商务英语翻译之词汇翻译
I.词义的选择
（一）根据汉语的表达习惯确定词义
1. a low figure 小数目
2. workers on low incomes 低收入工人
3. The simplest way to succeed in business is to buy low and sell high. 生意成功最简单的途径就是贱买贵卖。
4. The value of the pound has fallen to a new low against the dollar. 英镑兑换美元的比值已跌到新的（最）低点。
5.We sell cheap quality goods.
我们销售物美价廉商品。
6.We have made you an offer at a very competitive price.
我方已按很低的价格向贵方报盘。
7.You will find our prices for these goods very popular.
贵方将会看出我方此批货物的价格是很便宜的。
（一）根据汉语的表达习惯确定词义
1.Please make us your lowest quotation for bikes.
请报自行车最低价。
2.If you feel interested in our business proposal, please send us the samples together with your best terms and conditions.
如对我方业务建议有兴趣，请寄样品，并告最惠条款。
3.As we have quoted you our rock-bottom price, we can’t give you any more discount.
如对我方业务建议有兴趣，请寄样品，并告最惠条款。
（二）根据词性确定词义
1. He gets a 10% commission on everything he sells.
他每卖一件商品得百分之十的佣金。
2. Party B is commissioned by the manufacturers to buy steel plates.
乙方受制造厂家的委托购买钢板。
3. Those who come early to the sale get first choice.
这次大贱卖，早到的顾客可优先选购。
4. Our products are manufactured from the choice grades of material and will satisfy you in every respect.
我方产品均用上等材料制成，因此，在各方面都会使贵方满意。
（三）根据专业来确定词义
1. The premium rates vary with differed interests insured.
标的的不同而有所差异。
2. Bank interest rates are going to rise this month.
银行利率在本月要上调。
3. His business interests are very extensive.
他在多家企业中拥有股份。
4. Due diligence should be done before finalizing any large investment or acquisition.
Due diligence 按字面的意思就是“应有的勤奋”，而在企业融资领域里，是指律师、会计师等专业人员和知识审核有关资料是否准备齐全的一个过程，业内通常译为“尽职调查”或“审慎调查”。
在确定大笔投资或收购前需要进行尽职调查。
5. The terms of the transaction have been negotiated on an arm’s length basis.
on an arm’s length basis （法律用语）并非按一般英汉字典上的解释“同对方保持一定距离”，而是引申作“正常、公平的交易”。
交易条款按照公平原则商订。
6. The company has raised its joint venture equity to 70% to gain management control, which has tripled its initial investment and is now expanding its product range and manufacturing capacity to meet growing demands.
equity 通常指“公正，公平”的意思，而在金融市场上指的是企业资产中所占的股份。
initial investment是商贸中常用的术语，通常译为“先期投资”或“预付款”，而不是“一开始的投资”。
公司将其在合资企业的股份增至70%，以获得管理控制权，这使其先期投资增加了两倍，而且现在正在扩大产品范围和生产能力来满足不断增长的需求。（四）根据词的搭配关系和上下文来确定词义
以一个常见的词为例：account
可指“账户、客户、生意往来关系”，复数则可指“账目、会计部门、账款”等，它在不同搭配或上下文中可有不同的含义：
1.Accounts payable is created when a firm deals with suppliers who extend credit.
公司与供货商交易时因其提供赊销而产生应付账款。
2. The company is one of our major accounts, so we should do our best to satisfy their needs.
那家公司是我们的主要客户之一，因此我们得尽可能满足他们的需求。
3. The CFO was accused of falsifying the company accounts.
财务总监被控伪造公司账目。
4. She works in accounts.
她在会计部门工作。
5. The newly established company opened an account in HSBC.
这个新成立的公司在汇丰银行开立了账户。
II.词义的引申（extension）
1. Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有苦有甜。
2. sleep deficit 睡眠不足
词义的引申——在一个词原始意义的基础上，根据上下文和逻辑关系进一步加以引申，选择适当确切的译语词汇来表达，避免生搬硬套地逐字死译。（一）词义的转化
翻译时，如果完全生搬硬套词典给出的字面意义，对号入座，会使译文生硬晦涩，含糊不清，甚至不知所云。因此，有时应根据上下文和原词的字面意义，做适当的转化。
1.These days, the U.S. economy isn’t “graduating enough scientists to
fill the need of the coming decades,” says Charles C. Leighton, “That’s a real concern.”
