《英语专业八级人文知识》（英语国家概况部分）征服冲击波系列
美国部分
1. The traditional dividing line in America between "east" and "west" is _______.
A. the Mississippi river.
B. the Appalachians.
C. the Rocky Mountains.
D. the Hudson river.
2. Which part m America is the earliest to be found and taken over by early settler
A. The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain.
B. The Appalachians and their foothills.
C. The interior lowlands.
D.The Cordillera.
3. Which is the largest racial group in the whole population of U.S. A?
A. Hispanics.
B. American Indians.
C. Non-Hispanics white.
D. Asian Americans.
4. Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is ________.
A. Latinos/Hispanics
B. Asian Americans
C. Native Americans
D. African Americans
5._______ has the world's oldest written constitution and political party.
A.America
B.Canada
C.England
D.Australia
6. As to roles of American president, which is NOT precisely defined in the U.! Constitution?
A. He is the head of the state.
B.He is the chief executive of the U. S. .
C.He is the commander in chief of the aimed forces.
D. He is the head of his political party.
7. The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved I
A. The New Deal
B. World War n
C. New energy sources
D. Technological changes
8. In the United States, how many years does primary education require?
A. Four years.
B. Five years.
C. Six years.
D. Seven years.
9. Most college students in the United States are in _______.
A. private institutions
B. city-funded universities
C .high-tuition universities
D .public institutions
10.The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are as fol- lows EXCEPT _______.
A.the United States State Courts
B.the United States District Courts
C.the United States Courts of Appeal
D.the United States Supreme Court
11. All states of America are governed by the common law EXCEPT _______.
A. Louisiana
B.Washington
C.California D .New York
12 .Of the fifty states of America, how many states now have the death penalty as punishment?
A.37.
B.38.
C.39.
D.40.
13. The four major regions of the United States are _______.
A.Northeast
B. South
C. Midwest
D.West
E. North
A.ABCD.
B.ACDE.
C.BCDE.
D.ABC
E.
14 .Which region's cultural character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit?
A. The Middle-Atlantic Region.
B. The New England Region.
C. The Pennsylvanian Region.
D. The Mormon Region.
15._____ is the latest state in terms of size and population in America.
A. California
B. Indiana
C. Kansas
D. Massachusetts
16. Which of the following is NOT in Middle-Atlantic Region?
A.Broadway.
B. The Statue of liberty.
C.Time Square.
D.Bible Belt.
17. Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of American characters?
A. Ambition.
B. Individualism.
C. Consideration.
D. Self-reliance.
18. Which of the following is NOT America's newspaper?
A. Wall Street Journal.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c214486102.html,A Today.
C. Guardian.
D. The Milwaukee Journal.
19. Which of the following are U. S. News and Cable network?
a.ABC
b.NBC
c.BBC
d.ABA
A.ab
B.bc
C.cd
D.ad
20."Hollywood"is often used as a synonym for _______.
A. American films
B. American forest industry
C. Christians in the U. S. A
D. American advertising industry
21. The most important and largest river in the United States of America is
A. the Ohio River
B. the Colorado River
C. the Missouri River
D. the Mississippi River
22. The north-eastern part of the United States-New England enjoys a ___climate.
A. northern and oceanic type of
B. typical continental
C. very cold
D. fairly warns
23. To the west of mainland America lies the
A. Atlantic Ocean
B. Pacific Ocean
C. Indian Ocean
D. Arctic Ocean
24. Detroit, a U. S. city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its
A. automobile industry
B. textile industry
C. iron and steel industry
D. aircraft industry
25. The natives of the continent of America are the
A. Canadians
B. Indians
C. Mexicans
D. Hispanics
26. Thanksgiving Day is celebrated in
A. Britain
B. Britain and U. S. A
C. the United States
D. all the English-speaking countries
27. is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.
