2011考研英语真题和答案Section I Use of English
Directions：
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank an mark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exercise precious to health.”But__1___some claims to the contrary，laughing probably ha little influence on physical fitness Laughter does__2___short-term changes in th function of the heart and its blood vessels，___3_heart rate and oxygen consumptio But because hard laughter is difficult to__4__，a good laugh is unlikely to hav __5___benefits the way，say，walking or jogging does.
__6__，instead of straining muscles to build them，as exercise does，laughte apparently accomplishes the__7__，studies dating back to the1930's indicate tha laughter__8___muscles，decreasing muscle tone for up to45minutes after the laug dies down.
Such bodily reaction might conceivably help_9__the effects of psychologica stress.Anyway，the act of laughing probably does produce other types of___10__ feedback，that improve an individual's emotional state.__11____one classical theory of emotion，our feelings are partially rooted____12___physical reactions It was argued at the end of the19th century that humans do not cry___13___the are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
Although sadness also____14___tears，evidence suggests that emotions can flo __15___muscular responses.In an experiment published in1988，social psychologis Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to__16__ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile-or with thei lips，which would produce a(n)__17___expression.Those forced to exercise thei enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose months were contracted i
1．[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like
2．[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce 3．[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining 4．[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe 5．[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable 6．[A]In turn[B]In fact[C]In addition[D]In brief 7．[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected 8．[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes 9．[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance 10．[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal 11．[A]Except for[B]According to[C]Due to[D]As for 12．[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at
13．[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because 14．[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses 15．[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond 16．[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold
17．[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent
20．[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosin [A]，[B]，[C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40points)
Text1
The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next musi director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in2009.For the most part，the response has bee favorable，to say the least.“Hooray！At last！”wrote Anthony Thomasine，sober-sided classical-music critic.
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise，however，i that Gilbert is comparatively little known.Even Thomasine，who had advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times，calls him“an unpretentious musician with n air of the formidable conductor about him.”As a description of the next musi director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahle and Pierre Boulez，that seems likely to have struck at least some Times reader as faint praise.
For my part，I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a goo one.To be sure，he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall，or anywhere else，t hear interesting orchestral music.All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf，o boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.
art-loving public，classical instrumentalists must compete not only with oper houses，dance troupes，theater companies，and museums，but also with the recorde performances of the great classical musicians of the20th century.There recording are cheap，available everywhere，and very often much higher in artistic qualit than today's live performances；moreover，they can be“consumed”at a time an place of the listener's choosing.The widespread availability of such recording has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classica concert.
One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive ne music that is not yet available on record.Gilbert's own interest in new music ha been widely noted：Alex Ross，a classical-music critic，has described him as man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into“a markedly different，mor vibrant organization.”But what will be the nature of that difference？Merel expanding the orchestra's repertoire will not be enough.If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed，they must first change the relationship between America's oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.
21.We learn from Para.1that Gilbert's appointment has
[A]incurred criticism.
[B]raised suspicion.
[C]received acclaim.
[D]aroused curiosity.
22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is
[A]influential.
[B]modest.
23.The author believes that the devoted concertgoers
[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.
[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.
[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.
[D]overestimate the value of live performances.
24.According to the text，which of the following is true of recordings？
[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.
[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.
[C]They help improve the quality of music.
[D]They have only covered masterpieces.
25.Regarding Gilbert's role in revitalizing the Philharmonic，the author feel
[A]doubtful.
[B]enthusiastic.
[C]confident.
[D]puzzled.
Text2
running a company.”Broadcasting his ambition was“very much my decision，”McGe says.Within two weeks，he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartfor Financial Services Group，which named him CEO and chairman on September29.
McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on wha kind of company he wanted to run.It also sent a clear message to the outside worl about his aspirations.And McGee isn't alone.In recent weeks the No.2executive at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking fo a CEO post.As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure，executives who don't get the nod also may wish to move on.A turbulen business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.
As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold，deputy chiefs may be mor willing to make the jump without a net.In the third quarter，CEO turnover was dow 23%from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had，accordin to Liberum Research.As the economy picks up，opportunities will abound for aspirin leaders.
The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.Says Korn/Ferry senio partner Dennis Carey：“I can't think of a single search I've done where a boar has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”
Those who jumped without a job haven't always landed in top positions quickly Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age，saying she wanted to be CEO.It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange.Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in2005with ambitions to be a CEO.H finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers.The financia crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.“Th traditional rule was it's safer to stay where you are，but that's been fundamentall inverted，”says one headhunter.“The people who've been hurt the worst are thos
26.When McGee announced his departure，his manner can best be described a being
[A]arrogant.