近来，美国在经济发展过程中“未培养出足够的科学家来满足今后几十年发展的需要，”查尔斯·C·莱顿说，“这才是真正需要关注的问题。”（graduate 由“毕业”转化为“培养”。）
2. The factors which are likely to influence investment spending do not stop here.
可能影响投资开支的因素并不止这些。（do not stop here由“不停留在这里”转化为“并不止这些”。）
3. Our products, if maintained properly and regularly, can at least see twenty years’ service.
我们的产品如果适当地定期检修，至少可以使用二十年。
4. The huge increase in oil prices in the 1970s cast a cloud over the development plans of many developing nations.
20世纪70年代石油价格猛涨，给许多发展中国家的经济发展计划投下一抹阴影。Cloud在现代英语里可以表示“使人产生未曾想到的伤心或不愉快”。故本句如此引申。
（二）词义的具体化
词义的具体化——把原义抽象笼统的词语，根据译语的表达习惯，引申为意义明确具体的词语。
1.Now t hat the merger of “dot and com” has created so many young
millionaires, there’s a new topic: venture capital.
既然网络公司的兼并造就了如此多的年轻百万富翁，我们面临一个新话题：风险资本。
（一般公司网址都有“dot and com”，所以此处具体引申为“网络公司”。）
2.All the wit and learning in the economic circle will be present at the
seminar.
经济界的所有专家学者将出席这次研讨会。（wit and learning 由抽象的“智慧与学识”引申为具体的“专家学者”。）
3.There is more to their life than political and social and economic
problems, more than transient everydayness.
他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题，远不止一时的柴米油盐问题。（everydayness“平淡无奇”，此处具体引申为“柴米油盐”）
4. The Board tried its best to improve the balance sheet of the company.
董事会已尽最大努力改善本公司的整体财务状况。
（ balance sheet由抽象名词“资产负债表” 具体引申为“整体财务状况” 。）
（三）词义的抽象化
词义的抽象化——将表示具体形象的词作概括性的引申，译成意义抽象的词。现代英语常用表示具体形象的词指代一种属性，一种概念或一个事物，翻译时宜作抽象化处理，使译文更加自然流畅。
1. The interest rates have seesawed between 10 and 15 per cent.
利率一直在 10％到15％之间不断波动。
（see-saw 由“跷跷板一上一下的交替摆动”抽象化为“波动”。）
2. Everyone knows that John lost his shirt when the business he had invested failed.
大家都知道，约翰生意失败后就倾家荡产了。
(lose his shirt 由“丢了一件衬衫”引申为“失去一切。）
3. CEO Finklestein: He needs to pull a rabbit out of his hat to save the company.
首席执行官芬克尔斯坦说：他需要回天之术来挽救公司。
（pull a rabbit out of his hat 原义为“从自己的帽子里抓出一只兔子来”，在此引申为“像耍魔术一样拿出一种不同凡响的解决办法”。）
4.The owner’s son has the inside track for the job.
老板的儿子有优先获得这项工作的权利。（inside track 由“内圈跑道”抽象化为“优先的权利”。）
5. The EEC’s Common Agricultural Policy is a dinosaur which is adding ￡13.50 a week to the food bill of the average British family.
欧洲经济共同体的共同农业政策早已不合时宜，因为它要使英国家庭平均每周在食品开销上多支出13.50英镑。
（dinosaur 由“恐龙”抽象化为“要被废弃的的落后的庞然大物”。）
III.词类转换法（conversion）
词类转换指的是词性和表现方法的改变。
英语中不少词类，如名词、动名词、介词、形容词、副词等在英译汉时往往需要进行一定的调整，转译成汉语动词。当然，英语的名词化和汉语的动词化并不排除在英译汉时把英语动词转化成汉语的名词。
1. I have the honor to inform you that the new products of yours have entered the international markets.
我荣幸地告诉你，贵公司的新产品已经打入了国际市场。（英语名词转换成汉语副词）
2.The cost of making goods can be drastically lowered by means of
mass-production.
通过批量生产可以大幅度降低生产产品的成本。（英语介词转化成汉语动词）3.A government report targets earnings from industry at US $ 200 billion by 2008.
