下载文档原格式
热点练04 阅读理解之词义猜测题（热点话题）猜测词义题是英语高考阅读理解的重要题型，也是难点题型。
在阅读英语材料这类真实语言活动的过程中，遇到生词本属正常，但是我们并不是每次遇到生词就一定要查字典。
正确理解。
掌握所读材料中单词或短语的含义是理解全文意思的基础，在阅读中根据选材，背景和上下文提示等线索推测出生词词义也是真实语言活动中的一项重要技巧。
因为文章中的任何单词和句子在内容上都不是孤立的，都与其所在的句子、段落及整篇文章有关。
因此，应该利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行符合逻辑的分析，并依此来猜测词义或者句意。
猜测词义题，要求考生不但要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句意题。
因为猜测词组、句意题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。
联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。
近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测难度。
命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。
常见的设问方式有：What do you think the expression“...”stand for ?What d oes the underlined word “...” refer to/mean ?The underlined word “...”can be replaced by_______.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined?What does the underlined word "it/them" in Paragraph...refer to ?Which of the following words can take the place of the underlined word "..."“...”as used in the passage can best be defined as......考向1：通过构词法来猜词利用熟词的新词性猜测词义，前缀只改变词义，后缀只改变词性。
第六章阅读理解之猜词题本章进步目标★★★☆☆☆Level 3通过对本节课的学习，你能够：1．判断题干是否为阅读猜词题，达到【初级理解】级别2．解答阅读猜词题题目，达到【高级理解】级别3．解答具有逻辑关系的猜词题，达到【高级理解】级别VISIBLE PROGRESS SYSTEM进步可视化教学体系□第一部分诊断测试第二部分进步反馈卡第三部分补救练习2. In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly. This could befinanced through government taxes to increase the level of pensions (养老金). Furthermore, somein-situation should be created for senior citizens, which can help provide a comfortable life for them. Unfortunately, as the present situation in our country shows, this is not a truly viable answer. The government can seldom afford to care for the elderly, particularly when it is busy trying to care for the young.The underlined word “viable” most probably means “_______”.A. impossibleB. practicalC. meaningfulD. successful3. The English are often considered as unfriendly people who don't talk to strangers, but not London taxi drivers. I once asked a cabbie to describe his life to me and he didn't stop talking until I arrived home half an hour later.What does the underlined word “cabbie” mean in this passage?A. Conductor.B. Stranger.C. Taxi driver.D. Porter.ofD. part of the sea going far in land3. In a second test, mice were clocked on how long they actively tried to escape a pool of water. Those exposed to night lights stopped struggling and just floated in the water, a sign of “behavioral despair”, 10 times as long as the mice that had experienced normal nighttime darkness. All symptoms of depression disappeared within two weeks of the mice returning to a normal light-dark cycle, theresearchers report. The scientists also could quash the behavioral symptoms by injecting (注射) thebrains of animals with a drug that prohibits the activity of certain molecules linked with human depression. This finding further suggests that light at night may cause something related to depression. What does the underlined word “quash” in Para. 4 probably mean?A. studyB. predictC. easeD. cause。
英语阅读理解不认识单词怎么办？这8个猜词技巧一定要掌握！在英语学习中，阅读理解是许多学生感到困惑和挑战的环节。
其中，遇到不认识的单词是阅读过程中的常见问题。
为了更好地解决这一问题，这里为大家介绍8个实用的猜词技巧，帮助大家提高英语阅读能力。
一、上下文线索在阅读过程中，关注上下文信息，尤其是前置词、介词、连词等，可以帮助我们了解单词在句子中的角色和含义。
例如，当句子中出现“although”、“though”等转折连词时，前后句意思可能存在转折关系，这时可以根据已知词汇推测不认识单词的词义。
二、词根词缀法词根词缀法是根据单词的构成部分来猜测词义。
了解常见的词根、词缀及其含义，可以帮助我们分析生词的基本含义。
例如，单词“interact”（互动），我们可以分析出“inter-”（相互）+“act”（行动）→ 相互行动，即互动。
三、同类词汇归纳法在阅读中，可以根据已知词汇的类别，归纳出陌生单词的可能类别。
例如，已知“dog”（狗）、“cat”（猫）等词汇，可以推测出“puppy”（小狗）、“kitten”（小猫）等生词的含义。
四、反义词推测法根据已知词汇的反义词，可以推测生词的词义。
例如，已知“old”（老）为“young”（年轻）的反义词，那么遇到“senior”（高级）时，可以猜测其与“junior”（初级）为反义关系。
五、常识判断法在阅读过程中，可以根据生活常识和所学知识来判断生词的含义。
例如，在描述食物的文章中，遇到“baguette”（法棍面包）这个生词，可以根据法国美食的常识来判断其词义。
六、语法分析法分析句子结构和语法规则，可以帮助我们了解生词在句子中的作用。
例如，当生词位于名词所有格或双重所有格时，可以猜测其为某个名词的属性或所有物。
七、联系生活实际法将生词与现实生活中的事物、情境相联系，可以帮助我们更好地理解词义。
例如，在学习科技文章时，遇到“nanometer”（纳米）这个生词，可以联系生活中的纳米材料、纳米技术等实际例子来推测其含义。
高考英语阅读理解中词义猜测题的解题技巧一、词义猜测主要测试考生利用上下文判断单词、词组或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力。
