云南大学考博英语必备翻译知识点
第一句：
试题题源：While it may be said,without exaggeration,that the measure of the worth of any social institution,economic,domestic, political,legal,religious,is its effect in enlarging and improving experience;yet this effect is not a part of its original motive,which is limited and more immediately practical.(48words)Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.
命题专家把这个句子改写为：It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience,but this effect is not a part of its original motive.(33words)
参考译文：可以说，要衡量任何社会制度的价值，就要看它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响，但是这种影响并不是其原来动机的一部分。
翻译讲解：
1.整个句子的主干结构是but连接的两个并列句。
2.第一个并列句这个句子有一个最简单的形式主语结构it may be said，然后有一个基本结构是the measure of…is in its effect in…，可以翻译为“衡量…是看在…中的效果”。第二个并列句的结构非常简单。
3.第一个并列句中主语中心词是measure后面带了两个of修饰结构，这种结构是属于考博翻译中考过无数次的结构，请参考94年71题，97年72题，01年74题，02年64题，和07年46题，等。这样的结构可以从后往前翻译，比如主语部分the measure of the worth of any social institution可
以翻译为：任何社会制度的价值的衡量。当然，为了更通顺，可以翻译为：衡量社会制度的价值。
4.第一个并列句的表语部分。中心词是effect，“影响”的意思。所以，结合前面的主语，可以灵活的翻译为：要衡量任何社会制度的价值，就要看其影响。而effect这个中心词后面还带了一个in doing sth.这个结构。in doing sth.可以翻译为：在做…事情的过程中，这个结构在考博翻译中也出现过多次，请参看95年71题，05年50题。所以整个表语部分its effect in enlarging and improving experience可以翻译为：在扩大和改进经验过程中的影响。所以，第一个并列句可以翻译为：可以说，要衡量任何社会制度的价值，就要看它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响
5.当然，第二个并列句比较简单。可以直接翻译：但是这种影响并不是原来动机的一部分。也可以适当意译为：这种影响并不是是它原来就想要达到的。
考点分析：
1.无难词，institution已经在07年46题考过。
2.比较难处理的是，第一个并列句中两个of结构，以及表语部分的
in doing sth在这个结构。同时，第一个并列句的中文表达，要翻译通顺比较苦难。
第二句：
试题题源：Only gradually was the by-product of the institution, its effect upon the quality and extent of conscious life,noted,and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.(38words)
命题专家改为：Only gradually was the by-product of the
institution noted.and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.(28 words)
参考译文：这种制度的副产品只有逐渐得到认识；而在实施这种制度的过程中，认识到这种效果具有指导作用的时间则更加缓慢。
翻译讲解：
1.整个句子的结构是and连接的两个并列句，并且很显然两个句子都是倒装句，都是Only在句首。
2.第一个并列句的主语是the by-product of the institution，很显然，动词was被提前，所以谓语部分是was noted。其中，by-product是一个合成词，是“副产品，附带产生影响”等意思。这种合成词在考博翻译中考过很多，虽然看起来是超纲词，但是出题人认为可以分析得出意思，所以命题专家最喜欢选择的单词。请参考98年的ground-based和
ballon-borne，01年的breakthrough，99年和04年的far-reaching等等。所以，第一个并列句翻译起来比较简单，那就是：这种制度的副产品(或者说，这种制度附带产生的影响)被注意到了。
3.但是，第一个并列句中强调的部分是only gradually，意思是“只有逐步地，只有逐渐地，只有慢慢地”。所以，结合主干部分和强调的状语部分。可以把第一个并列句翻译为：这种制度的副产品只有逐渐得到认识。这里，我之所以选择把强调的副词部分放到汉语句子的末尾来翻译，是因为第二个并列句也在强调“only more gradually”这个部分，等会在处理第二个并列句的时候，好和第一个句子做对比。
4.再看看第二个句子的主语部分是this effect，意思是“这种影响，这种效果”。谓语部分是was considered as a directive factor，意思
是“被认为是一个指导因素”。诸位部分结合起来，可以变被动为主动：认识到这种影响具有指导作用。In the conduct of the institution比较简单可以直接翻译为：在实施这种制度的过程中，或者在这种制度的实施过程中。组合以上部分，第二个句子可以翻译为：在实施这种制度的过程中，认识到这种效果具有指导作用。
5.最后再来处理第二个句子的强调部分，即状语only more gradually，可以直接翻译为“只有更加逐步，只有更加缓慢”。正因为第一个句子和第二个句子有一种递进关系和对比关系。所以，为了突出这种对比，可以把这两个only gradually，放到句子末尾来突出强调。所以，第二个句子则翻译为：而在实施这种制度的过程中，认识到这种效果具有指导作用的时间则更加缓慢。
考点分析：
1.有一个稍微难一点的单词by-product。
2.有一个稍微难一点的倒装结构，
3.还有一个很明显的被动结构。
4.最难表达清楚的是两个强调的状语only gradually和only more gradually。
第三句：
试题题源：While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition,or to subordinate that educative effect to some external and tangible result,it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.(41words)
命题专家改为：while it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition.it is not so easy as
