北语网院作业答案
一、单选题(共20 道试题,共40 分) 壹.创业机会的类型不包括( )
A.冲动型
B.问题型
C.趋势型
D.组合型
贰.PEST方法分析的内容不包括( )
A.政治
B.环境
C.社会
D.团队
叁.企业内部环境分析的方法有( )
A.PEST方法
B.SWOT 方法
C.五力模型
D.价值链模型
肆.商业模式的三要素不包括( )
A.价值
B.资金
C.顾客
D.利润
伍.创办新企业的流程中不包括( )
A.企业名称预审
B.前置审批
C.找风险投资
D.工商注册
陆.创业的四大过程不包括( )
A.创业准备
B.机会识别
C.资源整合
D.企业创办与成长
柒.创业的核心驱动力是( )
A.团队
B.机会
C.场地
D.资源
8.创业过程中的主导者是( )
A.团队
B.机会
C.场地
D.资源
9.有价值的创业机会特征不包括( )
A.吸引力
B.持久性
C.及时性
D.复杂性
10.财务报表内容不包括( )
A.产品服务原理
B.董事监事员工情况
C.公司治理结构
D.股东大会情况和董事报告情况
1壹.创业者的创业精神不包括( )
A.冒险精神
B.炫富意识
C.创新意识
D.团队协作
E.社会责任
1贰.创业中期团队领导者最容易采取的角色策略是( )
A.传统等级制度
B.管理者是同事也是合作者
C.管理者是团队的中心
D.管理者逐渐向团队成员授权
1叁.创建创业团队的意义不包括( )
A.实现个人无法实现的目标
B.实现自己的领导欲望
C.共担风险，共享收益
D.多元技能互补，资源整合
1肆.非系统风险不包括( )
A.团队
B.法律
C.市场
D.财务与技术
1伍.创业过程中可以利用的不包括( )
A.政府政策与项目
B.金融与培训支持
C.法律漏洞
D.文化与社会规范
1陆.企业组织类型不包括( )
A.个人独资公司
B.合伙企业
C.有限责任公司
D.个体工商户
1柒.按创业动机上分,创业的类型不包括( )
A.机会型创业
B.生存型创业
C.独立创业
18.商业模式画布的九大模块不包括( )
A.资金来源
B.价值主张、成本结构、收入来源
C.客户细分、客户关系、渠道通路
D.关键业务、核心资源、重要伙伴
19.蒂蒙斯的创业过程模型不包括的要素有( )
A.机会
B.场地
C.资源
D.团队
20.秩序感强,遵守规章制度,分工明确,使命必达这种性格的人属于( )
A.海豚型
B.老虎型
C.蜜蜂型
D.八爪鱼型
二、判断题(共15 道试题,共30 分)
壹.有限责任公司一定有注册资本额度限制。
A.对
B.错
贰.资源的整合就是要发货资源的杠杆效益。
A.对
B.错
叁.资产负债表反映的是某一时点的企业财务状况。
A.对
B.错
肆.目前经济组织形式包括个体工商户、合作社、企业。
A.对
B.错
伍.创业机会可以来自对市场的细分,对客户需求的差异性分析。
A.对
B.错
陆.商业模式就是采用靠什么方式或途径赚钱的商业运营方式。
A.对
B.错
柒.融资可以是从企业流出资金。
A.对
B.错
8.商业模式设计中需要考虑的是企业所提供的价值主张。
A.对
B.错
9.创业过程的三要素包括机会、资源、个人。
A.对
B.错
10.创业中期资源和机会均等。
A.对
B.错
1壹.按创业项目的类型上分创业的类型包括传统技能型创业、高新技术性创业、知识服务型创业。
A.对
B.错
1贰.网络模式简而言之是用广泛的商业布局占领市场,形成企业的产品和服务覆盖。
A.对
B.错
1叁.内源性融资中可以包括债务性资本。
A.对
B.错
1肆.持久性是有价值的创业机会的唯一特征。
A.对
B.错
1伍.团队成员可以主动补位,组织自动调整,让团队富有弹性。
A.对
B.错
三、问答题(共 3 道试题,共30 分)
壹.结合身边的例子论述创业过程的三要素（机会、团队和资源）
贰.使用商业模式的九大模块去分析京东的商业模式
叁.结合身边的例子论述创业过程的基本步骤
出师表
两汉：诸葛亮
先帝创业未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈于内，忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。
宫中府中，俱为一体；陟罚臧否，不宜异同。若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之理；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。
侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下：愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨补阙漏，有所广益。
将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰“能”，是以众议举宠为督：愚以为营中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和睦，优劣得所。
亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣，愿陛下亲之、信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。
臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间，尔来二十有一年矣。
先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙夜忧叹，恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明；故五月渡泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。
愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效，则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎；陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感激。
今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。
2018年12月英语四级真题（第一套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) 关注公众号“春秋大道”，无偿得到全部英语四六级历年真题（更新至2018年12月）+听力原频 Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1.A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019. B) Design a new generation of mobile phones. C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon. D) Gather data from the noon with a tiny device. 2.A) It is stable. B) It is durable. C) It is inexpensive. D) It is sophisticated.
