Unit1 Friendship-语法篇
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通过本节课的学习掌握直接引语变间接引语的用法（1）
直接引语变间接引语（一）
一、概述
引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。
Mr. Black said,“I’m busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语）
Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语）
从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题，分述如下：
二、直接引语是陈述句时
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1.人称的变化
直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化。口诀如下：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its,they,their, theirs, them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。一随主：
①He said , “Ilikeit very much.”他说：“我非常喜欢它”。
→He said thathelikedit very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变)
②They said , “our parents often go shopping with us.”
→They said their parents often go shopping with them.
二随宾:
①He said, “Youtoldme this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。”
→He said that Ihad toldhim that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。
(You改为I, me改为him, told改为had told)
②She said to Mary , “How is your brother now?”
→She asked Mary how her brother was then.
第三人称不更新:
①He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”
He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。
(She’s→she had，her不变，your→my)
③Mr. White said, “Hand is a good worker.”
2. 时态的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的时态要作出相应的
变化，当主句为一般现在时，从句可以是任何时态；当主
句为一般过去时，从句必须为过去时的某个时态。即“主
过从过，主现从随意”。情态动词也要变成相应的过去式：
can—could; may —might;
must — must/had to
（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引
语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表：
①He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。
→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。
②He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。”
→He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。
④She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”
她说：“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。”
→She said that she had not heard from him since May.
她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。
⑤He said, “I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。”
→He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。
⑥He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他说：“晚饭前我己做完了作业。”
→He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。
⑦Zhou Lan said, “I’ll do it after class.”周兰说：“下课后我就去做。”
→Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周兰说下课后她就去做。
⑧He said,“I shall be doing my homework then.”他说：“那时我将正在做作业。”
→He said that he should be doing his homework then.他说那时他将正在做作业。
⑧He said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.”
他说：“我们将在那时以前完成工作。”
→He said that they should have finished the work by that time.
他说他们将在那时以前完成工作。
注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
①The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”老师说：“地球是圆的。”
→The teacher said that the earth is round.老师说地球是圆的。
②He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.”他说: “我1965年生于山东。”
→He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965. 他说他1965年生于山东。
③He said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”他说：“哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。”
→He said Columbus discovered America in 1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
（2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时
如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变
①He says, “I finished the work.”他说：“我做完工作了。”
He says that he finished the work. 他说他做完工作了。
②He will say, “I have watered the flowers.”他会说：“我已经浇花了。”
He will say he has watered the flowers. 他会说他已经浇花了。
三、直接引语是疑问句时
直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。其人称、时态等相应的变化同上。
巧记：if(或whether)替引号，陈述语序要记牢。时态、人称和状语要变化，千万别把它忘掉。
1.直接引语是一般问句
变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if将其引出，使其成为间接引语的宾语从句。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, them, us等。
①She said, “Isyour father an engineer?”她说：“你父亲是工程师吗？”
→She askedmewhethermy father was an engineer.她问我说我父亲是否是工程师。
②The teacher said to Li Ming, “Haveyou finished your homework?”老师对李明说：“你做完作业了吗？”
→The teacher asked Li Ming whetherhehad finished his homework.老师问李明是否已做完作业了。2. 直接引语是特殊问句
如果直接引语为特殊疑问句, 改为间接引语时，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where, when, who, how many作为连接词将其引出，构成间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问式的动词改为陈述式。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。
巧记：直接去引号，陈述语序莫忘掉。助动do(does)、did，要去掉。
①“What do you do every Sunday morning?”my friend said to me.我的朋友问我说，每星期天上午你做什么？
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning. 我的朋友问我每星期天上午我做什么。
①“Where have you been, Li Ming?”the teacher asked. 老师问道：“你上哪里去了，李明？”
→The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been. 老师问李明曾去过哪儿。
③I asked her, “How many English books will you read next term?” 我问她说：“下学期你将读多少本英语书？”
→I asked her how many English books she would read the next term.我问她下学期将读多少本英文书。
④“When did you get up this morning?”asked my father.我父亲问道：“今天早晨你什么时候起床的？”→My father asked me when I had got up that morning. 我父亲问我那天早晨我是什么时候起床的。
注意：直接引语里是：What’s wrong with……?/What's the matter? /What's the trouble?/What has happened?/等特殊疑问句时,间接引语的语序不变。
He said to her“What’s the matter with you?”他问她“你怎么了？”
He asked her what was the matter with her. 他问她怎么了。
例1. She said to me that_________might keep ________book for two days.
