Module 3 Un it 2 教学设计
课题AWE M1 U2
主备人邱东
课时主备教案
课型Welcome + Word power
Lear ning objectives
By the end of this period, stude nts will be able to
1. lear n about five differe nt la nguage forms;
2. deal with words and expressi ons related to Ian guage and
dist in guish formal En glish from in formal En glish;
3. enlarge their vocabulary by learning countries and their Ianguages ;
4. develop their speak ing ability by express ing their opinions in the discussi on.
Predicted area of difficulties
1. how to improve the lear ning of En glish
2. how to use formal En glish and in formal En glish properly
Learning aids :
1. PPT
2. blackboard
Lear ning procedures:
课型Reading (I)
Lear ning objectives
By the end of this period, stude nts will be able to
1. know more in formati on about the history and developme nt of En glish ;
2. lear n the basic skills of how to read a history article ;
3. form a positive attitude towards lear ning En glish .
Focus of the less on
1. eleme nts of a history article: times, places, events
2. the history of En glish
Predicted area of difficulties
Old English; Middle English; Modern English
Lear ning methods
1. PPT
2. blackboard
Lear ning procedures:
课型 Reading (II )
Lear ning objectives
By the end of this period, stude nts will be able to
1. write out the transformation of the key words and phrases correctly;
2. use the key words properly in releva nt tasks;
3. know some borrowed words and phrases in en glish;
4. raise the aware ness of lear ning new words or phrases in a con text. Focus of the less on
1. usage of the key words and expressi ons
2. stra nge rules in En glish Predicted area of difficulties
1. the usage of the following words and phrases be made up of ' occupy ' ‘onsist after ' defeat take control of 'lead to'r aise"distinction 'and so on
2. the proper usage of noun clauses Lear ning aids 1. PPT 2. blackboard Lear ning procedures:
Homework PPT 20 name
课型Grammar & Usage
Lear ning objectives
By the end of this period, stude nts will be able to
1. better understand the grammatical functions of noun clauses;
2. use question words: when, where, why, how, what, who, whom, whose, how many ?
3. know about preparatory subject it ”；“
4. enjoy the n eat ness & beauty of noun clauses compari ng them with simple sentences. Focus of the less on
1. the usage of questio n words;
2. the structure of preparatory subject it”
Predicted area of difficulties
1. the usage of that” and what”；
2. how to disti nguish that" a nd which ”，that "and what ”.
Lear ning aids
1. PPT
2. blackboard
Lear ning procedures:
牛津高中英语模块6短语大全 1. burst out laughing; burst into laughter突然大笑起来 2. make fun of取笑，拿..开玩笑 3. have fun; enjoy oneself; have a good/wonderful time玩得高兴 4. in response to…对..做出反应；答复 5. (one’sresponse/reaction to… 对…的反应 6. queue/line up for…排队等 7.of vital importance; vitally important至关重要 8.be enthusiastic about…对…热情 9. take on a new look呈现新面貌 10. take on extra work承担额外工作 11. shift the responsibility/blame for sth onto sb推卸责任 12.go on发生；进行 go on doing 继续做某事 13.live/lead a cosy life过着舒适安逸的生活 14. raise public awareness of… 引起公众对…的注意 15. make a fool of oneself出洋相 16. raise/collect money筹集资金 17. lose weight减肥 18. trip over绊倒 19. be broadcast live on TV; a live broadcast of…on TV在电视上直播 20. brush one’s teeth刷牙 21. turn on/switch on打开（电器等） 22. make up虚构，捏造；组成，构成，占；弥补，补偿 23.be popular with…受…欢迎 24. 效仿follow in the footsteps of… 25. have an effect/influence on… 对…有影响; 26. fight pain战胜疼痛 27. look up a new word查生词 28. be divided into…被分成… 29. make room for…为…腾出地方 30. it’s one’s responsibility/duty to do…做…是某人的责任 31. bump/ knock/ run/ crash into… 与…相撞 32. tear sth in two; tear sth into halves 把…一撕为二 33. fool sb. into/out of doing…哄骗 某人干/不干某事 34. sb. be torn between…and… 左右为难 35. tear oneself away from…依依不舍 地离开；把…拿走 36. in an emergency 在紧急情况下 37. howl with laughter 狂笑 38. in charge负责；掌管 39. take sb. on雇佣某人 40.raise sb to sb’s feet 将某人扶 起 41.be supposed to …被期望；应该 42.do fine干得不错 【Unit 2】 1. achieve success in… 在…方面取得成功 2. meet/reach/achieve/accomplish one’ s goal实现目标 3. in case以防（万一）；如果 4. describe…as…把…描述成… 5. devote/dedicate one’s life/oneself to…投身于，献身于 6. cost sb. Sth.使某人失去… 7. cheer (sb) up（使某人）振作起来，高 兴起来 8. in high/good spirits 情绪高涨，兴高采烈 9.be proud of…/take pride in以…而自 豪 10. adjust/adapt (oneself) to…适应… 11. a series of…一系列 12. pay special attention to…特别注意 13. so/as long as; if only只要… 14. be full of; be filled with 充满 15. becontent/pleased/satisfied with 对…满意
