推理判断
A
I love listening to music and will try to do it as much as I can．Whether I'm driving my car or walking somewhere I always have a CD or my iPod playing because I feel music can greatly influence my mood（情绪）．I can listen to music to cheer me up or relax me or remind me about a certain time and a certain place where I last listened to that song．
I feel the best way to listen to music is live!I love going to concerts to watch and hear my favorite artist or band perform．
The last concert I went to was a Mumford and Son's concert in Newcastle，a country-folk style band from the Uk．All of the lights and sound effects not only sounded good but also looked good．
I always feel that people come together at concerts．I can easily talk to people I might never have talked to before，just because they share an interest in a certain music artist．
I also find that at concerts many artists or bands may speed their song up or slow it down．Sometimes they might cover someone else's song so I feel that the live performances really show me a new way to listen to music．
I enjoy concerts because I always discover something new and different because of the way it is played live．
1. Mumford and Son is ______ ．
A. a song
B. a band
C. a singer
D. a concert
2. Where does the writer like best to listen to music？______
A. In her car．
B. On the road．
C. At concerts．
D. In her office．
3. Why can the writer easily talk to people she might never have talked to before at concerts？______
A. Because they are friendly．
B. Because they like talking．
C. Because they want to ask the writer some questions．
D. Because they share an interest in a certain music artist with the writer．
4. According to this passage，which of the following is NOT TRUE．______
A. Listening to music can cheer the writer up．
B. Music can greatly influence the writer's mood．
C. The writer enjoys concerts because she always discovers something old．
D. Many artists or bands may speed their song up or slow it down at concerts．
B
From Nobody to Somebody
Brian was a funny student．He loved watching comedies（喜剧）best and hoped to become a comedy actor
one day．
When he heard about the talent show to be held at this school，Brian decided to take part in．He had never acted
on stage（舞台）before，and he was very excited．But some students laughed at him．“You are not funny
but silly，”Ken，one of his classmates，said to his face．“No one will like what you do，”another boy also said to him，loudly．Brian couldn’t understand why they were so unkind to him．For a moment，he thought about giving up the show．But he remembered how much his friends liked his jokes，and also his teachers said he was very funny．So he decided to prepare for the show．
Brian did a great job at the talent show．Everyone loved his performance，and he won the first prize!His teachers and friends were proud of him．Even so，Ken told Brian that he was not funny，and that he would never be successful．Brian didn’t understand why Ken said so，but he realized that it had nothing to do with him．He confidently continued to work towards his goal．
As the years went on，Brian met more people like Ken．“you’ll do a terrible job，”they said to him．Luckily，most people encouraged him and some helped him to become even funnier．He got a lot of opportunities to perform in movies．He was even invited to appear on television．His fans thanked him because his comedies made them feel good when they were unhappy．Now Brian is a big comedy star!He is doing what he loves best．He never feels stressed like those unkind people，and he laughs all day long!
5. What did Brian love best when he was a student？______
A. Going to school．
B. Helping classmates．
C. Watching comedies．
D. Meeting new friends．
6. Brian decided to prepare for the show because ______ ．
A. his friends liked his jokes
B. he was invited by a TV station
C. he wasn’t busy acting in movies
D. Ken was expecting his performance
7. After winning the first prize，Brian ______ ．
A. began to understand Ken
B. became a teacher of acting
C. encouraged others to join him
D. continued to work towards his goal
8. Brian’s fans thanked hime because his comedies brought them ______ ．
A. success
B. happiness
C. luck
D. pride．
C
We can express thoughts and feelings and send sounds and pictures on our smartphones today. We can?t send tastes, smells or touches.But some scientists in Britain are trying to develop a way for smartphones to do that.
To give users a sense of taste, Adrian David Cheok and some other scientists designed two electrodes (电极） . "You put these two silver electrodes in your mouth, and you put your tongue in between and then your tongue will get a virtual taste perception(虚拟的味觉）in your brain，"said ProfessorCheok .They have already created sour, salty, sweet and bitter tastes.
A device(设备）called "Scentee" allows users to have the sense of smell. Scientists put"Scentee "into a smart phone and can spray (喷射）small clouds of fragrance，including flowers, fruits and coffee. Professor Cheok says the person speaking can activate（激活）the device.??Scentee ??holds a container（容器）with about 100 different smells. The container must be replaced when all the smells run out.
The sense of touch comes from a ring-like device. It is connected wirelessly （无线地）to the smartphone. “I can be in London and my friend can be in Tokyo, and I can squeeze （挤压）my finger and then they?ll get a squeeze on their finger through the Internet. It’s a way of touch communication with small mobile devices,”Professor Cheok said.
Professor Cheok hopes devices like these will someday be added to houses. He says they may change the future of long-distance communication.