A. she;this
B. I;that
C.I;this
D. them;that
解析：句意：她对我说那本书我可以借用两天。根据句意可知，第一空用主格形式，第二空用that。答案：B
例 2. Jimmy _______her if she had seen Tom there that afternoon.
A. said to
B. asked
C. told
D.asks
解析：句意：吉米问她那天下午是否在那里见到了汤姆。根据句中的if及had seen可知此处要选asked。
答案：B
例3. My friend asked me _______I knew that day was her birthday.
A. whether
B. that
C.why
D. what
解析：本题考查宾语从句中引导词的考查，由语境可知本句所表达的句意为：我朋友问我是否知道哪天是她的生日。由语意可知宾语从句引导的是一个一般疑问句，所以要用引导词whether。
答案：A
例4. He asked me _________.
A. where I lived
B. where did I live
C. where am I living
D.where had I lived
高一英语必修一知识点最新归纳5篇 高中阶段学习难度、强度、容量加大，学习负担及压力明显加重，不能再依赖初中时期老师“填鸭式”的授课，“看管式”的自习，“命令式”的作业，要逐步培养自己主动获取知识、高一英语必修一知识点总结1 各种时态的被动语态 被动语态概述 被动语态的概念：它是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river. 被动语态的构成 被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下：
1. 一般现在时am/is/are + 过去分词 例如：Rice is planted in the south of China. 2. 一般过去时was/were + 过去分词 例如：These trees were planted the year before last. 3. 一般将来时will/shall + be + 过去分词 例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school. 4. 现在进行时am/is/are + being + 过去分词 例如：Your radio is being repaired now. 5. 过去进行时was/were + being + 过去分词 When he got there, the problem was being discussed. 6. 现在完成时have/has + been + 过去分词 His work has been finished. Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. 7. 过去完成时had + been + 过去分词 注意： 1.除了be之外的其它系动词如get, stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如：Their qu estions haven’t got answered.
人教版_高中英语必修一unit1_知识点总结 Survey n. 纵览,视察,测量v. 审视,视察,通盘考虑,调查 1. we stood on the top of the mountain and surveyed the countryside. 我们站在山顶上,眺望乡村? 2. a quick survey of the street showed that no one was about. 扫视街道, 空无一人? Add v. 增加 1. he added some wood to increase the fire. 他加了一些木柴,使火旺些? 2. if you add 4 to 5, you get 9. 四加五等于九? 3. add up all the money i owe you. 把我应付你的钱都加在一起? Upset a. 烦乱的,不高兴 v. 颠覆,推翻,扰乱,使心烦意乱,使不舒服 1. i'm always upset when i don't get any mail. 我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱? 2. he has an upset stomach. 他胃不舒服? 3. the news quite upset him. 这消息使他心烦意乱? Ignore v. 不顾,不理,忽视 1. i said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! 我向她打招呼, 可她根本不理我! 2. i can't ignore his rudeness any longer. 他粗暴无礼, 我再也不能不闻不问了? Calm n. 平稳,风平浪静 a. 平静的,冷静的 v. 平静下来,镇静 1. it was a beautiful morning, calm and serene. 那是一个宁静?明媚的早晨? 2. you should keep calm even in face of danger. 即使面临危险,你也应当保持镇静? 3. have a brandy it'll help to calm you (down). 来点儿白兰地--能使你静下来? Calm down vt. 平静下来(镇定下来)
第一讲定语从句 一关键词 定语从句：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 先行词：定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词：关系词用来引导定语从句。关系词有关系代词和关系副词之分。关系代词有that, which, who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why等。 关系词可以1) 代替先行词；2) 引导定语从句；3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。 例如：The car which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.句中，the car 为先行词；which是关系词引导是定语从句which my uncle had just bought，同时代替先行词the car在定语从句中作主语。 