Part I Writing(30 minutes)
The Challenges of Living in a Big City
【1】With the development of economy and urbanization, the number of cities is constantly increasing in China.【2】While big cities are attracting more and more people, they also bring many challenges,such as traffic jam and pollution,just to name a few.【3】The first problem that really bothers me is the traffic congestion in the rush hour. I hate waiting for buses and being , I have to get up very early if I have an appointment in the morning.【4】Next is that the large population in a big city makes it 【5】so crowded that you can't find a peaceful place unless staying at home. The supermarkets are always crowded, so are the cinemas and parks. parks.【6】Another consequence for such a large population is that it intensifies the inadequacy of quality medical and educational resources, thus decreasing residents' sense of happiness.
【7】 As a result, although I am frequently asked whether I like to live in a big city or not, my answer is always no, definitely not, How about you
话题词汇: unsatisfactory不满意的leisure娱乐opportunity机会
fast pace快节奏
pressure压力
lifestyle生活方式
environment环境
urban城市的
health健康
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section A
【词性分析】:
名词: A) ability能力;才能; E) control控制;管制;F) damage伤害;损害; M) sources来源;根源;O) vehicles 交通工具,车辆
动词:B) associated与…相关;联系;E) control管理;控制;克制;F) damage损害;对……有不良影响G) described 描绘,描述; H equals相当于;比得上;) innovated创新,革新;L) relates相联系;把…系起来;M) sources来自……;找出…的来源;N) undermine逐渐削弱
形容词:D) constant持续不断的;始终如一的
副词:C) consciously有意识地,自觉地; 1) exclusively仅仅,唯独;K) regularly经常;定期地Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than
The figures include a number of costs 27-associated with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.
1.die v. 死亡，熄灭; 凋零n.骰子
2.trillion[?tr?lj?n]n. 万亿; 兆adj.万亿的
3.welfare [?welfe?(r)] n. 福利; 幸福; 繁荣; 安宁
4.alone [??l??n] adj. 单独的; 独一无二的; 独自的adv. 单独地; 独自地; 孤独地; 只，只有;
The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28-sources like home heating and cooking, has remaine d 29-constant over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.
5.source [s?rs] n. 根源，本源; 源头，水源; 原因v. 来源; 起源; 寻求来源
6.remain [r??men]n.剩余物，残骸; 残余; 遗迹; 遗体v.留下; 保持;依然; 搁置; 剩余，剩下; 逗留
7.constant [?k?nst?nt] adj. 不断的，持续的; 永恒的，始终如一的; 坚定; 忠实的n.常量; 不变的事物
The weather is a constant topic of conversation in Britain. 在英国，天气是交谈中永恒的话题。
8.despite [d??spa?t] prep. 不管; 尽管（自己）不愿意; 不在乎; n. 侮辱; 憎恨; 怨恨; 轻蔑的拒绝或不承认例句：Despite his lack of experience, he got the job.
Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation（健康指标与评估研究所所长） Chris Murray 30-described it as an“urgent call to action”action. One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individual s have little 31-control ,”he said.
9.institute [??nst?tju:t] vt. 建立; 制定; 开始; 着手n. 协会; 学会; 学院; （教育、专业等）机构
例句：He thought of trying for a position in a research institute. 他想方设法在一个研究机关找个工作.
10.metric[?metr?k] adj. 米制的，公制的 health metrics 健康指标
11.evaluate [??v?ljue?t]v. 评价，估价
12.urgent[??:d??nt] adj. 急迫的; 催促的; 强求的; 极力主张的
例句： There is an urgent need for food and water
13.premature[?prem?t??(r)] adj. 过早的; 提前的; 早产的; 草率的
A fire caused the premature closing of the exhibition. 火灾迫使展览会提前结束.
income 32-equals nearly, 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low- and middle-income countries live in places where they 33-regularly expensive dangerous levers of outdoor air pollution.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c11520762.html,bor['le?b?(r)]n.劳动;劳工;v. 努力争取(for); 苦干adj. 劳工的，工会的
But the problem is not limited 34-exlcusively to the the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the . as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel( [?di:zl] 柴油) 35-vehicles have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.
petrol [?petr?l] = gasoline [?g?s?li:n]
splash petrol
Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress
食物即药物运动正在取得进展
A) Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles(aisle [a?l]n.过道，通道; 侧廊) of Ralphs market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau(丹尼尔·那多), wander ing(wander [?w?nd?(r)]vt.