[B]frank.
[C]self-centered.
[D]impulsive.
27.According to Paragraph2，senior executives'quitting may be spurred b
[A]their expectation of better financial status.
[B]their need to reflect on their private life.
[C]their strained relations with the boards.
[D]their pursuit of new career goals.
28.The word“poached”(Line3，Paragraph4)most probably means
[A]approved of.
[B]attended to.
[C]hunted for.
[D]guarded against.
29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.
[D]it's safer to stick to the traditional rules.
30.Which of the following is the best title for the text？
[A]CEOs：Where to Go？
[B]CEOs：All the Way Up？
[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net
[D]The Only Way Out for Top Performers
Text3
The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for No longer.While traditional“paid”media-such as television commercials an print advertisements-still play a major role，companies today can exploit man alternative forms of media.Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned”media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.The way consumers now approach the broad range o factors beyond conventional paid media.
Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products For earned media，such marketers act as the initiator for users'responses.Bu in some cases，one marketer's owned media become another marketer's paid media for instance，when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.We defin such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organization place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.This trend which we believe is still in its infancy，effectively began with retailers and trave providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.Johnson&Johnson for example，has created BabyCenter，a stand-alone media property that promote complementary and even competitive products.Besides generating income，the
The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with mor (and more diverse)communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker，more visible，and muc more damaging ways.Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media：an asse or campaign becomes hostage to consumers，other stakeholders，or activists wh make negative allegations about a brand or product.Members of social networks for instance，are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on th businesses that originally created them.
If that happens，passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycot products，putting the reputation of the target company at risk.In such a case the company's response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful，and the learnin curve has been steep.Toyota Motor，for example，alleviated some of the damag from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and
well-orchestrated social-media response campaign，which included efforts to engag with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg
31.Consumers may create“earned”media when they are
[A]obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.
[B]inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.
[C]eager to help their friends promote quality products.
[D]enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.
32.According to Paragraph2，sold media feature
[A]a safe business environment.
[B]random competition.
[C]strong user traffic.
[A]invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.
[B]can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.
[C]may be responsible for fiercer competition.
[D]deserve all the negative comments about them.
34.Toyota Motor's experience is cited as an example of
[A]responding effectively to hijacked media.
[B]persuading customers into boycotting products.
[C]cooperating with supportive consumers.
[D]taking advantage of hijacked media.
35.Which of the following is the text mainly about？
[A]Alternatives to conventional paid media.
[B]Conflict between hijacked and earned media.
[C]Dominance of hijacked media.
[D]Popularity of owned media.
Text4
It's no surprise that Jennifer Senior's insightful，provocative magazine cove story，“I love My Children，I Hate My Life，”is arousing much chatter-nothin gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less tha
Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard Senior writes that“the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can late be sources of intense gratification and delight.”
The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardl the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.There are also storie about newly adoptive-and newly single-mom Sandra Bullock，as well as the usua “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant”news.Practically every week features at least on celebrity mom，or mom-to-be，smiling on the newsstands.
In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation，is it any wonder tha admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing？It doesn't seem quite fair，then，to compare the regrets o parents to the regrets of the children.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonde if they shouldn't have had kids，but unhappy childless folks are bothered with th message that children are the single most important thing in the world：obviousl their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives
Of course，the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly an People present is hugely unrealistic，especially when the parents are single mother like Bullock.According to several studies concluding that parents are less happ than childless couples，single parents are the least happy of all.No shock there considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on；ye to hear Sandra and Britney tell it，raising a kid on their“own”(read：wit round-the-clock help)is a piece of cake.
It's hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children jus because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous：most adults understand tha a baby is not a haircut.But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see ever week of stress-free，happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small，subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience，in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting“the Rachel”might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.
36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring
[B]enjoyment in progress
[C]happiness in retrospect
[D]lasting reward
37.We learn from Paragraph2that
[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.
[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.
[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.
[D]having children is highly valued by the public.
38.It is suggested in Paragraph3that childless folks
[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.
[B]are largely ignored by the media.
[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.
[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.
39.According to Paragraph4，the message conveyed by celebrity magazines i
[A]soothing.
[B]ambiguous.
[C]compensatory.
[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.
[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.
[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.
[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.
