新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说(上)【全】原文、解析、答案

新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说学生用书第二版听力原文单元3Lesson 3 Economy 1. W: The report says all departments are making a profit except the Asian department. M: Well, Mr. Smith seems to be the wrong person to head that department. One more step wrong and he will be removed from that office. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 2. W: During the last thunderstorm, I noticed several leaks in my bedroom ceiling and they really caused a mess. M: Maybe you have some broken tiles.I have the phone number of a good roofing company that could do a good repair job for you at a reasonable price. Q: What can we conclude from this conversation? 3. W: How did you do on the math exam, John? M: I barely made it. It was just a passing score but better than I had expected. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 4. M: I wonder what makes Mother so upset these days? W: Father is canceling his vacation trip. He promised to take her abroad last year, but the company is again asking father to postpone his vacation. Q: Why is their mother unhappy?5. W: Friday's speaker is supposed to be wonderful. Are you going to attend the seminar that day? M: Yes, but I haven't been able to get a ticket yet. Since the lecture is open to the public, I imagine the tickets may have already been sold out. Q: Why is the man afraid he won't be able to attend the seminar?6. M: Could you lend me your biology notes? W: Do you think you'll be able to make out my handwriting? Q: What does the woman imply about the notes?7. W: Did you pick up my books from Ron's house? M: Sorry. It slipped my mind. Q: What does the man mean?8. W: Would you like to go to the movies with us tonight? M: To the movies? Tonight is the biggest concert of the year. Q: What doesthe man mean? 9. M: Just one person in the whole class got an A on the test! YOU! W: ALL RIGHT Q: What does the woman mean?10. W: We are having a party at our house on the weekend of the 30th. Would you like to join us? M: That sounds like a lot of fun. But I'll need to check my calendar first. Q: What does the man imply? 11. M: I've been running a mile every afternoon for the past month. But I still haven't been able to lose more than a pound or two. I wonder if it's worth it. W: Oh, don't give up now. It always seems hard when you are just starting out. Q: What does the woman mean? 12. M: I'm going to the vegetable stand today. Can I pick up anything for you?W: No, thanks. I just came back from the market myself. Q: What does the woman mean? 13. M: I don't understand why I received such a low grade on my term paper. W: You should make an appointment with the professor to discuss it. Q: What does the woman suggest the man do? 14. M: The sound of all that traffic is driving me out of my mind. W: It is had. But the highway will reopen tomorrow, then we won't have all those cars passing by any more. Q: What does the woman imply? 15. W: I invited your mother to lunch yesterday. But she said she didn't have any free time. M: Yeah. She just got a new job. Q: What does the man mean? Passage I World Trade Organization (WTO) Established on January 1, 1995, World Trade Organization is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It exists to promote a free-market international trade system. The WTO promotes trade by: 1. reducing tariffs; 2. prohibiting import or export bans or quotas; 3. eliminating discrimination against foreign products and services; 4. eliminating other impediments to trade, commonly called "non-tariff trade barriers''. With China's successful entry into WTO in Nov 2001, it currently has135 member countries, accounting for over 90% of world trade. Over 30 others are negotiating membership. The WTO's top-level decision-making body is the ministerial conference which meets at least once every two years. Over three-quarters of WTO members are developing countries. Special provisions for these members are included in the WTO's agreements. GATT is now the WTO's principal rule-book. Decisions are made by the entire membership by consensus or majority vote. The WTO's agreements have been ratified in all members' parliaments. If a trade barrier is found to be unfair, the WTO can authorize the imposition of trade sanctions to force a change in that country's law. The WTO exempts trade barriers which are designed to conserve natural resources or protect health. Critics say the WTO credits agreements are skewed in favor of rich countries. The west may preach trade liberalization, but it has used negotiations to prize third world market while keeping its own barriers intact.1.When was the World Trade Organization established?2. What is the aim of establishing the WTO?3. According to the passage, how many member countries does the WTO currently have?4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?5. What does the WTO do if a trade barrier is found to be unfair in a certain country?1.GATT,2.over 90%,3.the ministerial conference,4.conserve natural resources, protect health,5.in favor of rich countries Passage II President Jiang Zemin Highlights "New Economy" in APEC Address President Jiang Zemin said on November 16, 2000 that in the development of a "New Economy", it is essential to take advantage of the latest developments in science and technology. He made this address at the eighth informal meeting of leaders of the APEC forum. He explained that the "New Economy" refers to the kind of economy initiated and sustainedby new technologies and hi-tech industries. The advancement of technology, led by IT and biotechnology industries, is giving rise to a new industrial revolution, Jiang said. Developing countries are faced with the difficult task of both transforming their traditional industries and developing new industries, Jiang noted, adding that continued expansion of the 'digital divide" has widened the wealth gap between North and South and may trigger new imbalances in the world economy. "Against the background of accelerated economic globalization and the dynamic progress of science and technology, we must facilitate cooperation between developed and developing countries on exchanges of human resources, technology and infrastructure, and we must help countries develop independently to narrow the North-South gap. "T oday, the development, application and impact of science and technology far transcends national boundaries. For example, every major breakthrough made in the human genome project is a crystallization of cooperation between scientists from a number of countries. Only when applied in a global context can the achievements of science and technology benefit people", Jiang said. He also noted that economic globalization should stress the popularization of scientific and technological knowledge. The protection of intellectual property rights should be guided by market rules in such away that the rules will be helpful to the spread of scientific and technological knowledge, so that all countries may benefit, he added. 1.On November 16, 2000. 2.It is essential to take advantage of the latest developments in science and technology. 3.It refers to the kind of economy initiated and sustained by new technologies and hi-tech industries. 4.They are faced with the task of both transforming their traditionalindustries and developing new industries. 5.It should stress the popularization of scientific and technological knowledge. 1.the eighth informal meeting of leaders 2.bio-technology industries, a new industrial revolution 3.has widened the wealth gap, North and South, new imbalances in the world economy 4.developed and developing countries, human resources, technology 5.intellectual property rights, the spread of scientific and technological knowledge, all countries may benefit. PART D 1) opportunity, 2) distinguished guests, 3) his family, 4) Washington, 5) campaign, 6) the very best, 7) differences, 8) involvement, 9) first lady, 10) vice president, 11) cooperation, 12)politics, 13) values, 14) Democrats, 15) unity, 16) foundation, 17) details, 18) consensus, 19) common ground, 20) one nation。