漫步,游荡,闲逛;（道路或河流）蜿蜒曲折;（人的思想等）走神，胡思乱想 ) the cereal( [?s??ri?l]n.谷物; 荞麦食品adj. 谷物的) aisle with Allison Scott（艾莉森·斯科特）, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently(adv.坚持地; 固执地)avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning”he asks her.“The frozen oranges and apples are a little ch eaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare; you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”
B) Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician( [f??z??n]n.医生，内科医生) who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center(玛丽&迪克·艾伦糖尿病中心), part of the St. Joseph Hoag Healthalliance([??la??ns]n.（国家、政党等的）结盟，同盟)（圣约瑟夫·霍格健康联盟）. The center's ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to mee t with any patients who sign up for(注册，报名参加) the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.
C) Nadeau notices the pre-made(预先配制,现成的) macaroni ([?m?k??r??ni]通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott's shopping cart( [kɑ:t]手推车) and suggests she switch to whole grain(谷物，粮食) macaroni and real cheese. “So I'd have to make it “she asks, her enthusiasm fading[fe?d]v.(褪去，失去光泽; 逐渐消逝) at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject( [r??d?ekt]vt.拒绝; 抛弃，扔掉; 排斥; 吐出或呕吐;) it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won't eat it.”
D) Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “ And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse([r??v?:s] v.（使）反
E)Nadeau is part of a small revolution([?rev??lu:?n] n.革命;彻底改变) developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it's making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely( [?
s??lli]adv.唯一地;仅仅;独一无二地) on medications(药物). By prescribing nutritional( [nj?'tr??
?nl]adj.营养的;滋养的) changes or launching programs such as 'Shop with Your Doc’ , they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward(可以取得很大进步) reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer, by food choices,” Nadeau says.
F) In the big picture（从大局来看）, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of St. Joseph Hoag Health,medical institution s（institution[??nst??tju:?n]n.（大学、银行等规模大的）机构; 惯例，制度）across the state are starting to make a philosophical（[?f?l??s?f?kl] adj.哲学上的）switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes（[?ek ??]n.回声，共鸣） the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program（ [?θer??pju:t?k][?p?ntri] 治疗性食物储藏室项目） at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital（扎克伯格旧金山综合医院）, which completed its pilot phase [fe?z] （试验阶段） and is about to expand on an ongoing（ [??ng????]不断变化的） basis to five clinic（[?kl?n?k] n.诊所，门诊部） sites throughout（[θru:?a?t] prep.（表示时间）自始至终; 在…期间; 遍及…地域; 遍及…场所adv. 处处; 始终; 在所有方面） the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive （[?n?tens?v]adj.加强的，强烈的）training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food, ”says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital's medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives（健康食品倡议initiative[??n???t?v]n.倡议adj.自发的）. "We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”
G)In Southern California,Loma Linda University School of Medicine（洛马·琳达大学医学院） is offering specialized training for its resident physicians（住院医师） in Lifestyle Medicine--that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially（ [s?b?st?n??li] adv.本质上，实质上; 大体上; 充分地; 相当多地） from dietary（ ['da??t?r?] adj.饮食的例如：dietary supplement膳食补充品） changes. Nonetheless（adv.虽然如此）, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation's high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke（[str??k]中风） are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol （[k??lest?r?l] 胆固醇） and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.
H）“It's a different paradigm( [?p?r?da?m]范式) of how to treat disease, ”says Dr. Brenda Rea （布伦达·雷）, who helps run the family and preventive（ [pr??vent?v] n. 预防; 防止adj.预防的）medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients' nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard（[?k?b?d]n.橱柜; 衣柜; 食物柜; 壁橱） and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods
I) Many people don't know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform（[tr?ns?f?:m]vt.改变;改观;变换） a patient's life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patients family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease”.
J) Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation( [??nfl??me??n]炎症), for example, or make the body inhospitable（inhospitable [??nh??sp?t?bl] adj.不好客的，不友好的; 不适于居住的） to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet--particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.
K) “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,”says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice（有发言权）in it.”
36.More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.
37.There is a special program that assign s doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.
assign[??sa?n]vt. 分派，指定，选派（某人）；分配(某物); 归于，归属; [法律] 把（财产，权利、利息）从一人转让给另一人
The two large rooms have been assigned to us.=we have been assigned two large rooms.
