九年级英语unit 8 语法（情态动词）
情态动词：情态动词有具体的词义；情态动词没有人称和数的变化；情态动词后必须加上动词原形；情态动词同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语。
can：1、表示能力，意为“能会”；
2、表示请求，允许，意为“可以”；
3、表示推测，意为“可能”。
could：1、can 的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力
2、在疑问句中表示委婉请求
may：1、表示请求、许可，意为“可以”
2、表示推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能、也许”
might：1、may的过去式
2、表示推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“ 可能、也许”
must：1、表示主观看法，意为“必须、应该”
2、表示有把握的推测，用语肯定句
need：1、表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中
should：1、意为“ 应该”，表示要求和命令2、表示劝告、建议
had better：意为“最好”，表示建议
（一）can 的用法
1.表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。
Can you lift this heavy box?
Mary can speak three languages.
Can you skate?
Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to可以用于任何时态时态。I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
2.表示请求和允许, 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉。
(1).---Can I go now? --- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
(2).--- Could I come to see you tomorrow? --- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
3.表推测可能性。
Someone is knocking at the door, and who can it be? It can’t be Tom because he has gone to Beijing.
（二）、could的用法
1、can的过去式，意为“ 能、会” ，表示过去的能力。
He could write poems when he was 10.
2、could 在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could 没有过去式的意思。---Could I use your pen? ---Yes, you can.
（三）、may的用法
1、表示请求、许可，比can 正式。
May I borrow your bike?You may go home now.
2、表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“ 可能，或许”。
It may rain tomorrow . She may be at home.
3、may的过去式为might ，表示推测时。可能性低于may 。
He is away from school. He might be sick.
（四）、must的用法
1、must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。
You must stay here until I come back.
Must I hand in my homework right now?
2、must否定形式mustn’t表示“ 一定不要、千万别、禁止, 不许”。
You mustn’t play with fire.Y ou mustn’t be late.
3、以must开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to 。
---Must I finish my homework? ---No, you needn’t.
4、must 一定，表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句中。
The light is on, so he must be at home now.
（五）、 need的用法
1、need 作情态动词时，情态动词+V原（以need开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to 。
---Need I stay here any longer? ---Yes, you must. ---No. you needn’t .
2、need作实义动词时，有人称、数和时态的变化。
当主语是人时用need to do sth,当主语是物时用need doing sth.
I need to do it right now.He needs to learn more about the girl.
（六）、dare 的用法(敢、敢于)
1、dare 作为情态动词，无第三人称单数形式，只有一般现在时和一般过去
时。
Dare he tell them what he knows?
2、dare 作为实义动词(dare to do sth)，此时有人称、数及时态的变化。
He doesn’t dare to break his promise.
（七）、should的用法
1、should 意为“应该” ，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。
We should protect the environment.
2、Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。
You should have finished your homework.
（八）、had better 的用法(最好，没有人称的变化)had better (not)do sth We had better go now. You had better not give the book to him.
表示推测含义的情态动词：must 一定>can可能>could可能>may可能>might可能>may not可能不>can’t不可能
1.--- go to the cinema, mum?
---C ertainly, but you ________ be back by 11 o’c lock.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. need
2.You ______ get there by bus.
A. don’t need
B. needn’t to
C. don’t need to
D. need don’t to
3.You _______ worry about me. It’s nothing serious.
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. won’t
4. The man in the office be Mr. Black because he went home just now.
A.mustn’t
B.may not
C.can’t
D.needn’t
5.---Can you go surfing with us this afternoon?
---I’d like to , but I look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.
A.need
B.must
C.have to
D.should
6.---May I take this book out of the reading room?
--- .Pease read it here.
A. Certainly
B.No, you needn’t
C.No, you mustn’t
D.No, you may not
7.--- Where is Mary? --- She in the library.
A.should be
B.must be
C.can be
D.must have been
8.His room is dark. He must to bed.
A.go
B.be going
C.have gone
D.have been gone
9.---Will your father stay home tonight? ---I’m not sure, He to work.
A.must go
B.can go
C.may be gone
D.may be going
10.---Where is Tom? ---He isn’t here I think he have gone home.
A.may
B.must
C.might
D.A or B or C
11 .---I think Helen is at home.
---No, she be at home, for she phoned me from the airport just five minutes ago.
A.mustn’t
B.needn’t
C.can’t
D.daren’t
12. He’s late. What have happened to him?
A.can \
B.may
C.should \
D.must
13.--- he be watching TV now?