第一单元：CLOZE：BDCAB ADABB DBDAA CCDCB、Translation:1.His dream of becoming a footble star faded out as timewent by .2.A Boeiay/Boeing 747 aircraft didn’t gain enough height to climb the mountain.In a twinking ,it crash into the mountain and blew up .No one survied in the accident.3. Student have easy access to the resource in the libracy. so they are supposed to make the best of it .4.Titanic,the most luxurious ship in the world at the time .hit an icebery when she was under the way to the USA.Consequently, the ship sank into Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck.5.Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach ,they packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunshine.6.They have been to ST louis once and have a vague konwledge of its wonderful food ,but the day of their glory is over now ,they laspse into a humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless lindneer approches. Supplementary Readings第二单元：Vocabulary StudyCLOZE: CBDAD CDBAC BBCCD ABCAC.Translation:1.Some cyber gurus claim that internet will precent wars reduce pollution and combat various of inquality.2.Although,internet can undernible fosters communication, It will not put an end to wars . since wars are by no means cause by the failure of different people to understand each other equlty.3.The internet can help reduce energy comsumption and pollution ,only if doing things online replace realworld activies.4.The poor are not shunning the internet because they cannot affort it the problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it efficiently, therefore, it make more sense to improve universal literacy than universal.5.Thanks to internet ,income inequality between people doing similar jods in different countries has been reduced. however, the inequality between information works in poor countries and their porrest compatroits has been increased.6.If human nature remains stablely changed ,desipte the claim of technologist predict ,humanity cannot simply incent away its failing.Supplementary Readings第三单元：CLOSE: CBDAB DBCCA ACDAC CADABTranslation:1.Many stuies indicate that thedesert air is so dry that it contains any moisture.2.Although the children form age 5 to 16 must go to school in Britain according to the laws ,about 1%of the children still can not read when they have primary school.3.After heared the news ,I knew i fell vestless again within a fornight .4.We think unanimouly to answer the question ,we must look more closely at the faces.5.Though out the world, goverment at all levels are taking effectively measures to prevent environment pollution.6.Some people think that the objective items ,such as multiple choices, should be used for an examation, others donot agree, because they believe that this kind test has some bad effect on students leaning.Supplementary Readings第四单元CLOSE: ACDCB BCCBD CDCBA ADCDBTranslation:1.I find that walking along the quiet lake can provide refreshment form a day is sedentary jod.2.Exercising and relexing youself is often prescribed as an effective cure for fatigue.3.The less active you are ,the faster aging process accelerates and the more vulnerable you became to physical and psychological problems.4.We are collecting money for repairs to the chur .if any of you would like to make a contribution ,we shall be most grateful.5.The scientist are currently focus on making experiment,in hope of finding effective methods to cure cancers. 5.The speach that the chairman delivered at the conferences made much sense to regain the confidence of empolyees.Supplementary Readings第五单元CLOSE :ADBBA DDCBA CCADB DCABATranslation:1.Tt is generally accepted that the upbring of the childild with the home is closely related to the education of the child in school.2.Jennifer is the chief of personal for the NewYork Heracal Tribune ,where she is also responsible editcrical work in the fied of public relations .3. It was two years ago that Jeff met Rose at his sister"s birthaday party ,they had been communited with each other by email since then the more Jeff know Rose ,the more he like her.4. The measure is effective not only in providing job opportunity for the laid-off works ,but also in limiting price increases.5Similarly , they inefficiency treated the political and economical back ground of the cinspiracy.6Tremendacs capital has met the needs of rapid economic growth on one hand and has caused the in flation on the other hand.Supplementary Readings第六单元CLOSE:: BBACB BCAAD CBABD BBCCBTranslation:1.Passing the English examination should enhance your chances of getting the post.2.The discovery of god in the valley will enrish the mountain area.3. Only when police confronted her with evidence ,did she admited that she had stolen the money.4. The meting will afford you an opportunity of hearing good public speakers.5. An offical statement laid to rest the remain fears aout possible redundancies in the industry.6.MARY IS pretty bright ,ASa matter of ,her teacher told me that she is certain to get a university place thisyear.Supplementary Readings第七单元：Vocabulary Study1.downsized2.dynamic3.yield4.had guaranteed5.inflict6.budget7.priority8.accelerating9.shirk 10.vitally11.jiopardize 12.criteriaCLOSE：CDBCA BCBBA DDABA BCCDCTranslation:1.Black people in this area complained to the goverment that they had been subjected to repeated racial attacks from the local police officers.2.The goverment officers are inclined to apply the science and technology to short -term projects ,which is benifical to scientific development.3.The precious manager did not want to invest time and money in training the employees who could leave the company any times,an a result of which ,there was a scrious talent drain.4.We are collecting money for repairs to the church ,if any of you would like to make a contribution ,we shall be most grateful .5.The scientist are currently focus on making expeiments,in hope of finding efctive methods to cure cancers.6.The speach that the chairman delivered at the conferences made much sense to regain the confidence of empolyees.Supplementary Readings第八单元CLOSE: CACDA BAACD DBDCB ACDABTranslation:1.Mexico city is one of the most popucated cities in the world.2.The finding shows that a substantial difference between the opinions of men and woman.3. I can’t remember whether i left my credit card home or in the car .4.We cannot assume the suspects to be gulity simly because they are deliveed to remain silent.5.The main question that faces Chinese economists at present is how to use the price levers and the competition system to direct resources into areas which yield better returns.6.It is assumed in the next 20 years the most surprisiing development will take pace in the space flight ,but now space craft a being developed and they can be used many times instand of only one.Supplementary Readings第九单元：CLOSE: CDBAA DABCC DBCBC DABBATranslation:1.On those days and nights when I was waiting for the results of the Entrance Examination,my heart was filled with wonder(or uncertainty).Iwondered what the fouture held for me,of surprise and excitement or disappointment and sorrow.2.The little girl ran swiftly to catch up with her mother and stretched out her hand to her mother,crying for more candies and drinks.But the mother persisted that they had bought encough.3.His wife was sent into the operation room.He walked to and fro outside,smoking one cigarette after another.When he saw the door opened,he felt a thrill of tenseness.4.Under the gaze of his colleagues,he flushed with embarrassment and bowwed hi head.He casually took up a newspaper and hid hi face behind it,petending to be reading it.5.They fixed all their attention on the research project on hand.They believed that as long as they didn’t lose heart,they woule succeed in thesse experiments in time.6.She had just given birth to an infant when her husband left/deserted her.In despair,she shut herself and the infant in aroom,claiming that they would perish together.Thanks to the policemen who came in time,the mother and the daughter escaped death by a hair’s breath(or had a narrow escape).Supplementary Readings第十单元：CLOSE：CABBD ADADA DDCCC BCADATranslation:1.we must figure out how to solve the tissue-rejecuion problem.2.his behavior under fire approved him a man of courage.3.In addition to the impressiveness of the settings,there is aue of the camera that at times seems magical.4.At first,no ready technical data were available,but we managed to go without.5.She has some difficulty in giving shape to her ideas.But she resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.6.The most part of their designs corresponds to actual needs and regulations on environmental demand,the other part needs reconsidering.第十一单元：CLOSE：ACDAB DCACB CCADC DBDADTranslation:1.The main concern of the people is that if China’s urban economy can not join international intercourse,our country will be in a disadvantageous situation in the world market.2.Smuggling operations not only disorder out markets,and evade custom duty,but also harm the survival and development of national industry.3.To promote the rapid development of economy the government is trying to restore public confidence in its management of the econmy.4.This popular theory must be discarded in the light of new findings for the benefit of the majority of the people.5.In order to protec t the environment,traditional farming methods are coming into use in many areas in Europe.6.Because of the time limit and the shortage of human resources,the firm has not yet managed to find new premises that are suitable for their purpose.Supplementary Readings第十二单元Vocabulary Study:1.proactive2.disseminate3.incentive4.leverage5.facilitate6.precedent7.demonstratedpensation9.justify 10.implement 11.initiative 12.preventiveCLOSE:ADBCA CAADD BBDAD DCCBCTranslation:1.Electronic communication tools facilitate information sharing by enabling people to send one another messages,files,data and images.2.The only way to differentiate yourself form the competition is through service.3.The less there is to justify atraditional custom,the harder it is to get rid of it.4.In high school,students should build on their prior knowledge,learning more-varied and more-sophisticated problem-solving techniques.5.You are not required to simply memorize information. You must be able to demonstrate that you can use that information and apply it in a practical way.6.A well-balanced life is necessary to live in today’sworle. Without a well-balanced life a person can neither function properly nor develop into a well-rounded individoual.Supplementary Readings第十三单元CLOSE: CDBCC DADAB ABCCB DBDDATranslation:1.Planning so far ahead makes no sense.So many things will have changed by next year.2. The main problem that people are facing ing the 21st century is that the rapid increase of population is a heavy burden for developing countries.3.The key is that in regard to the modern scientific and technical books,especially textbooks,their authors should revise them at short intervals if they wish to keep pace with the times.4.The company has been accused of trying to seel their products under the guise of market research in order to get more profits since 1989.5.Tears are a natural form of expression.As they can convey a multitude of feelings,such as happiness,sadness,loneliness,fear,comfort,anger,or frustration,it provides ahealthy outlet for emotions.6.On one hand,the Government of China has has already made great efforts to mobilize people to improve the ecological environment in the light of local conditions. On the other hand,greater efforts should be made to further raise people’s awareness of the environment and spread knowledge about the environment. Supplementary Readings第十四单元CLOSE: ABBDC CADCC BDABC ACADDTranslation:1.All the employees in the company are confident that before too long we will make a wise decision on this.2.Twenty years ago,because of his unemployment ,he couldn’tafford to buy a bicycle,let alone a car.3.Despite the fact there was almost no hope of finding the missing boy,the search party still went on looking.4.Unfortunately,George cannot be with us today so I am pleased to accept this reward on his behalf.5.Currently,the individuals who might have caused the accident are under investigation.6.It was suggested that as the largest non-public high-tech industry in China,they should devote themselves to the development of their own products instead of simply assembling for foreign companies.Supplementary Readings第十五单元Supplementary Readings。

Unit11. When you are asked to fill out an application form, you are often required to write downyour permanent address.2. All the employees had assembled in the hall before the meeting started.3. The porters are busy discharging the cargo from the ship onto the dock.4. Jack spoke to his boss meekly because he was late again for the work.5. He worked as a(n)apprentice until he became skillful.6. A teacher should not show partiality to one particular student.7. The politician made a speech full of obscure political jokes and many people fell asleepduring his speech.8. Mary has been exalted to the position of personnel manager due to her hard work.9. You look quite busy now. I hope I am not intruding.10. The delegation was cordially welcomed by the local government.11. Ben told his mother that his ambition was to become an astronaut in the future.12. The captured solider faced up gallantly to the Nazi enemy and said that he would neverbetray his motherland.1.他想当足球明星的梦想随着时间的推移慢慢消退了。