1.关系代词引导的定语从句 who指人，在定语从句中作主语。 whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。 which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。 that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 whose 通常指人，有时也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 Note: whose指物时，常用of which结构来代替： 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词要和先行词的性、数保持一致。 注意：which和as引导非限制性定语从句时，有时并没有特定的先行词，而是代表前面说的整个情况。这时which和as 被看作单数，译作“这一点”，其后的谓语动形式用单数形式。如：He said he was a Frenchman，which／as was not true. 但须注意，as引导的这种定语从句可置于主句之前，which引导的这种定语从句只置于主句之后。如：As is known to all，China is a socialist country. China is a socialist country, as/which is known to all. 2.关系副词引导的定语从句 when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。 介词+关系代词 1)根据动词选择介词。I don't know the foreigner with whom my teacher shook hands.（或I don't know the foreigner whom my teacher shook hands with.) Note: who和that不能直接位于介词后作宾语；有的短语动词是不能拆开的，常见的这类短语有：look for，look after等。
精心整理U1 addsth.up把……加起来 addsth.tosth.把……加到/进……里 addupto加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态) Concerningsth=Regardingsth关于，某事 gothroughahardtime经历了一段困难时期 gothroughthebaggage检查行李 gothroughthenewspaper浏览报纸 gothroughlotsofmoney花了很多钱
setdowntheideasonpaper把想法写在纸上setmedownatthebus-stop在车站让我下车aseriesof onpurpose=bydesign故意 byaccident=bychance偶然，碰巧 sufferfrom因……而痛苦,患……病sufferfromloneliness因孤独而痛苦sufferfromabadcold得了重感冒 遭受,蒙受(痛苦、饥饿、寒冷、损失等) sufferaheavyloss遭受严重损失
sufferpain/hunger/cold/death遭受痛苦;饥饿;寒冷;死亡 sufferern.受苦者 sufferingn.痛苦,苦难 recoverfromillness betiredof(doing)sth厌烦做某事 betiredfrom(doing)sth因做某事很累 Tellhimthatheshouldhavestudied.本该做却没做Doyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoug hts?定语从句 HerfamilywasJewishsonearlytwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered. abouteverythingtodowithnature.不定式作后置定语
高中英语必修一 Unit 1 △survey /'s??ve?/n. 调查；测验add up 合计 upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt. (upset, upset) 使不安；使心烦ignore [iɡ?n?:]vt. 不理睬；忽视 calm [kɑ:m]vt. & vi. （使）平静；（使）镇定 adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的 calm(…)down （使）平静下来；（使）镇定下来 have got to 不得不；必须 concern [k?n?s?:n] vt. （使）担忧；涉及；关系到; n. 担心；关注；（利害）关系 be concerned about 关心；挂念 walk the dog 遛狗 loose [lu:s] adj. 松的；松开的 △vet n. 兽医 go through 经历；经受 △Amsterdam n. 阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都） Netherlands n. 荷兰（西欧国家） △Jewish [?d?u:??] 犹太人的；犹太族的 German [?d??:m?n] adj. 德国的；德国人的；德语的; n．德国人；德语 △Nazi n. 纳粹党人adj. 纳粹党的 set down 记下；放下；登记 series [?si?ri:z] n. 连续；系列 a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套 △Kitty n. 基蒂（女名） outdoors [?autd?:z] adv. 在户外；在野外 △ spellbind [?spel?ba?nd] vt. (spellbound, spellbound) 迷住；迷惑 on purpos e [?p?:p?s]故意 in order to 为了…… dusk [d?sk] n. 黄昏；傍晚 at dusk 在黄昏时刻 thunder [?θ?nd?] vi. 打雷；雷鸣n．雷；雷声 entire [in?tai?] adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的 entirely adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地 power [?pau?] n. 能力；力量；权力 face to face 面对面地 curtain [?k?:tn] n. 窗帘；门帘；幕布 dusty [?d?sti:] adj. 积满灰尘的 no longer/not…any longer 不再…… partner [?pɑ:tn?] n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人 settle [?setl]vi. 安家；定居；停留vt. 使定居；安排；解决 suffer [ ?s?f?] vt. & vi. 遭受；忍受；经历 suffer from 遭受；患病