---Yes, he be watching TV now.
---No, he _____ be watching TV now.”
A. Must; can; mustn’t
B. Can; must; can’t
C. Must; must; can’t
D. Can; can; mustn’t
14. You must be a writer, you?
A.mustn’t
B.a re
C.must
D.aren’t
15. You must have seen her yesterday, you?
A.mustn’t
B.haven’t
C.didn’t
D.don’t
16. You must have seen her, you?
A.haven’t
B.didn’t
C.don’t
D.A or B
17.He have come here yesterday, but he didn’t.
A. could
B. should
C. ought to
D. A or B or C
18.---Must he do it? ---No, he .
A. mustn’t
B. needn’t
C. doesn’t have to
D. B or C
19.---Need you go now? ---Yes, I . ---No, I .
A. need; needn’t
B. must; needn’t
C. may; mustn’t
D. can; needn’t
20. ---May I borrow your bike? ---No, you .
A. mustn’t
B. may not
C. had better not
D. can’t
21.I missed the last bus, so I go home on foot.
A. must
B. have to
C. may
D. had to
22.We hurry if we want to arrive in time.
A. must
B. need
C. may
D. have to
23. He get up early when he lived in the countryside.
A. would
B. used to
C. mustn’t
D. can’t
24. My brother be very naughty, and my sister like reading.
A. used to; would
B. would; used to
C. used to; used to
D. would; would
25.Let’s clean our room,?
A. will you
B. don’t we
C. shall we
D. do you
26 Let us watch TV, ?
A. will you
B. don’t we
C. shall we
D. do you
27.Close the door after you, you?
A. don’t
B. do
C. shall
D. will
28.---Who’s the man over there?Is it Mr Black?
---It be him.He’s much taller.
A.may not
B.can’t
C.will not
D.mustn’t
29.The volleyball Mary’s,because her name is on it.
A.can’t be
B.must be
C.could be
D.might be
30.---Listen!Is our headmaster giving a talk in the hall?
---No,it be him.He has gone to Japan.
A.needn’t
B.may not
C.mustn’t
D.can’t
九年级英语unit 8 语法（情态动词） 情态动词：情态动词有具体的词义；情态动词没有人称和数的变化；情态动词后必须加上动词原形；情态动词同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语。 can：1、表示能力，意为“能会”； 2、表示请求，允许，意为“可以”； 3、表示推测，意为“可能”。 could：1、can 的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力 2、在疑问句中表示委婉请求 may：1、表示请求、许可，意为“可以” 2、表示推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能、也许” might：1、may的过去式 2、表示推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“ 可能、也许” must：1、表示主观看法，意为“必须、应该” 2、表示有把握的推测，用语肯定句 need：1、表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中 should：1、意为“ 应该”，表示要求和命令 2、表示劝告、建议 had better：意为“最好”，表示建议 （一） can 的用法 1.表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 Can you lift this heavy box Mary can speak three languages. Can you skate Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to可以用于任何时态时态。I’ll not be able to come this afternoon. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2.表示请求和允许, 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might 代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉。 (1).---Can I go now --- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. (2).--- Could I come to see you tomorrow --- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. ) 3.表推测可能性。 Someone is knocking at the door, and who can it be It can’t be Tom because he has gone to Beijing. （二）、could的用法 1、can的过去式，意为“ 能、会” ，表示过去的能力。 He could write poems when he was 10. 2、 could 在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时 could 没有过去式的意思。 ---Could I use your pen ---Yes, you can. （三）、 may的用法 1、表示请求、许可，比can 正式。 May I borrow your bike You may go home now. 2、表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“ 可能，或许”。 It may rain tomorrow . She may be at home. 3、 may的过去式为might ，表示推测时。可能性低于may 。 He is away from school. He might be sick. （四）、 must的用法 1、must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。 You must stay here until I come back. Must I hand in my homework right now
中考英语语法总结 一、祈使句结构 1 祈使句结构 祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。 1）祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。 Take this seat. Do be careful. 否定结构： Don't move. Don't be late. 2）第二种祈使句以let开头。 Let 的反意疑问句 a. Let's 包括说话者 Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we = Shall we have another try b. Let us 不包括说话者 Let us have another try，will you / won't you = Will you please let us have another try
否定结构： Let's not talk of that matter. Let us not talk of that matter. 二、感叹句结构 感叹句结构 感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。 what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种： 掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。 How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序 How+形容词或副词+ 陈述语序 What +名词+ 陈述语序 What+a+形容词+名词+ 陈述语序 What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序 What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序 How clever a boy he is! How lovely the baby is! What noise they are making! What a clever boy he is!