A. Washington D. C.
B. Los Angeles
C. San Francisco
D. New York City
28. Which of the following minority groups enjoys the worst social and economic conditions?
A. Blacks.
B. Hispanics.
C. Indians.
D. Asian Americans.
29. Which of the following is NOT in New York City?
A. Wall Street.
B. Fifth Avenue.
C. Broadway Street.
D. Niagara Falls.
30. Washington D. C. is named
A. after the U. S. President George Washington
B. after Christopher Columbus
C. after both George Washington and Christopher Columbus
D. after none of them
31. The U. S. Congress has the power to make these laws except of _-
A. defense
B. citizenship and naturalization
C. marriage
D. the regulation of foreign trade
32. American and British English are two of the English language.
A. varieties
B. elements
C. parts
D. forms
33. The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was
A. Thomas Jefferson
B. James Monroe
C. James Madison
D. Abraham Lincoln
34. Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is
A. Rhode Island
B. Virginia
C. Texas
D. Montana
35. The national flag of the United States is known as
A. the Star-Spangled Banner
B. Uncle Sam
C. Hot Dog
D. Union Jack
36.7he colony that did NOT send representatives to the First Continental Congress
was
A. Georgia
B. Vugirria
C. Massachusetts
D. Rhode Island
37. The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the
A. contribution a state has made to the ration
B. population
C. size
D. none of the above
38. The tenn "Fattier of Waters" is used to refer to
A. the Amazon River
B. the Mississippi River
C. the Nile River
D. the Hudson River
39. The statue of liberty was given to American people by as a gift in 1884.
A. France
B. Spain
C. Italy
D. Britain
40. music is perhaps America's greatest contribution to the world of popular music.
A. Blues
B. Rock
C. Jazz
D. Waltz
41. is a special day of love
A. Valentine's Day
B. April fool's day
C. Halloween
D. Easter
42. American national flower is
A. violet
B. rose
C. lily
D. primrose
43. Whose presidential tern is the longest?
A. George Washington
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. Abraham Lincoln
D. Franklin D. Roosevelt
44. Ernest Hemingway is
A. Englishman
B. American
C. Dutch
D. Denmark
45. John Fitzgerald Kennedy is the president.
A. 35th
B. 34th
C. 33rd
D. 32nd
46. In 1837, the first college-level institution for women, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, opened in to serve the "Muslim sex" .
A. New England
B. Virginia
C. Massachusetts
D. New York
47 . The capital of Massachusetts is
A. Providence
B. Boston
C. Montpelier
D. Augusta
48. is the dividing line between the South and North.
A. The Hudson River
B. The Potomac River
C. The Ohio River
D. The Missouri River
49. is Washington's largest city.
A. Boise
B. Denver
C. Tacoma
D. Seattle
50. Washington D. C. , the capital of U. S. is situated on the River bank
A. St. Lawrence
B. Hudson
C. Potomac
D. Missouri
51. When did the American Civil War break out?
A.1775.
B.1812.
C.1861.
D.18W .
52. Who prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence?
A. John Adams.
B. Thomas Jefferson.
C. Benjamin Franklin.
D. John Hancock.
53. In which day is Halloween celebrated?
A.5 November.
B.31 October.
.C .17 March. D. 25 December.
54. the following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except
A. George Washington
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. William Penn
D. Benjamiin Franklin
55. The New Deal was started by
A. Franklin Roosevelt
B. J. F. Kennedy
C. George Washington
D. Thomas Jefferson
56. The United States was rated in the world in terms of land area.
A. second
B. third
C. fourth
D. fifth
57. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by
A. teachers
B. students
C. headmaster
D. boards of education}"
58. The Bill of Rights consists of
A.10 very short paragraphs in an amendment
B.10 amendments adopted in 1787
C.10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791
D. the amendments concerning the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press
and the freedom of religion
59. The United States produces ass much as half of the world's _
A. wheat and rice
B. cotton
C. tobacco and vegetable oil
D. soybeans and corn
60. Which invention marked the beginning of "The Age of Visual Information" ?
A. Newspaper.
B. Telegraph.
C. Laundry machine.
D. Television.
61. The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly
from
A. George Washington
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. John Adams D .John Locke
62.The District of Manhattan is in the city of
A. Washington D. C.
B.San Francisco
C. New York
D. Chicago
63. The sears in the Senate are allocated to different states
A. according to their population
B. according to their size
C. according to their tax paid to federal government
D. equally
64. The Rocky Mountains is located in
A. Great Britain
B. Australia
C. South Africa
D. North America
65. Hollywood, the centre of American movie industry, is closest to which city?
A. Los Angeles.
B. Chicago.
C. New York.
D. Washington.
66. Which of the following is an American newspaper?
A. The Guardian.
B. Newsweek.
C . The International Herald Tribune. D. The Daily Telegraph.