Assign sth to sb =assign sb sth
They’ve assigned their best man to the job.
Assignment (分配)任务；工作
38.There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.
recover [r??k?v?(r)] vt. 恢复; 重新获得; 找回；恢复健康（体力、能力等）
recover from从…收回[取回]; 恢复，痊愈
例句：She returned to her family home to recover from an illness.
39.A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.
40.Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.
41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribe s food for treatment but teaches patients how to
prescribe [pr??skra?b] vt. 指定，规定; 指定，规定;开处方
41.Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.
42.Diabetes([?da???bi:ti:z] 糖尿病) patients are advised to eat more plant-based(植物性) food.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c11520762.html,ing food as medicine is no novel( [?n?vl]adj.新奇的;异常的) idea, but the movement is making headway(n. 前进; 进展) these days.
' high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.
result from 产生于…,由…引起例句：Many hair problems result from what you eat.
result in引起，导致，以…为结局例句：Excessive dosage of this drug can result in injury to the liver. Passage one
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
California has been facing a drought( [dra?t]n.干旱（时期），旱季; 旱灾) for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump( [p?mp]用抽水机汲水;用泵（或泵样器官等）输送;) freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution([?d?str??bju:?n]n.分配，分布 ) system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling（drill [dr?l]n钻头; 军事训练; v. 钻（孔）; 打（眼）; 操练） of wells could only reach depths of 1, 000 feet, but due to new pumping （pump[p?mp] n.泵; 打气筒; v. 用抽水机汲水; 给…打气; 用泵）practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted ( [?ekstr?kt]v.抽取). The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers( [??kw?f?(r)]地下蓄水层) below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.
It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1, 000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep is the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant( [?ve?k?nt]adj.空闲的; 空缺的; 空虚的) space left is compacted([k ?m?p?kt] v. 压紧; 把…弄紧密，把…弄结实; 使（文体）简洁adj. 紧凑的; 简洁的，) by the weight of the earth above.
Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating ( [?di:?s?l??ne??n]脱盐) the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible([?fi:z?bl] adj. 可行的; 可用的; 可实行的), but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.
One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo( [??nd??g??]vt.经历，经验; 遭受) desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of
46. How could California's drought（ [dra?t]n.旱季; 干旱） crisis be solved according to some researchers
A) By building more reserves of groundwater.
B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.
C) By developing more advanced drilling devices. drill[dr?l]n. 操练; 钻头; 军事演习v钻（孔）; 打（眼）; 操练
D) By upgrading its water distribution system.
upgrade[??p?gre?d]vt. 提升; 使（机器、计算机系统等）升级; 提高（设施、服务等的）档次; 提高（飞机乘客、旅馆住客等）的待遇
downgrade[?da?n?gre?d] v. 使降低; 使降职; 贬低; 低估
advance[?d?vɑ:ns]adj. 预先的;vt.（使）前进; 将…提前
It is a good idea to place your order well in advance.
Too much protein [?pr??ti:n] in the diet may advance/accelerate the ageing process. 饮食中摄入过量蛋白质可能会加速衰老。
47. What can be inferred about extracting（[?ks'tr?kt??]n.萃取，抽取） water from deep aquifers （[??kw?f?(r)]n.地下蓄水层）
A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.
deem[di:m]vt. 认为，视为; 主张(正式用词，常用于法律、文学，强调作判断而不是思考)
We deem it necessary to make this clear to you.
这件事我们认为有必要跟你们说清楚.
B) It was not considered worth the expense.
C) It may not provide quality freshwater.
D)It is bound to gain support from the local people.
bound[ba?nd] n. 界限; 跃起; （球等的）反跳;
v.弹跳; 限制; 接壤;给…划界，限制;
adj. 用带子绑住的; 有义务的; 装订的
48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground
C)The damage to aquifers.
B)The harm to the ecosystem.
D)The change of the climate.
49. What does the author say about deep wells
A) They run without any need for repair s.
B)They are entirely free from pollutants. entirely[?n?ta??li] adv. 完全地; 完整地; 全部地; 彻底地
pollutant[p??lu:t?nt] n. 污染物 pollute
ultimate[??lt?m?t]adj. 最后的; 极限的; 首要的; 最大的n. 终极; 顶点; 基本原理; 基本事实
intimate[??nt?m?t] adj. 亲密的，亲近的n. 至交; 密友;
The ultimate aim is to expand the network further.