in dealing with adults.(29words)
参考译文：在我们和年轻人接触的时候，虽然容易忽略我们的行为对他们性格的影响；但这并不像与成年人打交道那么简单。
翻译讲解：
1.整个句子结构比较复杂是由while引起的状语从句。
2.从句部分有一个最简单的结构it is easy to ignore…可以翻译为：很容易忽视…。这种形式主语的结构在考博翻译中出现过多次。请参考01
年72题，05年65题，07年49题和50题。
3.但是，要注意到ignore这个动词的宾语部分是the effect of…，in our contact with them部分是状语。先翻译in our contact with them，意思是“在我们与他们的接触过程中，或者在我们和他们交往的时候”。这里的them可以根据上文指代明确，是指the young年轻人。所以，可以翻译为：在我们和年轻人接触的时候，很容易忽略…。
4.the effect of our acts upon their disposition这个部分，有一个比较难的单词disposition，是“性格、倾向”等意思。这个单词是一个明显的“超纲词”，但是可以根据上文“我们的行为对他们…的影响”获得答案。所以，这个部分翻译为：我们的行为对他们性格的影响。
5.再说说while这个词，意思基本只有两个，一个是“当…的时候”，一个是“虽然…”。前一个意思在考博翻译中几乎没有考过；而第二个意思“虽然”则屡屡出现过，如99年71题，2000年73题，06年48题，07年50题和08年48题。所以，整个从句部分可以翻译为：在我们和年轻人接触的时候，虽然容易忽略我们的行为对他们性格的影响。或者：在和年轻人接触的时候，虽然我们容易忽略我们的行为对他们性格的影响。
6.主句部分是it is not so easy as in dealing with adults，如
果稍微不注意，可以能就会翻译为：和成年人相处则没有那么容易。我们需要注意到not so…as…这个结构，意思是“不像…那么…”。为了说明这个比较结构，我们举两个简单例子看看：It was not so bad as last time!这次不像上次那么坏!It did not take so long as we expected.时间没像我们预料的那么久。其实，这个比较结构在99年71题考过类似的as…as…。所以，not so easy as…就可以翻译为：不像与成年人打交道那么简单。
考点分析：
1.难词disposition，词组deal with虽然考过多次，如95年75题，05年65题，但是意思根据上下文各不相同。
2.while引起的状语从句。
3.not so…as…比较结构。
第四句：
考试试题：Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.(33words)参考译文：既然我们的主要任务在于使年轻人参与共同生活，我们不能不考虑我们是否正在形成一种力量，这种力量可以确保我们获得能力。
翻译讲解：
1.这个句子比较复杂，再加上主句和从句之间没有标点符号断开，所以，要看清是since…we…这个大结构。
2.从句部分比较简单Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life。但是，要注意business这个词，不要翻译为“生意”，因为上文说过deal with是“打交道”的意思。所以，这里的chief business还是打交道过程中的“主要任务”。所以，从句部
分翻译为：既然我们的主要任务在于使年轻人参与共同生活。
3.主句部分也是一个复合句，其主干是we cannot help considering…。可以直接翻译为：我们不得不考虑…，我们禁不住要考虑…。
4.whether or not we are forming the powers也比较简单，可以直接翻译：我们是否正在形成一种力量。which这个定语从句which will secure this ability，先直译为：将确保这种能力。但是汉语略显得生硬，可以增加一个动词“将确保我们获得这种能力”。Which定语从句是修饰the power，可以前置倒先行词前面翻译：我们是否正在形成一种将确保我们获得这种能力的力量。但是，后面部分“这种能力的力量”，两个“力”字叠加，稍显不妥。所以，还是把定语从句放到后面好：我们是否正在形成一种力量，这种力量可以确保我们获得能力。
考点分析：
1.since所引起的从句。
2.which定语从句。
3.cannot help doing…结构，whether or not…结构。
考试试题：We are thus led to distinguish,within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,a more formal kind of education--that of direct tuition or
schooling.(31words)
参考译文：因此，在上述(目前为止已经考虑到的)宽泛的教育过程中，可以使我们区别出一种更正规的教育，即直接教导或学校教育。
翻译讲解：
1.要看到distinguish的宾语部分是a more formal kind of education。
2.within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering可以看做一个插入语，比较容易翻译，字面意思是：在一个更广泛的教育过程中，而这个广泛的教育过程我们截至目前为止已经考虑(讨论)过。所以可以翻译为：在上述更宽泛的教育过程中。不过，要知道so far 是“目前为止”的意思，consider基本意思是“考虑”，但是在论说过程中，我们已经考虑过了，所以也有“讨论”的意思。
3.主干部分we are lead to distinguish…，要看到其中的被动结构，基本意思是“我们被引导去区别…”。主宾颠倒之后，可以翻译为：可以使我们区别出…。
4.宾语部分非常简单a more formal kind of education--that of direct tuition or schooling。一种更正规的教育，即直接教导和学校教育。这里的tuition这个单词，并不是超纲词，但是，好多学生只记过“学费”的意思，它还有一个意思是(esp fml尤其用于正式文体中)teaching or instruction,esp that given to individuals or small groups教学,讲授，尤其指对个人或小组的教导。所以，要注意区别tuition和schooling 的细微差别。
考点分析：
1.单词tuition的翻译。
2.被动结构。
3.定语从句。
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑
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If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today’s goods.; With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.; As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don’t need