Module 2 No Drugs 1.教学目标（teaching objectives） a.Students can learn some words and phrases about cigarettes and drugs and use them to express the harm of drugs. b.Students can use related words, phrases and sentence patterns to make a poster to remind others of the harm of drugs. c.Students can know the harm of drugs and they can refuse them firmly and help those who are addicted to drugs. 2.学情分析（analysis of students） Students are in the second term of the tenth grade and they are not familiar with the English class which is taught by English in the whole 45 minutes. Students are full of enthusiasm and interest but they don’t know how to use English to think about things around them and they lack related vocabulary. In fact, students have known something about this topic and they have some thoughts to express. Thus, how to motivate them to express their opinions about drugs is my biggest task. In this class, I will carry out many different ways to lead them to think and express. 3.教学重难点（key points and difficult points） Key points a.Students can use what they learned to persuade others out of drugs. b.Students can grasp the skill of organize a narration and an exposition. Difficult points a.Students can understand and use properly the adverbial clauses. b.Students can write two short passages to persuade others to give up drugs both in the form of a narration and an exposition. 4.教学过程（teaching procedures） 教学活动 I. 导入（leading-in） Who are they? why were they put into prison? Do you know these things? What are they called?
高中英语学习材料 madeofjingetieji 盐城市龙冈中学牛津高中英语模块一测试题 命题人：程永华 第一卷(选择题，共75分) I.听力（共两节，满分20分） 第一节（共5小题；满分5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.How much is the skirt? A.$19.15. B.$9.15. C.$9.50 2.What are the two speakers doing? A.They are having a rest. B.They want to have dinner. C.They are hiking on a hill. 3.What does the man mean? A.He doesn't like Chinese food. B.He doesn't want to eat out. C.He wants to pay for the meal. 4.What did the man do yesterday evening? A.He had dinner with his friend. B.He visited a friend. C.He saw a film. 5.When does Mr Brown have to be at the airport? A.At 8:30. B.At 9:30. C.At 10:30. 第二节（共15小题，满分15分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。 6.What kind of color TV does the woman want to buy? A.A small one. B.A big one. C.A cheap one. 7.What's the man's opinion about buying a TV? A.The woman should buy a small one. B.The woman should buy a big one. C.The woman should buy a cheap one. 8.Why does the man give the woman such a suggestion? A.Because the big one is too expensive. B.Because she will have to change it in a few years. C.Because her sitting room isn't very big. 听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。 9.Where is the boy going to spend his holiday? A.In the city. B.In his hometown. C.Abroad. 10.What will he do there? A.Do some farm work. B.Study at home. C.Do some housework. 11.Which of the following is TRUE? A.The girl knows how to farm. B.The boy's grandparents don't live in the city. C.The boy's school is in the country. 听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。 12.What are the man and the woman looking for? A.A comfortable hotel. B.A modern hotel. C.A cheap hotel. 13.Where could the man and the woman find the hotel they need? A.Next to the bank. B.A two minutes' drive to the west. C.On the left side of the street.