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受 get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上 9. join in 参加（某个活动）； take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受 12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心 14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽 15. be good at/do well in 擅长于… 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是… 17. no longer / not …any longer 不再… 18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.） much too 太…(后接adj.) 19. not…until 直到…才 20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。
人教版高中英语必修三单词表Unit 1 take place 发生 beauty /'bju:ti/ n.美；美人 harvest /'hɑ:vist/ n. & vt. & vi.收获；收割 celebration /seli'brei?n/ n.庆祝；祝贺 hunter /'h?nt?/ n.狩猎者；猎人 starve /stɑ:v/ vi. & vt.（使）饿死；饿得要死 origin /'?rid?in/ n.起源；由来；起因 religious /ri'lid??s/ adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的 △seasonal /'si:z?nl/ adj.季节的；季节性的 ancestor /'?nsest?/ n.祖先；祖宗 △Obon /?'b?n/ n. (日本)盂兰盆节 △grave /ɡreiv/ n.坟墓；墓地 △incense /'insens/ n.熏香；熏香的烟 in memory of 纪念；追念 Mexico /'meksik?u/ n. 墨西哥(拉丁美洲国家) feast /fi:st/ n.节日；盛宴 △skull /sk?l/ n.头脑；头骨 bone /b?un/ n.骨；骨头 △Halloween /h?l?u'i:n/ n.万圣节前夕；诸圣日前夕 belief /bi'li:f/ n.信任；信心；信仰 dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰 trick /trik/ n.诡计；恶作剧；窍门vt.欺骗；诈骗 play a trick on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑 poet /'p?uit/ n.诗人 △Columbus Day哥伦布日 arrival /?'raivl/ n.到来；到达；到达者 △Christopher Columbus /'krist?f?k?'1?mb?s/ 克利斯托弗·哥伦布(意大利航海家) gain /ɡein/ vt.获得；得到 independence /indi'pend?ns/n.独立；自主 independent /indi'pend?nt/ adj.独立的；自主的 gather /'ɡ?e?/ vt. & vi. & n.搜集；集合；聚集 agriculture /'?ɡrik?lt??/n.农业；农艺；农学 agricultural /?ɡri'k?lt??r?l/ adj.农业的；农艺的 award /?'w?:d/ n.奖；奖品vt.授予；判定 △produce /'pr?dju:s/ n.产品；（尤指）农产品 rooster /'ru:st?/ n.雄禽；公鸡 admire /?d'mai?/ vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕 energetic /en?'d?etik/ adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的 look forward to 期望；期待；盼望 △carnival /'ka:nivl/n. 狂欢节；(四句斋前的) 饮宴狂欢；嘉年华(会) △lunar /'lu:n?/ adj.月的；月亮的；阴历的 Easter /'i:st?/n. (耶稣)复活节 △parade /p?'reid/ n.游行；阅兵；检阅 day and night 日夜；昼夜；整天
高中英语人教版必修一知识点总结 Unit 1 Friendship Unit 2 English around the world Unit 3 Tracel journal Unit 4 Earthquakes Unit 5 Nelson Mandela - a modern hero 第一单元 1）add vt/vi加；添加；增添 add up合计加起来，但在口语中有时用于否定句，表示“莫名其妙，不说明问题”。add up to 总计共达，所有一切都说明，总而言之。 add sth（to sth）把……加到……里去。 add to 增加，扩建。 add 表示“继续说，补充说”。 区别add和increase add意思是“加，增加”，强调添加。或者表示将数字加起来求和。 increase“增加”，表示在数量，产量，尺寸，程度等方面的增加。 