Unit8语法句型专项练习 一. 根据句意和汉语提示写出所缺的单词 1. — Are you going to (出席) his wedding? — Yes, we are. 2. There’s something(贵重的) in the safe. 3. There are two (实验室) in our school. 4. Lisa didn’t know how to(表达) her feelings. 5. He is always active. It seems that he is full of (精力). 二. 单项选择 1. — Whose handbag is this? — It Kate, I think. A. must be B. can’t be C. might be D. belongs to 2. — Who is the woman? — She is mother. A. Tom and Jack B. Tom’s and Jack’s C. Tom and Jack’s D. Tom’s and Jack 3. — Who is your favorite ? —It’s hard to say. I prefer Hemingway. A. author B. singer C. movie star D. player 4. — Why are you so ? — My son hasn’t been back.It’s dark outside. A. happy B. anxious C. nervous D. sad 5. ( 2013河南安阳龙安联考)—Bill, is the pink umbrella Anna’s? —No, it be hers. Hers is purple. A. can B. may not C. would D. can’t 6. (2013湖北黄冈龙感湖中学期中) The college students often use up all their money in the first half month. （同义替换） A. run up B. run out C. run out of D. run off 7. You’d better read today’s newspaper because there is in it.
1 . (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen 从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 to 、look at ( 感官动词)+（sb. ）+do sth. eg : I am/ feel confident of myspoken English. eg:I like watching monkeys jump. I feel that I can pass the test . 2 . （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样18. be + doing 表：1现在进行时2将来时 eg:the more the more 越来越多19 . be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够?? 3. a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）eg : She is able to sing .= She can sing. 4 . agree with sb赞成某人20. be able to do sth. 能够干什么 5 . all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样e g :she is able to sing . 6 . all over the world = the whole world 整个21. be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕??世界eg : I'm afraed to go out at night . 7. along with 同??一道，伴随??I'm afraid of dog. eg : I will go along with you. 我将和你一起去22. be allowed to do 被允许做什么 The students planted trees along with their eg: I'm allowed to watch TV. 我被允许看电视teachers. 学生同老师们一起种树I should be allowed to watch TV. 我应该被允 8. as soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 许看电视 9 . as you can see 你是知道的(正如你所见)23. be angry with sb 生某人的气 10 . ask for ??求助向?要?（直接接想要的东e g : Don't be angry with me. 西）24. be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 12. ask sb to do sth询问某人某事 为什么而生某人的气 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事25. be as ?原级?as 和什么一样 13 . at the age of 在??岁时eg : She is as tall as me. 她和我一样高 eg ：I amsixteen. = I am at the age of sixteen . 26. be ashamed to 14. at the beginning of ????的起初；??27. be away from远离 的开始28. be away from 从??离开 15. at the end of + 地点/+时间最后；尽头；末29. be bad for对什么有害 尾eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eg : At the end of the day eyes. 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 16. at this time of year 在每年的这个时候30. be born 出生于 17. be /feel confident of sth /that clause + 31. be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事
情态动词 有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 情态动词 句和疑问句中表示请求，允许，意为“能够” could 是can 的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的水平在疑问句中表示委婉请求 may 表示请求、许可，意为“能够”表示推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能、也许” might 是may的过去式,表推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能、也许”must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、应该”表有把握的推测，用语肯定句dare 表示敢于，主要用于否定句和疑问句中 should 意为“应该”，表示要求和命令表示劝告、建议 had better 意为“最好”，表示建议 used to意为“过去常常，表示过去的动作、行为 考点一情态动词知识清单 情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没哟人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 1. can 的用法 （1）表示水平、许可、可能性。表示水平时一般译为“能、会”，即有种水平，尤其是生来具备的水平，此时may 和must 均不可代替它。（2）表示可能、能够。如：I can finish it in an hour. （3）表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary. （4）表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t 译为“不可能”。 2.could的用法 （1）can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的水平。 （2）could 在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时没有过去式的意思。 3.may的用法 （1）表示请求、许可，比can 正式， （2）表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。 （3）may的过去式为might ，表示推测时。可能性低于may 。 4. must的用法 （1）must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。 （2）其否定形式mustn’t表示“一定不要”“千万别”“禁止, 不许”.（3）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to . （4）must 表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。当must 表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。 She must have finished writing, hasn’t she? 5. need的用法 （1）need 表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为needn’t，意为“没有必要，不必”。用need 提问时，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t。如：----Need I stay here any longer? ----Yes, you must .-----No. you needn’t . (2) need 还能够作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，后边多接动词不定式。 6. dare 的用法dare意为“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need，有两种词性： （1）dare 作为情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无第三人称单数形式，只有一般现在时和一般过去时。 （2）dare 作为实义动词，此时有人称、数即时态的变化。注意：在口语中，dare 的各种形式常与不带to 的不定式连用。Do you dare tell her what I said? 7. shall 的用法 （1）shall 表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称）， Shall we go out for a walk? （2）表示决心、警告、命令（多用于第二、三人称）， No one shall bring your beepers or mobile phones in the exam. 8. should的用法 （1） should 意为“应该”，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。We should protect the environment. （2） should (would)like to do sth. 