牛津高中英语模块六中文单词表Unit 1 1喜剧 2周刊；周报 adj.每周的 3.相声 4支持，维护 5单口喜剧 adj.(喜剧 )单人表演的 6舞台；阶段，时期 7.喜剧演员，滑稽演员 8取笑；揶揄；戏弄 9.先前的，以往的 10.(同一事物 )不同种类；多种样式 11.风格；方式；样式 12表现 13视觉的 14.锤子，榔头 vt.敲，捶打 15.绊， (使)绊倒 16绊倒 17表演，演出；表现，业绩 18拿??开玩笑；取笑，嘲弄 19喜爱，钟爱 20喜爱，钟爱 21.演员；表演者 22.研究院，学会；专科院校 23演出，表演；做，履行；工作，运转 24鲜为人知的 25想出；拿出 26.技术的，技能的 27.嘴唇 28.无声电影 29大叫，嚎叫 n.嚎叫 , 嚎叫声 30.逗笑，逗乐 ;提供 (消遣 )， (使) 娱乐 31格言，谚语，警句 32.雪茄烟 33.浴缸，浴盆 34去世，亡故 35.衷悼，忧伤 36健壮，健康；适合 37增强；巩固 38瑜伽术 39.肌肉 40.参加，参与 41深呼吸的 42.积极的，正面的；肯定的 43赶走；驱赶
44负面的，消极的；否定的；坏的，有害的 45.保证；担保 46愚蠢 47外国人 48.教授，传授；指示，命令；告知 49接纳 50最初的，初始的 n.(人名的 )首字母 51(通常经过努力 )获得；得到；达到 52.提高；修改；润色 53看不见的；无形的 54长凳，长椅 55戏剧、小说等的 )情节背景；场景；环境 56为??腾出地方 57.教科书；课本 58暖和舒适的，惬意的 59.邀请 60在??旁边；与??一起 61.拥挤的 62.城堡；堡垒 63扶手椅 64叫喊，大喊 ,吼叫 65摞；垛；堆 66貌似官方的 67.怒，怒火，怒气 68.鞠躬；低头 ;(使 )弯曲 n.鞠躬；船头 69急奔，急驰，猛冲 n.急奔，猛冲；匆忙，仓促70.撕，扯 71猛冲，突然出现；爆裂 72闯进；突然闯入 73空手；一无所获 74怒目而视；发出炫目的光 75对??怒目而视 76递出；拿出；伸出 77n.卫生纸，手纸 1.围绕，环绕 2疼痛，痛苦；折磨 3体操运动员 4电视观众；观看者 5友好；善意 6.青少年的；地位 ( 或职位、级别 )低下的 7跳马 (体操项目 )；腾跳 8分开，分离 9.远离，和??不在一起；除了 10(体育运动用的 )厚垫子 11.专科医师；专家
牛津高中英语教学设计 单元：Unit 2 Wish you were here 板块：Welcome to the unit Thoughts on the design: 本节课是以看、听、说为主的口语教学课。英语口语课的教学任务是培养学生口头表达和交际的能力。如何搞好英语口语教学、培养学生的英语交际能力是实现英语学科教学目的的要害。美国心理学家布鲁纳认为：“成功的外语课堂教学应在课堂内创设更多的情景，让学生有机会运用自己学到的语言材料。”本单元内容是关于冒险及旅游的，本节课将利用电脑多媒体手段，以视听的形式给学生介绍世界各地的风光，营造英语教学的真实情景，提高学生运用英语进行交流信息和思想感情的能力，并为本单元后续内容的教学作知识和能力的铺垫。 Teaching aims:. After learning the content of this period, the students will be able to get some background knowledge about different places in the world, including the amazing sights and animals. Meanwhile, the students’spoken English will be trained, and their interest will be aroused by talking about traveling. Teaching procedures: Step 1 Greeting and Lead-in 1. Nowadays, more and more people are interested in traveling on holidays. They want to go to different places and different countries to get close to nature to enjoy beautiful scenery. Now, please enjoy some beautiful pictures, and then answer my questions. (Show ppt.5-8) ①Have you ever been to some places? ②What is the most exciting place you have ever been to? ③Try to describe the place for us. 2. Get the students to work in pairs and discuss the above questions. [Explanation] 旅游是学生们喜爱的话题，美丽的风光图片更能引起学生的兴趣，这个教学环节利用PPT展示世界各地风光，吸引学生谈论自己的旅游经历，锻炼他们的口语表达能力。 Step 2 Welcome to the unit Study the four pictures in the text boob, and provide the students with more detailed information about Africa, Australia, Brazilian rainforest and Gobi Desert. Africa—The grasslands of Africa are home to many animals, such as lions, elephants, zebras, giraffes etc. Animals live comfortably and peacefully there.(PPT10)
Unit1 1.W e have a variety of ways to attain that goal. 2.A fter playing the violin for ten years, Sophia moved on to the piano. 3.W hatever the reason, many people prefer to come here to polish (up) their language skills. 4.T he only solution I’ve come up with is to ask you to make room on the shelf for some more books. 5.H e held out his car key, saying that I could use this car. 6.M y idea is that we stay where we are and wait for help. 7.W hat on earth are they looking at ?