2）cheat v 欺骗；作弊n 骗子；作弊者；骗人的事 cheat sb of sth cheat sth out of sb 从某人处欺诈某物 cheat on/at/in 作弊，欺诈 3)list v 将事物列于表上；编事物的目录n 名单；目录；一览表 make a list of 造表，列……表 take…off the list 从表上去掉…… stand first on the list 居首位，列前茅 as listed above 如上所列 3）share share in 分享，分担，共用 share sth with sb 和某人共用/共享某事物 share out 分配，分发；得到股息，升股息 share（n.）in/of 一分，部分 4）trust vi/vt 信任，信赖；依赖 trust in 相信，信任，信仰 trust to 依靠（运气等），依赖 trust that… 希望，想 5）suffer vt/vi 遭受，受到，蒙受；受痛苦，受折磨，受惩罚，受损伤 suffer from 受……伤害；患……病痛 注意：suffer 和suffer from 都不能用于被动语态 6）calm vt/vi/adj. 使平静；使镇定。平静的，镇静的，沉着的。 calm down 平静下来，镇定下来 quite指人对外界事物感触的安静。对人时，侧重不激动，平静温和，不发表意见。still指完全没有声音或者没有动静，突然静止不动。 silent主要指人不爱说话，沉默不语。 7）concern
人教版高一英语必修1单词表 Unit 1 1.survey 调查；测验 2.add up 合计 3.upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的 4.ignore不理睬；忽视 5.calm vt.&vi.（使）平静；（使）镇定adj.平静的；镇定的；沉着的calm...down（使）平静下来 6.have got to 不得不；必须 7.concern（使）担心；涉及；关系到n. 担心；关注；（利害）关系 8.be concerned about 关心；挂念 9.walk the dog 溜狗 10.loose adj 松的；松开的 11.vet 兽医 12.go through 经历；经受 13.Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都） https://www.doczj.com/doc/cd2767365.html,herlands 荷兰（西欧国家） 15.Jewish 犹太人的；犹太族的 16.German 德国的；德国人的；德语的。 17.Nazi 纳粹党人adj. 纳粹党的 18.set down 记下；放下；登记 19.series 连续，系列 a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套 20.outdoors在户外；在野外 21.spellbind 迷住；疑惑 22.on purpose 故意 23.in order to 为了 24.dusk 黄昏傍晚at dusk 在黄昏时刻 25.thunder vi 打雷雷鸣n. 雷，雷声 26.entire adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的 27.entirely adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地 28.power能力；力量；权力。 29.face to face 面对面地 30.curtain 窗帘；门帘；幕布 31.dusty adj 积满灰尘的 32.no longer /not …any longer 不再 33.partner 伙伴．合作者．合伙人 34.settle 安家；定居；停留vt 使定居；安排；解决 35.suffer vt &遭受；忍受经历suffer from 遭受；患病 36.loneliness 孤单寂寞 37.highway公路 38.recover痊愈；恢复 39.get/be tired of 对…厌烦 40.pack捆扎；包装打行李n 小包；包裹pack （sth ）up 将（东西）装箱打包
高一英语必修一、二【北师大版】语法汇总 定语从句 1. 定语从句的结构及理解 2. 定语从句的关系词的使用 3. 定语从句的简化表达 知识总结归纳 （一）定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why）。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。 结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。 1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her. 2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. 3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme. 4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia. 5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie. 6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story. （二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句： 限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。 非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。 1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep. 3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying. 4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud. （三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom. 1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company. 2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.