二、练习（一）猜一猜，一词多义。
*heavy news晴天霹雳，heavy food热量高的食物，heavy sleeper睡觉沉的人。
（二）译一译，近义句表达。
*His father has died.他爹死了。
*His father has passed away.他父亲去世了。
*His old man has kicked the bucket.他家老爷子蹬腿了。
*His beloved father has joined the heavenly choir.其父已驾鹤西游了。
三、词义猜测题常见的设问方式1.The word“...”refers to/means/could best be replaced by ？摇？摇？摇？摇.2.According to the passage，the underlinedword“...”means？摇？摇？摇？摇.四、词义猜测的主要解题方法“顺藤摸瓜”：通过构词法、语法逻辑、常识知识、上下文等线索确定词义。
常用的猜词技巧如下：1.根据构词法（转化、合成和派生）进行猜测2.根据逻辑关系进行判断（1）转折、对比关系（2）因果关系（3）并列、同位关系3.根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义（1）从上下文的信息判断（2）从上下文判断指代对象（3）运用生活常识经验猜测词义（一）实战演练：根据构词法猜测词义。
常用表否定的前后缀1.in-：inactive，inexpensive2.un-： unhappy，uncomfortable3.im-：impolite，immoral4.il-：illegal，illogical5.ir-：irregular，irresponsible6.-less（后缀）：harmless，careless考题再现：2011省质检阅读D：（第2段）Bike rentals are inexpensive and it’s a greatway to enjoy the scenery.解析：inexpensive=cheap说明不必自己带单车（二）根据转折、对比关系进行判断。
初中英语阅读理解词义猜测专题☆词义猜测题要根据上下文的语境进行合理判断，切忌盲目选择自己认识或熟悉的意思。
也就是要正确理解短文中个别关键词，可利用同义词、近义词及给定义等方法推测词义，甚至在通篇理解的基础上推测并发现所给生词的词义。
这需要有意识地训练并最终具备这种不用字典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力。
技巧：通常，猜测词义题常用下面这八种方法：方法一：构词法根据一部分英语单词的词根，观察词头（前缀）或词尾（后缀）来猜词义。
方法二：根据上下文的意思来猜测As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. In the text, “put an end to” means “______”.A. stopB. cutC. killD. fly方法三：通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词看到“be considered as, refer to, and, or, also”等常连接同义词组的标志词时，可以根据这些标志词前后句的同义词关系猜测出词义。
例题：He is so homely, not as handsome as his brother.根据not...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即“不好看的、不漂亮的”意思。
方法四：因果关系法看到“ because，as，since，for，so，as a result, so, so … that, such … that 等表示前因后果关系的关联词时，根据因果关系判断出词义。
方法五：对比转折关系法看到“but, however, instead of , unlike, yet, although …”表示转折关系的关联词时，根据转折关系猜出词义。
高中英语阅读理解猜词题单选题40题1. In the passage, the word "magnificent" is closest in meaning to:A. beautifulB. bigC. wonderfulD. old答案：C。
解析：“magnificent”意为“壮丽的；宏伟的；极好的”，选项A“beautiful”侧重于外表美丽，不如“wonderful”能全面表达“极好的”意思；选项B“big”指尺寸大，与“magnificent”含义不同；选项D“old”意思是旧的，与“magnificent”毫无关联。
“wonderful”意思是极好的，与“magnificent”在意思上最为接近。
2. The word "delicate" in the text can be replaced by:A. strongB. weakC. gentleD. hard答案：C。
解析：“delicate”有“精致的；脆弱的；柔和的”等意思，选项A“strong”表示强壮的，与“delicate”相反；选项B“weak”侧重于虚弱，不如“gentle”能准确体现“delicate”柔和的意思；选项D“hard”意思是硬的，与“delicate”差异较大。
“gentle”有温柔、柔和之意，与“delicate”较为接近。
3. In the following, which word is similar to "furious"?A. angryB. happyC. calmD. sad答案：A。
解析：“furious”意为“狂怒的；暴怒的”，选项B“happy”表示高兴的，与“furious”相反；选项C“calm”意思是平静的，与“furious”完全不同；选项D“sad”是悲伤的，与“furious”的愤怒含义不同。
“angry”意思是生气的、愤怒的，与“furious”意思相近。
初一英语阅读理解猜词题单选题30 题1. In the story, "The little boy was so famished that he ate three bowls of rice immediately." What does "famished" mean?A. thirstyB. fullC. hungryD. sleepy答案解析：C。
根据句子“he ate three bowls of rice immediately（ 他立刻吃了三碗米饭）”可以推断出小男孩是非常饿的，所以“famished”的意思是“饥饿的”。
A选项“thirsty”是口渴的意思，与吃米饭无关；B 选项“full”是饱的，与句子中吃很多米饭的情况相悖；D选项“sleepy”是困的，也不符合句子描述的情境。
2. The passage about animals says, "The sloth is a very lethargic creature. It moves very slowly." Here, what does "lethargic" mean?A. activeB. lazyC. cuteD. big答案解析：B。
从句子“It moves very slowly（它移动得非常慢）”能推测出“sloth（ 树懒）”是一种比较懒的生物，所以“lethargic”意思是“懒惰的”。
A选项“active”是活跃的，与移动缓慢不符；C选项“cute”是可爱的，与描述移动速度无关；D选项“big”是大的，与句子所表达的缓慢的特性无关。
3. In the science article, "Some plants need a lot of sunlight, while some can thrive in a dim environment." What does "thrive" mean?A. dieB. grow wellC. be sadD. stop答案解析：B。
高三专题复习阅读理解之词义猜测题雅礼中学钟鸣可怎样做阅读理解词义猜测题1、通过上下文线索猜测词义：一个单词在句子中并非是一个孤立成分，它和同一句中的其他词有密切的关系，这些关系叫上下文线索，它们可以帮助理解句中出现的生词。
Eg: The professor picked up a heavy encyclopedia from the bookshelf.A. 发电机B. 电脑C. 实验仪器D. 百科全书根据上下文线索，可推知是一本很重的书，关键信息词是bookshelf.2、通过解释或说明线索猜测词义：对文中出现的难词，作者常会作进一步解释或说明，我们可以通过这些解释或说明来理解生词的词义。
Eg: Mary played a dual role in the play. In the first act she was a middle school student, and in the second act she was an old woman.A. 重要的B. 不重要的C. 双重的D. 多重的从后面句中不难猜出其不意dual的意思为双重的。