This hotel is the ultimate in luxury.
C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.
D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater. steady[?stedi]adj. 稳定的，不变的; 镇定的，沉着的; 坚定的vt. 使稳定，使坚定
50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources
A) People's health may improve with cleaner water.
B) People's water bills may be lowered considerably.
considerate considerable
C) The cost may go up due to desalination.
D) They may be exhausted sooner or later. exhaust [?g?z?:st]vt. 用尽，耗尽; 使精疲力尽; 排出; 彻底探讨
Passage Two
The Alpha Go program's victory is an example of how smart computers have become.
But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically([?eθ?kl] adj.伦理学的; 道德的), meaning can they be honest and fair
One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program(v.为…制定计划; 设计安排活动; 编排) a machine to act ethically. As
a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog What if the only risk is damage the to the car itself, not to the passengers
Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.
About the same time as Alpha Go's triumph, Microsoft’s‘chatbot’ took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas(种族主义思想). When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.
AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability(不可预测性，不可预知性) of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.
Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which owns AlphaGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just better human beings”.
51. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo's victory
A) Computers will prevail([pr??ve?l]vi. 流行，盛行; 获胜，占优势; 说服，劝说) over human beings.
B) Computers have unmatched( [??n?m?t?t] adj.无敌的;不相配的) potential([p??ten?l]adj.潜在的n.潜力，潜能).
C) Computers are man's potential rivals( [?ra?vl]n.对手; 竞争者vt.与…竞争; 比得上某人adj.竞争的).
D) Computers can become highly intelligent.
52. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically(ethical[?eθ?kl] adj. 伦理学的; 道德的)
A) They are capable of predicting possible risks.
B)They weigh( [we?]vt.称…的重量; 权衡，考虑) the gains and losses before reaching a decision.
C) They make sensible(sensible[?s?ns?b?l]adj.明智的; 合乎情理的) decisions when facing moral(adj.道德的，道义上的; 精神上的) dilemmas( [d??lem?]n.窘境，困境).
D)They sacrifice( [?s?kr?fa?s]n.牺牲; 献祭vt.牺牲，把…奉献给…) everything to save human lives.
53. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age
C) How to prevent( [pr??vent]vt.预防; 阻碍preventable;preventative) AI machines doing harm to humans.
D) How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.
54. What do we learn about Microsoft’s‘chatbot’ Taylor
A) She could not distinguish( [d??st??gw??]v. 区分，辨别，分清) good from bad.
B) She could turn herself off when necessary.
C) She was not made to handle novel situations.
D) She was good at performing routine([ru:?ti:n]n.常规; 例行程序adj.例行的; 常规的) tasks.
55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence(人工智能)
A) It will be far superior( [su:?p??ri?(r)] adj.（级别、地位）较高的) to human being.
B)It will keep improving as time goes by.
C) It will prove to be an asset( [??set]n.资产,财产;有价值的人或物) to human beings.
D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome(n.结果;成果;出路).
36.More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.
factory [?f?ktri]&[?f?kt?ri] n. 工厂，制造厂
A building or group of buildings where goods are made
翻译： a car factory factory worker
同义词：factory, mill, plant, workshop，manufactory 这些名词都有"工厂"之意。
mill [m?l] 原义指粮食加工厂，现多指轻工业类的工厂。
如：a cotton/paper/textile/woollen mill 棉纺厂；造纸厂；纺织厂；毛纺厂
cotton [?k?tn] n. 棉; 棉线; 棉织物; cotton candy
textile[?teksta?l] n. 纺织品，织物
woollen['w?l?n] adj. 羊毛制的; 毛织的 wool [w?l]n. 羊毛;
plant 多指电力或机械制造方面的工厂。
Workshop 作坊；工场；车间如： a car repair workshop
37.There is a special program that assign s doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores. program[?pr??gr?m]n. 程序; 节目，节目单; 计划，安排=arrangement
38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.
39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.
40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.
41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.
42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.
43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.
44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.
' high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.