政府的一份报告提出一个目标：到2008年，要使工业收入达到 2000 亿美元。（英语动词转换成汉语名词）
4. Advertising affects tremendously every sphere of modern life.
广告对现代生活的方方面面产生极大的影响。（英语副词转换成汉语形容词）5.The fair price connected with the superiority of varieties of our
products will be able to guarantee our competitive edge in the international market.
我方产品种类繁多，品质优良，价格合理，能够确保在国际市场的竞争优势。（英
语名词转换成汉语形容词）
IV. 视角转化法
1. riot police 防暴警察
2. crisis law 反危机法
3. Students are still arriving. 学生还没有到齐。
4. Don’t stop running. 继续跑。
5. Inflation is Target of Bank’s New Policy （China Daily 标题）
反通货膨胀是银行新政的目标。
6. arms conference 裁军会议
7. bench warmer “冷板凳”队员（替补队员）
视角转化法（Shift of Perspectives）
视角转换——在不涉及特殊文化背景因素的情况下，用译语意义替代原语意义，重组原语信息的表层形式，转换表达角度，使译文更符合汉语习惯，更易于被读者接受，更有利于译文预期功能的实现。
视角转换技巧除了包括肯定句与否定句之间的相互转换，还包括其他与原文不同或相反的表达角度。
1.With the winter coming, many fashion stores start to sell warm clothes.
冬天即将来临，许多商店开始销售寒衣了。
（此处 warm clothes 不译为“暖和的衣服”，经视角转换后译为“御寒的衣服，寒衣”。）2. Party A shall have a right of first refusal whenever party B wishes to sell any of its shares in the Group.
乙方任何时候有意出售其持有之本集团任何股份，甲方一律拥有优先购买权。
（如果把 right of first refusal 刻译成“优先拒绝权”，则有失准确，必须经过视角转换把它译成“优先购买权”才符合行业规范。）
3. We offer to take ten percent off if your order is big enough.
如果贵方订单足够大，我方可提供9折优惠。
（ take ten percent off 本义为“把价格扣除百分之十”，利用视角转换法可翻译成“打九折”。）
4. The supermarket designated quite a few pick-up points in some comparatively densely populated communities in suburban areas.
全国商务英语翻译统一考试 初级笔译试题 注意事项 1. 请首先按要求在试题卷和答题卷的标封处填写姓名、准考证号等； 2. 请仔细阅读题目要求进行答题，答案写在答题卷上； 3. 请保持卷面整洁，不要在标封区填写无关内容； 4. 答题时间为150分钟。 Part I Translate the following sentences into English or into Chinese. 1.早在1910年，通用电器就开始与中国发展贸易，被认为是最活跃和最有影响力的在华外国企业之一。 2.近年来，中泰两国国民经济发展迅速，为两国的经济、贸易合作提供了良好的基础。 3.本合同用中、英两种文字写成，每种文字正本两份。两种文本具有同等效力，签字后双方各执中、英文本一份为凭。 4.布朗先生曾经能吃能睡，但现在由于作为领导责任重大而变得吃不下睡不好。 5.由于我们也要支付我们供货商的货款，因此您的还款期限不能再延长了。 6.Do not ask questions that respondents feel are rude or embarrassing. If such questions are necessary, people should be offered the chance to say that they prefer not to answer. What constitutes an invasive question will vary from culture to culture. 7. He knew this guy was a smart political worker. But he was hard to control. In fact, he was a loose cannon who might do more damage to his side than the man he was running against. 8. As a region with the largest number of developed countries, the EU boasts abundant capital and advanced technology. Therefore, both the EU countries and China enjoy a high degree of complementarities in economic, trade, scientific and technological fields. 9. I had the honour of attending the opening ceremony of the Beijing Y outh Palace earlier this week and was proud to see that Compaq was making such a large contribution to China’s youth. 10. Though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we cite the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor car! PartⅡTranslate the following passages into Chinese. Passage 1 On behalf of the U.S. Department of Commerce and the Association for Manufacturing Technology, I would extend my greetings to the seventh China International Machine Tool Show (CIM T—2010), and welcome the visitors to the U.S. Pavilion. We are proud of our U.S. Pavilion, where 170 U.S. exhibitors are displaying the latest world class machine tool technology and related manufacturing services. The technology and services demonstrated here are the primary building blocks for industrialization in every nation of the