3、通过反义词或同义词等线索猜测词义：在文中作者为了说明相反或相同的人或事，经常使用一些反义词来进行对比或同义词来避免重复，我们可通过这种正反关系的对比来猜词义。
Eg: The exhausted man was so tired that he could not move another step.A. 兴高采烈B. 激动不已的C. 非常愤怒的D. 筋疲力尽的4、通过比较和对比关系猜测词义：我们可以通过描写文转折，排比关系来猜测词的含义。
Eg: My friend is very diligent, but her brother never finishes anything he starts.A. 勤奋的B. 聪明的C. 懒惰的D. 友好的5、通过比较和对比关系猜测词义：我们可以通过描写文转折，排比关系来猜测词的含义。
初中英语阅读理解词义猜测题阅读技巧--词义猜测题1.题型特点这类题型旨在考查学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。
利用上下文猜测词义是阅读理解的基本技巧之一,也是我们学习词汇的主要方法。
在阅读过程中,有些同学一遇到生僻词语就查词典,这是不可取的。
一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使我们养成依赖词典的习惯,而且还会影响阅读速度。
我们阅读汉语文章时遇到不认识的词语是否都查词典呢答案是否定的。
可是我们是如何理解它们的呢利用上下文提示猜测词义就是诀窍。
词义猜测题的类型主要有三种:熟词新义要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中推断某一多义词的正确意思;生词释义要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义;难句释义要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。
2.词义猜测题主要的设问方式①What’s the meaning of the underlined word/phrase...in Chinese②The underlined word...refers to/probably means...③The underlined word...could be replaced by...④What is the meaning of...⑤Which of the following words can take the place of the word...3.词义猜测题的解题技巧(1)通过因果关系猜测词义通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词所在部分与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词义。
有时文章借助关联词(如because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore等)表示因果关系。
例You shouldn’t have blamed him for that, for it wasn’t his fault.解析通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。
高考英语专题阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技法学生版阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技法一．设问方式By saying that “...” in the first (second ...) paragraph, the author means that ________.In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by“______”．The meaning of “...” in Paragraph ... is related to ________.Which of the following has the closest meaning to ... (Paragraph ...)？As is used in Line ..., the word “...” refers to ________.The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph probably means that ________.二．词义猜测题7大猜词技巧要做好词义猜测题，考生除了必须熟练掌握《考试大纲》规定的词汇外，在平时的训练中还要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心，还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。
1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。
标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。
这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
例如：①Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予了annealing一个明确的定义，即“退火”。
②It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily.从that is(也就是说)后的解释中我们可以了解到，brittle是“脆的”意思。
1英语阅读技巧之猜词（初）知识定位初中英语阅读占的比重很大，在阅读的时候，学生往往会遇到一些生词，影响我们的阅读速度，其实大部分生词的意思都可以通过上下文的关系猜出来，下面就介绍一些猜词的技巧。
知识梳理猜测词义的方法1 定义法2 举例法3 对比法4 因果法5 重述法6 生活经验7 构词法8 上下文语境1. Definition 定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。
信号词：be, means, refers to, be called, 定语从句The word “adolescence” means the period between children and adulthood.A 少儿期B 幼儿期C 青春期D 成人期The herdsman ,who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week.2 举例法信号词：such as, like, for exampleOn the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs andmeat.The word “poultry” means _____.A.猎物B.家禽C.饲料D.牲畜You can take any of the periodicals: Crazy English, Reader, Teaching in Schools, or EnglishLearning.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washingmachines, refrigerators and color televisions.3 Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。