Part B
Directions：
The following paragraph are given in a wrong order.For Questions41-45，yo are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing fro the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs E and G have bee correctly placed.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)
[A]No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm a the humanities.You can，Mr Menand points out，became a lawyer in three years an a medical doctor in four.But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degre in the humanities is nine years.Not surprisingly，up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.
[B]His concern is mainly with the humanities：Literature，languages，philosophy and so on.These are disciplines that are going out of style：22%o American college graduates now major in business compared with only2%in histor and4%in English.However，many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educate person should posses.But most find it difficult to agree on what a“general education”should look like.At Harvard，Mr Menand notes，“the great books ar read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.
[C]Equally unsurprisingly，only about half end up with professorships for whic they entered graduate school.There are simply too few posts.This is partly becaus universities continue to produce ever more PhDs.But fewer students want to stud
end of a decade of theses-writing，many humanities students leave the professio to do something for which they have not been trained.
[D]One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they ca cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate，taught in different schools Many students experience both varieties.Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law，medicine or business，future doctors and lawyer must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professiona qualification.
[E]Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation，top America universities have professionalised the professor.The growth in public money fo academic research has speeded the process：federal research grants rose fourfol between1960and1990，but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took it toll.Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career：as late as1969a third of America professors did not possess one.But the key idea behind professionalisation，argue Mr Menand，is that“the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specializatio are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not jus over the production of knowledge，but also over the production of the producer of knowledge.
[F]The key to reforming higher education，concludes Mr Menand，is to alte the way in which“the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise，academic will continue to think dangerously alike，increasingly detached from the societie which they study，investigate and criticize.“Academic inquiry，at least in som fields，may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how tha happens，Mr Menand dose not say.
[G]The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas：Refor and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinkin of applying to take a doctoral degree.They may then decide to go elsewhere.Fo something curious has been happening in American Universities，and Louis Menand a professor of English at Harvard University，captured it skillfully.
Part C
Directions：
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segment into Chinese.Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET2.(1 points)
With its theme that“Mind is the master weaver，”creating our inner characte and outer circumstances，the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-dept exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.
(46)Allen's contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that becaus we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter，we think that thought can be hidden and made powerless；this allows us to think one way and act another However，Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as th conscious mind，and(47)while we may be able to sustain the illusion of contro through the conscious mind alone，in reality we are continually faced with a question：“Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that？“
Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accor with desire，Allen concluded：“We do not attract what we want，but what w are.”Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement you don't“get”success but become it.There is no gap between mind and matter
\Part of the fame of Allen's book is its contention that“Circumstances do no make a person，they reveal him.”(48)This seems a justification for neglect o those in need，and a rationalization of exploitation，of the superiority of thos at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
This，however，would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument.Each se of circumstances，however bad，offers a unique opportunity for growth.If
then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our
situation.Nevertheless，as any biographer knows，a person's early life and it conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.
The sobering aspect of Allen's book is that we have no one else to blame fo our present condition except ourselves.(50)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us；where before we were experts i the array of limitations，now we become authorities of what is possible.
SectionⅢWriting
Part A
51.Directions:：
Write a letter to a friend of yours to
1)Recommend one of your favorite movies and
2)give reasons for your recommendation
You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use”Li Ming“instead.
Do not write the address.(10point)
52、Directions:
Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay you should
1)Describe the drawing briefly.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)
1-5，ACDBA6-10CADCB11-15BCACA16-20BCADB
21-25DBCAA26-30CCBDB31-35CCBDB36-40CBCCC
41-45BDCAE
翻译：
46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。
47、我们可以单独通过意识维持控制的感觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题，为什么我不能完成这件事情或那件事情。
48、这似乎可能为必要时的忽视正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人的优越感及处于后层人们的劣势感。
49、环境似乎是为了挑选出我们的强者，而且如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。
50、正面在于我们处于这样的位置，知道所有事情都取决与我们自己，之前我们对着一系列的限制，而现在我们成了权威。
小作文范文：
Dear friends:
Recently a lot of new movies,you concern?
I recently saw a movie is especially suitable for you.Its name is"If You Are The One".First all it has very powerful cast.Storyline is very tight.Characters'language is class and thought-provoking.But,I most like it because it's morals.Dear friends,do you to lov the understanding of what?Love is romantic,is costly,is simple,or plain?I think this movie can be reflected.Perhaps now we still can't clear love,but love is alread brimming with our lives,is a part of life.I want to watch the movie,we can understand a lo Dear friends,do you also see this movie,remember to write and tell me how you feel.Mi you!