商务英语翻译技能等级考试英汉词汇表 （以英语字母顺序排序） 翻译员（五级）所要掌握的词汇为5 高级翻译员（四级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4 助理翻译师（三级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4+3 翻译师（二级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4+3+2 A 4 权力委托 5 旷工，旷职 2 绝对配额 3 绝对值 5 吸收，减轻（冲击、困难等）作用或影响 3 吸收游资 5 ; 摘要 2 承兑费 2 不记名承兑 3 承兑信用证 3 抽样认可 4 ; 承兑银行 4 进入市场（的机会） 5 意外事故 3 无法控制的意外事故 3 意外事故保险 4 意外损坏 4 设施；住宿；欠单 3 顺民意；合民情 5 会计帐目 4 账户结金 5 账本（账册、账簿） 3 客户经理（常指广告公司） 5 解释；说明 4 账目编号；账户号码 2 结欠清单 5 账户名称 5 会计工作；会计行业 5 会计 5 会计长 5 会计学 3 会计档案 5 往来帐目 2 账目不清
3 应付账 4 应收账 2 ; ; 应付费用 4 累计资本 3 资本积累 2 累计佣金 5 收购 5 行动计划 2 盘活基础设施存量资产 5 畅销 3 出口加工贸易 5 成交活跃的股票 3 ; 贸易顺差 5 业务类型 3 实际成本 4 实际交货 4 时价；实际价格；实价 4 实际全损 2 ( ) 从价税 3 ; 附加费用 4 额外投资 2 附加保险费 2 追加税 2 ; 防范和化解金融风险2 充分需求 4 核算 3 海损理算书 5 ; 实施，经营，行政 4 行政预算；管理预算 2 行政开支；办公费 4 行政保护 5 预付费用 2 a 预付定金 4 预计货样 5 预付工资 4 预收货款 4 规模经营优势 3 贸易逆差 5 公布；做广告 5 广告业 3 通知行 3 信用证转让通知 3 吁请团，游说团体
全国商务英语翻译统一考试 中级笔译试题 注意事项 1. 请首先按要求在试题卷和答题卷的标封处填写姓名、准考证号等； 2. 请仔细阅读题目要求进行答题，答案写在答题卷上； 3. 请保持卷面整洁，不要在标封区填写无关内容； 4. 答题时间为150分钟。 Part I Translate the following sentences into English or into Chinese. 1.国家统计局说，消费者价格3月份攀升8.3%，比2月份8.7%有所下降。2月份的上涨率是将近12年来的最高点。价格升高的部分原因被指是由于1月份和2月份的严重暴雪导致工厂停工，庄稼被毁。 2. 对于钢材、水泥、化肥、化工原料等这类商品来说，只要其规格、样式、型号或化学成分相符，价格优惠且交货及时，买方通常都不会派人去国外进行实地考察。 3.中国能不能顶住霸权主义、强权政治的压力，坚持我们的社会主义制度，关键就看能不能争得经济较快的增长速度，实现我们的发展战略。 4.部分地区由于需求增长，批发茶价几乎翻了一番。所以我公司拟大批量订货，希望贵方备足库存。 5.这个现行办法旨在扶持那些发展中国家与从其他国家进口的产品展开竞争，而不损害我们自己产业的利益。 6. After months of unfruitful negotiation with the trade unions, the government cut the Gordian knot by declaring that workers who did not accept a 2% pay rise would be fired. 7.China’s growing trade surplus has been a point of contention with both the United States and the European Union. China’s major trading partners accuse Beijing of manipulating its currency to keep its value low and give Chinese products an unfair price advantage on world markets. 8. One day’s sick leave with the application, after approved by the departmental head, is to be submitted to the admin executive on the day following the one day’s sick leave. 9. There were a few middle-aged and even elderly women in the train, their silver-wiry hair and wrinkled faces, scourged by time and trouble, having almost a grotesque, certainly a pathetic appearance in such a jaunty situation. 10.The 1970s brought a decline in eating out, but the 1980s, especially in homes where both parents were working, brought a big increase in the demand for many types of restaurants. Part II. Translate the following passages into Chinese. Passage 1 Savings provide one way to take care of financial losses. But savings are not the answer to large losses. The best way to guard against large financial losses is through insurance. Over 4,800 companies in the United States are in the business of providing insurance protection. These businesses are called insurance companies. Because most insurance companies operate on a big scale, they provide a way for large numbers of people to share their losses. Insurance can provide protection against almost any kind of loss. Singers may insure their voices. Photographers may insure their negatives. The owner of a home freezer may insure against food loss in case of a power failure. A business owner can insure