1 阅读理解猜词练习: 1. A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle: it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4and 18 months. What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean? A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. demand made by guests 2、After the construction work was completed in late 1997, a review of movements in nearby walls showed that the building was in better shape than had been thought before and the safety limit was raised to 35 millimetres before any action needs to be taken. What does the word "review" mean? A. observation B. description C. discussion. D. re-examination. 3、In 1963 a schoolboy came across the world's greatest mathematical problem: Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century ,the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and... Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word "baffle" as it is used in the text? A. To encourage people to raise questions . B. To cause difficulty in understanding. C. To provide a person with an explanation. D. To limit people's imagination 4、Kate was perplexed. She couldn't understand why Nadia did not like to speak. Then she realized that ... The underlined word "perplexed" probably means A. puzzled B. angry C. shocked D. serious 5、Finally, although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they don't regret their choice of study .The underlined word "land " in the last paragraph probably means A. keep for some time B. successfully get C. immediately start D. lose regretfully 6.I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar I sighed and sat down to read my Economics. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “relish” in the second paragraph? A. choose B. enjoy C. prepare for D. carry on 7 “I would never have said to my mom, ‘Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?’” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.”Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits. The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means _________. 2
A. interest B. distance C. separation D. difference 8.When something goes wrong，it can be very satisfying to say，“Well, it’s so-and-so’s fault.” or “I know I’m late，but it’s not my fault；the car broke down.” It is probably not your fault，but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation，you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner’s key to success. The underlined word “remedy” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______ . A. avoid B. accept C. improve D. consider 9.When Andrea Peterson did her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies . The underlined word “daunting” means __________. A. challenging B. interesting C. creative D. easy-going 10.Of course, the benefit of oxen is not limited to plowing. In fact, they are seen as “boats on land” for their ability to carry loads. The words “boats on land” underlined in Paragraph 2 refer to __ A. animals for carrying goods B. creatures for pulling plows C. treasures of the folk culture D. tools in the farming economy 11.Some family names were made by adding something to father’s name. English- speaking people added –s or –son . For example, the Johnsons are descendants of John. A later generations B friends and relatives C. colleagues and parterners D. later sponsors 12.My dad often developed the photos himself in our basement. I remember helping him. All the lights had to be turned out while we transferred the negatives from one pan to the other. It was a lot of fun for a small boy. What’s the Chinese meaning of “negatives”? A.负的 B. 底片 C. 消极的 D. 拒绝的 13.A poll of 1000 parents surveyed said their top concern was their daughters’education. Girls tend to outperform boys in their education, and this may lead schools to assume all girls will do better than boys in study. The word “outperform” means ___. A. get along well with B. fall behind C. do better than D. compete with 14.China’s consumer price index (CPI), a measure of inflation (通货膨胀), rose by 0.6 percent since January 2009. The release of these numbers caused talk about possible inflation. How to translate the underlined word? A. 释放 B. 减轻 C. 发布 D.解除 Homework: 根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义。 (1). John drives too fast，and he often drives in the middle of the street．He doesn't watch what