大作文范文：
Our surroundings are being polluted fast and man's present efforts can not prevent it.Time bringing us more people,and more people will bring us more industry,more cars,larger cities an the growing use of man-made materials.
What can explain and solve this problem?The fact is that pollution is caused by man--by h desire for a modern way of life.We make"increasing industrialization"our chief aim.So we a often ready to offer everything:clean air,pure water,good food,our health and the future of o children.There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities,eager for t benefits of our modern society.But as our technological achievements have grown in the la twenty years,pollution has become a serious problem.
Isn't it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going--and why?It makes one think of t story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loudspeaker,"I've some good new and some bad news.The good news is that we're making rapid progress at530miles per hour.Th
education.Second,much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy in practice,because more people means more people means more pollution.Finally,those wh destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished.We should let them know th destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves
51范文
Dear my friend,
I’m writing to you to recommend one of my favorite movies'Avatar'.
The movie is directed by James Cameron,who is famous with product Titanic The story is about immigration to planet Pandora,and what happened with loca NA'VI.The film is such a wonder that I thought it is well worth watching in one whole life.'Avatar'is not just a film about the love story between a'human'an
Yours sincerely
Li Min
2011年考研英语二小作文真题： suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admited to a university write him/her a letter to: (1)Congratulate him/her,and (2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life you should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. DO not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use "zhangwe 2011年考研英语二小作文范文： Dear friend, I am writing to congratulate you on your being successfully admitted to Harvard University, which enjoys an international reputation for its academic excellence and give you some suggestions as to how to make preparation for the coming college life. In order for you to adapt yourself to the university life, you are advised to get prepared physically and intellectually. First and foremost, you need to build a strong body for the future academic pursuit, so you can take some exercises during the breaks. Secondly, since the study in university is more demanding than in your secondary school, you are highly suggested to find some introductory books from the library so as to have a good idea of the specialty you are going to take in your college life. Given your sound ability, you are sure to have a successful college life. Congratulate you again and wish you a fruitful college life. Sincerely yours, Zhang Wei
2011年考研英语(二)考试真题及参考答案完型填空试题： "The Internet affords anonymity to its users—a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has1across the Web. Can privacy be preserved2bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly3? Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nation’s cyberczar,offered the Obama government a 4to make the Web a safer place—a“voluntary identify”system that would be the high-tech 5of a physical key,fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled6one.The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential7to a specific computer,and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to8a federation of private online identify https://www.doczj.com/doc/cd15622634.html,ers could9which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license10by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to11just once but use many different services. 12,the approach would create a“walled garden”in safe“neighborhoods”and bright “streetlights”to establish a sense of community. Mr.Schmidt described it as a“voluntary ecosystem”in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with14,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs15.'" Still,the administration’s plan has16privacy rights activists.Some applaud the approach;others are concerned.It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would17be a license”mentality.
2011年考研英语(二)真题及参考答案 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The Internet affords anonymity to its users，a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ？ Last month，Howard Schmidt，the nation's cyber-czar，offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key，a fingerprint and a photo ID card，all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card，or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join，and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license 10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these"single sign-on" systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12 .the approach would create a "walled garden" n cyberspace，with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a 13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs". Still，the administration's plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach；others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet "drive's license" mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts，who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves，in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden 2． A.for B.within C.while D.though
2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) 1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like 2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce 3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining 4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe 5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable 6.[A]In turn[B]In fact[C]In addition[D]In brief 7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected 8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes 9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance 10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal
11.[A]Except for[B]According to[C]Due to[D]As for 12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at 13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because 14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses 15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond 16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold 17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent 18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted 19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing 20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points) Text1 The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in2009.For the most part,the response has been favorable,to say the least.“Hooray!At last!”wrote Anthony Tommasini,a sober-sided classical-music critic. One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise,however,is that Gilbert is comparatively little known.Even Tommasini,who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times,calls him“an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez,that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise. For my part,I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one.To be sure,he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions,but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall,or anywhere else,to hear interesting orchestral music.All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf,or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.For the time,attention,and money of the art-loving public,classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses,dance troupes,theater companies,and museums,but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the20th century.These recordings are cheap,available everywhere,and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances;moreover,they can be“consumed”at a time and place of the listener’s choosing.The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.