what is going on there? 8.M any foreigners have an interest in the Chinese culture and some of them have come to china to learn Chinese. Unit2 1.S he studies until 11 o’clock every morning, apart from the class she attends at the weekend. 2.W hen I graduated, I felt caught between pursuing future education and looking for a job. 3.T his week’s lecture will focus on how to be happy in life. 4.E veryone has the right to go after
高中牛津英语模块五英译汉Unit 1 1.betray 2.quiz 3.pretend 4.cheerful 5.washroom 6.admit 7.beg 8.swear 9.spy 10.spy on 11.truly 12.forgive 13.sincerely 14.childhood 15.superb 16.focus 17.pace 18.keep pace with 19.manner 20.horrible 21.guilty 22.cruel 23.remark 24.dislike 25.argue 26.awkward 27.apologize 28.quarrel 29.sensitive 30.athletic 31.envy 32.blame 33.gifted 34.disagreement 35.before long 36.mailbox 37.algebra 38.arithmetic 39.Easter 40.amusement 41.amusement park 42.circus 43.identity 44.absurd 45.hopeless 46.overcome 47.get through 48.acquaintance 49.twin 50.apartment 51.topic 52.attitude
53.anchor 54.be based on 55.cautious 56.eager 57.worldwide 58.adolescent 59.respond 60.pause 61.regardless 62.regardless of 63.security 64.end up 65.waiting room 66.rely 67.rely on 68.trolleybus 69.revision 70.thanks to https://www.doczj.com/doc/ce2089886.html,mitted 72.mercy 73.apology Unit 2 1.spokeswoman 2.consultant 3.debate 4.open the floor 5.flow 6.duty 7.cut back on 8.production 9.recycle 10.pipe 11.greedy 12.businessman 13.responsibility 14.belief 15.environmental 16.operate 17.credit 18.quantity 19.raw 20.raw material 21.seafood 22.willing 23.tax 24.goods 25.pump https://www.doczj.com/doc/ce2089886.html,e up 27.run out (of) 28.madam 29.arrival 30.clean up 31.arrest 32.illegally
牛津高中英语教学设计 单元：Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained 板块：Task Thoughts on the design: 本节课是以提高分析数据图表能力、加强英语实践应用能力为目标的实践教学课。实践应用教学应当“有层次”先模仿后独立完成。 Teaching aims: After learning this period, the students will be able to know how to analyse statistics that gathered from questionnaires, and how to draw conclusions and make recommendations through the statistics. Teaching procedures: Step 1 Lead-in PPT4—7 We analyze the statistics gathered from a number of questionnaires before we use the information to write a report. Make sure that students know what can be obtained through analyzing the statistics. They can draw conclusions and make recommendations. Thus, they can discover what people are interested in, what they are doing or they want to do. Encourage students to think of more conclusions and recommendations about the example sentence. Conclusions 1. Many students know how to use an English dictionary. 2. Some students like to use an English dictionary. 3. An English dictionary is very useful. 4. It’s easy to get an English dictionary. 5. More… Recommendation Every student who is studying English should have an English dictionary. Step 2 Presentation 2 examples Example 1 PPT 8—10 Read the pie chart about students’ after school activities and analyse the statistics. And draw at least three more conclusions and make another three recommendations.