67. The U.S. is called a " melting pot" because
A. its steel industry is highly developed
B. it has great influence on the world
C -it is an important economic center of the world
D .people from different races live there together
68. The first Puritans came to America on the ship
A. Codpeed
B. Susan Constant
C. May Flower
D. Discovery
69. Americans celebrate Memorial Day on the last Monday in May to honor those,
have
A. given their lives for their country
B. made great; scientific discoveries
C. won American great reputation in sports
D . donated large amounts of money to the country
70. "'Trick or Treat" is a phase that children often use when they celebrate
A. New Year's Day
B. Veteran's Day
C. Halloween
D. Christmas
71 . The Easter egg and the hare, two of the symbols most frequently associated
Easter, are considered to represent
A. vigor and bravery B . fertility and new life
C. originality and speed
D. happiness and fun
72.Which of the following books is not written by Mark Twain, whose real name is Samuel Langhorne Clemens?
A. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
B. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
C. Life on the Mississippi
D. Leaves of Grass
73. Which of the following books is written by Washington Irving?
A. Nature
B. The Scarlet Letter
C. The Sketch Book
D. Farewell to Arms
74. The world-famous Harvard University is in
A. Massachusetts
B. New York
C. Washington
D. C. D. Maine
75. Which of the following statements about American education is wrong?
A. Elementary and secondary education in America is free and compulsory
B. Private schools are financially supported by religious or nonreligious private organizations or
individuals
C. There are more public colleges and universities than the private ones
D. Credits taken at community colleges are normally applicable to requirement for a four-year
bachelor's degree
76. is a symbol of American theatre and world-class entertainment.
A. Broadway
B. Wall Street
C. The Fifth Avenue
D. Times Square
77. is not a tourist attraction in the United States.
A. Yellowstone National Park
B. Grand Canyon
C. St. Patrick's Cathedral
D. Stonehenge
78. was an actor before he became the President.
A. Ronald Reagan
B. Abraham Lincoln
C. Herbert Hoover
D. Jimmy Carter
79. New Englanders were originally known as , which come to stand for all Americans.
A. Hippies
B. Yankees
C. Uncle Sam
D. Brother Jonathan
80. On the 30th of April, 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in
which housed the government then.
A. New York
B. Washington D.
C.
C. Philadelphia
D. Boston
81. Which of the following people was not an American President?
A. John Hancock
B. John Adams
C. John Q. Adams
D. Jimmy Carter
82 . Henry Ford was the first than to
A. design a plane
B. fly an aeroplane
C. mass-produce cars
D. design and make a car
83. "That government of the people, by the people, for the people, . . . " were
words by
A. Thomas Jefferson
B. Abraham Lincoln
C. Andrew Johnson D .Theodore Roosevelt
84. State is in the North-West of the United States.
A. Missouri
B. Maryland
C. New York
D. Washington
85. The famous Silicon Valley is in the state of
A. Texas
B. Idaho
C. Illinois
D. California.
86. Of the five Great Lakes, is the only lake that lies entirely in the US.
A. Lake Erie
B. Lake Huron
C. Lake Michigan
D. Lake Superior
87. In the United States, the largest groups of native Americans live on___
A. the Great Plains
B. the Pacific coast
C. the Colorado Plateau
D. the Appalachian Mountains
88. The symbol for the Democratic Party in the United States is
A. the bull
B.the bear
C. the donkey
D. the elephant
89. is often used to refer to the US Department of Defense.