his or her place of business. A business owner can also insure against a loss of profits during a shutdown following a fire or damaging accident. Like all private firms, insurance companies must charge enough for protection to pay their operating costs and make a profit. The main factor affecting the price of insurance, however, is the amount of risk involved. The more risk an insurance company assumes for a policyholder, the higher the premium. An insurance company must collect enough money from all its policyholders to pay the claims of those who have
外语系第二届商务英语翻译大赛策划书 一、活动主题：BUSINESS ENGLISH，BUSINESS WORLD 二、活动目的：本次“商务英语翻译大赛”旨在提高我系学生的专业技能， 增强我系学生学习商务英语的能力，培养学生对商务英语的兴趣，活跃英语学习氛围，在比赛中充分挖掘同学们的潜能，为今后工作打下良好基础。 三、参赛对象：外语系全体学生 四、比赛形式：本次商务英语翻译大赛分为初级组和高级组。 初级组：09、10级学生及日语专业学生； 高级组：07、08级学生及09级高职本科学生。 五、比赛时间： 初赛时间：2010年12月5日（周日）晚7:30—9:30 复赛时间：2010年12月18日(周六) 晚7:30—9:30 比赛地点： 初赛地点：综合楼 复赛地点：综合楼北区 六、报名时间：2010年11月24日—2010年11月27日 八、报名方式：参赛者于报名截止日期前到各班学委处报名。 九、活动流程： （一）赛前筹备工作 1）赛事宣传 通知单、报名表（初、高级）制作，复印65份，开会宣传； 申请初、决赛板块、联系青宣、发邀请各系贺板； 拉横幅。 2）赛事联络 负责向专业老师咨询、联系试题，协助配合专业老师的出卷工作；
初级：老师（待定） 高级：老师（待定） 拟定11月29日领取试卷，并负责排版、印刷、校对是否漏印等、装订密封及保密工作。 3）赛事安排 整理、统计报名单，申请并划分教室，将初赛报名名单随机编排，制作考场座位表（初级人/班，高级人/班），一式四份； 公布考场座位安排表、决赛入围名单及获奖名单。 4）后勤准备 制作考场责任书、评卷责任书，工作安排表（监考、巡逻、后勤、评卷）、签到表； 召开工作人员动员会，交代注意事项。 （二）比赛工作安排 1）监考组 组员：学生会未参赛的正、副部及干事 组长落实工作人员到位情况及工作人员职责（赛前开会，当晚签到）； 考前30分钟到大本营领取考卷、监考责任书、粘贴座位表； 提前15分钟到达负责教室，并在黑板上写明考试注意事项； 提前5分钟向各考场学生宣读考试注意事项，并统计实际参加考试的人数； 检查学生证； 考试结束后，将考卷收齐并密封交至大本营。 2）巡考组 赛前30分钟安排监考人员领取试卷； 负责维持考场秩序、保证考试公证性，若发现作弊情况，当场取消考生参赛资格（迟到30分钟不得进场）； 落实学通社和电视台的到位情况； 吹口哨示意比赛开始及结束；
考试简介 全国商务英语翻译（ETTBL）是我国一项系统的“外语+专业”的商务翻译培训、考试，以全国《商务英语翻译教程》（口译/笔译）的培训大纲为基础，内容涵盖广告、产品描述、产品与保险、人力资源与职业、经济、国际贸易、金融证券、市场营销、法律、合同与协议、旅游业等。由商务英语专业教授及富有商务背景的外籍教师进行授课，侧重于常用商务材料英汉互译对照、常用商务专业词汇及典型句型解析、翻译技巧等。打造商务英语翻译培训的优秀品牌，弥补高素质商务英语翻译人才的市场缺口，培养出专业化、知识化的口译/笔译人才，缩短新学员进入企业的磨合期，尽快适应工作；提高在职人员商务英语翻译专业水平及职业能力，更好地胜任工作。 学员完成培训计划规定的全部内容和课时后，参加全国商务英语翻译的考核及综合评定，根据考评结果，颁发相应等级相应层次的《全国商务英语翻译证书》。是商务英语人员上岗就业的依据，是工商、合资企业、外事单位用人的资格凭证.该证书全国通用，并网上注册()。并为学员建立个人资料库，借助中国商务人才网（）的网络平台协助考生就业和提供继续教育服务等。
职业定义 初级：能在商务往来中进行一般性商务英语交谈。涉外企业的员工及同层次的企业外销人员、宾馆接待人员、商场收银员等。 中级：能在一般性商务会谈和商务活动中进行口译和笔译。涉外企业的职员及同层次的秘书，办公室主管等。 高级：能在一般性商务会议和外事商务活动中进行口译和笔译。涉外企业主管及同层次的企业经理助理、企业经理等。 翻译师：能在大型商务会议中进行复杂的口译和笔译，并胜任专职商务翻译工作。 高级翻译师：能在各种国际会议中进行口译和笔译。在口译中能交替传译和同声传译；在笔译中对商务活动会议的文件及商务专业性的资料作笔译。能承担国际商务会议中各种复杂的笔译、口译，解决商务英语中的一切疑难问题。 考试对象 凡遵守中华人民共和国宪法和法律、恪守职业道德、具备一定外语水平、有志于从事商务领域翻译工作的在职和求职人员及在校生，不论学历高低，均可参加。
Between..and…在..之间 Country of origin and manufacture生产国别和制造厂商 Time of shipment装运期限 Port of shipment）装运口岸 Port of destination 到货口岸 Be liable for 对…负责 On account of由于 Attribute to 造成 Take measures采取措施 Shipping mark唛头 Gross weight毛重 Net weight净重 Do not stack up side down此端向上 Handle with care小心轻放 Keep away from moisture切勿受潮 Terms of payment付款条件 Payment by L/C信用证付款 Payment by collection信托付款 Payment by M/T信汇付款 In case of在情况下，以某种方式 Freight to collect运费到付 Insurance policy/certificate保险单/证明 War risk兵险 Breakage and leakage破碎渗漏 In the event of在发生情况下if Upon arrival of在到达之时 Invoice of quintuplicate发票5份 Packing list in duplicate装箱单2份 Certificate of quality质量证明 Technical document技术资料 Foundation drawings基础图 Wiring instructions布线说明 Terms of shipment装运条款 Shipping agent装运代理人 In the matter of如有。。if Be free from defects不存在缺陷 For a period of 2 years from the date of purchase自购买之日起两年内Warranty 保修期 Batch number批号 Forwarder 代运人 Shipment date装运日期 Design specification设计规格 Risk assessment风险评估