9. Where could the passage most probably be taken from?
A. A story.
B. An advertisement.
C. A science novel.
D. A science magazine.
10. Adrian David Cheok and some other scientists are tryiny to make
smartphones_____________
A. smaller
B. send sounds and pictures
C. send tastes,smells and touches
D. much cheaper.
11. According to the second paragraph, the tongue will get a virtual taste perception by___________
A. putting the smarthone into the mouth.
B. touching two electrodes in the mouth
C. touching the device called"Scentee "
D. connecting to a ring-like device wirelessly.
12. What does the underlined word"fragrance" in Paragraph3 mean in Chinese?
A. 痛苦
B. 权利
C. 力量
D. 香味
13. What?s the main idea of this passage?
A. How smartphones work
B. The history of long-distance communication .
C. Future smartphones can send tastes, smells and touches.
D. Smartphones make people?s communication convenient.
D
The summer vacation is a time to enjoy a change from the school year．It's a good chance to work on different activities that you don't have much time to do during the rest of the year．
We asked about 2，000 people what they would do during the summer vacation．Most of the survey-takers agreed that the summer vacation was a break from homework and they could relax．
Alexis said，"At school，I'm really tired，so during the summer vacation I can read books and do many outdoor activities．" Amy is in high school．After school，she sometimes works in a café．She told us，"It's a chance to relax after a hard school year-sleep more，and see my friends more．"
We also asked them if they would be too busy or kind of bored．About half（52%）of the survey-takers said they would be busy during the summer vacation but still have time to relax．And that is exactly how it should be．
But not everyone said their summer vacation would be the right balance（平衡）between being busy and relaxing．Many thought that they would be too bored．
How bored or busy people feel during the summer vacation depends on how old they are．Survey-takers in their early teens were likely（可能的）to be bored．Among them，40% said they would be bored and only 10% thought they would be too busy．
根据材料内容，选择最佳答案．
14. What does the underlined word"survey-takers"in Paragraph 2 mean？______
A. 进行调查的人
B. 接受调查的人
C. 写调查报告的人
D. 看调查报告的人
15. What does Amy want to do during the summer vacation？______
A. To do a part-time job．
B. To do some outdoor activities．
C. To help her parents do housework．
D. To sleep more and visit friends more．
16. The underlined word"that"in Pareph 5 refers to ______ ．
A. feeling bored
B. being very busy
C. spending all the time enjoying oneself
D. having time to relax though being busy
17. How bored or busy people feel during the summer vacation depends on ______ ．
A. their age
B. their parents
C. where they live
D. what they are
18. According to the passage，those who took part in the survey are most probably ______ ．
A. scientists
B. doctors
C. students
D. teachers．
A
Should Children Be Allowed to Get Bored？
Children need time to stand and stare．They should be allowed to get bored to that they can develop their ability to be creative．Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time．However，research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination，while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity．
Boredom is often linked with loneliness，but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped here in developing her mind．She told researchers about her childhood．Having few things to do，Syal often talked with her neighbors．She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes．“But importantly，I Thought and wrote a lot，because I was bored，”Syal said．She kept a diary，filling here time with short stories and poems she made up．Grayson Perry，an artist，grew up in a family with little money．He enjoyed himself by making up stories，drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library．Bored but free，he spent hours looking out of the window，watching the changing clouds and seasons．Perry filled up his free time with what he liked．He became creative，because he could think freely．Dr．Belton is an expert on the effects of emotions on learning．“Boredom could be an uncomfortable feeling，”she said．“But some young people cannot deal with that boredom creatively．So sometimes they may break a classroom window，or drive a car out for a mad race．”
Usually，when children have nothing to do，they would turn on the TV，the computer，or the phone．Their time on these things has increased，yet they need to have time to think about their experiences through play or just watching the world around them．It is this kind of thinking that can inspire the imagination．On the other hand，the TV or phone may cut short the thinking process．That can be harmful to the development of creativity．“For developing the ability to be creative，”Dr．Belton advised，“perhaps we need to stand and stare，and stay off-line from time to time．”
19. What does the word“hamper”in Paragraph 2probably mean？______
A. Slow down．
B. Keep up with．
C. Go beyond．
D. Give rise to．
20. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to ______ ．
A. stress the great differences between them
B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist
C. suggest good ways of going through boredom
D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity
21. What can we learn from the passage？______
A. Boredom provides children with space to think freely．
B. It’s much better for children to be busy than be bored．
C. Boredom helps children deal with difficulties properly．
D. It’s boring for children to think about their experiences．
B
Is there intelligent (有智力的) life on other planets? For years, scientists said “no.” or “we don’t know.” But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers(天文学家). They believe intelligent life exists (存在) somewhere in the universe. They also think we sill soon contact these beings(人；生物).
Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets? The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old. “This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life,” say Shostak and Barnett. The second reason is size—the universe is huge. “Tools like the Hubble Telescope(哈勃望远镜) have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies,” says Shostak. “And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets going around these stars might be similar to Earth.”