Module 1 My First Day at Senior High 1 How’s it going? = How is everything recently? 2 cover：包含，包括●be covered with 被……覆盖 3 at the end of …在……结束的时候Eg : Class 5 is at the end of the corridor. ●in the end = at last 最后，终于（一般时态）Eg: I am sure I will win in the end. ●by the end of …到……为止(后用完成时态) Eg :①By the end of this term, we will have learnt two English books. ②By the end of last year, we had finished our task. ●end up with 以……告终 4 receive 客观上收到; accept 主观上收到Eg :I received his invitation but did not accept it. 5 divide：划分，把整体分为若干部分Eg :The world is divide into five continents. ※比较separate：分隔，把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来 6 表参加活动的短语： take part in + 活动join the party join in the game attend + the meeting 7. The teachers are very enthusiastic and friendly and the classrooms are amazing. 表示“吃惊”的几个单词： ◆surprise指“由于出乎意料而感到惊异或诧异”。Eg: His coming surprised me. ◆astonish指“由于出乎意料而又不能理解而感到吃惊”，语意较强。 Eg: I was astonished to see he got up so early. ◆amaze指“由于认为似乎不可能或极少可能发生的事的出现而感到大为诧异、迷惑不解”， 语意较强。Eg :I was amazed at his confidence. 8. Every room has a computer with a special screen, almost as big as a cinema screen. as … as…表示“和……一样……”。Eg: My book is as interesting as yours. 9. The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Mr. Shen. called Ms Shen在此作定语。 10. We’re using a new textbook and Ms Shen’s method of teaching is nothing like that of the teachers at my Junior High school. (1) 表示“方法、办法”的几个单词： ◆method作可数名词，指（系统的、逻辑的）方法、办法。后面常接of + 动名词，不接不定 式）；作不可数名词，指秩序，条理，规律。 Eg :①He is a man of having accurate and strict methods. ②We must get some method into our office filling. ◆way为可数名词，后接不定式或of + 动名词。 Eg :①We must find a way to solve this kind of problem. ②The normal way of carrying out such a kind plan is very difficult. ◆means单复数形式相同，其前有a, one, this, that, every等有时表单数意义，其前有such, these, those, all等有时表复数意义，其多指抽象或概括性的含义，后可接不定式，也可接of + 动名词/名词。Eg: There is no means of finding out what happened. (2) nothing like + n./pron. ◆完全不像，一点也不像Eg :She’s nothing like her mother. ◆没有什么能赶得上Eg :There’s nothing like a holiday to make one feel rested. 11. I don’t think I will be bored in Ms Shen’s class! Think表示意见和看法，其后的宾语从句中的否定词not被移到主句中，该现象被称为“否定转移”。类似的动词还有：expect, believe, suppose, imagine等。 Eg :①I don’t suppose that she will be back until night.
Teaching Plan Unit1 Friendship 教材人教版高中英语必修一 试讲者李瑶单位新疆师范大学 适用年级高中一年级单元第一单元 课题Anne’s Best Friend 课时共五课时，第二课时 （ Reading） 一．教材分析 Analysis of the Teaching Materials This unit is the first unit of the senior English studying which talks about friendship.As for the students, at the beginning of senior school life, making new friends is one of important things for them now,so the topic of this unit is appropriate at the present time. It can easily stimulate students’interests in English learning and help students think how to choose friends and the meaning of the friendship. The reading passage is the center of the unit. It mainly talks about the Anna , a Jewish girl , during the world war II, regarded the diary as her best friend to express her happiness, sorrow and missing to her hometown. 二．学情分析 Analysis of the Students As the students, grade1of senior high school,they have the basic abilities of listening,speaking,reading and writing,but they still need more chances to practice what they have learnt and improve their ability of communicating with others and expressing their ideas fluently and accurately. Meanwhile,it is also necessary to develop their autonomous learning ability and cooperative learning ability, as well cultivate the awareness of cultural differences. 三. 教学目标 Teaching Aims 1.Knowledge Objectives 1.Get students to know the main content of this article. 2.Learn about the formats of a diary. 2.Ability Objectives 1.Develop their reading ability and learn to use some reading strategies such as guessing, key sentences, skimming and so on. 2.Summarize different paragraphs. 3.Emotion Objectives
