浅析定语从句高考攻略
发表时间：2009-06-16T15:04:00.593Z 来源：《文科爱好者》2009年第2期供稿作者：赵凤鸣（广西全州绍水高中广西全州 541500）[导读] 教师必须要求学生熟练掌握并能灵活运用。
【摘要】定语从句的用法较为复杂，涉及到句法功能、时态、常见结构、词语辨析等方面，是历年高考英语命题的热点之一，因此，教师必须要求学生熟练掌握并能灵活运用。
【关键词】定语从句；词语辨析；句法功能
【中图分类号】 G 633.41 【文献标识码】C 【文章编号】 1671-1270(2009)2-0125-01
定语从句的用法较为复杂，涉及到句法功能、时态、常见结构、词语辨析等方面，是历年高考英语命题的热点之一，为了能熟练掌握并运用该项内容，现将其用法分述如下：
一、关系代词引导定语从句
who指人，在定语从句中作主语
The child who is playing football there comes from Greece.
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7:00 tomorrow morning.
注意：先行词those指人时，通常不用that，用who引导定语从句。
whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略
Our Chinese teacher is the person (whom ) you talked with under the tree yesterday.
Li Ming is the right boy (whom) I want to meet.
注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。
which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略
The film (which) the students all went to see last week is not interesting at all.
that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。它在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略 The student that /whom you introduced to me is a hard-working one.
Last week I received a wonderful postcard that/ which came from the USA.
whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
He lives in the house whose door opens to the south.
注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：
We study in the building whose windows were painted green last month.
=We study in the building the windows of which were painted green last month.
二、 “介词+关系代词” 引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous.
=The school in which he once studied is very famous.
We’ll go to hear the famous singer (that/whom /who)we have been talking about these days.
=We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have been talking these days.
注意：
定语从句中谓语是含介词的短语动词，短语动词的各个固定的部分不要拆开。
如：wait for ,look after ,pay attention to ,look forward to 等。
This is the watch which/that they are looking for.
当介词放在关系代词前
关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you played just now is my neighbour.
“介词+关系代词”
还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。
They have five brothers and sisters, three of whom all work in Beijing.
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
when指时间
在定语从句中作时间状语。
I never forget that day when we first came to this school.
where 指地点
在定语从句中作地点状语。
This is the room where the great man once lived.
why指原因
在定语从句中作原因状语。
He told me the reason why he hadn’t come to take the examination.
注意：引导定语从句的关系副词经常可以用“介词+关系代词”来代替，其中关系代词只能用which。 This is the farm on which (=where) they once worked1.
The reason for which(=why)he didn’t accept the invitation is very clear now.
四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
在形式上
非限制性定语从句的主、从句要用逗号隔开；限制性定语从句却不需要。
定语从句 一．考点概述： 本考点是历年高考中考查的重点，主要考查关系代词(who, which,that,whose,whom)和关系副词（when, where, why）的用 法；考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；其次阅读理解和完型填空中长难 句的分析等 二．考点聚焦 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 例如： He is the man who studies in USA. 本句中涉及到三个概念： 1.先行词即 the man：被定语从句饰的词称为先行词 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样 可作先行词。 2. 引导词即who:起连接的作用 引导词分两类：关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：who;which;that;whose;whom 关系副词：when;where;why 3.从句即studies in USA.：引导词之后的句子。 三．考点精讲 1. 关系代词 : who;which; that; whom; whose 其中关系代词who;which;that;whom用于后面的从句缺主语或宾语的情况 (1)who:指代先行词是人(可做从句的主语或宾语)
She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语) (2)which:指代先行词是物（做从句的主语或宾语） That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (3)that: 指代先行词是人或物（做从句的主语或宾语） She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (4)whom;指代先行词是人，但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。 She is the girl who/whom I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man whom teaches us English.(从句缺主语,本句用whom是错误的) (5)whose:指代从句中缺定语的情况（表示所属关系） That is the building whose windows broke last night.(本句中的windows是属于 the building构成一种所属关系即缺少building’s) 2.关系副词：when;where;why(该三个词主要用于从句是不缺主语或是宾语的情况 即从句是个完整句) (1) when:指代先行词表时间如：time；month;year;occasion等(形式上等于介词 +which) I still remember the day when /on which I came to Beijing.(该从句是一个完整的句子，先行词是the day在从句中需要加个介词on来做状语的成分即I came to Beijing on the day) (2)where :指代先行词是地点的词如：place;house;school;也可以是模糊的词如：point;stage;work;situation等(形式上等于介词+which) That is the place where/in which I was born .(该从句I was born也是一个完整句，即不缺主语或宾语的，此时where可以换成in which) (3)why:指代先行词是表原因的词即：reason（形式上只能是等于for+which) That is the reason why/for which he was late for school.