Unit 3 Schools and UniversitiesThinking Ahead1. Do you like your university? Describe your dream university.Well, I love it. It is awesome! I’ve never had so much fun or learned so much about a topic, or most importantly, learned so much about myself. I’ve met so many great and diverse people and been in situations that I never thought I’d ever be in. I would not trade my years at the university for anything.My dream university is the one where I can breathe the cool air and chat with my easy-going friends about our common interest freely. The beautiful campus with a lake and extensive parkland greenery is a must. Moreover, I dreamed of joining numerous student clubs and other organizations which demonstrate the breadth of student interests in academic and career areas, social issues, athletics and much more. In my opinion, studying in a university is an experience that goes far beyond lectures, and the academic life should be dynamic and vibrant（生气勃勃的）.2. How do you make use of the facilities and resources in your university?My university boasts numerous facilities including library, gym, pub, etc, among which the library and gym are the two which I make full use of. As for me, study is still the priority. The library facility includes traditional reading areas where silence is the rule; there, it is less likely to be distracted by the noise outside. There are also areas designated for group study where you can communicate and interact with your colleagues for group projects. Also, the enormous collections of the books help to broaden my horizon and the library staff provide us with the effective Internet searching strategy, which enables me to study independently.Moreover, being in good physical health is critical to maintaining good academic standing as well as quality of life. The campus gym offers enormous facility with spaces and programs for students at all levels of physical skill and activity. I go to gym three times a week to get good workout. It helps me to relax and release the stress, and concentrate easily on my academic study.Part I Video TimeTask 1TranscriptThe University of OxfordOxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world, a city that lives and breathes education, a place where you can think rigorously, where you can grow intellectually, an institution that has been educating world changing leaders for over 800 years, and draws together the finest men across the globe. At Oxford, you have all the resources of the Oxford University at your fingertips, some of the finest libraries, academic departments, and research labs in the world.“Oxford is the pre-eminent research university that, when it does things, it does things at the very very highest level. And serious-research universities are places where the cleverest people on the planet think really hard about the hardest problems on the planet.”“I would say that the things that strike me the most about Oxford, what I do appreciate about it the most is that it taught me to think again. That the spirit in the air, of learning, of feeling like you are a part of a long legacy of centuries of academic excellence, and being around people also who reaffirm that.”As a student at the Oxford University, you become a member of an Oxford college, which contains a wealth of history and tradition. There are 39 different colleges in the university; each has its own academic fellowship and individual student community. The colleges have their own dining hall, library, cultural groups and sports teams. Your college will give you opportunity to meet other brilliant students from all areas of academic study, from astrophysicist to archeologist, from scientists to engineers. Oxford is an ancient and beautiful city; at the same time, it is modern and vibrant.Whenever things enclose proximity, you can cycle from pubs to parks and from museums to galleries. Oxford has excellent transport connections, and it is one hour from London and Heathrow Airport. Exercise 1 Watching for Details1) Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world, a city that lives and breathes education, a place where you can think rigorously, where you can grow intellectually, an institution that has been educating world changing leaders for over 800 years, and draws together the finest men across the globe. At Oxford, you have all the resources of Oxford University at your fingertips, some of the finest libraries, academic departments, and research labs in the world.2) As a student at the Oxford University, you become a member of an Oxford College, which containsa wealth of history and tradition, the colleges have their own academic fellowship and individual student community. The College has its own dining hall, library, cultural groups and sports teams.3) Oxford has excellent transportation connections and it is one hour from London and Heathrow Airport.Exercise 2 Essay WritingSampleThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Studying AbroadIn recent years, there has been a growing trend toward studying abroad among young people. When pursuing educational opportunities overseas is widely considered as a life-transforming opportunity, students should take on a number of challenges. Below are some specific advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad.Studying abroad allows one to gain a real knowledge of a new culture and a new language. By interacting and communicating with native speakers daily, students can enhance their foreign language skills. They will simultaneously explore the values and ways of life of the host country. For example, Asian students might be surprised to find that communication in Western countries is starkly open and straightforward, in sharp contrast to the intense use of non-verbal messages in communication in their home countries. Not surprisingly, even simple everyday experiences, such as buying food and mailing letter, can help improve language proficiency and promote culture learning. It gives students new perspectives on how things are done.During their overseas trips, many students will learn how to take care of themselves and live independently. They might have initial difficulties in fulfilling even the simplest tasks at the very beginning, such as grocery shopping, doing laundry, making living arrangements and setting accounts for electricity, but before long, they will adapt to the new environment and become self-sufficient. Moreover, by interacting with people from different backgrounds, overseas students can exercise and improve their social skills, an experience which is of great value to their careers later in life.While studying abroad has its advantages, it might have its drawbacks. Most of the students are lack of life experience when they first travel overseas. Failure to cope with the problems that arise from their everyday lives might cause frustration. They feel helpless, suffer homesick and in worse cases, have a breakdown.As suggested above, studying abroad poses both opportunities and challenges. While young people can become polyglots and independent individuals, gain opportunities for personal growth and develop an appreciation of cultural differences, they have to cope with the stress of living oversea.(顾家北，2008) Task 2TranscriptThe Hall of Residence in the University of DerbyLiving in halls is a great opportunity to socialize with hundreds of people from all over the country, and quite likely all over the world. At the University of Derby, every first year who wants a place can have a place in halls, you can apply online once you got an unconditional offer, and we guarantee a place to all first years who apply before the 31st August. The university has five city center halls in Derby, and all the halls are a short walk from the university sites. It is really easy to get around city and university buses link all the halls. The buses run regularly, and you are living in halls, you get vouchers for a number of free trips. Alternatively, if you want to bring your car or a bike, all the halls have car parks and bike sheds. Derby is a great city, with something on most nights: fantastic shopping at the New West Field Center, and a friendly and vibrant atmosphere. It is also close to places like the Peak National Park for walking, biking or climbing.Your room will most likely be one of four or six in a flat, you can choose from a standard room where you share a shower and toilet with your flat mates, and an En-suite room, or a premium en-suite room, with its own mini-fridge and the use of TV lounge for all the people in the flat. If you have specific health or medical issue, we can also provide you with the room specially-adapted for your needs. Each room has Internet access, and connection to the university network. A phone which comes with free internal calls and a TV aerial point. Your booking fee also covers contents insurance for your room.Hall staff is on hand 24 hours a day, and resident safety is our priority. There is CCTV on all sites and intercom systems in every flat to keep you safe and secure. Our staff has years of experience in dealing with all manner of welfare issues. So you can be sure that you are in safe hands. Living in halls is very good value for money, and compares favorably with private accommodation. Heating, lighting and hot water are all included; once you’ve paid your whole fees, all you have to budget for is food and going out. Cleaners come to your flat once a week, and cover the kitchen, shower, toilet and other shared areas. But your room is down to you. Each hall has a coin-operated laundry, containing large washers and dryers, so there is no excuse to take washing home at the weekends.Every hall also has its own common room, where you can relax and socialize away from your room. These contain wide-screen TVs and DVD players, pool tables and other entertainment. As well as studying, living in halls is also about community, and having time to socialize. The halls run all sorts of activities, and helps you get to know your neighbors better, and make new friends. There are events, such as pool competitions, barbecues and quizzes; and on the first weekend, a welcome-to- halls party. Your time in hall should be a great experience and one that you will never forget. We are here to support you along the way.Exercise 1 Making a Sound JudgmentF 1) Every student who applies for the university can be guaranteed a place in the hall of residence. T 2) The buses that link the halls are free of charge.T 3) Specially-adapted rooms are provided to the students with health or medical issue.T 4) Each room in the hall of residence has Internet access to the university network.F 5) You can relax and enjoy yourself in your room which contains a lot of recreational facilities,such as wide-screen TV and DVD players.Exercise 2 Watching for Details1) B2) C3) BPart II Listening ActivitiesTask 1TranscriptFreshers’ WeekFreshers’ Week at universities can be a nerve-wracking experience.The UK has a well-respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. But to those who are new to it all, it can be overwhelming andsometimes confusing.October is usually the busiest month in the academic calendar. Universities have something called Freshers’ Week for their newcomers. It’s a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs and settle into university life.However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the prospect of meeting lots of strangers in big halls can be nerve-wracking. Where do you start? Who should you make friends with? Which clubs should you join?Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you worrying about starting their university social life on the right foot. So just take it all in slowly. Don’t rush into anything that you’ll regret for the next three years.Here are some top tips from past students on how to survive Freshers’Week:●Blend in. Make sure you are aware of British social etiquette. Have a few wine glasses andsnacks handy for your housemates and friends.●Be hospitable. Sometimes cups of tea or even slices of toast can give you a head start inmaking friends.●Be sociable. The more acti ve you are, the more likely you’ll be to meet new people than ifyou’re someone who never leaves their room.●Bring a doorstop. Keep your door open when you’re in and that sends positive messages toyour neighbors that you’re friendly.So with a bit of clever planning and motivation, Freshers’Week can give you a great start to your university life and soon you’ll be passing on your wisdom to next year’s new recruits.Exercise 1 Making a Sound JudgmentT 1) Although UK has the excellent education system and some top universities, the newcomers still feel confused sometimes.F 2) The newcomers tend to feel very excited and happy in Freshers’ Week.T 3) It is a great opportunity to make new friends to join many clubs in Freshers’ Week.F 4) Every freshman feels very comfortable in making new friends and joining clubs.Exercise 2 Listening for DetailsTips on How to S urvive Freshers’ Week●Blend in. Make sure you are aware of British etiquette. Have a few wine and snacks handy foryour housemates and friends.●Be _hospitable. Sometimes cups of tea or even slices of toast can give you a head start in makingfriends.●Be sociable.The more active you are, the more likely you’ll be to meet new people.●Bring a doorstop. Keep your door open when you are in and that sends positive messages to yourneighbors that you’re friendly.Task 2TranscriptA Dialogue between a Teacher and a StudentDr Richardson: Enter, please.David Simons: Good afternoon, Dr Richardson.Dr Richardson:Good afternoon. You’re David Simons, is that right?David Simons:Yes. I’ve an appointment to talk about the course requirements with you.Dr Richardson:Fine. Now why don’t you take a seat over there and I’ll just get some details from you. First, can I have your home address and your student number?David Simons: Th at’s 15 Market Avenue, Hornsby and my student number is C97H85.Dr Richardson:OK. Now I see here that you’ve already completed18 credit points, but that you haven’t done the Screen Studies course which is normally a prerequisite for this course. Why is that, David?David Simons:Oh, the course coordinator gave me an exemption because I’ve worked for a couple of years in the movie and television business and they considered my practical experience fulfilled the same requirements.Dr Richardson: Fine. Shall we go over the course requirements first, and then you can bring up any queries or problems you might have. It might be most useful to start with a few dates. The final examination will be in the last week of June, that’s the week of the 23rd. but the final date hasn’t been set. It should be the 25th or the 20th, but you don’t have to worry about that yet. Before that, as you can see in your study guide, there are three essay assignments and some set exercises. I’ll deal with these first. These set exercises are concerned with defining concepts and key terms.They do have fixed answers not in the wording but in the content. To that extent they are quite mechanical, and provide an opportunity for you to do very well as long as your answers are very specific and clear.David Simons: Yes, I see there are about twenty terms here. How long should the answers be?Dr Richarson:You shouldn’t exceed 250 words for each term.David Simons: Right. That looks easy enough. And the third assignment seems fairly straightforward too. Just a journalistic type review of a recent development in television. It’s not so different from what I’ve done in my work.Dr Richarson:Yes, it should be fairly easy for you, but don’t exceed 1,000 words on that one. Essays1 and2 are the long ones. The first essay should be about 2,000 words and the second 2,500 to3,000, and the approach for both should be analytical. In the first one, your focus should be on TV and the audience, and you should primarily consider the theoretical issues, particularly in relation to trying to understand audience studies. In the second, I’ll want you to focus on analyzing television programs.David Simons: Should I concentrate on one particular type of program for that?Dr Richarson: Not necessarily. But you must be careful not to overextend yourself here. A comparison between two programs or even between two channels is fine, or a focus on one type of program, such as a particular series, works well here.David Simons: So if I wanted to look at television news programs, that would be OK?Dr Richarson:Yes, there would be no problem with that. In fact it’s quite a popular choice, and most students handle it very well.David Simons:Good. I’ll probably do that, because it’s the area I want to work in later.Exercise 1 Listening for Global Understanding1) D2) B3) DExercise 2 Listening for DetailsAssignment set exercise assignment1 assignment2 assignment3 Description mechanical theoretical analytical journalisticAdditional ListeningTranscriptCampus FacilitiesHi, I am your counselor for this year. Today we will visit the facilities available to you on our campus. As students, you should take advantage of everything you have available to you.How many of you like sports? Well, I hope most of you do, because our school has great sports facilities. We have an indoor gym with state of the art equipment. First I want to tell you about our basketball facilities. There are 2 basketball courts, both are full court and open for student use. We offer basketball leagues that all students are invited to join, just sign up with a team. Usually there are games on the courts, but during the league time, only the teams are allowed to use the courts. The basketball courts are open 24 hours a day. If you want a job, you can be a referee at the games.Next, I want to tell you about the tennis facilities. We have 5 tennis courts available for student use. The tennis courts are open everyday 8 am until 10 in the evening. You should call ahead to reserve a court, because they are very popular and can often be booked weeks in advance. There are rackets and balls available for rent at the front desk of the courts.There is an Olympic size swimming pool that is open for students and the general public. There are also showers and locker rooms available. The swimming pool is open everyday 9 am until 7 in the evening. There are openings for the position of lifeguards, so if you are looking for a job in the sun, this might be good for you.There are also 2 weight rooms and a gymnastics room. The weight rooms have all the standard equipment available. Please check with the gym to see the open hours, because they vary from time to time. The gymnastics room is usually not open for individual users because there are almost always classes held in the room. However, if you are interested, you may sign up for gymnastics classes. Plus if you like martial arts and boxing, we offer classes for everyone, from beginners to advanced students. Please check the schedule for availability. There is everything available from Chinese Wushu to Brazilian wrestling.I will talk for a brief moment about our library system. Our campus has 3 libraries available to undergraduate students, one additional graduate library, and one faculty library. The libraries are open daily until midnight, except for during testing periods, when the libraries will be open 24 hours. Please look on a map to see where the libraries are located. All students with a valid ID can check out books, with a maximum of 10 books at a time. Books can be checked out for a 2 weeks period, and then renewed for a one month maximum. After that, there is a 1$ fine per week that the book is overdue. I will repeat that…There is a hefty one dollar fine per week! So it is a good idea to r eturn books on time. If you lose a book, then you will have to repay the library for it, plus a fine. If you damage a book, most likely you will have to repay the value of the book. So please, enjoy the library facilities, but take care of the school’s bel ongings. The library is also equipped with 200 computers for student use. They are all internet ready and available for use. You must sign up at the library for 1 hour timeslots. You may sign up for up to 3 consecutive slots at a time. No one can use the computers without first signing in at the library.That is it for now. Thank you for your attention.Exercise 1 Listening for Details1) How many hours are the basketball courts open each day?The basketball courts are open 24 hours a day.2) What kind of job do the basketball courts offer?The basketball counts offer the position of referrees at games.3) How many tennis courts are available for students?There are five tennis courts available for students.4) What kind of job does the swimming pool offer?The swimming pool offers the position of lifeguards.5) What should you do if you are interested in gymnastics?You may sign up for gymnastics classes.。