In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes(高倍望远镜) allow scientists to discover smaller planets—the size of Mars or Earth—in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life. Have beings from space already visited Earth? “Probably not,” says Shostak. “It’s a long way away. However, intelligent beings may contact us in other way, such as radio signals(信号). In fact, they may be trying to communicate with us now, but we don’t have the right tools to receive their messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we could make contact with other life forms in our universe and we might help each other.”
22. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are _____.
A. astronomers
B. farmers
C. singers
D. drivers
23. What is the best title for Paragraph 2?
A. The Age and Size of Earth
B. Our Galaxy: The Milky Way
C. Why Intelligent Life Might Exist
D. Earth: The Only Planet with Intelligent Life
24. Why was it hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe in the past?
A. There were not any smaller planets.
B. There were not any powerful telescopes.
C. The astronomers were not interested in them.
D. The Milky Way didn’t exist at that time,
25. Why haven’t beings from space visited us yet according to Shostak?
A. They’re afraid of us.
B. It’s a long way away.
C. They don’t want to see us.
D. They don’t know how to use radio signals.
26. What does the underlined phrase “life forms” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Messages
B. Tools
C. Intelligent beings
D. Radio signals
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. B
9. D 10. C 11. B 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. D 16. D 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. A 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. B 26. C
专题07 阅读理解推理判断题 推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。 这种问题的提问方式通常有： 1.From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that . 2.We can infer from the text that…/ What can we learn from…? / We can conclude from the passage that… 3.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that. 4.The author implies that by the year 2080, . 5.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should. 6.The author mentions the fact that…to show. 7. This passage would most likely be found in _________? 8.The author’s attitude toward …is _________? 9. The tone of the passage can best be described as _________? 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点： 1.首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替
居民与聚落 一、单选题（本大题共21小题） 1.如图，下列叙述可由“世界人口增长曲线图”中分析得出的是（） A. 世界人口数量在不断增长 B. 1900年以来，世界人口增长缓慢 C. 世界人口的增长速度一直以来都比较均匀 D. 人口数量的变化与自然因素无关 2.小明于2019年8月去巴西里约热内卢观看第31届夏季奥运会，他看到的人种和听到的语言主要是 （） A. 白种人，葡萄牙语 B. 混血种人，西班牙语 C. 白种人，西班牙语 D. 黑种人，葡萄牙语 3.为了迎接上海世博会，组委会向社会招募了大量懂英语的志愿者，因为英语是（） A. 世界上使用上数最多的语言 B. 世界上使用最广泛的语言 C. 联合国规定的唯一工作语言 D. 上海世博会唯一指定外语 4.如图所示建筑是哪一宗教的活动场所（） A. 伊斯兰教 B. 佛教 C. 基督教 D. 犹太教 5.如图为世界局部地区图，读图完成11-12题． 下列说法错误的是（） A. 甲地区经济发达，人口稠密 B. 乙地区石油储量丰富，是重要的石油输出区 C. 丙地区人口自然增长率较低 D. 丁地区位于赤道附近，全年高温6.读人口增长示意图，完成5-6题． 图中四类国家都可能存在人口问题，其中人口出现负增长，青壮年劳动力不足的国家为（） A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 7.读如图，回答10-11题。 促使该地发展成为城市的主要因素是（） ①宗教中心②自然资源丰富③地形开阔④河流交汇处 A. ①② B. ①④ C. ③④ D. ②③ 8.