A. Capitol Hill
B. The Pentagon
C .The White House D.The Empire State Building
90. The American government is divided into three branches with each having its own
powers. This is called
A. absolute monarchy
B. balance of powers
C. checks and balances
D. separation of government
91. President George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States, is a Member
Of
A. Whig Party
B. the Democratic Party
C. Federalist Party
D. the Republican Party
92. In the United States, NASA is the acronym for
A. National Aeronautics & Space Adrnini-tration
B. National Autograss Sports Association
C. Nice And Safe Attitude
D. National Association of Students of Architecture
93. When Neil Armstrong, one of the three crew, first landed on the moon on July 20, 1969, he said, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap formankind. "
A. Apollo 11
B. Apollo 12
C. Apollo 15
D. Apollo 17
94. The inventor of lightning rod is
A. Benjamin Franklin
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. Albert Einstein
D. Thomas Edison
95. , the tallest building in North America was built iru 1974 in Chicago.
A. Sears Tower
B. Empire State Building
C. John Hancock Center
D. Aon Center
96. The most popular spectator sports in the United States is
A. rugby
B. cricket
C. football
D. American football
97. Why is the United States called "a nation on the wheels"?
A. Because Americans love making cars
B. Because Americans depend much on cars in their daily life
C. Because Americans constantly move from city to city in their cars
D. Because the car industry has earned the United States its reputation
98. music is a native American music and its origins lie in the folk songs of the English, Scottish, and Irish.
A. Jazz
B. Hip Pop
C. Rock and Roll
D. Country and Western
99. Up to now, is the country' s leading state in oil and natural gas deposits .
A. Texas
B. Florida
C. Rhode Island
D. North Dakota
100. Which of the following corporations is not an automobile giant in America
A. Ford
B. Chrysler
C. General Motors
D. International Business Machines
练习题答案及题解
1.A
2.A
3.C
4. D
5.A
6.D
7.B
8.C
9.D10. A
11.A12 B 13. A14B 15. A 16. D 17. C 18. C 19．A 20. A
21.D 22. B23. B24. A25. B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29D30. C
31.C 32.A 33. D 34 A 35. A 36. A 37.B 38. B39. A 40. C
41.A 42. B 43. D 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. B 48. D 50. C
51. C 53. B 54. C 55. A 56. C 57. D 58. C 59. D60. D
61.D.62. C 63. D64. D 65. A 66. B 67. D 68. C 69. A 70. C
71.B 72. D 73. C 74. A 75.C 76. A 77. D 78. A 79.B80. A
81.A 82. C 83.B 84. D 85. D 86. C 87. C 88. C 89. B90. C
91.D 92.A 93. A 94. A 95.A 96. D 97. B 98. D 99. A100. D 。
．练习题答案及题解
1.A密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。
2.A最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。
3.C非西班牙裔的白人是美国
最大的种族群体。
4. D 200(）年以前，非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体（。2000年以后，拉丁