研究生公共英语教材答案【篇一：新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读b 课后答案】p class=txt>p8 i comprehension check1-5 dcdab 6-10 ddcabp10 vocabulary studyi 1-5 cbadb 6-10 cdbcdii 1.etiquette 2.looped 3.unaccountable 4.told off 5. conspicuously 6. pesky 7.let loose 8.racy9.murky 10.ticklishiii translationp14 key to supplementary readingsa.1-5 ffftt 6-10 ftfttb.1-5 ftftf 6-10 ftftfunit two the new singlesp29 i comprehension check1-5 bdbdc 6-10 accadp31 vocabulary studyi 1.neo-realist 2.neo-nazis 3.neo-fascist 4.neocolonialism 5. neologisms 6.neo-darwinist7.neoclassical 8. neonatesii 1.fostering 2.reaved 3.holy grail 4.mainstay 5.twenty-somethings 6.heterosexuals 7.mandatory8.embracing 9.meditating 10.fusioniii translationkey to supplementary readings(略)unit three doctor’s dilemma:treat or let die?p51 comprehension check1-5 bccbd 6-10 dcdadp53 vocabulary studyi 1.outstrip 2.limbo 3.ceased 4. in the wake of 5. paramount6.ethical7.prolonged8. thorny9.congenital 10.subsequentlyii 1.euthanasia 2.salvaged 3.deformity 4.defects 5. handicaps 6.lingering 7. grapple 8. allegedly9.acquitted 10.frontiersiii translationp59 key to supplementary readingsa. 1-5 ftftf 6-10 tttftb. 1-5 ffttf 6-10 tftffunit four the cultural patterning of spacep71 comprehension check1-5 babcc 6-9 dddbp73 vocabulary studyi 1-5 begja 6-10 hcifdii 1.anthropologists 2. patterns 3.tangible 4. persistent 5. infringe 6. integrate 7. secular 8. spatial9.florist’s 10.architectureiii translationunit five can you raise a polite kid in this rude world?p94 comprehension check1-5 bdadb 6-9 aadbp95 vocabulary studyi 1-5 deigj 6-10 hfabcii 1.provocative 2. notional 3. curb 4.devastating 5. appalling 6.perspective 7. counterpart 8. fray9.defuse 10.frustratediii translationunit six the new american dreamersp115 comprehension check1-5 deaac 6-10 dcdabp117 vocabulary studyi outgoing 2.petite 3.emphatically 4.self-possessed 5. quest6.personable7. fantasized8. buy into9.defer 10.caught upii 1.involved 2. committed 3. figure out 4. convinced 5.affluent 6. tied down 7. quest 8. the end of the rainbow 9.therapeutic 10. formulatingiii translationp126 key to supplementary readingsa. 1-5 ccbdd 6-8 aaab. 1-5 ffftf 6-10 tttftunit seven a son’s restless journeyp143 comprehension check1-5 abdcb 6-8 dabp144 vocabulary studyi 1.carped 2. embodied 3. agonized 4. outright 5. peered6.mediocre7. inundated8. bucked9. snarling at 10.petered outii 1.obsolete 2.wince 3.grueling 4. whizzed through 5. pretentious 6.squelched 7.mull 8. jaded 9. misgivings 10. sanctuary 11.unfazed 12.posed 13.scoffed 14. misbehavediii translationp150 key to supplementary readingsa.1-5 dccdb 6-10 abaabb. 1-5 ftftf 6-10 fttff 11-15 ttffft eight sex rolesp169 comprehension check1-5 dcaba 6-10 ccbadp171 vocabulary studyi 1-5 jhgab 6-10 idcfeii 1. aggressive 2. stereotyped 3. inhibit 4. masculine5.disapproval6.subsistence7. speculate8.perceive 9. socialize 10.proneiii translationp181 key to supplementary readingsa.b.1-5 tfftt 6-9 tfttunit nine animal emotionsp193 comprehension check1-5 dadcc 6-10 bbacdp195 vocabulary studyi 1. parlance 2. stringent 3. ascribed 4. symposium 5. copious6. aversion to7. warrant8. manipulated9. garnered 10.lingered ii 1. hormones 2. predators 3.elated 4. elicited 5. entail 6. anecdotes 7. controversial 8. legitimize 9. wake 10.dejectedly iii translationp200 key to supplementary readingsa. 1-5 ttttf 6-10 ftfftb. 1-5 tfftt 6-10 fftftunit ten is science dangerous?p214 comprehension check1-5 bbdac 6-10 bcadbp216 vocabulary studyi 1.standing by 2. conjured up 3. cherishes 4. stick to 5. shoulder 6. siblings 7. came by 8. dressing up 9.tyranny 10. come into playii 1. reverberates 2. appropriate 3. dispassionately 4. emphatically 5. rationed 6. enlightened 7. proscribed 8. blameworthy 9. confidentiality 10. implicationiii translationp222 key to supplementary readingsa.1-5 ttfft 6-10 tftttb. 1-5 tffft 6-10 tffft【篇二：新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说答案】1）practical （2）religious（3）sunday school（4）piano （5）a walk （6）join them（7）other people （8）go to the cinema（9）at the time（10）duty（11）gentle（12）discussion （13）penniless（14）vivid（15）greeted （16）love and warmth（17）come home （18）principles（19）applying2.part d1) 1947 2) yale law school 3) a brave face 4) family life 5) stood by 6) on her husbands behalf 7) highlight 8) the white house9) relationship 10) her marriage11)all americans 12) the first lady 13) 1996 14) law firm15) public stage16)everybody 17) the same thing 18) in private 19) public responsibilities 20) a true home3.part d1) opportunity, 2) distinguished guests, 3) his family, 4) washington, 5) campaign, 6) the very best, 7) differences, 8) involvement, 9) first lady, 10) vice president, 11) cooperation, 12)politics, 13) values, 14) democrats, 15) unity, 16) foundation, 17) details, 18) consensus, 19) common ground, 20) one nation 4.part d1) honor and pleasure 2) the families and friends 3) encouragement. 4) 1968.5) proud 6) capable 7) learning and preparation 8) a formal education, 9) responsibilities 10) possibilities. 11) an exceptional education 12) ambitious 13) worthiest 14) personal satisfaction 15) harvard friends 16) education, 17) understanding 18) happiness and success 19) memories of harvard 20)undergraduates5.part d1) audience 2) text 3) the whole group 4) emphasize 5) straight6)technician7) microphone 8) careful 9) side 10) value11) apology 12) message 13)best public speakers 14) shortest 15) achallenge16) poet 17) admiration 18) fifteen 19) profession 20) effectiveness7.part d1)24th 2) 1817, 3) small country towns, 4) a great place,5) live,6)toohot,7)destroying8)three,9) read and write, 10) politics,11) greatest,12) 31st, l3) 1850,14) entertainment15) income, 16) well-off,17) sixth,18) beauty,19) dozen,20) even though8.part d1)influential; 2) independence; 3) measurement; 4) inspired; 5) achievement; 6) millionaires; 7) lifetime; 8) are willing to; 9) sympathy; 10) spiritual; 11) estates; 12) enduring; 13) positive;14) freedom; 15) capacity; 16) blessing; 17)open; 18)self-discipline; 19)security; 20)benefit9.part d1) broadcast 2) last night 3) effect 4) 19805) actual6) uncertain7) looked like 8) state 9) networks 10) 7:52 11) competing 12) as possible 13) lead14) unexpected 15) suddenly 16) 80% 17) everybody else18) reduced 19) some20) later on.10.part d1) 2) 3) 4) 5), 6) . 7) 8). 12) 15) , 20) 11.part d1) 5) 6) 7) 8) . 11) 13) 17) , 18) 19) 20) .【篇三：新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读a第1-14单元答案+课文翻译(全)】young boy’s ambitionvocabulary study：1.permanent2.had assembled3.discharging4.meekly5.apprentice6.partiality7.obscure8.exalted9.intruding 10.cordially 11.ambition 12.gallantlycloze：bdcab adabb dbdaa ccdcb、Ⅳ. translation1.他想当足球明星的梦想随着时间的推移慢慢消退了。