考博英语历年真题 北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案 Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20 Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suita bly complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit compose d of father,mother and children. A.refers to B.defines C.describes D.devotes to 22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that e lderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness. A.reproach ed B.favored C.plagued D.reprehended 23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation_____ ___the quality of interpersonal relationship. A.ascends https://www.doczj.com/doc/d111890142.html,pels C.enhances D.prefers 24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of resea rch_____on the human brain. A.was…did B.has been…to be done C.was…doing D.has been…done 25. “I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not t o eat at a restaurant.You’ d better_______at hom e when you are not in the shape.” A.to throw up… to eat B.throwing up…eating C.to throw up…eat D.throwing up…eat 26.Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’ s creativity and emotional output;otherwise what they think beneficial to t he kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations. A.hold back B.hold to C.hold down D.hold over 27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’ s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals____ ____by their context,significance,and information content. A.not less than…as B.as…just as C.so much…as D.not so much… as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south. A.the windows of which opened B.the windows of it opened C. its windows opened D.the windows of which opening 29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned o ut to be a distant relation of his. A.put him up B.put him out C.put him on D.put him in30.By standers, _______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances. A.bloody and cov ered with dust,looking dazed B.bloodied and covered with dust,looked daze
考博英语翻译笔记 倒装和分割结构 为了强调句子的某些部分，或是为了保持句子平衡，英语中常常使用倒装。大体说来，倒装可以分为主谓倒装和非主谓倒装。主谓倒装里又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。在翻译的时候，既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译，也可以按照字面意思翻译。非主谓倒装只是将强调部分前置，以保持句子平衡或是起强调作用。翻译时可以采用顺序译法或是倒序译法。 1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 分析：本句中had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 属于部分倒装。正常语序为：if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances 。在正式文体中，可以将虚拟条件句中的if 省略，并将助动词提前。 译文：例如，它们(指测试)并不弥补社会的不公，因此不能说明一个贫困青年，要是在比较有利的境况下长大，会有多大才干。 2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's “baby boom ” generation reached its child-bearing years. 分析：该句中so did bigger crops of babies 属于语法倒装。用so 来代替前述肯定句谓语部分所说情况。 译文：不间断的移民浪潮也起了作用——而且随着昔日在“ 生育高峰期” 出生的 一代人达到生育年龄，婴儿的出生数量增加了，这同样起了作用。 3. Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job. 分析：该句的Much as I have traveled 是一个由as 引导的让步状语从句。相当于though I have traveled much ，但语气要比后者强。这种结构要求部分倒装。 译文：我虽然见多识广，但还从未见过比她细心的人，不管什么职业 4. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly. 分析：相信大家对这种结构都不陌生。Only 后加副词、介词、状语从句时要用部分倒装。但是要注意的是，如果only 修饰的不是状语，则不用倒装。 译文：只有很好地掌握了语法知识，写出来的东西才会正确。 5. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West . 分析：当句首是否定副词或含有否定词的词语时，一般要部分倒装。 译文：1980 年哪里的人口普查统计资料也不如远西地区的更能生动地说明美国人对宽敞的生活环境的追求。 6. Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him. 分析：hardly…when的结构表示“冈U…就…”。含有这种结构的句子常将hardly 置于句首，而采用部分倒装的语序。此外，hardly分句中一般采用过去完成时，而when (或before )分句中使用过去时。还有，与hardly…when… 结构类似的用法还有barely (scarcely)…whe n … 译文：他刚开始讲，听众就打断了他的话。 7. To such length did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out.