食物即药物运动正在取得进展
A)每个月总有几次,你可以在加利福尼亚州亨廷顿海滩的拉尔夫市场的过道里发现一位医生,他身穿
白大褂,帮助人们了解食物。这位医生是丹尼尔·纳多,最近有一天,他与艾利森·斯科特在谷物货
架边徘徊,让她知道如何喂养那些执意不肯吃任何健康食物的孩子们。“你有没有想过早上尝试新
鲜的果汁”他问道。“冷藏的橘子和苹果会便宜一点儿,水果对大脑真的有好处。(39)准备果汁挺
快、挺简单的你可以在前一天晚上把冷藏的水果拿出来,第二天早上把它做好。”
B)(37)斯科特很高兴从身为附近的玛丽&迪克·艾伦糖尿病中心的项目主任的医生那里得到食物方
医生派到食品杂货店,与任何报名申请这项服务的患者以及周围碰巧遇到问题的其他任何购物者
会面
C)纳多注意到斯科特的购物车里放了几盒现成的干酪酱通心粉,于是建议她换成全谷物通心粉和真正的奶酪。(42)“所以,这是要我自己做吗”她问道。一想到这可能需要多长时间,结果孩子们却拒绝食用,她的热情就消失了。“我不确定他们会吃。他们就是不会吃。”
D)纳多说糖和加工食品是导致儿童糖尿病发病率上升的主要因素。“(36)在美国,我们超过50%的食品都是加工食品,”纳多告诉她。“我们只有5%的食物是以植物为基础的食物。我认为我们应该努
力改变这一点”斯科特同意为孩子们尝试做更多的果汁,并制作真正的通心粉和奶酪。医生得了分,糖尿病得了零分。
2018年12月英语四级真题（第一套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) 关注公众号“春秋大道”，无偿得到全部英语四六级历年真题（更新至2018年12月）+听力原频 Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1.A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019. B) Design a new generation of mobile phones. C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon. D) Gather data from the noon with a tiny device. 2.A) It is stable. B) It is durable. C) It is inexpensive. D) It is sophisticated.
Part I Writing(30 minutes) The Challenges of Living in a Big City 【1】With the development of economy and urbanization, the number of cities is constantly increasing in China.【2】While big cities are attracting more and more people, they also bring many challenges,such as traffic jam and pollution,just to name a few.【3】The first problem that really bothers me is the traffic congestion in the rush hour. I hate waiting for buses and being late.Therefore, I have to get up very early if I have an appointment in the morning.【4】Next is that the large population in a big city makes it【5】so crowded that you can't find a peaceful place unless staying at home. The supermarkets are always crowded, so are the cinemas and parks. parks.【6】Another consequence for such a large population is that it intensifies the inadequacy of quality medical and educational resources, thus decreasing residents' sense of happiness. 【7】As a result, although I am frequently asked whether I like to live in a big city or not, my answer is always no, definitely not, How about you? 话题词汇: unsatisfactory不满意的leisure娱乐opportunity机会 fast pace快节奏 pressure压力 lifestyle生活方式 environment环境 urban城市的 health健康 Part III Reading Comprehension Section A 【词性分析】: 名词: A) ability能力;才能; E) control控制;管制;F) damage伤害;损害; M) sources来源;根源;O) vehicles交通工具,车辆 动词:B) associated与…相关;联系;E) control管理;控制;克制;F) damage损害;对……有不良影响G) described描绘,描述; H equals相当于;比得上;) innovated创新,革新;L) relates相联系;把…系起来;M) sources来自……;找出…的来源;N) undermine逐渐削弱 形容词:D) constant持续不断的;始终如一的 副词:C) consciously有意识地,自觉地; 1) exclusively仅仅,唯独;K) regularly经常;定期地 Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26-damage occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs 27-associated with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year. 1.die v. 死亡，熄灭; 凋零n.骰子 2.trillion[?tr?lj?n]n. 万亿; 兆adj.万亿的 3.welfare [?welfe?(r)] n. 福利; 幸福; 繁荣; 安宁 4.alone [??l??n] adj. 单独的; 独一无二的; 独自的adv. 单独地; 独自地; 孤独地; 只，只有; The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28-sources like home heating and cooking, has remaine d 29-constant over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation. 5.source [s?rs] n. 根源，本源; 源头，水源; 原因v. 来源; 起源; 寻求来源 6.remain [r??men]n.剩余物，残骸; 残余; 遗迹; 遗体v.留下; 保持;依然; 搁置; 剩余，剩下; 逗留 7.constant [?k?nst?nt] adj. 不断的，持续的; 永恒的，始终如一的; 坚定; 忠实的n.常量; 不变的事物
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第3套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad.You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. R ead the passage t hrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once． Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague?D elivered a 26to a subordinate (下属) with a voice-mail message? Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person? The various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 27and productivity---and at the same time very troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the 28when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news one that’s best --- 29business communication consultants and etiquette for the recipient? We’ve (礼仪) experts to come up with the following guidelines for 30using the alterative ways of delivering difficult messages. First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most 31 .Other choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most 32is email. Some of these may change order according to the 33 situation or your own preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult message you’ve got to deliver? “My 34concern is: How can I soften or civilize this says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “So when I apologize, I usually message?” choose in-person first, or a phone conversation as my top alternative, and maybe a
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第1套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation.You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse. B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground C) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement D) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire 2. A)He suffered a fatal injury in an accident. B) He once served in a fire department. C) He was collecting building materials. D) He moved into his neighbor's old house. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers. B) Change British people’s negative view of maths C) Help British people understand their paychecks. D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching. 4. A) Children take maths courses at an earlier age. B) The public sees the value of maths in their life. C) British people know how to do elementary calculations D) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts. Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) He owns a fleet of aircraft. B) He is learning to be a pilot.