Lesson OnePassage 1 American MusicOne of America's most important exports is her modern music. American music is played all over the world. It is enjoyed by people of all ages in every country. Although the lyrics are in English, people who don't speak English can enjoy it too. The reasons for its popularity are its fast pace and rhythmic beat.Music has many origins in the United States. Country music, coming from the rural areas in the southern United States, is one source. Count music features simple themes and melodies describing day-to-day situations and the feelings of country people. Many people appreciate this music because of the emotions expressed by country music songs.A second origin of American pop music is the blues. It depicts mostly sad feeling reflecting the difficult lives of American blacks. It is usually played and sung by black musicians, but it is popular with all Americans.Rock music is a newer form of music. This music style, featuring fast and repetitious rhythms, was influenced by the blues and country music. It was first known as rock-and-roll in the 1950s. Since then, there have been many forms of rock music: hard rock, soft rock and others. Many performers of rock music are young musicians.American pop music is marketed to a demanding audience. Now pop songs are heard on the radio several times a day. Some songs have become popular all over the world. People hear these songs sung in their original English or sometimes translated into other languages. The words may differ but the enjoyment of the music is universal.Passage 2 Music in Different CulturesIn western culture, music is regarded as good by birth, and sounds that are welcome are said to be "music to the ears". In some other cultures, for example, the lslamic culture, it is of little value, associated with sin and evil, In the West and in the high cultures of Asia, it is said that there are three types of music. First classical music, composed and performed by trained professionals originally under the support of courts and religious establishments; second, folk music, shared by the population at large and passed on orally; and third, popular music, performed by professionals, spread through radio, television, records, film, and print, and consumed by the mass public.Music is a major component in religious services, theater, and entertainment of all sorts. The most universal use of music is as a part of religious rituals. In some tribal societies, music appears to serve as a special form of communication with supernatural beings, and its prominent use in modern Christian and Jewish servicesmay be the leftover of just such an original purpose. Another less obvious function of music is social adherence. For most social groups, music can serve as a powerful symbol. Members of most societies share keen feelings as to what kind of music they "belong to": Indeed, some minorities including, in the U.S.A., black Americans and Euro-American groups use music as a major symbol of group identity. Music also symbolizes military, patriotic and funerary moods and events. In a more general sense, music may express fifes central social values of a society. In western culture, the interrelationship of conductor and orchestra symbolizes the need for strong cooperation among various kinds of specialists in a modern industrial society. Passage 3Music comes in many forms; many countries have a style of their own. Poland has its folk music. Hungary has its czardas. Argentina is famous for the tango. The U.S. is known for just a type of music that has gained worldwide popularity.Jazz is American's contribution to popular music. While classical music follows formal European tradition, jazz is a rather free form. It is full of energy, expressing the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz sounded like America. And so it does today.The origins of jazz are as interesting as the music itself. Jazz was invented by black Americans, who were brought to the southern states as slaves.They were sold to farm owners and forced to work long hours in the cotton and tobacco fields. The work was hard and life was short, When a slaver died his friends and relatives would gather and carry the body to have a ceremony before they buried him.There was always a band with them. On the way to the ceremony, the band played slow solemn music suitable for the situation. But on the way home, the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Everyone was happy. Death had removed one of their members, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played happy music. This music made everyone want to dance. This was an early form of jazz.Music has always been important to African-Americans. The people, who were unwillingly brought to America from West Africa, had a rich musical tradition. In the fields, they made up work songs. Singing made the hard work go faster. And when they accepted Christianity, these songs became lovely spirituals, which have become an everlasting part of American music.Lesson TwoPassage 1 Holidays in Britain and the UsPeople in the US get a two-week paled vacation from their job every year. Most British people have four or five weeks paid holiday a year. Americans often complain that two weeks are not enough, especially when they hear about the longerholidays that Europeans enjoy. In addition, there are eight days in each European country, which are public holidays (the British call them Bank Holidays) and many of these fall on a Monday, giving people along weekend.What do people do in Britain and the US when they are on holidays? In the US, outdoor vacations are popular, for example, at the Grand Canyon, Yellowstone or other national parks and forests. Young people may go walking or camping in the mountains. Many people have small trailers in which to travel, or if they have a car, they may stay at motets on the journey, Disneyland and Disneyworld are also popular. In addition, people can go skiing in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, Wyoming and Montana. Some children go to summer camp for a holiday during the summer vacation from school, where they do special activities, such as sports or crafts. When Americans want a holiday for fun in the sun, they usually go to Florida, Hawaii, Mexico or the Caribbean. They may go to Europe for culture, for example, to see art, plays, and places of historic interest.In Britain, many people like to go to the seaside for holidays. There are places near the sea, such as Black pool, Scarborough and Bournemouth, where there is plenty to do, even when it rains. People also like to go to the countryside, especially to walk, in places like Scotland, Wales and the Lake District. When the British go abroad they usually want to go somewhere warm. Spain and the Spanish islands of Majorea and Lbiza are popular, as are other places in southern Europe. For skiing, people often go to the Alps.Passage 2 Welcoming the New YearEvery country in the world celebrates New '(ear but not everyone does it on the same day. The countries of North and South America and Europe welcome the New Year on January l, This practice’ began with the Romans. Julius Caesar, a Raman ruler, changed the date of the New Year from the first day of March to the first day of January. In the Middle East, New Year is on the day when spring begins. People in China celebrate it on the Spring Festival, which is the first day of their lunar calendar. The Spring Festival usually comes between January 21 and February 19. Rosh Hashanah, which is the Jewish New Year, comes at the end of summer.In all of these cultures, there is a tradition of making noise. People made noise in ancient times to drive away the evil spirits from home. Today many people do it with fireworks. In Japan, people go from house to house making noise with drums and bamboo sticks. Young people in Denmark throw broken pieces of jars or pots against the sides of friends' houses.In the United States, many people stay up until midnight on New Year's Eve to watch the clock pass from one year to the next. Friends often gather together at a party on New Year's Eve, and when the New Year comes, all ring bells, blow horns,blow whistles, and kiss each other.In many European countries, families start the new year by first attending church service, which is followed by paying calls to friends and relatives. Italian boys and girls receive gifts of money on New Year's Day.New Year's Day is more joyful than Christmas in France and Scotland. In these countries Christmas is a religious holiday only, while the New Year is the time for gift-giving, parties, and visits.Passage 3 The Spring FestivalThe Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese. It comes on the first day of the first month according to Chinese lunar calendar. It marks the beginning of a new year. It is also an occasion for family reunion. Family members and relatives get together to say goodbye to the old year and greet the new one. Guonian means "passing the year. People start preparing for it half a month before it comes. They clean their houses thoroughly, decorate them and even paint them; they buy new clothes for children, and they prepare food for the big feast on the eve of the festival. On the eve of the festival, the whole extended family comes together for a big dinner.Dumplings are a must for this festival dinner in northern China, while for southerners niangao - a sticky sweet rice pudding - is the traditional food for this occasion. People stay up until midnight chatting, playing mahjong or watching TV. At the turn of the old and the New Year, people used to let off firecrackers to greet the arrival of the New Year, In the old days people believed setting off firecrackers could drive away the evil spirits.But now, people make phone calls or send messages on mobile phones to exchange New Year's greetings. Early in the morning, children greet their parents and are given Hongbao - cash tucked inside red envelopes. The Lantern Festival, on the 15th of the first month according to the lunar calendar, is considered the formal end of the Spring Festival. It is an occasion of lantern displays and folk dances everywhere. One typical food is Yuanxiao - dumplings made of sweet rice rolled into balls with all sorts of filling. The Spring Festival is a national holiday. For most people, it lasts seven days. In the past, people stayed with their families at home. Few traveled during the holiday. Nowadays things have changed.Lesson ThreePassage 1 World Trade OrganizationEstablished on January l, 1995, World Trade Organization is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It exists to promote a free-market international trade system. The WTO promotes trade by:1. reducing tariffs;2. prohibiting import or export bans or quotas;3. eliminating discrimination against foreign products and services;4. eliminating other impediments to trade, commonly called "non-tariff trade barriers".The WTO currently has 134 member countries, accounting for over 90% of world trade. Over 30 0thers are negotiating membership. The WTO's top level decision-making body is the ministerial conference which meets at least once ever3r two years, Over three-quarters of WTO members are developing countries. Special provisions for these members are included in the WTO agreements. GATT is now the WTO's principal rule book.Decisions are made by the entire membership by consensus or majority vote. The WTO's agreements have been ratified in all members' parliaments. If a trade barrier is found to be unfair, the WTO can authorize the imposition of trade sanctions to force a change in that country's law. The WTO exempts trade barriers which are designed to conserve natural resources or protect health.Critics say the WTO agreements are skewed in favor of rich countries. The West may preach trade liberalization, but it has used negotiations to prize third world markets while keeping its own barriers intact.Passage 2President Jiang Zemin said on November 16, 2000 that in the development of a “New Economy”, it is essential to take advantage of the latest developments in science and technology. He made this address at the eighth informal meeting of leaders of the APEC forum. He explained that the "New Economy" refers to the kind of economy initiated and sustained by new technologies and hi-tech industries. "The advancement of technology, led by IT and bio-technology industries, is giving rise to a new industrial revolution", Jiang said.Developing countries are faced with the difficult tasks of both transforming their traditional industries and developing new industries, Jiang noted, adding that the continued expansion of the "digital dude" has widened the wealth gap between North and South and may trigger new imbalances in the world economy."Against the background of accelerated economic globalization and the dynamic progress of science and technology, we must facilitate cooperation between developed and developing countries on exchanges of human resources, technology and infrastructure, and we must help countries develop independently to narrow the North-South gap.""Today, the development, application and impact of science and technology far transcend national boundaries. For example, every major breakthrough made in the human genome projects a crystallization of cooperation between scientists from a number of countries. Only when applied in a global context can the achievements ofscience and technology benefit people", Jiang said. He also noted that economic globalization should stress the popularization of scientific and technological knowledge.The protection of intellectual property rights should be guided by market rules in such a way that the rules will be helpful to the spread of scientific and technological knowledge, so that all countries may benefit, he added.Passage 3 The American Economic SystemAn important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to the relative demands of consumers and the supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be a bit up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in an economy of private ownership is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and sew ices for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.Lesson 4Passage 1 Higher Education in the United StatesSince 1945 more than one million students from all over the world have studied in the United States. In a recent single year, there were more than 150,000 foreign students who came to the United States' institutions of higher learning. They were welcomed and most were successful in their academic studies. Foreign students who study in the United States benefit a lot from the American educational system.Three developments that today's students are benefiting from started more than a century ago following the Civil War. The first of these was the rapid growth of technological and professional education to meet the urgent demands of a complex industrial and urban society. New schools of technology, engineering architecture, law and medicine flourished, The second was the provision for graduate study, suchas what had long existed in France and Germany. Harvard and John Hopkins Universities quickly took the lead in this field, but the state universities did not lag far behind. The third was the increased provision for the education of women. This included the establishment of new women's colleges, such as Vassar, Wellesley and Smith, and the adoption of co-education in all the new state universities as well as in many private institutions.These developments, the growth of technological and professional education, the provision for graduate study, and the increased educational opportunities for women, began over a century ago following the end of the Civil War.Passage 2 Education in CanadaCanada's per capita spending on education is among the world's highest. All provinces have compulsory education laws requiring that students attend school until the age of fifteen or sixteen, Elementary education includes kindergarten through the eighth grade. Canada's bilingual and bicultural heritage has had, and continues to have, a profound effect on the educational system. Since 1985, the province of Ontario has maintained publicly funded Roman Catholic and French-Language schools from kindergarten through the twelfth grade in addition to the English-Language schools. Saskatchewan and Alberta also support separate Roman Catholic schools. Quebec Province maintains a dual school system - Protestant and Catholic, each has its own school board.Higher education in Canada is offered in a variety of forms, Entrance requirements vary from one province to another. The traditional universities offer three-year general degree programs and four-year honors degree programs emphasizing a specialization. Seven of the universities are French-speaking while the others are English. All the traditional universities are concerned about the relationship between their curricula, the economy and society. Graduates in recent years have faced considerable difficulty in finding employment.The Canadian provinces maintain junior colleges, community colleges, and technical institutes. They provide a variety of courses, often short-term, that cater to individual interests. These include subjects of current events and calligraphy. Adult education has become increasingly oracular in Canada in recent years. Almost all institutions offer some adult education courses.Passage 3Millions of people are enrolled in evening adult education programs across America, Community colleges have become popular and their enrollments have increased rapidly. Large universities are offering more courses in the evenings for adult students. In this way, the demand for more education is being met. One reasonfor this is that many older people are changing their professions. They are looking for different careers. Another reason is that repair costs have increased, Adults are taking courses like plumbing and electrical repair. In this way they hope that the high costs for repairs can be avoided. Advanced technology is the most important factor for the rise in adult education. Engineers, teachers and business people are taking adult education classes. They have found that more education is needed to do their jobs well. Various courses are offered. Computers and business courses are taken by many adult students. Foreign languages, accounting and communication courses are also popular. Some students attend classes to earn degrees. Others take courses for the knowledge and skills that they can receive. The lives of many people have been enriched because of adult education.Lesson 5Passage 1 Housing Options in the United StatesFinding the right place to live in can help ensure a most rewarding experience in-the United States for international students. Depending on your situation: whether you are here alone or with a family, the duration of your stay, the amount of privacy you would like, anything from living on campus in a residence hall to private accommodation in a motel could suit your needs. As an ESL student, your housing may or may not be included in the study program. The basic choice to make is whether to live on or off campus. There are advantages and disadvantages to both.The advantages of living on campus are as follows: you will have a furnished room, easy access to campus facilities such as libraries, computer labs, sports facilities and cafeterias, access to social activities and peers, and maximum interaction with other students. Eating on campus is usually cheaper, and you don’t have to worry about transportation to and from classes. There are also some disadvantages. You may be sharing a bedroom with other students, so you will not have much privacy. You must be flexible when living with others.The advantages of living off campus are as follows: you will have privacy, more real world experiences, your own bathroom and kitchen facilities, and furnished rooms, It is possible to have visitors at any time and suitable for students with their families. However, there are some disadvantages. The rooms are not always furnished. Unless you are living with a host family, there is a lack of spontaneous social activities with people. And transportation is inconvenient. You may waste time rn transit to and from classes.Passage 2 Living on CampusAll students are required to live in the Residence Hall, which provides students with good opportunities to make friends, meet each other and enjoy a wonderfulcampus life. The Student Residence Hall is situated on the campus within short walking distance from the library, study rooms, computer science center and recreational facilities. Students will also have convenient access to the sea and other places of interest in the area. They will have quite a different life while walking along the beach, visiting places off-campus and looking for fun.At present, about 60 rooms are available and each accommodates 3 students. All rooms are fully furnished with bookshelves, cupboards, desks, one telephone, one TV and modern outlets. A shared washroom and bathroom are provided on each floor, and both have considerable facilities. There is a laundry with several washing machines on the first floor. Bedding is provided and each week a clean linen change will be arranged.A group of well-trained staff are responsible to see that all public areas are clean at all times. Security guards are always on watch on the first floor to answer questions and complaints and guarantee the safety of every resident.The Dining Hall is on the second floor of the building. Both students and the college faculty are encouraged to have meals in the College Dining Hall. Breakfast, lunch and supper are all offered and a great variety of nutritious and healthy Chinese foods also available.A small cafe is open everyday from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. on the third floor. Here you can find a very romantic and elegant place for sampling western food, drinking coffee or other beverages and talking to friends. Both food and service are standard.Passage 3 Academic Levels and CreditsAcademic LevelsA first-year college or university student is commonly known as a "freshman", whereas "sophomore", "junio", and "senior" designate second-, third- and fourth-year students. Collectively, these students are called "undergraduates"; students in the first two years are called "underclassmen" and in the last two years "upperclassmen". Successful completion of four years of undergraduate study entitles the student to a bachelor's degree, which is the prerequisrte for admission to graduate school. Students who begin college studies in two-year colleges earn an associate's degree and may transfer to the appropriate level of a bachelor's degree program.CreditsUndergraduate academic progress in higher education in the United States is usually measured in units called "credits", -credit hours", or "points". In schools on the semester system a credit is defined as one hour of classroom instruction, or two or three hours of laboratory experience per week for a semester. Most studentsnormally take 15 0r 16 credits a semester, but some take 17 or 18.For instructions on the quarter system, a "quarter hour" of credit is defined in the same way, but based on the 10-week term as previously noted. Three quarter credits are therefore the equivalent of two semester credits and represent the same amount of academic accomplishment. The total number of credits taken in a term is often called the class load.Ordinarily 60 or 64 semester credits are required for a two-year associate degree and 120 to 128 credits for the four-year bachelors.Lesson 6Passage 1 The Sound of BirdsThe sound of birds can be divided into three types including singing, crying and voice imitating. Singing is normally a continuous multi-syllable melody uttered by the birds and controlled by sex hormones. Some sorts of singing are quite melodious and pleasant. During the breeding cycle, the changing and pleasant cries of male birds are typical songs. Singing is an important way for a bird to defend its territory, to pronounce it has occupied a place and to warn other birds not to enter the area. The singing variety of birds' songs are different and more complicated than their common cries, which mainly happen in the breeding cycle in spring and summer. Cries are not controlled by sex hormones and can be uttered by both male and female birds. Usually bird cries are short and simple. But they can mean a lot. They are used to communicate with one another and to warn one another about dangers. The cries of birds can express calling, waming, surprise and threat. Sometimes it is very difficult to distinguish crying from singing. Generally speaking, cries are not affected by the change of seasons and can be made by all birds. Crying is an important way for birds to communicate with one another. V oice imitating birds imitate the crying or voice of other birds. The biological cause of voice imitating is not clear even now and it is highly probable that it will take a long time for people to discover the mystery.Passage 2 Fun Facts about Giant PandasHigh in dense bamboo forests in the misty, rainy mountains of southwestern China lives one of the world's rarest mammals: the giant panda. Only about l,000 0f these black-and-white ralatives of bears survive in the wild.Pandas eat almost nothing but bamboo shoots and leaves. Occasionally they eat other plants, fish, or small animals, but bamboo accounts for 99 percent of their diets.Pandas eat fast, they eat a lot, and they spend about 12 hours a day doing it. The reason is very simple. They digest only about a fifth of what they eat. Moreover,bamboo is not very nutritious. The shoots and leaves are the most valuable parts of the plants, so that's what a well-fed panda concentrates on eating. To stay healthy, they have to eat a lot - up to 15 percent of their body weight within 12 hours - so they eat fast.There are many species of bamboo. Only a few of these grow at the high altitudes where pandas live today. A panda should have at least two bamboo species where it lives, or it will starve.Giant pandas used to be able to move quite easily from one mountaintop to another in search of food. Nowadays the valleys are mostly inhabited by people. Pandas are shy; they are afraid to go into areas where people live. This confines pandas to very finited areas. As people continue to farm, cut trees, and develop land higher and higher up the mountain slopes, the pandas' habitat continues to become smaller.And sometimes, when all the bamboo in their area dies off naturally, pandas starve because they're unable to move to new areas where other bamboo species thrive.Conservation organizations, Chinese govemment officials and scientists are continuing to work toward solving the panda isolation problem. Maintaining "bamboo corridors" - strips of peaceful land through which pandas can travel from mountain to mountain freely - is one of the many ideas that may help save the giant panda.Passage 3 HummingbirdsIf you are lucky enough, you may find the hummingbird, the smallest bird in the animal kingdom, in a South American forest.Though the hummingbird is not bigger than a bee and weighs only 2 or 3 grams, it can fly as fast as 50 meters in a second. It can fly forwards as most birds do, and it can fly backwards as well. The strangest thing about it, however, is that it can stay still in the air, just like a helicopter.Whenever a hummingbird needs food, it will fly slowly towards a flower. It won't stand on the flower, as bees would, but just hangs over the flower and then begins to suck the honey from inside the flower with its needle-like beak.The hummingbird is very particular in designing and building its nest. It takes great pains in choosing the right materials, preferring soft ones to hard ones. Its eggs are so small that a common match box can hold as many as one hundred of them. Lesson 7Passage 1 Art in HospitalsThe medical world is gradually realizing that the quality of the environment in。