1 牛津高中英语模块五词汇表 Unit1 betray出卖，背叛 quiz小测验 pretend假装；装扮 cheerful愉快的，高兴的washroom洗手间，厕所 admit承认；允许进入 beg请求，恳求；乞讨 swear发誓；郑重承诺 spy从事间谍活动 spy on暗中监视，窥探 truly真诚地，诚恳的 forgive原谅，宽恕 sincerely真诚地childhood童年，幼年 superb极佳的；卓越的 focus集中注意力于…… pace速度；步伐；节奏 keep pace with(与……)步调一致 manner方式；态度，举止 circus马戏表演；马戏团identity身份 absurd荒唐的，怪诞的hopeless没有好转希望的 overcome克服，解决 get through(用电话)接通acquaintance泛泛之交，熟人twin双胞胎之一的apartment公寓套房 topic话题
attitude态度，看法 anchor扎根于，使基于 be based on以……为基础，以……为根据 cautious小心的，谨慎的eager热切的，急不可待的worldwide全世界的adolescent青春期的respond做出反应，回应pause停顿，暂停 regardless不顾；不管怎样regardless of不管，不顾security平安，安全 end up最终处于 waiting room候车室；等候室 rely依靠，依赖rely on依靠，依赖 trolleybus无轨电车 revision复习；修订 thanks to幸亏；由于 committed尽心尽力的 mercy宽恕；仁慈 apology道歉 Unit2 spokeswoman女发言人 consultant顾问 debate辩论；争论 open the floor自由发言flow流，流动 duty责任，义务 cut back on减少，削减，缩减 production产量；生产
Module 2 Unit 1 Reading Boy missing , police puzzled Chenhui Nov. 1. 2016 教学设想 对于学生来说，语言学习不仅仅是为了交际和提高语言运用能力，更是为了在高考中取得较好成绩，这是一个不可回避的话题。近几年的高考英语试卷，都对阅读能力提出了较高的要求，关于归纳、总结、辨析、推理等批判性思维题目的比重越来越大，而且这类题已经成为了学生失分的重灾区。因此，在日常阅读教学中帮助学生提升批判性思维能力已是迫在眉睫。因此，在课程上运用批判性阅读策略指导阅读教学，能有效提升学生批判性思维能力，从而满足学生自身的学习需求。 批判性阅读强调把预测、分析、概括、推理、判断、评价等批判性阅读策略应用于阅读过程中，不仅有利于提升读者的批判性思维能力，更有利于提升读者深层次阅读的能力。基于具体运用批判性阅读策略到真实课堂的初衷，我对这堂课进行了相应的教学设计。 第一、将批判性策略融入教学目标。 教学目标是任何一堂课首先要考虑的问题。在批判性阅读教学中，教学目标的设置需要体现出批判性阅读策略的应用，鉴于学生的认知水平，我的教学目标设定为：have a preliminary sense of using critical reading strategy in reading an newspaper article 第二、教学环节的设计涉及到分析、应用及创造这些认知过程。 因为课堂教学文本是阅读新闻报纸文章，我先选择相似但内容较简单的文本让学生阅读。在教师问题的引导下，学生能够自我总结出：在阅读新闻文章的首段，我们应该重点把握五个因素（人物、时间、地点、事件、情节）。在此基础上，学生能够将所总结的规律应用到新课程的学习中。最后，以读促写的环节能够促使学生实现知识迁移，解决新问题，培养他们的批判性思维。 第三、通过预测培养发散性思维。 预测是指读者根据文章提供的线索，包括文字和非文字，结合自己已有的认知结构和经验，对文本的主题、内容等做出的预先推测（张茹芳，2012）。我让
Stand up for your health ! People have always enjoyed laughing ,and there has always been humour .One favourite type of comedy is called is a kind of comedy that is done on a stage by a comedian talking straight to audience members .A stand-up comedian may tease an audience member,or might decide to tell different jokes depending upon how the audience reacted to his or her previous jokes . Types of stand-up There are a variety of different styles of stand-up comedians tell jokes about the way people behave or about daily example,they may talk about how people act when they queue they may ask why it only rains when you forget your umbrella. Other comedians rely on visual humour may be inspired by example,one comedian uses a huge hammer to break watermelons while he makes jokes about what he is comedian points to a video tennis game and says , ‘I’ve been playing tennis every day for a month. I don’t understand why I am not losing weight!’Yet other comedians may trip over chairs,walk into doors, and fall down on stage in order to make people kind of absurd humour is not very funny if you are only listening and not watching the comedian’s last kind of comedian does impressions-he or she will act or speak like a
牛津高中英语模块五 Unit 3 Science versus nature Reading –The Perfect Copy(1)教学设计与思考 Ⅰ.Teaching Aims and Demands A. Knowledge 1.Enable the students to get some information about cloning. 2.Enable the students to learn some different opinions on cloning. 3.Help the students to learn how to understand scientific terms and analyze the passage according to the reading strategy. B. Feelings and Attitudes 1.Get the students to form the right attitudes towards the advanced technologies. 2.We should make good use of the advanced technologies to make our life better and better. C. Ability 1.Develop the students’ cooperation spirit. 2.Let students get some reading skills about scientific articles. Ⅱ.Teaching importances and difficulties. 1.Talk about cloning and human cloning. 2.How to describe the advantages and disadvantages of human cloning. Ⅲ.Teaching procedures and ways Step1 Lead-in 1 Ask the students to share the information collected about cloning before class. 2 Brief introduction about cloning and the fierce debates between scientists. (设计目的与意义：让学生对克隆技术有一个大概的了解，培养学生搜集资料、处理信息的能力。同时，通过图片、视频等方式简单介绍背景信息，活跃课堂气氛，并快速进入课堂主题。) Step2 Fast reading 1 Read the passage fast and answer the following questions. 1) Does the article give an anti- or pro-cloning point of view, or both? (Both) 2) What was the name of the first cloned mammal? (Dolly) 2 Read the first and the last paragraphs to answer the following questions . 1) What’s the first paragraph about? 2) What’s the last paragraph about? 3) What’s the passage about? Keys:!)Scientists’ success in cloning caused much debate. 2)China’s achievements on cloning.3)Different opinions about cloning. (设计目的与意义：培养学生快速把握文章脉络，理解文章大意，提高获取信息的能力以及有关阅读科技类文章的技巧。) Step3 Careful reading 1 Read the passage carefully and decide which of the following statements are Tor F. 1) People all over the world are happy about the idea of cloning human beings. 2)Dolly is exactly the same as other sheep. 3) A Scottish doctor created Dolly.