如图，下列叙述可由“世界人口增长曲线图”中分析得出的是（） A. 世界人口数量在不断增长 B. 1900年以来，世界人口增长缓慢 C. 世界人口的增长速度一直以来都比较均匀 D. 人口数量的变化与自然因素无关 雨燕是飞翔速度最快的鸟。雨燕每年三、四月来到北京，七、八月飞离北京。读北京雨燕迁徙示意图，完成下列各题。 9.关于图中甲、乙、丙、丁四地气候说法有误的是 A. 甲地为温带季风气候 B. 乙地深居内陆，距海远，降水较少 C. 丁地所在大洲气候类型以赤道为轴，南北对称分布 D. 丙地为热带雨林气候，且有世界上面积最大的热带雨林 10.据图判断下列说法不正确的是 A. 迁徙途中雨燕飞越了世界最大的半岛 B. 迁徙途中雨燕飞越的国家大多为发展中国家 C. 由丙到丁所经过地区的居民主要为黑种人 D. 迁徙途中雨燕飞越了亚、欧、非三大洲 11.北京是我们国家的政治中心，向世界展示着中华文化的悠久与灿烂．回答13～14题． 保护世界文化遗产的说法，正确的是（） A. 全部封闭，禁止游人参观 B. 拆除后都做成微缩景观供人参观 C. 为适应现代生活要彻底改造 D. 核心是对优秀传统文化的保护． 第 1 页
山东省实验中学2011届第三次诊断性测试 数学（理)试题 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分,共6页．满分１5０分,考试用时12０分钟。 注意事项: .1?答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、座号、准考证号、考试科目分别填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置 上． 2．第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后,用2Ｂ铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动,用橡皮 擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号，答案不能答在试卷上． 3.填空题直接填写答案,解答题应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤． .4?本场考试禁止使用计算器. 第Ⅰ卷（共6０分） 一、选择题:本大题共１2小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合要求 的. 1. 已知全集R U =，集合? ?? ? ??<=?≤-=-412 |},02|1 x x B x x A ,则）（）（=?B A C R A ．),1[)2,(+∞-?--∞ B?．),1(]2,(+∞-?--∞ C.),(+∞-∞ D??．),2(+∞- 2. 设有直线m 、ｎ和平面βα、，下列四个命题中，正确的是 （ ） A?．若n m n m //,//,//则αα .B?若βαββαα//,//,//,,则n m n m ?? Ｃ.若βαβα⊥?⊥m m 则,, Ｄ.若ααββα//,,,m m m 则?⊥⊥ 3. 已知,13 5 )4sin(-=+πx 则x 2sin 的值等于??（ )
A?．169120 ?Ｂ.169119 C?．169 120 - D?．-169119 4. 在等差数列}{n a 中，24)(3)(2119741=++++a a a a a ,则此数列前13项的和=13S ( ) 1.A?３ Ｂ.26 C.５2 D ．156 5. 由下列条件解ABC ?，其中有两解的是 ( ) A.?===80,45,20C A b o B?． 60,28,30===B c a .C? 45,16,14===A c a .D? 120,15,12===A c a 6. 平面向量a 与b 夹角为3 2π , a (3,0),|b |2==，则|a 2b |+= (?） A ．７ .B?37 C.13 3.D? 7. 已a 、b R ∈，那么“122<+b a ”是“b a ab +>+1”的 ( ) .A?充要条件B? ．必要不充分条件 C.充分不必要条件 .D?既不充分也不必要条件 8. 在三角形中，对任意λ都有|AB AC ||AB AC |λ-≥-,则ABC ?形状 （ ） A.锐角三角形 B.钝角三角形 ?Ｃ．直角三角形 D?．等腰三角形 9. 数列{n a ｝满足22,11==a a ,),2(11 1N n n a a a a a a n n n n n n ∈≥-=++--,则13a 等于( ） A.２6 42.B? C.122×12! D.！ 13213 ? 10. 若函数)10()1()(≠>--=-a a a a k x f x x 且在Ｒ上既是奇函数,又是减函数，则)(log )(k x x g a +=的图 象是 (??） 11. 已知函数mx x g x m mx x f =+--=)(,1)4(22)(2，若对于任一实数x ,)(x f 与)(x g 至少有一个为正数，则实数m 的取值范围是 (?? ) 0(.A?，2） B ．(0,8) C?．(2,8) D?．(-∞，０） 12. 在正三棱锥S-AB Ｃ中,M 、N 分别是SC 、BC 的中点,且AM MN ⊥，若侧菱ＳA ＝32，则正三棱 Ｓ－ABC 外接球的表面积为? （ ） 1.A?２π B ．32π C ．36π D ．４8π 第Ⅱ卷 (共9０分） 二．填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分。
2015年阅读理解专题--推理判断题 一.考纲解读： 设题角度: (1)细节推断题 (2). 推断隐含意义 (3). 推断作者观点或态度 (4). 推断写作目的 (5). 推断文章出处 (6). 推断上下文内容等 4.设问方式:It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know/learn (about) that …is most likely . The writer’s attitude toward… is______. The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____. The passage implies that _____. In writing the passage, the author intends to _____. The passage is most likely to be taken from______. Where would this passage most probably appear? The next paragraph would most probably deal with _______ 二. 技巧点拨 1. 细节推断题。 根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等.一般可根据短文提供的信息,或结合生活常识来推断①要吃透文章的字面意思，捕捉有用的提示和线索②对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。③要忠实 于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知。 