2016-2020高考英语试题分类汇总-定语从句（解析 版） 【2020年】 1.（2020·江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free. A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which 引导。故选B。 3.（2020·天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。 3.（2020·新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist61 paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【2019年】 1.【2019·江苏卷】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. when D. that 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A. why B. where C. which D. what 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can
定语从句十年高考真题汇编 1.【2012全国卷II】⒏ That evening, ______I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when 2.【2012安徽】29. A lot of language learning, ______has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this 3.【2012重庆】29. Sales director is a position ______communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A. which B. that C. when D. where 4.【2012北京】26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 5.【2012福建】23. The air quality in the city, _____ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what 6.【2012陕西】14. It is the third time that she has won the race, ____ has surprised us all. A. that B. where C. which D. what 7.【2012山东】23. Maria has written two novels, both of ___ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what 8.【2012湖南】34. Care of the soul is a gradual process ____ even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which 9.【2012天津】7. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ____ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 10.【2012江西】28. By 16:30, ____ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. which B. when C. what D. that 11.【2012四川】13. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them 12.【2012浙江】9. We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 13.【2012浙江】17. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom 14.【2012江苏】22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what 15.【2011全国卷I】The prize will go to the writer _____ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 16. 【2011全国卷II】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which 17.【2011北京卷】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _____, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that 18.【2011上海卷】You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station _____ you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as 19.【2011山东卷】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____ are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that 20.【2011江西卷】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____ had taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 21.【2011江苏卷】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _____ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which 22.【2011安徽卷】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks. A. when B. which C. where D. while 23. 【2011浙江卷】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _____ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those 24. 【2011浙江卷】A bank is the place _____ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when
教学过程 一、复习预习 1、对上节课课后作业中的问题进行查漏补缺； 2、导入： e.g. She is a beautiful girl. She is a beautiful girl who drives me crazy. 二、知识讲解 （一）定语从句定义
1、定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。 2、先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。 3、关系词：用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。 关系代词的种类： 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系副词：when, where, why 4、定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。 a、There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her. b、In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. c、Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie. d、Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story. （二）定语从句分类 限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连，缺少它则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。 1、The man who gave me this book is T om .(限定性) 2、T om,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (非限定性) （三）关系代词 1、who指人，在定语从句中作主语。 e.g. The man who is sitting under the tree is a German . 2、Whom指人，在句中做宾语，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who。关系代词前有介词时不能省略。 e.g. I know the girl (whom) the teacher is speaking to . I know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking . 3、whose, 作定语，可指人或物 e.g. Everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead. They are the lazy students whose homework wasn’t handed in . 4、that 指人或物，多指物，作主语（不能省略）或宾语（可省略） e.g. He is the finest comrade that has helped us . This is a plant that grows in the north . 5、which ,指物，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。 e.g. This is a plant which grows in the north . ☆常用that不用which的情况 1、当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时，只用that。 歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。 Pay attention to everything that I do.
2020近5年高考全国卷真题语法专项-定语从句（详解与真题） 考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；其次阅读理解和完型填空中长难句的分析等1 考点聚焦 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 例如：He is the man who studies in USA. 本句中涉及到三个概念： 1.先行词即 the man：被定语从句饰的词称为先行词
先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing 的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。 2. 引导词即who:起连接的作用 引导词分两类：关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：who;which;that;whose;whom 关系副词：when;where;why 3.从句即studies in USA.：引导词之后的句子。 2 考点精讲 1. 关系代词: who;which; that; whom; whose 其中关系代词who;which;that;whom用于后面的从句缺主语或宾语的情况
(1) who:指代先行词是人(可做从句的主语或宾语) She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语) (2) which:指代先行词是物（做从句的主语或宾语） That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (3) that: 指代先行词是人或物（做从句的主语或宾语） She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (4) whom;指代先行词是人，但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。 She is the girl who/whom I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man whom teaches us English.(从句缺主语,本句用whom是错误的)
高三语法复习---定语从句 考点1 关系代词引导的定语从句 1.［2016·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development (develop) of chopsticks. 2.［2016·北京］I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise. 3.［2016·江苏］Many young people, most of were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 4.［2015·安徽］Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends. 5.［2015·江苏］The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 6.［2015·四川］The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 7.［2015·重庆］He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s. 8.［2015·福建］China Today attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 9.［2014·山东］A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. 10.［2014·江西］Among the many dangers sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. 11.［2014·安徽］The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 12.［2014·重庆］We’ll reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year. 13.［2014·四川］Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected． 14.［2014·北京］I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me. 15.［2014·陕西］Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position. 16.［2013·福建］The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected. 17.［2013·江苏］The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, he remembers starting as early as his childhood. 18.［2013·山东］There is no simple answer, is often the case in science. 19.［2013·湖南］Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths. 20.［2013·山东］Finally he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from the outside