2011年研究生入学考试英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) "The Internet affords anonymity to its users —a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ? Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a 4 to make the Web a safer place — a “voluntary identify” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on” systems that
2011考寻兵溢直至 Section 1 Use ofEngish Directions： Re ad the folownng text Choose rhe best word，' $) fa eadi numbered blank tmrk :A]. [B] |C] cr [D] on ANSAXTR SHEET1. ClOpows：- Anaent Greek philos)pher AnsoCe \iewtd iautfter asPbaEy exercise pr^acus to heath But _1 sane clasns ? caitrans laugta^ probatty tas lite influence on physical ￡ue$s Laugher does _2 _____ shcrbiermcha^e $ in the funcxn M tte heart and its blood wssels. ___________ 3_ Iran rate andoxv^cn consunpticn But because hard laugher is difficilt to __4_, a good lavgh widely to have _5 __________________ benefits aie way, say, walicng orjegging (Joes. _6_. inwdef ttrahinc nvseks to build them, itexerate doe& la空fg ipparenCy ac^crrptehes the _ 7_?smdie? daring ba de to rhe lQ3O s ndirate that laughrer_ 8__ nusdes. 湖tdre fa to 45 nimHM after the faugh dewn Sudi txxhls leaaioiinii^ii conceivabh trip _9_ (he effects of psvetofogieal stress. Anyway, the aciofUi^lw^ proVatb (ixspioiuce vdri upesof _______________ 10 __ feedback? ihaiiinpovr an ndiudual* s eniQUoxial star. _ 11 _____ oar classical ilx ocj of emo son , wi fetkigs aic pai nil) iwtcd 12 P A，LQ U K，C B LS II irgued aithc cad of de 19th ccatun ihit Iwuaa: w not ay 13 axe sadtwehey become sadwUndr teaxsVegu IQ flow. Although sadne^ iko ______ 14 __ tern. e\ 诙ire ag^ste tbit emoboas canfow_15_ mut^utar re^otiws In anexp^rirwit puHhhed in 19S8, toral pn^tologisr Fritr Strack rfAe Unwrsity of w^irzburg m Gemiany asked vo：wteers to _16 __________________ a prn either wth their teeti thMeH cr^anng an am final 5fnle 一or Mth their 邱s? which would produce a 2011年考研英语（一）真题完整版 Section I Use of English Directions ： Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark [A] ，[B] ，[C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points ） Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bo dily exercise precious to health. ” But __1___some claims to the contrary ，laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels ，___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__，a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way ， say ，walking or jogging does. __6__，instead of straining muscles to build them，as exercise does，laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__，studies dating back to the 1930‘s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles ，decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway，the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback ，that improve an individual ‘s emotional state. __11 ____ one classical theory of emotion ，our feelings are partially rooted ____________ 12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also _____ 14___ tears ，evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988，social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of w u rzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16 __ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile —or with their lips ，which would produce a（n）__17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown ，19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ ，the physical act of laughter could improve mood. 1. [A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like 2. [A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce 2011：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered black and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points） The Internet affords anonymity to its users， a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ？ Last month，Howard Schmidt，the nation‘s cyber-czar，offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key，a fingerprint and a photo ID card，all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card，or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join，and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver‘s license 10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace，with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “indivi duals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”。 Still，the administration‘s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach；others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license” mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts，who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves，in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1. A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden 2. A.for B.within C.while D.though 3. A.careless https://www.doczj.com/doc/cd15622634.html,wless C.pointless D.helpless 4. A.reason B.reminder https://www.doczj.com/doc/cd15622634.html,promise D.proposal 5. https://www.doczj.com/doc/cd15622634.html,rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent 6. A.by B.into C.from D.over 7. A.linked B.directed C.chained https://www.doczj.com/doc/cd15622634.html,pared 8. A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve 9. A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize 10. A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered 11. A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in 12. A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast 13. A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving https://www.doczj.com/doc/cd15622634.html,peting 14. A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience 15. A.on B.after C.beyond D.across 16. A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united 17. A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually 18. A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm 19. A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible 20. A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forced Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Text 1 Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs‘s board as an outside director in January 2000：a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was 2011年考研英语(一)真题完整版 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark [A]， [B]， [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points） Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bo dily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary， laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels， ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__， a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way， say， walking or jogging does. __6__， instead of straining muscles to build them， as exercise does， laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__，studies dating back to the 1930‘s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles， decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway， the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback，that improve an individual‘s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion， our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also ____14___ tears， evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988，social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile –or with their lips， which would produce a（n） __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown， ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ ， the physical act of laughter could improve mood. 1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like 2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce 3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining2011年考研英语(一)真题完整版
2011年考研英语二真题汇总+阅读中文翻译
2011年考研英语(一)真题完整版
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