全国商务英语翻译统一考试初级笔译练习试题 练习一 Part I Translate the following sentences into English or Chinese 1．迄今为止，各国的移民政策侧重于为低技能工人设置障碍，同时鼓励高技能专业人才、工程师、科学家和企业家前来工作，甚至定居。 2．Kasda是瑞士的汽车、能源和食品集团公司。本年度第一季度，尽管它的总营业额下降了6%，但是利润却增加了12.1%。 3．“海洋城”以其绵延10英里（相当于16公里）的海滩而闻名，每年接待约800万游客 4．当富人想到将财富传给子孙的时候，他们通常会有两种情绪：害怕和忧虑。他们害怕或忧虑金钱会对子孙产生消极影响；害怕金钱会让子孙失去通过努力工作获得成功的人生动力。 5．关于我方第315号订单，由于到货质量低劣，我方被迫表达强烈不满。 6．China is fielding its largest-ever Olympic team at the upcoming Beijing Games, with 639 athletes competing in all 28 sports. The Chinese team will attempt to surpass the 32 gold medals won at the Athens Olympics, four less than the United States. 7．A Japanese media report says Japan and China have reached a compromise and agreed to jointly develop gas fields and share profits in disputed areas of the East China Sea. 8．The number of newly laid-off U.S. workers rose last week, the latest sign that the economic downturn is affecting the job market. A report Thursday from the Labor Department said the number of people applying for unemployment benefits for the first time rose 22–thousand, to 378–thousand. 9. Chinese economy suffered only a mild setback in the first quarter of 2008, and remains resilient despite inflation and worsening global credit crisis. 10. Praise and encouragement also makes employees more likely to work hard and stay in their jobs, saving on the cost of finding replacements. Part II Translate the following passages into Chinese. Passage 1 Most Americans believe someone isn’t grown up until age 26, probably with a completed education, a full-time job, a family to support and financial independence, a survey said. But they also believe that becoming an official grown-up is a process that takes five years from about the age of 20, concluded the report from the University of Chicago’s National Opinion Research Center. The findings were based on a representative sample of 1398 people over age 18. The poll found the following ages at which people expect the transitions to grown-up status to be completed: age 20.9 self-supporting; 21.1 no longer living with parents; 21.2 full-time job; 22.3 education complete; 24.5 being able to support a family financially; 25.7 married; and 26.2 having a child. “There is a large degree of consensus across social groups on the relative importance of the seven transitions,” said Tom Smith, director of the survey. The only notable pattern of differences is on views about supporting a family, having a child and g etting married. “Older adults and the widowed and married rate these as more important than younger adults and the never-married do,” he added. “This probably reflects in large part a shift in values across generations away from traditional family values.” The most valued step toward reaching adulthood, the survey found, was completing an education, followed by full-time employment, supporting a family, financial independence, living independently of parents, marriage and parenthood. Passage 2 Spend less than you earn. This is perhaps the most worn out, overused phrase in the world of personal finance. But guess what? It’s also the single most important financial lesson you’ll ever learn. No matter how hard you work and how much money you earn, you’ll never