新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说上学生用书一、概述随着全球化的发展，英语作为一种国际通用语言，在各行各业中起着重要的作用。

特别是在高等教育阶段，英语教育已经成为一项必不可少的基础教育。

针对研究生的英语教育，听说能力的培养尤为重要。

而作为研究生英语教育中的重要教材之一，《新世纪研究生公共英语教材》在听说教学方面扮演着重要的角色。

本文将从教材的内容、特点和教学效果等方面对《新世纪研究生公共英语教材》的听说教学部分进行分析和评价。

二、教材内容《新世纪研究生公共英语教材》听说上学生用书包含了丰富的听力和口语教学内容。

教材内容涵盖了各个研究生阶段所需的词汇、语法知识和语言技能，并通过各种真实的语境和交际情景来帮助学生提高听力和口语表达能力。

教材中的听力练习涉及了各种不同的语速和语调，以及丰富的语言材料，能够帮助学生更好地适应不同场合下的听力交际。

口语练习部分则着重于提高学生的口语表达能力，通过各种口语情景的模拟，让学生有机会在真实的交际环境中练习口语，从而提高他们的口语流利度和表达能力。

三、教材特点1.贴近实际：《新世纪研究生公共英语教材》的听说教学部分贴近实际生活和工作场景，在教学内容和语言表达技巧上更具有实用性和实际性，能够更好地满足研究生的学习需求。

2.灵活多样：教材中的听说教学方法多样灵活，不仅包括了传统的听力练习和口语对话练习，还采用了各种多媒体教学手段和互动交流方式，使学生在听说教学过程中能够有更多的选择和参与。

3.重实践性：教材强调听说教学的实践性和交际性，在各个练习环节中都注重真实语境和真实交际情景的模拟，让学生能够更加直观地感受到英语的实际运用和交际技能的重要性。

四、教学效果通过对《新世纪研究生公共英语教材》听说上学生用书的使用和教学实践，可以发现该教材在听力和口语教学方面取得了良好的教学效果。

学生在使用教材进行听说训练后，其听力能力得到了明显的改善，能够更加准确地理解英语语音和语速，同时口语表达能力也得到了有效地提高，学生在真实的英语交际中能够更加流利地表达自己的意思。

新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说学生用书
《新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说学生用书》（New Century Graduate English Textbook Listening and Speaking Student Book）是一本针对研究生英语教育领域的教材。