模块二Unit3：Task writing a biographical article授课 案 ●Task writing a biographical article This section consists of a series of activities which provide opportunities to learn and practice language skills. Each of the three steps is preceded by a skills building activity. Try to learn how to write a curriculum vitae and a biographical article. Skills building 1: listening for figures In this part you will learn when to use cardinal numbers or ordinal numbers and how to identify specific numbers when listening. You will also learn what words or phrases can be used to express an approximate number or to modify a number. Listen to an interview and fill in the figures you hear. 1. First let’s review different forms of numbers. Please give the ordinal form of the numbers below. ① 1-12 Cardinal numbers Ordinal numbers formation one first/1st 1. 序数词1-3为特殊变化 two second/2nd 2. 4-12在基数词词尾加-th构成。 three third/3rd注意fifth, ninth, twelfth的词形变 four fourth/4th化。 five fifth/5th nine ninth/9th twelve twelfth/12th ② 13-19基数词在数词3-9后加-teen构成，其中13和15发生拼写变化，分别为thirteen, fifteen 13-19序数词在基数词后加-th构成。如：thirteen--thirteenth ③ 20-90整十位数在基数词2-9之后加后缀-ty构成，其中20，30，40，50拼写发生变化，分别为twenty, thirty, forty, fifty; 构成序数词时，将词尾y变成i加eth, 如：sixty—sixtieth/60th 十位数之间的数，由十位数加个位数构成，中间用连字符号。构成序数词时，十位数用基数词表示，个位数用序数词表示。如：21/ twenty-one→twenty-first/ 21st Note:
模块一 Unit1 enjoyable adj.有趣的, 愉快的 experience n. 经历, 经验vt. 经历, 体验 assembly n. 集合, 集会, 装配 headmaster n. (中小学的)校长 earn vt. 赚得, 赢得, 生利 respect n. 尊敬, 敬重; 关系, 方面vt. 尊敬, 尊重; 关于, 涉及devote vt. 投入于,献身 literature n. 文学, 文献 average n. 平均数,平均水平 adj. 一般的,通常的,平均的 vt. &vi.平均值，达到平均水平 struggle n. 竞争,努力,奋斗v. 努力,奋斗,挣扎challenging adj.具有挑战性的;引起兴趣的;令人深思的 v.挑战，质疑(challenge的现在分词) encouragement n. 鼓励 cooking adj. 烹饪的 n. 烹饪动词(cook的现在分词) for free adj. 免费 extra adj. 额外的adv. 特别地n. 额外的事物，另外收费的Spanish adj. 西班牙的n. 西班牙语 sculpture n. 雕塑vt. 雕刻,雕塑vi. 当雕刻师 dessert n. 甜食 look back (on) 回忆，回顾 satisfaction n. 赔偿,满意,妥善处理,乐事,确信 surf n. 海浪拍岸,冲浪 vi. 冲浪,浏览vt. 浏览 academic n. 教学人员,学术人adj. 学院的,理论的,学术性的exchange n. 交换,交换物,汇兑,交易所vt. &vi. 交换,交易,兑换former adj. 以前的,在前的, 前任的pron.&n. 前者 n. 模型，样板，构成者，创造者，起形成作用的人，[无线]线圈架 fluent adj. 流利的，流畅的 painting n. 水彩画,油画 donate vt. 捐赠,转移(电子) vi. 捐款