achieve financial security if you spend more than you earn, so…… do whatever it takes to make sure that this doesn’t happen. This takes self-discipline, and might require constructing a budget, but if you ever want to get to a point where you can afford all the little niceties in life, you need to make it happen. Plan for the future. I’ve been where you are, and I know that “the future” seems like it’s a million miles away. Do yourself a favor. Sit down and define short, intermediate, and long-term goals and then put together a plan for getting there. It’s not easy, and you probably won’t get it right at first but once you do this, you’ll have something concrete to work from (and to modify in the future). Start small and work your way up. Be patient. Building a solid financial foundation takes time. Don’t look for shortcuts or try to strike it rich overnight wit h the latest hot investment tip. Likewise, don’t make major financial decisions wi thout fully considering the ramifications. This isn’t to say that you should be paralyzed fear. Rather, you need to do your homework. Turn those unknowns into knowns, and
英译汉 China has pulled out all the stops to get the 2008 Olympic Games after a heartbre aking loss to Sydney for 2000. State media here have steadily promised a world-beatin g Game at a cost of $20 to $40 billion. Yet such triumphal tones are now giving way t o a more modest depiction of the 2008 enterprise. One former Chinese official, speakin g on terms of anonymity, stated that, “It goes against the Chinese tradition of modest y for us to brag about our games. We need to ensure the quality of materials is high. That's been the problem in our past. It isn't just the c ost. But this plan does cost a lot, and we need to be practical.” Beijing secured the 2008 Olympics after a hard-fought competition with Paris and Toronto. For China, snagging the Olympics was not only a matter of prestige but of int ernational respect. More important, as a Security Council member and a rising power i n Asia, the victory brought confidence that China would now be able to show the worl d its efficient central-planning system and its new technocratic class of savvy organizati onal managers who would put on a world-class games. Still, despite continued hopes for private-sector contributions, the financing side of the games remains largely state-run. The principal partners are state-owned enterprise s: The Bank of China, Air China, and China Netcom. Volkswagen has signed on, howev er, as has General Electric and McDonald''s. Asia''s booming initial-public-offering market is a sure sign that solid economic recov ery is growing deeper roots. The rush to list shares on the region''s stockmarkets signa ls that Asia''s entrepreneurs are back in the game. And it''s not all internet company fe ver, though there''s plenty of that; companies in many industries are lining up to issu e shares. In Hong Kong China, eight companies have listed on the Growth Enterprise Marke t, which opened in late November. The latest to join GEM, China Data Broadcast Holdin gs, rose 310% on its first day of trading on January 24. As in the United States, stoc k valuations sometimes don''t make much sense to traditional-minded investors. But th e stockmarket isn''t about making sense, it''s about making money.