2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary
2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】 仰望天空时，什么都比你高，你会自卑;俯视大地时，什么都比你低，你会自负;只有放宽视野，把天空和大地尽收眼底，才能在苍穹泛土之间找到你真正的位置。无须自卑，不要自负，坚持自信。以下我无忧考网为考生整理的《2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案第二部分【十篇】》供您查阅。 2018考博英语翻译练习：泡腊八蒜 考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多都有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了一些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。 泡腊八蒜是中国北方，尤其是华北地区的一个习俗。顾名思义，就是在阴历腊月初八的这天来泡制大蒜。其实材料非常简单，就是醋和大蒜瓣儿。做法也是极其简单，将剥了皮的蒜瓣儿放到一个可以密封的罐子、瓶子之类的容器里面，然后倒入醋，封上口放到一个冷的地方。慢慢地，泡在醋中的蒜就会变绿，最后会变得通体碧绿的，如同翡翠碧玉。老北京人家，一到腊月初八，过年的气氛一天赛过一天，
华北大部分地区在腊月初八这天有用醋泡蒜的习俗。 译文参考： Laba garlic bulbs in the north,particularly in North China,a custom. As the name suggests,at the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar day the Chinese people are apt to cook garlic.In fact,the materials is very easy, that is,vinegar and garlic petal.Approach is extremely simple too,the rinded garlic cloves can be sealed into a jar,flasks and the favor inside the container,then pour vinegar,sealed port into a cold location. Slowly, the garlic drenched in vinegar ambition turn green,and finally transform entire body green as emerald jade.Old Beijing human,1 to the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar month,one day outdo the air of Chinese New Year day in most parts of north China this day be serviceable in the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month vinegar and garlic bulbs custom. 解析： 大蒜：garlic
2003年南京大学考博英语真题及详解 SECTION I LISTENING COMPREHENSION（20%） （略） SECTION II STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY（35%） Part A Directions:Questions31-40are incomplete sentences.Beneath each sentence you will see four-words or phrases,marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. 31.This platform would collapse if all of us______on it. A.stand B.stood C.would stand D.had stood 【答案】B 【解析】一般现在时的虚拟语气结构，主句用would+动词，从句用一般过去式。 32.The young man who saw the car______into the river telephoned the police. A.plunged B.plunge
C.was plunging D.to plunge 【答案】B 【解析】see sth.do表示看到事物动作的整个过程，这里表示看见车陷入河里。 33.You can come with me to the museum this afternoon______you don’t mind walking for half an hour. A.unless B.so far as C.except D.if 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“如果你不介意走半个小时路的话，你今天下午就跟我一块去博物馆吧。” 可知为D，其余三项均不通。 34.We can rely on William to carry out this mission,for his judgment is always ______. A.inexplicable B.healthy C.sound D.straight 【答案】C
