草稿本（美作:scribbling pad）blotting paper 吸墨纸 tracing paper 描图纸squared paper, graph paper 坐标纸（fountain） pen 自来水笔biro, ballpoint （pen）圆珠笔 pencil 铅笔 propelling pencil自动铅笔 pencil sharpener 铅笔刀,转笔刀ink 墨水 blackboard 黑板 vacancy 空缺, 空额work permit 工作许可证 application（for a job）求职to apply for a job 求职, 找工作 to engage, to employ 雇用work contract 劳务合同 industrial accident 劳动事故occupational disease 职业病 vocational guidance 职业指导vocational training 职业训练 employee 职员retraining, reorientation, rehabilitation 再训练, 再培训holidays, holiday, vacation 假期labor costs, labor input 劳力成本permanent worker 长期工, 固定工 personnel, staff 人员clerk, office worker 办公室人员 salary earner 雇佣工人workman 工人 organized labor 参加工会的工人skilled worker 技术工人 unskilled worker 非技术工人specialized worker 熟练工人 farm worker 农场工人 laborer worker 农业工人 day laborer 日工 seasonal worker 季节工 collaborator 合作者 foreman 工头apprentice 学徒工 apprenticeship 学徒 night shift 夜班artisan, craftsman 工匠 specialist 专家shortage of labor, shortage of manpower 缺乏劳力working class 工人阶级 proletarian 无产者proletariat 无产阶级 guild 行会,同会,公会trade union 工会（美作:labor union）收入 revenue trade unionist 工团主义者 trade unionism 工团主义association, society, union 协会 emigration 移,移居employer 雇主,老板 labor law 劳工法representative 代表 works council 劳资联合委员会working day, workday 工作日full-time employment, full-time job, full-time work 全天工作part-time employment, part-time job, part-time work 半日工作working hours 工作时间 overtime 业余时间 remuneration 报酬pay, wage, salary 工资 wage index工资指数minimum wage 最低工资 basic wage基础工资gross wages 全部收入 net, real wages实际收入hourly wages, wage rate per hour计时工资monthly wages 月工资 weekly wages 周工资piecework wage 计件工资 daily wages 日工资maximum wage 最高工资（美作:wage ceiling）sliding scale 按物价计酬法 payment in kind 用实物付酬premium, bonus, extra pay 奖励 payday 发工资日, 付薪日pay slip工资单 payroll薪水册 unemployment benefit 失业救济old-age pension 退休金,养老金 retirement 退休 claims 要求strike 罢工 striker 罢工者 go-slow 怠工（美作:slow-down）lockout 停工（业主为抵制工人的要求而停工staggered strike 阶段性罢工 strike picket 罢工纠察队员strike pay 罢工津贴（由工会给的） sanction 制裁strikebreaker, blackleg 破坏罢工者 unemployment 失业down tools, sit-down strike 静坐 dismissal 开除,解雇demonstration, manifestation 示威 receptionist 接待员seasonal unemployment 季节性失业 key puncher 电脑操作员underemployment 不充分就业 unemployed man 失业者（个人）the unemployed 失业者(集体） negotiation 谈判to discharge, to dismiss 辞退,开除,解雇 typist 打字员to terminate a contract 结束合同,结束契约collective bargaining 劳资双方就工资等问题谈判delivery boy 送报员 secretary 秘书 policeman 警察journalist 记者 editor 编辑 interpreter 通译者director 导演 talent 星探 actor 男演员 actress 女演员photographer 摄影师 scholar 学者 translator 翻译家novelist 小说家 playwright 剧作家 linguist 语言学家botanist 植物学家 economist 经济学家 chemist 化学家scientist 科学家 philosopher 哲学家 politician 政治学家physicist 物理学家 anthropologist 人类学家 archaeologist 考古学家 geologist 地质学家 expert on folklore俗学家mathematician 数学家 biologist 生物学家 zoologist 动物学家statistician 统计 anthropologist 人类学家 musician 音乐家archaeologist 考古学家 geologist 地质学家 painter 画家mathematician 数学家 biologist 生物学家 zoologist 动物学家statistician 统计学家 physiologist 生理学家 singer 歌唱家futurologist 未来学家 artists 艺术家composer 作曲家designer计学家 physiologist 生理学家 futurologist 未来学家artists 艺术家 painter 画家 sculptor 雕刻家designer 服装设计师 fashion coordinator 时装调配师dressmaker 女装裁剪师 cutter 裁剪师 sewer 裁缝师tailor 西装师傅 beautician 美容师 model 模特ballerina 芭蕾舞星 detective 刑警 chief of police 警察局长taxi driver 出租车司机 clerk 店员 mailman 邮差newspaper boy 报童 bootblack 擦鞋童 poet 诗人copywriter 撰稿人 producer 制片人 newscaster 新闻评论人milkman 送奶人 merchant 商人 florist 卖花人 baker 面包师greengrocer 菜贩 fish-monger 鱼贩 butcher 肉贩shoe-maker 鞋匠 saleswoman 女店员 stewardess 空中小姐conductor 车掌 station agent 站长 porter 行李夫car mechanic 汽车修理师 civil engineer 土木技师architect 建筑师 civil planner 城市设计师 guide 导游druggist, chemist, pharmacist 药剂师 oil supplier 加油工（public） health nurse 保健护士 dentist 牙科医生supervisor 监工 doctor 医生 nurse 护士宏观经济的 macroeconomic 通货膨胀 inflation破产 insolvency 合同 contract 汇率 exchange rate有偿还债务能力的 solvent 紧缩信贷 tighten credit creation 私营部门 private sector 宽松的财政政策 slack fiscal policy财政管理机构 fiscal authorities 税法 tax bill财政 public finance 财政部 the Ministry of Finance平衡预算 balanced budget 继承税 inheritance tax增值税 VAT （value added tax）总需求 aggregate demand。