2018 年 12 月英语六级真题（第 2 套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1.A)Stop worrying about him. B)Keep away from the statue. C)Take a picture of him. D)Put on a smile for the photo. 2.A)Gaining great fame on the Internet. B)Publishing a collection of his photos. C)Collecting the best photos in the world. D)Becoming a professional photographer. 3.A)Surfing various websites and collecting photos. B)Editing his pictures and posting them online. C)Following similar accounts to compare notes. D)Studying the pictures in popular social media. 4.A)They are far from satisfactory. B)They are mostly taken by her mom. C)They make an impressive album. D)They record her fond memories. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5.A)A journal reporting the latest progress in physics. B)An introductory course of modern physics. C)An occasion for physicists to exchange ideas. D)A series of interviews with outstanding physicists. 6.A)The future of the physical world. B)The origin of the universe. C)Sources of radiation. D)Particle theory.
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第3套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once． Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague Delivered a 26 to a subordinate (下属) with a voice-mail message Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person The various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 27 and productivity---and at the same time very troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the one that’s best --- 28 when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news for the recipient We’ve 29 business communication consultants and etiquette (礼仪) experts to come up with the following guidelines for 30 using the alterative ways of delivering difficult messages. First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most 31 .Other choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most 32 is email. Some of these may change order according to the 33 situation or your own preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult message you’ve got to deliver “My 34 concern is: How can I soften or civilize this message” says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “So when
Part I Writing(30 minutes) The Challenges of Living in a Big City 【1】With the development of economy and urbanization, the number of cities is constantly increasing in China.【2】While big cities are attracting more and more people, they also bring many challenges,such as traffic jam and pollution,just to name a few.【3】The first problem that really bothers me is the traffic congestion in the rush hour. I hate waiting for buses and being late.Therefore, I have to get up very early if I have an appointment in the morning.【4】Next is that the large population in a big city makes it【5】so crowded that you can't find a peaceful place unless staying at home. The supermarkets are always crowded, so are the cinemas and parks. parks.【6】Another consequence for such a large population is that it intensifies the inadequacy of quality medical and educational resources, thus decreasing residents' sense of happiness. 【7】As a result, although I am frequently asked whether I like to live in a big city or not, my answer is always no, definitely not, How about you? 话题词汇: unsatisfactory不满意的leisure娱乐opportunity机会 fast pace快节奏 pressure压力 lifestyle生活方式 environment环境 urban城市的 health健康 Part III Reading Comprehension Section A 【词性分析】: 名词: A) ability能力;才能; E) control控制;管制;F) damage伤害;损害; M) sources来源;根源;O) vehicles交通工具,车辆 动词:B) associated与…相关;联系;E) control管理;控制;克制;F) damage损害;对……有不良影响G) described描绘,描述; H equals相当于;比得上;) innovated创新,革新;L) relates相联系;把…系起来;M) sources来自……;找出…的来源;N) undermine逐渐削弱 形容词:D) constant持续不断的;始终如一的 副词:C) consciously有意识地,自觉地; 1) exclusively仅仅,唯独;K) regularly经常;定期地 Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26-damage occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs 27-associated with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year. 1.die v. 