表示“想要、愿意做某事”，常用于口语中。Would you like to go with me? 你想和我一起去吗？ （3）Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。 You should have finished your homework. 9. will 的用法 will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。 I will help you if I’m free this afternoon. 10. had better 的用法 had better 意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后面接不带to 的不定式，其否定形式为：had better not。 We had better go now. You had better not give the book to him. 考点二含有情态动词的疑问句 1. 由can、may、must构成的疑问句 （1）句式：Can/ May/ Must…+ 主语+动词原形+….？如：Can you repair the car? Could he be a good student? May I borrow your ruler?Must we clean the room now? （2）对may 引出的问句，能够有下列回答方式：Yes, of course. Yes, certainly.Sure.No, you mustn’t.No, you can’t. （3）对must引出的疑问句，回答为：Yes, …must.No,…needn’t/don’t have to. 2. will，would，shall 的用法 （1）will 在一般疑问句中表示客气的“请求、劝说”。would 是will 的过去式，语气更加客气、委婉。Would you show me your picture book? Will you please give me a call? （2）对will/ would you…的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.)Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.)All right.Certainly. (No, thank you .) Yes, please. （3）shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种：Yes, please.All right. No, thank you. 考点三不同情态动词的否定意义也不同 1. （1）can’t可译为“不会”，如：I can’t play basketball. 我不会打篮球。（2）当句子表推测时，用can’t表达不可能，He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.（3）can’t还可用来回答“ May I …?”这样的问句。May I come in ?No, you mustn’t. / can’t.（4）can’t还可用于固定习语中。She can’t help crying. 2.may 的否定式为may not ，译成“可能不”，He may not be at home. 3.（1）mustn’t表示不许，不可。He mustn’t leave his room.
1. by + doing 通过……方式如：by studying with a group by 还可以表示："在…旁","靠近","在…期间"、"用,""经过","乘车"等如：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o'clock. The thief entered the room by the window. The student went to park by bus. 2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 如：The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话 3. 提建议的句子： ①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don't you + do sth.? 如：Why don't you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? ④Let's + do sth. 如：Let's go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? 4. a lot 许多常用于句末如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。 5. too…to 太…而不能常用的句型too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如：I'm too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。 6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。 ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大, 常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级 形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。 ②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。 ③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往 含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。 如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。 7. not …at all 一点也不根本不如： I like milk very much. I don't like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。 not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾 8. be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth. === be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋如： I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=== I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。 9. ①end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事如： The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 ②end up with sth. 以…结束如： The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。 10. first of all 首先. to begin with 一开始later on 后来、随 11. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too 也(用于肯定句) 常在句末 12. make mistakes 犯错如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
一、选择题 1．— May I have some wine? — No, you . You have to drive home later. A．shouldn't B．needn't C．mustn't D．may not 2．—Have you heard about the temperature of the earth will rise to 59℃ in 2020?—Don’t worry! The news _______ be true. A．must not B．may not C．needn’t D．will not 3．I’ve bought a nice necklace for Jo’s birthday. She _____like it, but I’m not sure. A．can B．may be C．might D．must 4．—Is that Kate’s green bike? —It ____________be hers. She likes pink. A．can’t B．could C．mustn’t D．might 5．—Jenny, you _________ push your way onto the bus. —I’m really sorry about it. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．may not 6．From March 23rd, 2013, anyone under the age of 14 ________ go into Disneyland alone. A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．mightn’t 7．—Can I take some milk and biscuits to the reading room? —No, our school has a rule that students _______ eat or drink there. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．may not 8．—Sorry, Ms Wang. I left my homework at home. Must I hand it in today? —No, you_______ . You_______ bring it here tomorrow. A．mustn’t; should B．needn’t; must C．mustn’t; may D．needn’t; can 9．The milk tastes bad. You’d better_______. A．throw it away B．to throw it away C．throw them away D．to throw them away 10．— I wonder if these are Jim's glasses. —They _____his. He doesn't wear glasses. A．might be B．could be C．can't be 11．It is 11:00 p.m now. Peter hasn't come back yet. His mother ______ be very mad at him. A．may B．can C．must D．need 12．---You look very pretty, if I say so. ---Thanks a lot for saying that. A．must B．may C．will D．have to 13．It’s raining all day, so I ________ stay at home. A．can’t B．has to C．have to 14．— Must I finish the homework now? — .You can do it later.