人教版高一英语必修一语法归纳 以下是小编整理的高一必修一英语人教版语法归纳希望可以帮助大家，把语法进行归纳。 Unit 1 1. 词组: add up 合计 add up to 总计达 add… to…把。。加到。。。里 add to 增加增添扩建 2. calm… down 平静下来 3. have got to 不得不，必须 4. be concerned about / for 关心 5. walk the dog 遛狗 cheat … of 欺骗。。 6. go through 穿过完成用完通过仔细检查 go ahead 同意某人的请求go by 流逝 7. set down 记下 set up 建立 set off 出发引爆 set out to do=set about doing 着手做某事 8. a series of 一系列 9. on purpose 故意地 by accident= chance 偶然地 10. in order to= so as to 为了目的是in order that = so that 11. at dusk 在黄昏 at dawn 在黎明 at midnight 在午夜 at noon 在中午 12. face to face 面对面 13. no longer= not … any longer 不再 14. settle down 安顿下来 suffer from 遭受,患病 15. recover from 恢复 ,痊愈 16. get/ be tired of 对…感到厌烦 17. make a list of 列清单 18. pack… up 装箱打包 19. get along/ on with与…相处,/ 进展 20. fall in love 爱上
新人教版高中英语课文译文 必修三 第一单元世界各地的节日 Reading 节日和庆典 自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。最古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束、春季的种植和秋天的收割。有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。 亡灵节 有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。他们还点起灯笼，奏响乐曲，因为他们认为这样做可以把祖先引回到世上。在墨西哥，亡灵节是在11月初。在这个重要的节庆日子里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。他们向亡者祭献食物、鲜花和礼品。西方节日万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。如果邻居什么糖也不给，那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。 纪念名人的节日 也有纪念名人的节日。中国的端午节（龙舟节）是纪念古代著名诗人屈
原的。美国的哥伦布日是纪念克里斯托弗.哥伦布发现“新大陆”的日子。印度 在10月2日有个全国性节日，纪念莫汉达斯.甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国 而独立的领袖。 庆丰收的节日 收获与感恩节是十分喜庆的节日。越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。在欧洲国家，人们通常用花果来装饰教堂和市政厅，在一 起聚餐。有些人还可能因为他们的农产品（参加各种评选）而获奖，比如最 大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。中国和日本都有中秋节，这时人们会赏月。在中国，人们还品尝月饼。 春天的节日 最富生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。中国人 过春节要吃饺子、鱼和肉，还要给孩子们送红纸包着的压岁钱。（他们）舞 龙灯、狂欢，全家人聚在一起欢庆阴历年。在一些西方国家有激动人心的狂 欢节，通常在二月，复活节前的四十天。狂欢节期间，人们穿着各种艳丽的 节日盛装，伴随着鼓噪的音乐，在街头游行，昼夜跳舞。复活节是全世界基 督徒的一个重要的宗教和公众节日。它庆祝耶稣复活，也欢庆春天和新生命 的到来。再晚些时候，日本就迎来了樱花节，（节日里）整个国度到处是盛 开的樱花。看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。 人们喜欢聚在一起吃、喝、玩耍。节日让我们享受生活，让我们为自己的习俗而自豪，还可以暂时忘掉工作中的烦恼。 Using Language 一段伤心的爱情故事 李方的心都碎了。这天是情人节，胡瑾说她下班后会在咖啡馆和他见面
Unit1 Friendship重点词语、句子 be good to 对….友好 add up 合计 another time 改时间 get sth done 使…被做 calm down 镇定下来 have got to 不得不 be concerned about 关心；挂念 walk the dog 遛狗 make a list of 列出 share sth with sb 和某人分享某物 go through 经历；仔细检查 hide away 躲藏；隐藏 set down 放下；记下 a series of 一系列；一套 be crazy about 对…着迷 on purpose 故意 in order to/ so as to 为了 face to face 面对面地 according to 按照；根据…所说 get along with 与…相处 pack up 收拾，打理行装 have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见；做…有困难 fall in love 相爱 throw away the friendship 放弃/终止友谊 try out 试验；试用 join in 参加（活动） communicate with sb 和…交际 far and wide 到处 look to sth 注意，留心某事 cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的习惯 be ignorant of 无知的 1. I wonder if…我想知道是否…. 2. It’s because…这是因为…. 此从句中because不能用since或as 代替 3. What do you think a good friend should be like? 你认为一个好朋友应该是什么样的呢？ 4. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. =While you were walking the dog, …在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。 （当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。） 5. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to,like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗？ 6. I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我已经很久不能去户外，所以我变得对自然界的所有东西都很感兴趣。 7. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。 8. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。 9. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 如果您给我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。（I would be grateful if…委婉客气提出请求） 10. It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary. 记日记对你来说是个好习惯。