【题例1】In September, 1940, my mother, sister and I went to Swansea, where my father's ship was getting ready to sail, we brought him a family photograph to be kept with him at all times and keep him safe. (2011·湖南卷B篇)（1.5分钟） 61. We can infer that the mother and children went to Swansea ______. A. to meet a friend B. to see the father off C. to take a family photo D. to enjoy the sailing of the ship 【题例2】Understanding why members of her family and her friends would be there, AT asked why her dance teacher had traveled so far to see her compete(比赛). “She's always been my role model. I've danced with her since I was six. She's been through so many difficulties and came through them all. I've learned to get over bad life's experiences and learned how to move on because of her.”(the fourth paragraph) (2012·全国大纲卷 E篇)（2分钟） 57. Shelley takes her dance teachers as a role model mainly because she is ______. A. determined B. friendly C. strict D. experienced 2. 隐含意义题 这类题目往往要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事情。这类试题的题干中常含
基础知识集锦 一、气体的制备及装置的选择： （一）、反应原理 2KMnO 4=== K 2MnO 4+ MnO 2+O 2↑ 1.氧气： 固体加热 2KClO 3===2KCl+3O 2↑------------- 反应类型：分解反应 ） 2H 2O 2===2H 2O+O 2↑----------------- 2.氢气： Zn+H 2SO 4==ZnSO 4+H 2↑---------- 固体与液体不需要加热 3.二氧化碳: CaCO 3+2HCl==CaCl 2+H 2O+CO 2↑ （应用①碳酸钙作补钙剂②除石灰水瓶壁的白膜） （二）、装置的选择依据： 1.发生装置：反应物的状态及反应条件。 2.收集装置：生成气体的密度及溶解性， 如：氧气用 法收集， CO 2用 法收集，H 2用 法收集， 二、可燃物的燃烧： 点燃 2Mg+O 2===2MgO 点燃 金属：3Fe+2O 2=====Fe 3O 4 点燃 4Al+3O 2===2Al 2O 3 点燃 单质 S+O 2 ====SO 2 点燃 C+O 2====CO 2 反应类型：化合反应 氧化反应 点燃 ( 物质与氧发生 非金属 2C+O 2=====2CO 的化学反应） 点 4P+5O 2====2P 2O 5 点燃 2H 2+O 2====2H 2O 点燃 2CO+O 2=====2CO 2 点燃 化合物 CH 4+2O 2=====CO 2+2H 2O 不属于基本反应类型 点燃 C 2H 5OH+3O 2=====2CO 2+3H 20 三、氧化—还原反应 △ H 2+CuO====Cu+H 2O 反应类型： 高温 C+2CuO=====2Cu+CO 2↑ 置换反应 反应物中得氧的物质被氧化 高温 2Fe 2O 3+3C====4Fe+3CO 2↑ （单+化→ ，发生氧化反应，是还原剂； 高温 Fe 3O 4+2C====3Fe+2CO 2↑ 单+化) 失氧的物质被还原，发生还 △ CuO+CO====Cu+CO 2 原反应，是氧化剂 高温 Fe 2O 3+3CO====2Fe+3CO 2 非基本反应类型 高温 Fe 3O 4+4CO====3Fe+4CO 2 四、几个应用：(复分解反应：酸、碱、盐之间以及酸与金属氧化物之间) 1.酸除锈：（1）.盐酸除锈Fe 2O 3+6HCl==2FeCl 3+3H 2O ，若酸过量还有Fe+2HCl==FeCl 2+H 2↑ （2）硫酸除锈Fe 2O 3+3H 2SO 4==Fe 2(SO 4)3+3H 2O ，若酸过量还有Fe+H 2SO 4 ==FeSO 4+H 2↑ 2.湿法炼铜：Fe+CuSO 4==FeSO 4+Cu （铁器不能盛放波尔多液的原因） 3.治疗胃酸过多：NaHCO 3+HCl==NaCl+H 2O+CO 2↑-------------------------------- Mg(OH)2+2HCl==MgCl 2+2H 2O 复分解反应 Al(OH)3+3HCl ==AlCl 3+3H 2O 中和反应：酸+碱==盐+水 4.中和硫酸厂的污水：Ca(OH)2+H 2SO 4==CaSO 4+2H 2O 5.中和反应的实验：向NaOH 溶液中滴入无色酚酞试液现象：液体变红色，然后逐滴滴入稀盐酸至 红色恰好褪去，恰好完全反应，此时溶质为NaCl ，化学方程式是NaOH+HCl==NaCl+H 2O 。 五、几种密闭保存的物质 （一）液体：1浓硫酸：吸水性，久置溶剂增加，溶质质量分数减小--------- 不变质 2.浓盐酸：挥发性，挥发出HCl 气体，溶质质量减少，溶质质量分数减小。 3.NaOH 溶液：与空气中的CO 2反应而变质2NaOH+CO 2==Na 2CO 3+H 2O （非基本反应类型） 此反应用于吸收CO 2； 检验.NaOH 溶液是否变质的方法①Na 2CO 3+2HCl==2NaCl+H 2O+CO 2↑ 复分解反应 ②Na 2CO 3+CaCl 2==2NaCl+ CaCO 3↓ （二）固体：1.NaOH ：①吸水而潮解②与空气中的CO 2反应而变质 2. CaO ：①CaO+H 2O=Ca(OH)2 ② Ca(OH)2 +CO 2=CaCO 3↓+H 2O “②”用于CO 2的检验，石灰水瓶壁白膜的形成，“①②”解释CaO 不能干燥CO 2 3.铁粉：与水、氧气共同作用，所以作双吸剂。 六、能量变化：1.溶解：吸热的有NH 4NO 3； 放热的有：NaOH 、浓H 2SO 4 2.化学反应：吸热的有：条件是“加热”“高温”如： 高温 高温 CO 2+C=====2CO CaCO 3====CaO+CO 2↑（CO 2的工业制法） 放热的有：①条件是“点燃”的反应， ②CaO+H 2O=Ca(OH)2 ③金属与酸的反应如Mg+2HCl==MgCl 2+H 2↑ 2Al+6HCl==2AlCl 3+3H 2↑ 七、纯碱(苏打)Na 2CO 3 小苏打NaHCO 3 生石灰CaO 熟石灰Ca(OH)2 烧碱（火碱、苛性钠）NaOH 食盐NaCl 酒精C 2H 5OH 醋酸CH 3COOH 银Ag 水银Hg 金Au 金刚石C 氨气NH 3 氨水NH 3 H 2O 干冰CO 2 葡萄糖C 6H 12O 6 氮气N 2 氦气He 氖气Ne 石灰石的主要成分CaCO 3 八、原子团及化合价 -1 -1 -2 -2 +1 +3 -1 NO 3 OH CO 3 SO 4 NH 4 Al Cl 离子：NO 3 – OH - CO 3 2- SO 4 2- NH 4 + Al 3+ Cl - 九、特征物质：黑色固体：C 粉、CuO 、Fe 3O 4、MnO 2、Fe 粉 红色固体：铜、氧化铁（Fe 2O 3） 紫黑色固体：KMnO 4 淡黄色固体：硫 溶液：棕黄色（黄色）溶液FeCl 3、 Fe 2(SO 4)3溶液； 浅绿色溶液：FeCl 2、FeSO 4溶液 蓝色溶液：CuSO 4溶液； 其他溶液大多为无色。 