2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套） Part I Writing (30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019. B) Design a new generation of mobile phones. C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon. D) Gather data from the moon with a tiny device. 2. A) It is stable.B) It is durable. C) It is inexpensive.D) It is sophisticated. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) It lasted more than six hours. B) No injuries were yet reported. C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out. D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived. 4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters. B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall. C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park. D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import. C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply. 6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet. B) It wants to expand its own farming. C) It is afraid of the spread of disease. D) It is worried about unfair competition. 7. A) Global warming.B) Ever-rising prices. C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment. Section B Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1
2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套） Part I Writing (30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse. B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground. C) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement. D) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire. 2. A) He suffered a fatal injury in an accident. B) He once served in a fire department. C) He was collecting building materials. D) He moved into his neighbor’s old house. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers. B) Change British people’s negative view of maths. C) Help British people understand their paychecks. D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching. 4. A) Children take maths courses at an earlier age. B) The public sees the value of maths in their life. C) British people know how to do elementary calculations. D) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) He owns a fleet of aircraft. B) He is learning to be a pilot. C) He regards his royal duties as a burden. D) He held a part-time job for over 20 years. 6. A) He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills. B) He can change his focus of attention and relax. C) He can show his difference from other royalty. D) He can come into closer contact with his people. 7. A) They enjoyed his company. B) They liked him in his uniform. C) They rarely recognised him. D) They were surprised to see him. Section B
2018年12月大学英语四级真题及答案 第一部分写作 2018年12月大学英语四级考试写作真题(第1套) 2018年12月英语四级真题写作范文(出国留学的挑战) 【作文一参考范文】 It is well known that due to the booming economy and increasing family income, studying abroad has become an increasingly popular choice for students. Although studying abroad is often praised by people for its advantages, there are still some disadvantages to be noticed. First of all, to study abroad is expensive. Specifically speaking, those involved have to spend a large amount of money on tuition and living expenses, which is not affordable for everyone. In addition, to study abroad is a great challenge for those students who lack the ability of living independently. If they can not take good care of themselves there, their academic performance will be affected to a large extent. Last but not least, to study abroad may exercise a negative influence on students’ mentality. As we all know, to study abroad equals to stay away from family and friends for a long time, which is likely to produce some psychological problems for those students, such as being solitary and gloomy. From what has been mentioned above, we can easily come to the conclusion that the disadvantages of studying abroad can not be neglected. What’s more, those students who are planning to study abroad should make enough preparations for these problems mentioned above. Only in this way, can they have a fruitful and successful study life abroad. 【参考译文】 众所周知，随着经济的蓬勃发展和家庭收入的增加，出国留学已经成为越来越受学生欢迎的选择。虽然出国留学的优点经常被人们称赞，但仍有一些缺点需要注意。 首先，出国留学的费用是昂贵的。具体来说，这些人不得不花费一大笔钱在学费和生活费上，而这并不是每个人都负担得起的。