2018高考英语二轮复习专题二---七选五教案

2018届高考英语专项复习教案—七选五
主备人：郭金芳
考纲解读
补全短文题要求根据短文内容和文章结构,从短文后所给的七个顺序错乱的选项中选出五个句子作为最佳选项,填入文中的设空处,以重新恢复文章的全貌。

考生如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章,必须对文章的结构有所了解,把握住全篇的文脉,即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。

根据《考试说明》,结合近年来的高考阅卷实践,可以发现该题型大致通过“主旨概括句(涉及文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(涉及文章结构)、注释性句子(涉及上下文逻辑意义)”等三个类型的备选项来考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握能力。

多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三个方面进行设置,例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构,注释性句子与上下文逻辑脱节等。

高考大纲要求
阅读七选五主要考察学生的英语逻辑思维能力，也就是对上下文之间，层次之间逻辑关系的判断能力。

试题模式：给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。

考查重点：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。

选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）
过渡性句子（文章结构）
注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）
选项分析：
五个空格的位置
1．如果空格出现在段首，大部分时候是关于这一段的大意。

这时要通读整段再选择能够体现整段意思的句子。

2．如果空格出现在段中，这时要根据空格前后的句子意思、备选选项的句子意思以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定答案。

3. 如果空格出现在段尾，通常是指事情的结尾或者是总结句。

五个位置的特点
1. 理解文章的基本结构：如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系（比传统的阅读理解更精细）。

2. 注重考查考生的逻辑思维能力。

该新题型不但要求学生具备词汇、句子、语段、语篇等方面的知识和能力，而且要有辩证、综合、分析、归纳方面的逻辑思维能力，是深层次的阅读理解，也是阅读的核心和关键。

3. 考查考生阅读理解能力更加全面、真实和公平。

阅读理解能力一般包括
知识面、逻辑分析、思维反映、词汇量和概括能力等。

而七选五在此基础上同时
考查学生对全文整体理解和对信息辨析的能力。

因此有利于培养逻辑思维和概括归纳等高层次的阅读能力。

一、复习目标：
本课先从高考新题型“阅读填空题”的基本特征入手，从而深入挖掘阅读填空新题型的解题技巧，再过渡到解题三步曲，这样有利于帮助学生形成知识条块，提高新题型的解题技巧和解题能力，提高学生的实际应试能力，促进学生思维能力的发展。

二、复习重难点：
渗透“七选五”解题技巧及考查上下文的语境理解。

三、复习方法：讲练结合
四、解题步骤：
（1）通读全文。

运用浏览方法找出主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。

注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。

（2）详读段落。

找出每段写作内容的关键词。

明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。

（3）定位选项。

明确各选项含义，抓住关键词，根据文章整体结构与具体内容将选项填入，尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。