死亡，熄灭; 凋零n.骰子 2.trillion[?tr?lj?n]n. 万亿; 兆adj.万亿的 3.welfare [?welfe?(r)] n. 福利; 幸福; 繁荣; 安宁 4.alone [??l??n] adj. 单独的; 独一无二的; 独自的adv. 单独地; 独自地; 孤独地; 只，只有; The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28-sources like home heating and cooking, has remaine d 29-constant over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation. 5.source [s?rs] n. 根源，本源; 源头，水源; 原因v. 来源; 起源; 寻求来源 6.remain [r??men]n.剩余物，残骸; 残余; 遗迹; 遗体v.留下; 保持;依然; 搁置; 剩余，剩下; 逗留 7.constant [?k?nst?nt] adj. 不断的，持续的; 永恒的，始终如一的; 坚定; 忠实的n.常量; 不变的事物
2019年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套） PartI Writing (30minutes) （请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试） Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay onhappinessbyreferr ingtothesaying“Happinessisnottheabsenceofproblems,buttheabilitytodealwiththem.”Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthen explainhowyoucandevelopyourabil itytodealwithproblemsandbehappy.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200w ords. PartII ListeningComprehension (30minutes) SectionA Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.At theendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththec onversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapau se.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichis thebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroug hthecentre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1.A)Therockbandneedsmorehoursofpractice. B)Therockbandisgoingtoplayhereforamonth. C)Theirhardworkhasresultedinabigsuccess. D)Heappreciatesthewoman’shelpwiththeband. 2.A)GoonadivingtourinEurope. C)Traveloverseasonhisown. B)Add300dollarstohisbudget. D)JoinapackagetourtoMexico. 3.A)Incasesomeproblemshouldoccur. C)Toavoidmoreworklateron. B)Somethingunexpectedhashappened. D)Tomakebetterpreparations. 4.A)Thewomanaskedforafreepasstotryoutthefacilities. B)Themanisgoingtorenewhismembershipinafitnesscenter. C)Thewomancangivethemanadiscountifhejoinstheclubnow. D)Themancantryoutthefacilitiesbeforehebecomesamember. 5.A)Heisnotafraidofchallenge. B)Heisnotfittostudyscience. C)Heisworriedaboutthetest. D)Heisgoingtodropthephysicscourse 6.A)Payforpartofthepicnicfood. C)BuysomethingspecialforGary. B)InviteGary’sfamilytodinner. D)Takesomefoodtothepicnic. 7.A)Busdrivers’workingconditions. C)Publictransportation. B)Alabordisputeatabuscompany. D)Acorporatetakeover. 8.A)Thebankstatement. C)Thepaymentforanorder. B)Theirsalesoverseas. D)Thecheckjustdeposited. Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 9.A)Ahotelreceptionist. C)Ashopassistant. B)Aprivatesecretary. D)Asalesmanager. 10.A)Voice. C)Appearance. B)Intelligence. D)Manners. 11.A)Arrangeonemoreinterview. C)Reportthemattertotheirboss.
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第1套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation.You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse. B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground C) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement D) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire 2. A)He suffered a fatal injury in an accident. B) He once served in a fire department. C) He was collecting building materials. D) He moved into his neighbor's old house. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers. B) Change British people’s negative view of maths C) Help British people understand their paychecks. D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching. 4. A) Children take maths courses at an earlier age. B) The public sees the value of maths in their life. C) British people know how to do elementary calculations D) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts. Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) He owns a fleet of aircraft. B) He is learning to be a pilot.