定语从句专项练习及相应历年高考题 1．Mathematics is the subject _______. A that he is deeply interested B he is much interested in C he is deeply interested D which he is very much interested 2. The reason ___ I can’t come is that I have to prepare fo r the coming exam. A. for B. as C. because D. why 3. The dictionary ______ is now out of stock. A he bought last week B which he bought it last week C bought last week D he bought last week before 4. She studied hard at school when she was young, ______ contributes to her success in her career. A. that B. so that C. so D. which 5. The mouse ______ comes out at night to nibble at the cheese we leave as bait. A. whom lives in the wall B. that lives in the wall C. whom the wall lives in D. that live in the wall 6. I’ve got a bottle of beer, but I haven’t got anything ____ I can open it with. A. that B. what C. where D. which 7. All members ______ are admitted to the auditorium. A. have got tickets B. that had got the tickets C. that have got the tickets D. who have got the tickets 8. Such electronic tubes ______ in a radio set are also found in a TV set. A. that we use B. as we use them C. as we use D. that we use them 9. Writers can accurately describe objects ______ have never seen. A. who B. if they C. they D. that 10. It wasn’t such a good present _____ he had promised me. A. that B. while C. as D. what 11. Perhaps the day will come ____ people will be able to breathe clean air in city. A. when B. while C. as D. since 12. The only thing ______ I knew is _____ my brother said to me the other day. A. which… what B. that… what C. what… that D. that… which 13. He’s the man ______ I supposed was capable of doing such a thing. A. to whom B. of whom C. who D. whom 14. She is the girl ______. A. whose name is Susan B. name of whom is Susan C. who name is Susan D. her name is Susan 15. Certain layers of the atmosphere have special names ______. which indicated their character properties whose characteristic properties are indicating what characterize their indicate properties that indicate their characteristic properties 16. The expressway _____ we drive to work is always crowed. A. that B. which C. when D. on which 17. I am grateful to him for that advice, _______ I owe all my success. A. which B. that C. to which D. by which
在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。 提示：关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。 I I . 我把我所有的钱都给了她。（连接先特词和定语从句I ） 2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 a . 住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。（替代） 3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 I . 我喜欢传统的中国画。（在定语从句中作主语） 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有, , , , 等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 A． 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 ? 借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词） . 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词） , , . 会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。（定语从句修饰先行词） B． 指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，可省略或可用来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用。 . 有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。（定语从句分别修饰先行词, ） I . 和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词） . , I , . . , I , . 昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。（非限制性定语从句中不能用代替） , I , . 两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用） C． 人、物皆可，做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词，先行词和后面的名词之间往往是从属关系。 . 有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词） I . 我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词） D． 1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。
定语从句考点专练 一、改错 1. The dishes what I cooked were Mum’s favorite. 2. We all like our English teacher, from him we have learned a lot. 3. Between the lectures is 20 minutes’ break, which the students can get relaxed. 4. Her performance on the stage were perfect, that made a lot of people admire her. 5. Playing basketball is a sport that working as a team matters more. 6. This is the last time that I’ve given you lessons. 7. Soon they came to a farm house, and in front of which sat a small boy. 8. We heard the news which our team won the game. 9. The reason why he explained sounds reasonable. 10. Those want to buy tickets write down your names. 11. That was the reason because she looked old. 12. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school. 13. Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from. 二、语法填空 1. I am Li Hua, ______ is studying in Senior Three. There are still people _____ disagree. 2. I am writing to draw your attention to the Traditional Chinese Culture Fair, ______ is going to start from 9 to 12 am on Dec. 20th at the Art Centre. 3. _____ we know, china is getting richer and stronger and more people hope to know more about its history and culture. 4. The reason _______________we conduct such a ceremony is to spread/promote traditional Chinese culture to people from all walks of life. There are various reasons ________________we organize it. 5. There are mainly three activities ______________ you can have fun and learn about Chinese culture.
历年高考定语从句考试题及答案 1. I don’t like___ you speak to her. (1996上海) A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 2. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those ___in the forest. A. once they grew B. they grew once C. they once grew D. that once grew (1997上海) 3. Carol said the work would be done by October, ______personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which (99) 4. is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It (1999上海) 5. He was very rude to the Customs officer, of course made things even worse. A. who B. whom C. what D. which (1999上海) 6. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what (2000) 7. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, was very reasonable. (2000上海) A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 8. The result of the experiment was very good, we hadn’t expected. A. when B. that C. which D. what (2000北京春) 9. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ______ leading actor is w orld-famous? A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which (2001上海春季) 10. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour,was true. A. he B. this C. which D. who (2001北京春) 11. The film brought the hours to me I was taken good care of in that far away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where (2001NMET) 12. is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What (2001NMET) 13. He is the only one of the students who ______ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been (2002上海春季) 14. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why (2001上海) 15. Is this the reason ______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained (2002上海春季) 16. The famous basketball star, ______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A. where B. when C. which D. who (2002北京春季) 17. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ______ I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what (2002NMET) 18. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places, ______ other visitors seldom go. A. what B. which C. where D. when (2002北京) 19. We are living in an age many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when (2003北京春) 20. has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.