将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。

能否承接前后的写作线索。

使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。

（4）通读复检。

将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。

再次通读全文，检查内容是否完整、连贯，格式、用语是否恰当，从而判断答案是否正确。

同时，还应注意对干扰项的对比分析，排除干扰。

特别注意，除非有充分的理由否定之前的选择，否则不要仓促更改，第一印象往往可信度很高。

五、解题策略及技巧：
1、词汇衔接：
·代词·同义词/近义词·同一范畴词·特殊疑问词·反映句子关系的关联词：转折：but, however, although, otherwise, yet ,nevertheless, on the contrary 并列：first, second, third…;firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…; some …other…
层递：also, too, either, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what’s more, not only…but also…
承接：so, therefore, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result
2、逻辑衔接：
无明显关联词情况下的:·解释关系·例证关系·因果关系·顺逆关系
3、位置衔接：
●Suggest a private meeting.
A one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers.______
A. Some ideas can be quite concrete (详细的).
B. There were many difficult questions.
C. It can also be more effective in exchanging ideas.
D. Here are some ideas that can help you prepare for your next meeting.
2、同义/近义词：
①You are one of the most familiar faces in class, not because you are funny or have
great
note-taking abilities but because you ask the most number of questions._____It’s important to ask the right questions, though.
②Write down your questions.
_______ They may appear when you’re study ing, reading or taking notes. Note them down on a piece of paper so that you won’t forget to ask them later.
A.Do not ask more questions.
B.Questions may crop up(出现) at any time.
C.Being curious is not a bad quality.
D.You may think this is good.
E.Ask questions relevant to context.
3、同一范畴词：
_____Hard, straight-backed chairs may keep you awake but distract you with their discomfort. On the other hand, lying on a sofa or bed will encourage daydreaming, or even lead you to fall asleep.
fortable rooms should be avoided.
B.Truly, finding a place to study is a matter of personal taste.
C.Find a seat in a comfortable place.
D.Find furniture that encourages you to sit up straight and is also comfortable.
4、特殊疑问词：
Why is setting goals important? _____Instead of just leading life happen to you. Goals allow you to make your life happen.
A.Winners in life set goals and follow through on them.
B.Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything you want in
life.
C.By setting goals you are taking control of your life.
D.Because everybody should have a goal in his mind.
5、反映句子关系的关联词：
① Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way.______
A．What makes one person happy may be very different from what makes someone else happy.
B．On the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be infectious.
C．Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy.
②The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club. What are you interest in? Pets, pop music or dancing groups, sports? The list is endless. Next you need some friends to be in your club with you. That’s easy. All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same thing as you. _____You should all sit down somewhere together with lots of pieces of paper and write down every name you can think up.
A.Invite a designer to join you.
B.Then you need to pick a name for your club.
e a bright thick pen to make a special design.
二、逻辑衔接：
1、解释：
There’s a proverb w hich says, “Time flies never to be recalled.”This is true. ______The unpunctual （不守时的）man is for ever wasting his most valuable possessions as well as others’ . The unpunctual person is always complaining that he finds no time to answer letters, or return calls or keep appointments.
A.They appear to be busy but never get well paid.
B. A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained.
C. A man who is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by others.
D. Failure to be punctual in keeping one’s appointment is a sign of disrespect to
others.
2、例证：
…Still others believe that the in person, door-to-door way is the best way to get a job; and then there are those who, through no active decision of their own, just seem to be in the right place at the right time.______. He used to spend a lot of his free time by the sea watching the tall ships, but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them.
A．This story also illustrates（说明）the importance of seizing an opportunity when it presents.
B．People find jobs in an infinite（无限的）number of ways.
C．Take for example the young man who wanted to be a sailor.
三、位置衔接：
1、段首：
______. If a person is invited to dinner and arrives later than the appointed time, he keeps all the other guests waiting for him. Usually this will be regarded as rude both to the host and the other guests.
A. They appear to be busy but never get well paid.
B. Maybe nobody minds being kept waiting at a dinner party.
C. But the man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time.
D. A man who is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by others.
E Failure to be punctual in keeping one’s appointment is a sign of disrespect to
others.
2、段尾：
①Unpunctuality, moreover, is very harmful when it comes to one’s duty. Imagine how it would be if those who are put in charge of important tasks failed to be at their proper place at the appointed（约定的）time.____
A. They appear to be busy but never get well paid.
B. Maybe nobody minds being kept waiting at a dinner party.
C. But the man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time.
D. A man who is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by others.
E. Failure to be punctual in keeping one’s appointment i s a sign of disrespect to
others.
②Camping is an American tradition, and especially important for families.________
1、…
2、…
3、…
4、…
A.Camping trips are inexpensive compared to regular vacation.
B.They can do lots of enjoyable and worthwhile activities.
C.Here are four important reasons.
D.Activities should be colorful.
【难点探究】
根据出题形式的不同,填空类题型可以分为句子填空题,段落摘要,带选项的段落摘要等题型。

.传统的分题型讲解的方法倾向于把这些题型拆开,这些题型的出题思路大同小异,一旦掌握了这些题目的共性,做题就会变得易如反掌。

1．考查内容均为细节
每一道填空题的题目基本上都是对原文的一句话或者几句话进行的同义改写,不会出现对多句话或者是整段进行的概括归纳.
2．所填答案基本唯一
虽然这种考试需要考生自己书写答案,但是所有答案均来自于原文,不需要考生用自己的语言对原词进行改写.极个别情况下会出现词序颠倒,但是基本上不需要考生进行词性.时态.单复数等曲折形式的转换.这是由阅读的目的所决定的,只考查考生的阅读能力,而无意检验考生的写作能力.
3．凸显构成语段的方式
一是靠句际间意义的结合,二是靠句际间的关联词,逻辑性插入语来连接,我们在分析语段层次时,可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断,但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系,把握作者的思路,从语序上去发现断续点,理清层次,好文章的层次非矴逦?只有层层入手,才能真正理解文章.
温馨提示：解题技巧（理解第一位）
1. 通过文章的标题、副标题预测文章大意
2. 看选项，初步排除含有无关内容的选项
3. 查看有无主题句：段首或段尾
4.看空前空后内容，分析之间的逻辑性
5.观察语法关系：同义词或近义词的重复使用，名词单复数及动词时态的变化，动宾搭配等
6.注意代词或定冠词：it, they, this, the…
7.注意特殊疑问词及标点符号: why, where, when, what…
8.注意连词: however, so, though, not only…but also, also ...
9.灵活掌握答题顺序
解题策略：
1、通读整篇文章，把握文章的中心。

2、分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键。

3、了解每段的主旨和结构。

4、理清空格前后句子之间的逻辑关系。

关注空格在文中的位置。

5 、复查
五、复习反思
1、利用英语学案：先学后教，当堂训练。

为课后的作业辅导打下了基础。

整个课堂教学过程真正体现了教师为主导，学习主体的教学原则，教学目标要求也得到了落实。

2、尽管是高三的一节复习课，但我也不忘，这节课的主角是学生，要时刻
发挥学生的主体地位。

3、有效渗透学法，使学生学会解题。

本节课始终贯穿学法指导。

有解题技巧的点拨，有“七选五”解题三步曲的总结，也有试题设计者设题的感受。

在这节课上学生收获多多，感受多多。

这节课总的来说比较顺利地完成了预期的目标和任务，收到了比较好的效果但尽管周密计划、精心设计了这堂课，还是遗憾多多。

其一，渗透“七选五”解题技巧即段首、段中、段末略显肤浅，如能再深入挖掘则更透彻。

其二，课堂“七选五”练习题中稍显沉闷。