2018年12月英语四级考试参考答案（全三套） 第一套 听力原文 News 1 A device that weighs less than one kilogram is part of a mission that will allow scientists to deliver fourth generation or 4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019. If successful, the tiny device will provide the moon with its first ever mobile phone network. The lunar network will support high definition streaming of video and data between the moon and earth. The network is part of a mission to the moon. This is a project with the goal of landing the first privately paid for mission to the moon. The 4G mission is set to launch from Cape Canaveral in the United States on a space X Falcon 9 rocket in 2019. Mission to the moon intends to establish and test the first elements of a communications network on the moon. The scientists working on the project opted to build a 4G rather than a fifth generation or 5G network. This is because fifth generation networks are still in testing and trial phases. This means that a 5G network may not yet be stable enough to work on the moon’s surface. Question 1: What are scientists planning to do? Question 2: Why did scientists choose to set up a 4G network in their mission? News 2 It’s responded to a fire Wednesday night at an abandoned mall in Heywood. The fire was reported at 9:26 pm at an old shopping center on Michigan Avenue near St. Mary’s Church. Six fire engines, two trucks and two chiefs responded to the scene. Crews had the fire under control in about 45 minutes and managed to contain the fire to its point of origin. There were some people inside the building when the fire broke out but there were no reports of any injuries. Fire investigators have responded to the scene but have not yet determined the cause of the fire. Firefighters will remain on the scene until later this morning to ensure that the fire
2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套) Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 中国越来越重视公共图书馆，并鼓励人们充分加以利用。新近公布的统计数字表明，中国的公共图书馆数量在逐年增长。许多图书馆通过翻新和扩建，为读者创造了更为安静、舒适的环境。大型公共图书馆不仅提供种类繁多的参考资料，而且定期举办讲座、展览等活动。近年来，也出现了许多数字图书馆，从而节省了存放图书所需的空间。一些图书馆还推出了自动服务秕，使读者借书还书更加方便，进一步满足了读者的需求。 2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套) Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 近年来，中国越来越多的博物馆免费向公众开放。博物馆展览次数和参观人数都明显增长。在一些广受欢迎的博物馆门前，排长队已很常见。这些博物馆必须采取措施限制参观人数。如今，展览形式越来越多样。一些大型博物馆利用多媒体和虚拟现实等先进技术，使展览更具吸引力。不少博物馆还举办在线展览，人们可在网上观赏珍稀展品。然而，现场观看展品的体验对大多数参观者还是更具吸引力。 2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套)
2018年12月六级考试真题（第三套）为了让大家更好地模拟真实考场，文都网校四六级完全按照真题卷面顺序排版了本套真题， Part I写作部分被放在了试卷的最后一页，与听力部分完全隔开，请大家在备考过程中提早适应卷面顺序！ Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes) Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Surfing the Internet during class doesn’t just steal focus from the educator;it also hurts students who’re already struggling to26the material.A new study from Michigan State University,though,argues that all students—including high achievers—see a decline in performance when they browse the Internet during class for non-academic purposes.
Part I. Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II. Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A News Report Directions：In this section，you will hear three news reports。At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions。Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。 Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019. B) Design a new generation of mobile phones. C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon. D) Gather data from the moon with a tiny device. 2. A) It is stable. B) It is durable. C) It is inexpensive. D) It is sophisticated. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) It lasted more than six hours. B) No injuries were yet reported. C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out. D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived. 4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters. B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall. C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park. D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) Shrinking potato farming. B) Heavy reliance on import. C) Widespread plant disease. D) Insufficient potato supply. 6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet. B) It wants to expand its own farming. C) It is afraid of the spread of disease. D) It is worried about unfair competition. 7. A) Global warming. B) Ever-rising prices.
2018年12月六级真题（第三套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance academic study and extracurricular activities. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) Stop worrying about him. B) Keep away from the statue. C) Take a picture of him. D) Pat on a smile for the photo. 2. A) Gaining great fame on the Internet. B) Publishing a collection of his photos. C) Collecting the best photos in the world. D) Becoming a professional photographer. 3. A) Surfing various websites and collecting photos. B) Editing his pictures and posting them online. C) Following similar accounts to compare notes. D) Studying the pictures in popular social media. 4. A) They are far from satisfactory. B) They are mostly taken by her mom.