沉淀：蓝色沉淀：Cu(OH)2 红褐色沉淀：Fe(OH)3 不溶于稀硝酸的白色沉淀有AgCl BaSO 4 其他沉淀一般均为白色且溶于酸，如：CaCO 3 BaCO 3 Mg(OH)2 Al(OH)3 十、元素之最：1.地壳中最多的元素：氧，最多的金属元素：铝；其顺序为：养闺女（氧、硅、铝）； 2.人体中最多的元素：氧，最多的金属元素：钙； 3.空气中最多的元素：氮（N ）； 4. 人体中必需的微量元素：锌、铁、硒、碘、氟 十一、物质之最：1.密度最小的气体：H 2（相对分子质量最小）；2.相对分子质量最小的氧化物：H 2O ； 3.最硬的天然物质：金刚石； .最简单的有机物：CH 4； 5.唯一的液态金属：Hg 6.空气成分由多到少顺序为：N 2、O 2、稀有气体、CO 2、其他气体及杂质。
山东省实验中学东校 2005~2006学年度第一学期学生先进集体、先进个人名单 一、先进班集体 ⒈高一年级 27班班主任：陈鑫副班主任：葛明明 28班班主任：王克芳见习班主任：周丽丽 34班班主任：邵丽云副班主任：曹文辉 35班班主任：朱崇军副班主任：范心胜 ⒉高二年级 23班班主任：朱强副班主任：季京仁 26班班主任：杨晶副班主任：刘婷婷 29班班主任：赵光银 31班班主任：郭尚民副班主任：徐颖 33班班主任：石磊副班主任：潘晓雯 ⒊高三年级 23班班主任：张志勇副班主任：于永水 27班班主任：田延平 30班班主任：赵温霞副班主任：张延平 34班班主任：张琳副班主任：王存志 二、优秀团支部 ⒈高一年级 23班班主任：李明明见习班主任：薛文 31班班主任：艾金勇见习班主任：王虎 32班班主任：孙晓梅副班主任：王立明 33班班主任：张家鹏副班主任：姜爱娟 36班班主任：张兴卫副班主任：周迎峰 ⒉高二年级 25班班主任：杨光禄副班主任：辛同民 28班班主任：崔乐俊 30班班主任：韩玉坤 32班班主任：苗桂波副班主任：武仓 34班班主任：于兆河副班主任：李青青 ⒊高三年级 26班班主任：李龙新副班主任：王艳玲 28班班主任：张成林 33班班主任：张海副班主任：林琳 三、宿舍管理先进集体 ⒈高一年级：25班33班34班35班 ⒉高二年级：28班31班33班34班 ⒊高三年级：25班27班28班 四、“实验之星”三级奖章获得者名单 ㈠、下列同学在全国数学、物理、化学、生物、信息学、地理奥赛中获得省(赛区)二等奖，授予“实验之星”三级奖章：
高二年级 23班王鹏飞 31班郝阳 34班黄文强 高三年级 23班宋喆 28班于航 33班续广智张萌 34班刘杨 35班孙玮刁辰锡张腾贺玉凯 36班张海洋程龙 ㈡、高三年级31班学生张文卿被授予济南市“见义勇为先进分子”称号，授予“实验之星”三级奖章 ㈢、下列同学在期末考试中列级部前十名，授予“实验之星”三级奖章： 1、高一年级 32班李杨 34班赵慧婵 35班宫跃敏刘畅宋超逸孙小萌 2、高二年级 28班王雪王小双姚瑶董树丛 29班张好雨张素 30班矫玉洁 31班赵锦哲 32班张瑞斌岳海岑 33班吕劭宇丛明舒 34班杜馨张烁吴斌 3、高三年级 29班周广肃王欣欣 30班裴琛王鹏赵丹宁 31班张玲 33班傅宁 34班马文琪么炳楠 35班苏珣 36班刘文良王飞李向南张群 五、“实验之星”二级奖章获得者名单 ㈠、下列同学在全国数学、物理、化学、生物、信息学、地理奥赛中获得省(赛区)一等奖，授予“实验之星”二级奖章： 高二年级 31班戴振衡 36班高琛 高三年级 25班刘天华 29班厉哲 33班范维义赵真龙高翔（大）韩昊陈兵张德兵康凯戴姗姗高翔（小）
阅读技巧之------推理判断题 推断隐含意义 （Case1）Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called "the deathwatch beetle." ●The sound of this beetle ________. A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people. (Case 2) Several different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice Age; today only two exist. The wood bison is the larger of the two, and is now found mostly in western Canada. Better known in the United States is the Plains bison, or buffalo. At one time, herds of these animals could be sighed almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West. ●The author implies that several types of bison______. A. live outside the United Stated and Canada B. are well adapted to swampy terrain C. existed before the Ice Age D. have been killed or have died out (2012重庆卷) To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians (基督教徒) ever cooked up. For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil (邪恶的). So when Colu brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be Eden, everyone jumped to be the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans. What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that was thought to have come from Hell (地狱). What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits. Tough the tomato and the man were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit, the general population considered them one and the same, too terrible to touch. Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet. In the 1880s, the daughter of a well-known plant expert wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her father's house had been the "introduction this wonderful new fruit -- or is it a vegetable?" As late as the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an "evil fruit". But in the end tomatoes carried the day. The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert Johnson, and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820, people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead. "What are you afraid of?" he shouted. "I'll show you fools these things are good to eat!" Then he bit into the tomato. Some people fainted. But he survived and, according to a local story, set up a tomato-canning factory. ●What can we infer the underlined part in Paragraph 3? A. The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down. B. There was little progress in the study of the tomato. C. The tomato was still refused in most western countries. D. Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato.
2019高考英语阅读理解-推理判断题（含解析） 一、阅读理解 1.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。 Here are six steps to better studying. Pay attention in class Do you have trouble paying attention in class? Are you sitting next to a loud person? Tell your teacher or parents about any problem that is preventing you from paying attention. Take good notes Write down facts that your teacher mentions or writes on the board. Try to use good handwriting so you can read your notes later. It's a good idea to keep your notes organized by subject. Plan ahead for tests and projects Waiting until Thursday night to study for Friday's test will make it hard to do your best. One of the best ways to make sure that doesn't happen is to plan ahead. Write down your test dates. You can then plan how much to do after school each day, and how much time to spend on each topic. Break it up When there's a lot to study, it can help to break things into several parts. Let's say you have a spelling test on 20 words. Instead of thinking about all of the words at once, try breaking them down into five-word groups and work on one or two different groups each night. Ask for help You can't study effectively if you don't understand the material. Be sure to ask your teacher for help. If you're at home when the confusion occurs, your mom or dad might be able to help. Sleep tight So the test is tomorrow and you've followed your study plan—but suddenly you can't remember anything! Don't panic. Your brain needs time to digest all the information you've given it. Try to get a good night's sleep and you'll be surprised by what comes back to you in the morning. （1）We know from the passage that a loud person is ________. A. a student who always answers questions loudly in class B. someone who likes to talk with others in a loud voice C. a student who likes speaking with others in class D. a person who makes a lot of noise in public places （2）If you don't understand what you have learnt, you can ________. A. read your notes over and over again B. turn to people around you for help C. put aside the material for later review D. ask your teacher to explain it the next day （3）By saying “Sleep tight”, what does the author mean?