考博英语练习题 1. Daily nutrition, weight, and physical activities in the family will largely determine whether your children are _____ to children diabetes. A. likely B. susceptible C. influential D. Sustainable 2. The accusations we bring against others should be ____ ourselves; they should not ____ complacency and easy judgments on our part concerning our own moral conduct. A. denigration of.., exclude B. instructions to... equate C. parodies of... satirize D. warnings to... justify 【翻译练习】 1、英译汉参考译文 The researchers, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, say when people are living together they share behaviors, such as eating meals together and watching TV. The scientists also note that marriage provides a number of health benefits, including decreased cigarette smoking and lower mortality. 2、汉译英 举行的峰会可以促进六国之间的友好合作关系。 【参考答案】 1.B 【句子大意】每日汲取的营养成分，体重和在家锻炼很大程度上决定您的孩子是否容易患上儿童糖尿病。 【精析】likely“很可能的，合适的”；susceptible“易受影响的”；influential“有影响的，有势力的”；sustainable“可以忍受的，足可支撑的”；故选B项。 2.D 【句子大意】那些对他人的控告应该视为对我们自己的一个警告；我们不能够仅凭自身道德行径就有理由去妄下定论并且骄傲自满。 【精析】denigration of 诋毁，贬损；exclude排除，排斥；instructions教导，说明；equate使相等，视为平等；parodies of模仿，效仿；satirize讽刺，挖苦；Warnings to 警告；justify证明合法。根据原文，可根据第一句话，首先排除AC选项，对他人的控告不能是对自身的一种诋毁，或效仿。故选D项。 【翻译参考答案】 1、英译汉参考译文 北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)的研究人员说，两个人生活在一起就会一同行动，比如说一块儿吃饭看电视。科学家们还强调，婚姻会带来许多健康方面的好处，比如说少抽烟，死亡率也会降低。 2、汉译英参考答案 The Summit Sessions held in Shanghai could foster better relations and cooperation between the six counties. ===============================================================================
考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷80 (总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00) Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers. Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately — defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day — had an IQ that was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points higher than female teetotalers. The type of alcohol didn't influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake. The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent. "It's very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship," says senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. "We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake. " Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain. If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries. The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.（分数：10.00） (1).The Japanese study was carried out on______.（分数：2.00） A.the development of IQ B.the secret of longevity C.the brain food in a glass D.the amount of healthy drinking (2).The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ in______.（分数：2.00） A.female teetotalers than in male ones B.female drinkers than in male ones C.moderate drinkers D.teetotalers (3).When he says that it is very difficult to show cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that______.（分数：2.00） A.the study failed to involve such variables as income and education B.he is doubtful of the findings of the investigation C.there are some other contributing factors D.the results were just misleading (4).From Shimokata's mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancing intelligence______.（分数：2.00） A.sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheese B.they promote the drinking effect of sake or wine C.they are not as effective as sake and wine D.sake or wine is not alone (5).Based on the study, Shimokata would say that______.（分数：2.00） A.intelligence improves with age