该教材旨在帮助研究生提升自己的听力和口语能力，以应对学术研究、国际交流等场景。

这本教材由多个单元组成，每个单元都围绕着一个特定的主题展开，例如科技与创新、环境保护、社会问题等。

每个单元都包含了大量的听力和口语练习，以帮助学生提高他们的听力理解能力和口语表达能力。

教材中的听力练习包括多种题型，如听对话回答问题、听短文选择答案等。

这些听力练习旨在培养学生的听力技巧，提升他们听懂和理解各种不同场景下的英语语音的能力。

此外，教材还提供了丰富的口语练习，例如角色扮演、小组讨论等。

这些口语练习有助于学生培养自信、流利地表达自己的观点，并提高他们在学术会议、研究报告等场合的口语表达能力。

《新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说学生用书》还配有录音内容，并提供答案和参考译文，以便学生自学和检查答案。

总的来说，该教材是一本旨在帮助研究生提升听力和口语能力的教材，为他们在学术研究和国际交流中提供基础和支持。

Unit 5 Careers and ProfessionsPart I Video TimeTask 1TranscriptUgly BettyBetty: I like your poncho. My dad got me one in Guadalajara.Woman: Milan. Dolce & Gabbana. Fall.Betty: Oh.Man: Betty Suarez?Betty: Hi. That’s me. Um, I have a hard copy of my resume if you need it. Should I follow you? Man: Actually…There’s been a mistake.Betty: A mistake?Man: All the entry-level positions we were hiring for… they’ve been filled. I’m sorry.Betty: Um, sir? While you’ve got me here, I thought I could tell you a little about myself.Magazines are my passion, ever since I was a kid, a nd I can’t imagine a more amazing place to start my career than Meade Publications. I know most of your magazines inside out. I try to devour as much as I can.(The man takes Betty’s arm and leads her back down the stairs during her frantic tirade激烈的长篇演说.)Man: Clearly.(He heads back up stairs. Betty again looks deflated, but hurries back up after him.)Betty:Also, I’ve learnt so much through them. You know, stuff so beyond my world, like—like who the up-and-comers are on the London art scene, or what the political machinations（政治阴谋）in Darfur are all about, or which Bali Resort is considered the most romantic in the world. And I have tons of ideas. I’m always jotting stuff down on the subway, but I’m getting ahead of myself, sir. All I really want is a chance… in any position or publication—Man: Goodbye!(He closes the door on her, leaving Betty outside.)Betty: I can type a hundred words a minute!!(Throughout this, Bradford Meade has been watching Betty from upstairs, with mild interest. Betty looks despondent沮丧的.)Exercise 1 Watching for General Understanding1) What do you think is the reason that the girl wasn’t accepted?The man thought she was so ugly that it would be not appropriate for her to work for a fashion magazine.2) Guess whether the girl got this job finally? Give your reasons.I guess the girl will get this job, because she is well-prepared and according to her self-introduction, she is competent and eligible for the job. And I also noticed the old man upstairs. He may be the person who can give the decisive opinion, which is the typical plot in many movies and plays.3) What preparations had Betty done for her career?Magazines are her passions. She knows most of the magazines inside out. And she has tons of ideas, she is always jotting stuff down on the subway. She can do a hundred words a minute!Exercise 2 Role PlayTask 2TranscriptRecession-Proof Your JobHistory shows that employers generally stop hiring and start cutting staff during a downturn. The most recent recessions in 1991 and 2001 saw significant job cuts as soon as the recession started. So far, government debt on the job’s market shows that hiring is slowing but many economists believe we’ll see layoffs in the coming month.So what can you do to recession-proof your job? Our placement firm Challenger Gray & Christmas makes a few suggestions.First, find assignments on the company’s core projects. If the effort is central to the firm’s revenue, working there makes you that much safer. Secondly, build a relationship with the boss. Many employees fly under the radar in a time of cutbacks, being more than just an enormous name on the payroll can help keep your job safe. Finally, be prepared. In a downturn, it’s important to have savings ready, should you be laid off and brush up the resume.With the ABC News Money Minute, I’m Betsy Stark in New York.Exercise 1 Making a Sound JudgmentF 1) Since employers generally stop hiring and start cutting staff during a downturn, employeeshave nothing to do with it.T 2) If you are in charge of an important project in the company, the possibility to be fired will be less.F 3) If the boss doesn’t know you, it will be safe for you not to be laid off.T 4) Saving money is quite useful for the recession period.Exercise 2 Watching for Specific Information1) Find assignments on the company’s core projects.2) Build a relationship with the boss.3) Be prepared/Save some money.Part II Listening ActivitiesTask 1TranscriptJob InterviewInterviewer: What made you decide on this type of occupation?Applicant: Oh, to tell you the truth, I love the sky. When I was a child, I imagined flying into the blue sky some day. Now, I think the day has come. My dream will come true. And I like travelling very much and I enjoy working with people.Interviewer: Can you make yourself understood in English without too much difficulty? Applicant: Yes, I think I am quite fluent in English. I got the certificate of the Secondary English Training last month.Interviewer: Do you know what the responsibilities are for a stewardess?Applicant: The main responsibility of the stewardess is to make the passengers relaxed and happy during the flight. And good service is also important.Interviewer: Are you in good health?Applicant: I just had a complete physical examination and I am in top condition.Interviewer: Have you had any nursing experience?Applicant: Yes, I have two years of nursing experience, and now I am working as a nurse in a hospital.Interviewer: How tall are you? What about your eyesight?Applicant:My height is one meter and sixty-eight centimeters. I’ve never had any vision problems.Interviewer: What would you say are your strengths and weaknesses?Applicant: One of my strengths is my friendliness and open-minded attitude and also I think I have a warm personality. But sometimes, I find it is hard to tell others when I don’t like what they are doing.Interviewer:If a passenger can’t understand wh at you say, what should you do?Applicant:I’ll try to speak in another language or I’ll try my best to use gestures and draw pictures.Exercise 2 Listening for DetailsJob InterviewInterviewer: What made you decide on this type of occupation?Applicant: Oh, to tell you the truth, I love the sky. When I was a child, I imagined flying into the blue sky some day. Now, I think the day has come. My dream will come true. And I like travelling very much and I enjoy working with people.Interviewer: Can you make yourself understood in English without too much difficulty? Applicant: Yes, I think I am quite fluent in English. I got the certificate of the Secondary English Training last month.Interviewer: Do you know what the responsibilities are for a stewardess?Applicant: The main responsibility of the stewardess is to make the passengers relaxed and happy during the flight. And good service is also important.Interviewer: Are you in good health?Applicant: I just had a complete physical examination and I am in top condition.Interviewer: Have you had any nursing experience?Applicant: Yes, I have two years of nursing experience, and now I am working as a nurse in a hospital.Interviewer: How tall are you? What about your eyesight?Applicant:My height is one meter and sixty-eight centimeters. I’ve never had any vision problems.Interviewer: What would you say are your strengths and weaknesses?Applicant: One of my strengths is my friendliness and open-minded attitude and also I think I have a warm personality. But sometimes, I find it is hard to tell others when I don’t like what they are doing.Interviewer:If a passenger can’t understand what you say, wha t should you do?Applicant:I’ll try to speak in another language or I’ll try my best to use gestures and draw pictures.Task 2TranscriptJob HuntingKelly: So, have you found a job yet?Josh: No, but, I have a few leads, so things are looking up.Kelly:But isn’t that what you always say?Josh: Well . . . uh . . . this time is different.Kelly: What are you looking for this time then?Josh: Actually, I want to work for a web hosting company.Kelly: What would you do there?Josh: Well, in a nut shell, you know web hosting companies provide space for people to store and run their Websites. D oes it sound like I know what I’m talking about?Kelly: Oh, yeah, sort of.Josh: Well, and then, sort of? Well, they allow people to run the websites without having to buy and ma intain their own servers, and I’d like to work in technical support, you know, helping customers resolve computer-related problems w ith their sites. And you know I’m a good communicator.Kelly:So, how’s the pay for that kind of job?Josh: Well, most people I know start out with a very reasonable salary; you can earn pay increases depending on your performance.Kelly: So, what about benefits?Josh:Oh, the benefits are pretty good. They provide health insurance, two weeks (of) paid vacation a year, and opportunities for advancement. And in the end, I’d like to work in a management position. You know, sitting back, enjoying the view out of the twentieth-story window of the office building. Something like that.Kelly: Well, is there long-term security in a job like that?Josh:Uhh. That’s hard to tell. I mean, the Internet is booming, and these kinds of companies are sprouting up everywhere, which is a good thing, but just like the dot-com era（网络泡沫时代）, you never know how long things will last.Kelly: Well, have you ever thought about going back to school to improve your job skills? Josh: Wait, wait. What are you suggesting?Kelly: Well, you know, more training might help you land a better job.Josh: Wh . . . wh . . . Are you trying to say something about my current job? I mean, is there something going on here? I mean, what are you saying?Kelly: You know, you did drop out of college.Josh:I know, I know, but I don’t know. I’m just seeing my current job at McDonalds as a startup.[McDonalds!]. Yeah, but, you know, I don’t have the resources to go back to school at the moment, however, the job I am looking at will pay for some classes after I have been with the company for six months.Kelly: Well, it looks like you have things planned out this time.Josh: If I last that long.Exercise 1 Listening for Specific Information1) C 2) A 3) B 4) A 5) AExercise 2 Listening for Details1) Web hosting companies provide space for people to store and run their Websites.2) I’d like to work in technical support, you know, helping customers resolve computer-relatedproblems with their sites.3) They provide health insurance, two weeks of paid vacation a year, and opportunities foradvancement.4) Well, you know, more training might help you land a better job.5) I’m just seeing my current job at McDonalds as a startup.Additional ListeningTranscriptGoogle: the Best Company to Work ForA little more than a decade ago, Google was an internet startup headquartered in a garage. Today it’s the world’s largest search engine, with 50 offices globally and more than 12,000 employees. For the second straight year, it’s also No.1 on Fortune’s Best Companies to Work For list. What’s fueling this growth? Employees say it’s the flexibility, financial security of course, and the o pportunity to get things done. “Right now, we are standing in front of just one part of our large 1.6 megawatt solar installation. These are the solar panels that are providing clean electricity to our buildings.”Robyn Beavers has been leading the green business and operations strategy team since 2005. “We have a lot of offices, we have a lot of employees, give electricity, and it just seems like a responsible thing to do to first show that our corporation can make a positive impact on the environment, but also we can do in a way that makes sense to our bottom line.” Keeping Google green hasn’t always been part of her job description. “When I first tarried at Google, I wasone of the assistants to the two co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin. I started in May, 2004, which is right before the IPO of Google. A really interesting thing about Google is that, it always encourages some employees to try new things. I went to Larry and Sergey and proposed that we form a green strategy group. And although I was their current direct report and it would have been inconvenient to lose me. Their INFOL support actually helps me found this team within Googl e.”“This session is really just a brainstorming session…” Mobility within departments is not uncommon. In part because of a 20 percent time initiative, allowing employees to spend one day a week on a project of their choice. “I talked to a lot of people of Google, and they found that once they started here and you learn so much about the company and there are so many opportunities, they are encouraged to seize them. So it’s easy to start in one job, work really hard at it for a couple of years, and then fi nd a new opportunity to pursue.”Exercise 1 Group Discussion1) What do you know about Google?It is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related to its Internet search, e-mail, online mapping, social networking（社会化网络,即将现实生活中的社交圈子搬到网络上,利用“朋友的朋友”关系资源模式，通过现实中的朋友再去认识朋友的朋友形式，建立一个自己信任的社交圈）, and video sharing services as well as selling advertising-free versions of the same technologies. The Google headquarters, the Googleplex, is located in Mountain View（山景，位于美国加州圣克拉拉县）. By December 31, 2008, the company has 20,222 full-time employees.Google was co-founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were students at Stanford University and the company was first incorporated as a privately held company on September 4, 1998. The initial public offering took place on August 19, 2004, raising US$1.67 billion, implying a value for the entire corporation of US $23 billion. Google has continued its growth through a series of new product developments, acquisitions, and partnerships. Environmentalism, philanthropy（慈善事业）and positive employee relations have been important tenets（宗旨，原则）during the growth of Google, the latter resulting in being identified multiple times as Fortune Magazine’s No.1 Best Place to Work（《财富》杂志评选出的最适合工作的公司）. The unofficial company slogan is “Don’t be evil”（拒绝邪恶的事物）, although criticism of Google includes concerns regarding the privacy of personal information, copyright, censorship（审查）and discontinuation of services. According to Millward Brown（密华布朗，一家全球领先的市场咨询机构）, it is the most powerful brand in the world.2) How do you think Google influence the way you look for useful information?Google has become an indispensable part in the life of people who use computer for work, entertainment and study. With the help of Google, we can find what we want conveniently. You don’t have to always take an encyclo pedia or some reference books with you. However, sometimes searching on Google is a waste of time, because you have to check a lot of information which will turn out to be useless.Cultural Notethe Googleplex: Google源于googol，是数学名词，含义是1后面加100个0。