山东省实验中学级第三次诊断性测试
山东省实验中学2008级第三次诊断 性测试 2011 山东省实验中学2008级第三次诊断性测试 语文试题 (2011.1) 本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分，共10页。满分150分。考试用时150分钟。 注意事项： 1.答题前,考生在答题卡上务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置，并根据要求涂黑相应内容。 2.第I卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。 3.第II卷答案必须写在答题纸上；如需改动先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。 4.第II卷第六题为选做题，考生须从所给㈠㈡两题中任选一题作答，不能全选。 5.考试结束后，只收答题卡和答题纸。 第Ⅰ卷(选择题36分) 一、(15分，每小题3分) 1.下列词语中加点的字，每对读音都不相同的一项是() A.脑壳/金蝉脱壳蹊跷/别开蹊径出塞/敷衍塞责藤蔓/顺蔓摸瓜
B.轧帐/暗中倾轧龟裂/龟玉毁椟血肉/碧血丹心隽秀/含义隽永 C.湖泊/漂泊无定禅让/参禅悟道扁平/一叶扁舟呱唧/呱呱坠地 D.婢女/无裨于事尧舜/跪地求饶疑窦/买椟还珠猝死/人文荟萃 2.下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一项是() A.涅盘笑眯眯神采奕奕犄角之势 B.班配啦啦队寻章摘句山青水秀 C.陨石毛坯房难辞其咎轻歌曼舞 D.倾泻笔杆子班师回朝不记前嫌 3.下列句子的横线上依次所填的词语，最恰当的一项是() ①医学专家说，肥胖是一种臃肿的体态，更是一种病态，它能导致糖尿病、高血压和癌症等诸多疾病，还会使人产生自卑心理。 ②2010书香中国，以"今天，你读了吗"为口号倡导大众阅读，讲述中国人的阅读故事，通过各个层面中国人今天的阅读风貌。 ③中国冰壶队要想在温哥华夺取第一枚冬奥会金牌，成为中国体育史上第一支夺取冬奥会集体项目金牌的队伍，真的很难。 A.不止显示从而 B.不只展示从而 C.不止展示进而 D.不只显示进而 4.下列句子中加点成语使用恰当的一项是() A.才疏学浅而好高骛远，急功近利而当仁不让，还有慵懒、怯弱、自满自足、自以为是…这些人性的弱点，我们都必须加以克服。 B.一些重大玩忽职守案件和重大责任事故造成了重大财产损失和人员伤亡的惨剧，其后果惊世骇俗，教训十分惨痛。
高三英语阅读理解推理判断题命题方式与技巧点拨 高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求： 阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说 明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具 体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 高考英语阅读理解常见的设题形式有：细节理解题、推理判断题、词意猜测题、主 旨大意题。本节主要解决推理判断题解题策略。 推理判断题解题指导： ■考点突破 一、命题方式： 推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的 暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。主要考查 考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中 某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进 行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。 推理判断题的命题区间往往出现在以下几个方面： ◆文章或者段落的首尾部分。这一部分往往会引出文章的主题，总结全文或者全段 内容，通常也会设计推理判断题； ◆引言部分。议论文或者说明文中作者经常引用他人语言来支撑自己的观点，引用 的内容可能从正面或者反面来支持作者的观点，引文的字里行间隐含的渗透的内容往往 也是命题人设题的依据； ◆结论建议处。命题人往往在文章中出现the study suggests, the research indicates, the report shows 等类似结论、建议性表达方式时，此处通常是文章中提到的研究结果或者报 告的结论，命题人往往在此设置推理判断题 ◆表达观点态度处。在作者表达观点态度的地方往往设置推理判断题。文中出现 doubt, appreciate, hate, prefer ,against等表达观点态度的部分，以及一些带有感情色彩的特 殊句式，例如感叹句、反问句等。 1.细节推断 细节推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人 物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生 要把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，然后作出判断。题干中常出现infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示）.conclude（作出结论），assume （假定，设想）等词。主要设题方式有： It can be inferred from the passage that________. The author strongly suggests that________ It can be concluded from the passage that________. The writer implies but not directly states that________
乐陵实验中学九年级数学第一次月考试题 一．选择题（共12小题，每小题4分，共48分） 1.二次函数y=2x2-6x-9的二次项系数、一次项系数、常数项分别为 A. 6，2，9 B. 2，，9 C. 2，6，9 D. 2，， 2.在平面直角坐标系中，如果把抛物线y=-2x2向上平移1个单位，那么得到的抛物线的表达式是（） A. y=-2（x+1）2 B. y=-2（x-1）2 C. y=-2x2+1 D. y=-2x2-1 3.二次函数y=x2-3x+2的顶点坐标是（） A. （，-） B. （-，） C. （，） D. （-，-） 4.已知关于x的一元二次方程x2-2ax+4=0的一个根是2，则a的值为（） A. 1 B. -1 C. 2 D. -2 5.某种电脑病毒传播非常快，如果一台电脑被感染，经过两轮感染后就会有100人被感染．设每轮感染中平均每一台电脑会感染x台其他电脑，由题意列方程应为（） A. 1+2x=100 B. x（1+x）=100 C. （1+x）2=100 D. 1+x+x2=100 6.已知抛物线y=ax2+bx+c（a≠0）如图所示，那么a、b、c的取值范围是（） A. a＜0、b＞0、c＞0 B. a＜、b＜0、c＞0 C. a＜0、b＞0、c＜0 D. a＜0、b＜0、c＜0 7.某广场有一喷水池，水从地面喷出，如图，以水平地面为x轴，出水点为原点，建立平面直角坐标系，水在空中划出的曲线是抛物线24 =-+（单位：米）的 y x x 一部分，则水喷出的最大高度是（） A．4米B．3米C．2米 D．1米 8.对于二次函数y=-2（x+1）（x-3），下列说法正确的是（） A. 图象与x轴的交点为（1，0），（-3，0） B. 图象的对称轴是直线x=-2 C. 当x＜1时，y随x的增大而增大 D. 此函数有最小值为8 9.在同一坐标系中，一次函数y=ax+1与二次函数y=x2+a的图像可能是（）