Unit 8 Detective stories 语法：定语从句 一、定语从句的定义 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，翻译成“……的”，通常位于名词或代词后面。被修饰的名词,词组或代词叫先行词。 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.This is the doctor who came from London.（在从句中做主语） 2.The book which／that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.（在从句中做宾语） 3. The desk whose leg is broken is very old.（在从句中做定语） 4. This is the room that／which Shakespeare was born in.（在从句中做状语） 2.关系代词的详细用法 （1）如果先行词是all，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。 例如：All that are present burst into tears. （2）如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very 等词修饰，关系代词常用that，不用which。 例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. （3）非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 如:There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.大约有七百万人参加选举,他们中大部分都受过良好教育。 （4）which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思与and this相似。 例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. （5）which可作表语,既可指人,也可指物。指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特征、品性或才能的人。如: He is exactly the man which an education is likely to form.他正是这种教育可能塑造出来的人。
初二英语英语情态动词知识点总结含答案百度文库 一、初中英语情态动词 1．—Must I clean the classroom now? —No, you_______. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：--我必须现在把教室打扫干净吗？--不，你不必。must I do …?的否定回答是No, you needn't 或者 No , you don't have to 。根据是否定回答，故选C。 2．—Where is Monica? I can't find her anywhere. —She be in the library. She loves reading books when she is free. A. must B. need C. can't 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——莫妮卡在哪？我到处都找不到她。——她肯定在图书馆，她喜欢空闲时看书。A肯定，肯定句中表示推测，B需要，C不可能，否定句中表示推测，根据 She loves reading books when she is free ，可知是肯定句表示推测，故选A。 【点评】考查情态动词，注意情态动词表推测的用法。 3．We __________ pay to get into the concert. It's free. A. can't B. mustn't C. might not D. don't have to 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：我们进入音乐会不必付钱。这是免费的。A.can"t 不可能； B. mustn"t 禁止； C.might not 可能不；D. don"t have to不必。根据It's free.可知音乐会是免费的，因此不必付钱。故选D。 4．—Where is George? —He _______ be here just now. His coffee is still warm. A. need B. can't C. must D. shouldn't 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——乔治在哪里？——他刚才一定在这里，他的咖啡还是热的。A. need需要； B. can't 不能，不可能（表示推测）； C. must 必须，一定（表示推测）； D. shouldn't不应该；根据His coffee is still warm.可知表示肯定推测一定在这儿；故
单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus) 语法精讲 过去完成时 1. 过去完成时的概念 过去完成时表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即表示“过去的过去”。 2. 过去完成时的各种句式结构 过去完成时是由“助动词had＋动词的过去分词”构成的，had用于各种人称和数。 (1) 肯定句:主语＋had＋动词的过去分词＋其他. (2) 否定句:主语＋had＋not＋动词的过去分词＋其他. (3) 一般疑问句:Had＋主语＋动词的过去分词＋其他？ 肯定回答: Yes，主语＋had.否定回答:No，主语＋hadn't. (4) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组＋一般疑问句(即:had＋主语＋动词的过去分词＋其 他)? (5) 被动语态:主语＋had(not)＋been＋动词的过去分词＋其他. 3. 过去完成时的判断依据 (1) 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有by/by the end of/before＋过去的时间点，by the time＋一般过去时从句等。如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.到昨天晚上九点钟，我已经读完这部小说。 We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.到上学期末，我们已经学完了超过两千个英语单词了。 The bus had already left by the time/when I got there.我到达那里时，公共汽车已经离开了。 (2) 由“过去的过去”来判定 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在: ①宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句要用过去完成时。如: She said that she had seen the film before.她说她以前看过这部电影。 ②状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如: After he had finished his homework，he went to bed.他完成作业后就上床睡觉了。 注意: before，after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主句、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主句、从句都用一般过去时。如: Where did you study before you came here？你来到这儿前在哪儿学习？ After he closed the door，he left the classroom.他关上门后就离开了教室。 (3) 根据上、下文来判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.我昨天在街上碰见王涛了。自从他去了北京，我们就没见过面了。 4. 过去完成时的主要用法 (1)过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发