Lesson ElevenCustomsPart A1.M: Hello, this is Doctor Morita from the Emergency Department. I have a seventy-year old patient with a fractured ankle.W: OK, send him to Ward 3.Q: What are they talking about on the phone?2. W: John told me he had bought a second-hand car. Do you know how much he paid for it?M: Well, he said he had paid $800 for it. I think he got a real bargain.Q: What does the man think of the price of the car?3. M: I read in the newspaper that the novel you are reading is excellent.W: I've also read some negative reviews.Q: What can be learned from the conversation?4. W: I just made a jar of jam this morning and now I can't find it anywhere. Do you know what happened to it?M: Did you bear a crash? That was it. I'm just as clumsy as ever.Q: What is the problem?5. W: I'm very impressed by all the work you've done on your house, Mr. Miller. How long have you been working on it?M: I first became interested in doing things myself several years ago. I have been doing something on it every now and then for almost a year now. You know, I couldn't afford to pay workmen to do it.Q: What do we learn about Mr. Miller?6. W: Professor Burns seems to think there's only one way to write a paper and that's her way.M: No kidding. She sure wasn't like that last semester.Q: What can be inferred about Professor Burns?7. W: Would you like to see these pants in another color?M: Actually, the grey is fine. But I prefer something in wool.Q: What will the man probably do next?8. M: Doctor, this cough medicine doesn't seem to be helping. Can you give me a different prescription?W: Let's give it another day or two and see how you are doing then.Q: What does the doctor imply?9. M: I'm thinking about dropping my swimming class. I'm just not catching on.W: Stick with it. I did and I learned how to swim eventually.Q: What can be inferred about the woman?10. M: I can't for the life of me (无论如何也) get that washing machine downstairs to work. Do you have any suggestion?W: Try washing just half of the normal load.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?11. W: Shall we run around the park or go for a bike ride?M: It makes no difference to me. They are both good exercises.Q: What does the man say about the activities?12. M: The Variety Theater finally went out of business,W: Well, that's no surprise. It was the worst one in town.Q: What does the woman mean?13. W: It's a shame you didn't win your tennis match.M: I might have won if I'd listened to my coach.Q: Why didn't the man win the match?14. M: I ran out of coins while doing my laundry.W: That's too had.Q: What is the man's problem?15. M: Your apartment always looks so good, so spotless. Mine's such a mess.W: I've been at the lab all week. It's my roommate's doing.Q: What does the woman imply?Part BPassage I Marriage CustomsDespite the recent growth in the number of divorces, we in the West still tend to regard courtship and marriage as a romantic business. Boy meets girl, boy falls in love with girl, boy asks girl to marry him, girl accepts. Wedding, flowers, big celebration.But in other parts of the world things work differently. In India, for instance, arranged marriage is still very common. An intermediary, usually a married lady, learns that a young man wishes to get married and she undertakes to find him a suitable bride. The young couple meet for the first time on the day of the wedding.In Japan, too, arranged marriages still take place. But there things are organized in a different way. A girl wishes to find a husband, and the girl's mother, or aunt perhaps, approaches the mother of a suitable young man and the young couple are introduced. They get a chance to have a look at one another and if one of them says, "Oh, no, I could never marry him or her", they call the whole thing off. But if they like one another, then the wedding goes ahead.In parts of Africa, a man is allowed to have several wives. Now that sounds fine from the man's point of view, but in fact the man is taking on great responsibility. When he takes a new wife and buys her a nice present, he has to buy all his other wives presents of equal value and, although we are obviously speaking of a male-dominated society, the wives often become very close and so, if there is a disagreement in the family, the husband has three or four wives to argue with instead of just one.It is true that American women have sometimes found it exceedingly difficult to assume the role of the wife of an African living in Africa. However, various forms of arranged marriage have just as much chance of bringing happiness to the husband and wife as our Western system of choosing marriage partners.1. What is implied in the passage?2. Who would be the intermediary of a young couple in India?3. In what way is the marriage custom of Japan similar to that of India?4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?5. What is not mentioned in the passage?ii.1.They regard courtship and marriage as a romantic business.2.On the day of their wedding.3.The whole thing would be called off.4.It is probable that all the wives might argue with the husband.5.He thinks that the various forms of arranged marriage can bring happiness to the husband and wife, too.PassageII Christmas in AmericaChristmas in America is a time of spreading good cheer. People give cards and gifts to each other. Families enjoy special visits and meals together. The smell of candy and spices fills the air. Christmas laughter warms the hearts of young and old alike. Christmas trees, colorful decorations and brightly-wrapped gifts bring an old song to mind: "It is beginning to look a lot like Christmas."It all began about 2,000 years ago. An angel appeared to a Jewish girl named Mary and gave her good news: "You will have a son. His name will be Jesus, the Savior." When the baby was almost due, Mary and her fiance Joseph went to their hometown, Bethlehem, for a census. The only place they could find to stay at was an animal stable. There the special baby was born.Angels announced the joyful news to some shepherds. They left their sheep and hurried to see the baby. Some time later, wise men from the East saw an unusual star. They knew someone great had been born. The star led them to Bethlehem. When they found the child Jesus, they offered him gifts for a king.The celebration of this special birth came to be called Christmas. Through the ages, people developed many Christmas traditions. The custom of decorating Christmas trees began centuries ago. People in many ancient cultures decorated homes with trees in winter. In the Middle Ages, Christians in Europe added lights and religious symbols to evergreens to make Christmas trees, Santa Claus has become one of the most famous Christmas figures, particularly in America. His legend started witha kind bishop named St. Nicholas who lived around 300 AD and was known for his generosity. The practice of giving Christmas gifts comes from the gifts offered to the child Jesus by the wise men from the East. The star on the top of the Christmas tree symbolizes the star that led the wise men to Jesus.Most Americans feel that Christmas is the most wonderful time of the year. It's a time of excitement, a time of joy, a time to show love in special ways. Best of all, Christmas is not just for Americans. Christmas is for everybody in the world. Christmas is the celebration of the God's gift to the world Jesus,l. Who gave Jesus presents after his birth?2. How did the wise men find the child Jesus?3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?4. When did the legend of Santa Claus start?5. Which is NOT true according to the passage?ii. Listen to the passage again and write T (true) or F (false) for each statement you have heard.1. ( T ) Christmas in America is a time of spreading good cheer.2. ( F ) Jesus was born in Mary's home.3. (T) In the wise men's opinion, the appearance of an unusual star symbolized the birth of someone great.4. ( T ) Christmas traditions have developed gradually through the ages.5. ( F ) The custom of decorating Christmas trees began in the Middle Ages. passageIII Western Table MannersPeople who go to a formal Western dinner party for the first time may be surprised by table manners in Western culture. Knowing them will tell you how to behave at table and help you make a good impression. Beside your napkin you will find a small plate for a bread roll and three glasses -- one for white wine, one for red one, and one for water. There are two knives and forks on the table, forks on the left and knives on the right of the plate. When you see two spoons, the big one is for the soup and the small one for the dessert. The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bit bigger than the ones beside them. When you sit down at the table, you can take your napkin, unfold it, and put it on your lap. Dinner starts with a small dish, which is often called a starter. Some people pray before they start eating, and other people maykeep silent for a moment. Then you can say "bon appetit" to each other and everybody starts eating. For the starter, you will get a bowl of soup -- but only one bowl of soup and never ask for a second serving.The next dish is the main course. Some people use their fingers when they are eating chicken or other birds, but never touch beef or other meat on bones. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate, so don't take more food than you need.At the table, you should try to speak quietly and smile a lot, but do not laugh all the time.Table manners follow the fashion of the day and are only important at formal dinner parties. If you are not sure about what to do, you can always follow your hosts. You don't need to worry about all these rules while having dinner with your friends.Part D1) sunny 2) Jobs3)Health care 4) social security 5) from the bottom 6) possibility 7) grateful 8) faith and trust 9) all of yo u 10) our notion. 11) progress 12) Republicans.13) beautiful 14) tallest skyscrapers 15) your schools, 16) shared with me 17) aging parents, 18) difference 19) support 20) gratitude.。