此外，对于那些缺乏独立生活能力的学生来说，出国留学是一个巨大的挑战。如果他们不能照顾好自己，他们的学习成绩将在很大程度上受到影响。最后但并非最不重要，出国留学可能会对学生的心理产生负面影响。众所周知，出国留学等于长时间远离家人和朋友，这很可能使留学生产生一些心理问题，如孤僻和沮丧。 综上所述，我们不难得出以下结论：出国留学的缺点是不能忽视的。更重要的是，那些计划出国留学的学生应该为解决这些问题做好充足的准备。只有这样，他们才能有一个丰富多彩且成功的留学生活。 2018年12月英语四级真题作文:大城市生活的挑战 【作文二参考范文】 Recently the phenomenon of living in a big city has been brought into focus. With the population of dwelling in a big city increasing dramatically for its convenient infrastructure and higher wage level, the challenges have also aroused more and more concerns among the society. First of all, the most obvious problem is the issue of traffic. In a big cities, traffic jam is quite common everywhere, especially in the rush time. Consequently, a large number of people have to spend much time in commuting. In the second place, with the growth of cars and buses in big cities, air pollution has become another disadvantage, which may do harm to the health of people. Last but not least, people living in a big city tend to endure more pressure of work and life, which may, directly or indirectly, influence their mental health. So what will be the possible tendency of this situation in the following decades? From my
2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套） Part I Writing (30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) 说明：由于2018年12月四级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。 Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes ) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
2018年12月大学英语四级翻译真题汇总 【手机改变阅读方式】 由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人的速度增长。这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。他们现在经常在智能手机上看新闻和文章，而不买传统报刊。大量移动应用程序（apps）的开发使人们能用手机阅读小说和其他形式的文学作品。因此，纸质书籍的销售受到了影响。但调查显示，尽管智能手机阅读市场稳步增长，超半数成年人仍喜欢读纸质书。（164字） In recent years, the number of Chinese smartphone users has been growing at an alarming rate as the result of the rapid development of communication networks. This has dramatically changed the ways of reading for many people. They now often read news and articles on their smartphones instead of buying traditional newspapers. The development of a large number of mobile apps enables people to read novels and other forms of literature works on their mobile phones. Therefore, the sale of paper books has been affected. But the survey indicates that, despite the steady growth of the mobile phone reading market, more than half of the adults still prefer to read paper books. 【手机改变支付方式】 过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展。随着移动互联网的出现，手机购物逐渐成为一种趋势。18到30岁的年轻人构成了移动支付市场的最大群体。由于现在用手机付款很容易，许多消费者在购物时宁愿用手机付款，而不愿用现金或信用卡。为了鼓励人们多消费，许多商店给使用移动支付的顾客打折。专家预测，中国移动支付市场未来仍有很大发展潜力。
2017年12月英语四级考试真题全解析（第一套） 第一部分：写作 题目解析： 审题： 四级写作的第一步即读懂题目要求。读题目时我们需要在题干中去找“关键词”。本次作文中读完题目，建议同学们用笔勾画出来五个关键词，即五个要点，顺序依次是“30 minutes”、“essay”、“how”、“the relationship between doctors andpatients”、“write at least 120 words but no more than180 words”其中关于考试时间和作文字数的要求每年都一致。接下来审题的重点：这次写作要求我们写一篇常见的议论文，并且去简述如何处理医生和病人的关系。读完题目之后，我们了解到这次的写作主题即“医患关系（the relationship between doctors andpatients）”。 谋篇： 四级写作的第二步即布局三段结构，这次写作中强调“如何处理医患关系”，所以我们在第二段写作时，可以从两个维度出发—医生和患者—去叙述如何正确处理两个主体之间的关系。 框架：全文分为三个段落。第一段为话题引出段（可结合情景作文第一段，先表明自己的观点）；第二段为原因分析段（主要从医生/患者两个方面进行原因论述）；第三段为意义阐述段。 具体的范文如下，仅做参考： In the present age,it is generally acknowledged that the relationship between doctors and patients is playing indispensable roles inour lives.As far as I am concerned,we should balance this kind of relationship from two aspects,doctorsand patients. The causes of this perspective are multiple.In the first place,the reason hasbeen cited as a major reason that doctorscannot be understood,for patients always maintain doctors can cure all kindsof disease.This is mainly due to the fact that although medical technology and science are advanced at an amazingrate,there exists a multitude of various kinds of diseases we cannot cure.Furthermore,the reason can contribute this perspective that patients are believed to be lack of thefundamental medical knowledge,which results in this relationship are worried.Plenty of evidence has shown that anincreasing number of patients often go to extremes if their diseases cannot be cureinstantly. When it comes to ourmodern society,it is universally acknowledged that dealing