人教版九年级英语unit11第十一单元语法知识及练习题make 的用法：make 用作使役动词，表示“使....;让.....”1) make sb do sth :使某人做某事 eg: The boss makes them work for 10 hours a day. 2) be made to do sth:被迫做某事 eg: She was made to wait for over an hour.她被迫等了一个多小时. 3) make sb + adj :使某人......... eg: I will try my best to make her happy.我会尽一切努力使她幸福. 4) make sb + n :使某人成为.....,（名词前不用加冠词）eg: We made him our monitor.我们选他为班长. 5) make sb +介词短语:使某人处于某种状态 eg: Sit down and please make yourself at home.请坐，不要拘束. 6) make it + adj + to do sth：使得.....是......的 eg: Mr Zhao makes it interesting to read.赵老师使得阅读变得很有趣. 7) make it +时间：时间约定在...... eg: Let us make it half past two.让我们把时间约定在2:30吧. 练习试题： 1.The peaceful music in the CD made the students _______relaxed. A.feel B.feels C.felt D.to feel 2.Why didn’t Tom o out and play with us yesterday? Because he was made _____ his own clothes by his mother.A.wash B.washed C.to wash D.washing 3.The loud music may make people _____ fast.
情态动词的用法 【真题再现】 1. —I know by what time you want the project to be done? (2014 连云港) — By the day after tomorrow. you finish it on time? A. May; Can B. Must; Need C. Could; Must D. Need; Would 2. I follow you. Would you please repeat it? (2014 河北) A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't 3. — Who's singing in the garden? (2014 长沙) — It be Mr. Brown. He always practices singing at this time. A. must B. can't C. need 4. —May I take this magazine out of the reading room? (2014 苏州) —No, you _________. You read it in here. A. mightn't B. won't C. needn't D. mustn't 5. You _________ touch an electric fire. It's dangerous. (2014 沈阳) A. need B. must C. needn't D. mustn't 6. —_________ you come with me to Lang Lang's piano concert this evening? (2014 广东) — I'd love to, but I have to study for my math test. A. Should B. May C. Must D. Can 7. Children _________ sit in the front seat of a car. It's too dangerous. (2014 重庆) A. need B. needn't C. must D. mustn't 8. — Look, someone left a book.(2014 菏泽) —Oh, yeah … This book _________ be Kitty’s. Only she likes to read this kind of books. A. can B. must C. may D. might 9. Look! The traffic light has turned red．We_________ stop our car．(2015 广东) A．can B．can’t C．must D．mustn’t 10. — Do you have any plans for this Sunday? (2015 安徽) —I’m not sure. I _________ go to the countryside to see my grandmother. A. can B. must C. may D. need 11. As middle school students, we _________ be afraid of difficulties if we want to make our dreams come true. (2015 哈尔滨) A．must B．shouldn’t C．need 12. You return the book now. You can keep it until next week if you like.(2015 青岛) A. have to B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 13．—Mom, must I go shopping with you? (2015 南京) —No, you ．You can watch the film Big Hero 6 with your friends． A．needn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 14. Harry’s been driving all day—he be tired.(2015杭州) A. need B. can C. shall D. must 15. It’s surprising that Mr. Ma’s little daughter speak English so well. (2015 重庆) A. must B. can C. mustn’t D. can’t 【答案与解析】 1. A。句意：——我可以知道你想这个项目何时完成吗？——到后天。你能按时完成吗？may可以；can能够；must必须；could用于一般疑问句通常表示请求；need需要。题干问句是请求，可用may或者could，排除B、D两项；答句是询问能否按时完成任务，应选can。