英译汉: This CONTRACT is made and entered into force this 2nd day of May, 2008 by and between ABC Technology Import Corporation, a company organized and existing under the law of the People’s Republic of China, and XYZ Company, a company organized and existing under the laws of Germany. After sound and definite negotiations, the Contract is read and scrutinized carefully, duly signed by the contracting parties and enacted as follows: 1.1The buyer agrees to buy from the Seller and the Seller agrees to sell to the Buyer equipment, materials, design and technical documentations, patent and knowhow license, and technical services for a plant with a 54,000 KW phosphorus electric furnace which has a production capacity of 30,000 (thirty thousand) metric tons of yellow phosphorus per year and 70,000 (seventy thousand) metric tons of sodium tripolyphosphate per year, with phosphate rock as raw material using the Process stipulated in Article 10.1 to the Contract. (hereinafter referred to as “the Contract Plant”) 1.2For safe and normal operation of the Contract Plant the Seller shall supply within the battery limits all equipment, such as process equipment, machinery, electric installation, instrumentation and automatic control systems, special laboratory apparatus, special equipment and tools for construction and erection, easily worn-out spare parts, and spare parts necessary for two-year normal operation after acceptance of the Contract Plant ( hereinafter referred to as “Equipment”), as well as materials, such as piping materials, materials for electric installations, for instrumentation and for automatic control system, other materials necessary for erection and lubricants(hereinafter referred to as “Materials”), except those to be supplied by the Buyer(as stip ulated in Annex IV). Details of the major Equipment and the Materials supplied by the Seller are specified in Annex III to the Contract. For battery limits of the Contract Plant see attached Drawing No. 1 of the Contract. 1.3The Seller undertakes to make all the engineering designs of the Contract Plant according to the basis of design stipulated in Annex I to the Contract, except the designs to be performed by the Buyer. The Seller shall supply to the Buyer complete designs and technical documentation (hereinafter referred to as “Technical Documentation”). Details are stated in Annex V to the Contract.
全国商务英语翻译资格统一考试 中级笔译试题 注意事项 1、请首先按要求在试卷和答题卷的标封处填写您的姓名、考号等； 2、请仔细阅读题目要求进行答题，答案写在答题卷上； 3、请保持卷面整洁，不要在封标区内填写无关内容； 4、答题时间为150分钟。 PartⅠ Translate the following sentences into Chinese(10%) 1、The invisible hand of the market would guide individual choices so that each individual pursuing his own self-interest would simultaneously help society and create the greatest wealth for the greatest number of people in a society. 2、Service enterprises such as restaurants, hotels, and vacation resorts have grown to become major business sectors in many countries, in some cases, even overtakeing manufacturing and other other peoduction-oriented businesses. 3、Industrialization changed the world. Few places on earth have escaped its impact. However, the nature of the impact varies from place to place. Understanding the global consequences of industrialization requires an understanding of how industrialization differed in each place. 4、Countries in the developed world must therefore learn to cooperate in order to devise a sufficiently comprehensive program of income redistribution to the less developed countries. Without help form the develop world, these poorer countries cannot possibly make the sacrifices that the human race must make collectively to reverse the deterioration of the environment. 5、Although the country’s long-term strategy of developing the vast western region is still at an early stage, both the government officials and economic experts are keen to discuss the way to narrow the economic gap between the west and the east. Translate the following sentences into English(10%) 6、不同的国家使用不同的经济来源；不同的人拥有不同的技能。 7、发达国家拥有大量的熟练劳动力和资本，所以它们能集中生产很多技术密集型的产品， 比如计算机、飞机等等。 8、营销包括产品开发、定价、推销和产品信息交流；在那些观念较新的企业里，营销还包 括关注客户需求的不断变化、不断开发新产品，并且不断地改进产品、改进服务，以满足客户的需求。 9、由于进口依靠出口来融资，出口获得的外汇可用来进口急需的原材料、技术及设备，因 此一个国家的进口能力显然取决于出口业绩的好坏。 10、我国政府决心在未来的二十年内全面建设小康社会。如何提高占全国人口70%的 农民的生活水平和生存质量，是实现这个目标的最大难题。