美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数，成为了美国第一大少数民族群体5.A美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党。
6.D美国宪法中没有规定总统必须是他所属的政党的首领。
7.B罗斯福新政并没有从根本＿＿卜解决大萧条带来的经济危机，第二次世界大战
爆发帮助美国走出了经济困境。
S. C美国的小学要花费大约六年的时间。
9.D大部分美国大学生都在公立学校就读。
10. A美国的联邦法院系统包括：the United States llistri ct Courts ; the United SW
Courts of Appeal和the United States Supreme Court. The United States St;Courts与联邦法院类
似，它们都属于美国法院的组成部分，只是层次不同已。。
I1.A路易斯安那州不受共同法的约束。
12). B美国现在有38个州惩罚罪犯采用死刑。13. A夫国的四大主要部分不包括．比部。
1.1. B美国的新英格兰地区，也就是东北部地区深受清教徒思想的影响。15. A加利福尼亚州是
美国最大的州，拥有人口也最多。
16. D中大西洋地区实际上就是纽约都市地区，曼哈顿、时代广场、百老汇、华尔、
都泣于此，ride "Bible Belt" is a slaa,.g term used for a geographical region血.youth and the midsection cf the United States一areas that host laigrovps of fimdamentalist Christians．
17. C美国人独立、有野心、有抱负，强调个性。
18. C Guardian是英国的主要报纸之一。
19 ．A ABC，CBS, NBC，PBS，CNN，MTV，SC, 7vC，USA, DIS CNBC，HBO都美国主要的News and Cable Networks. BBC是英国的广播公司
20. A好莱玛是美国著名的电影制造i也：
21.D美国最长的河流是密西西比河，也是美国最重要的一条河流。被美国人视
为“众河之父”，沿河流域也是美国的主要农作物产区。
2-9. B美国东北部的新英格兰地区的气候是典型的大陆性气候。冬季寒冷，夏季炎热。
23. B美国东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南靠墨西哥及墨西哥湾。所以
该题选太平洋。
24. A底特律是美国著名的汽车城。
铭25. B美国的本土居民是当地的印第安人。
26. C感恩节是每年11月的最后一个星期四，主要是美国人为了感谢起初到美国
大陆定居时上帝和美洲古代印第安人的帮助而庆祝的。
27. D纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济贸易中心和最主要的港口。28. A黑人在美国的经济和社会地位都最为低下。
29.D尼亚加拉瀑布位于美国与加拿大交界处，其余全在纽约市内。
30. C首都命名为华盛顿是为了纪念美国的第一任总统乔治·华盛顿，而联邦直辖
区被命名为哥伦比亚特区则是为了纪念第一位从欧洲横渡大西洋到达西半e球的探险家克里斯多佛·哥伦布。
31.C美国的立法机构是美国国会，婚姻不属于其立法范围。t 32.A美国英语和英国英语是英语语言的两种变体。
33. D美国历史上的第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕·林肯。34. A美国国土面积最小的州是罗得岛。
35. A美国的国旗是星条旗。
36. A当时未派代表去参加大陆会议的是佐治亚州。
37.B美国每个州派往众议院的代表人数应与本州人口成比例。38. B美国的“众河之父”指的是密西西比河。
与39. A美国的自由女神像是法国人赠予的礼物）
40. C爵士乐是美国对于世界音乐宝库的重要贡献。
41.A情人节为Valentine's Day，其余分别为愚人节、万圣节前夕和复活节。42. B美国的国花是玫瑰花，象征着美丽、芬芳、热忱和爱情二
43. D美国在位时间最长的总统是罗斯福，共有12年。
44. B文坛巨匠海明威是美国人。
45. A肯尼迪是美国的第35任总统。
46. C美国的第一所女子学院开设于马萨诸塞州。
47. B麻省的首府是波士顿。
48. D美国南北的分界线是密苏里河，东西的分界线是密西西比河。49. D华盛顿州的最大城市是西雅图。
50. C华盛顿特区位于波托马克河上。
51. C美国内战爆发于1861年，结束于1865年。52. B为美国起草独立宣言的是托马斯·杰弗逊。53. B万圣节前夕是10月的最后一天即10月31号。
541. C华盛顿、杰弗逊和弗兰克林都是美国创建时的元老功勋，而William Penn
美国宾州的创始人。
55. A新政是罗斯福为了应对美国经济大萧条而提出的。56. C就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国。
57. D对此有决定权的是教育董事会。
58. C人权法案是于1791年增补到宪法法案上来的前十条修正案。59. D美国出产占世界一半的大豆和玉米。
60. D开创人类视觉信息革命时代的重大发明是电视机。
61.D美国的许多政治观念都是来源于英国著名哲学家约翰·洛克。62. C曼哈顿是纽约市的著名经济和商业区，也是纽约的中心地带。
63. D美国每一个州在参议院中均有两位议员作为代表，与各州人口无关。64. D洛基山脉位于美国西北部，向东南延伸：
6,155. A好莱坞和迪士尼均位于洛杉矶。
66. B《新闻周刊》是美国的报纸，而《国际先驱论坛》是法国的，《卫报》和＜每日
讯》为英国的：
67. D美国被称之为“大熔炉”是因为来自世界各地的人们所带来的各自的文仕
1比交融形成独特的多元文化特征。
68. C首批清教徒到美国时乘坐的船是“五月花号”。69. A Memorial Day是美国的阵一亡将士纪念日。
70. C万圣节是美国的传统节日。万圣节前夜，孩子们带着各种面具，穿着奇异
衣服，跑到邻居家门前，高声喊着."'Dick or neat"，向大人讨要糖果，不经邻居就会巡到小孩的恶作剧。
71.B复活节彩蛋和兔子是“多产和新生”的象征。72. D Leaves of Ct王5、是Walt Whitman的作
品。
73. C Washington Ining被称作是美国文学之父，这是他最有名的作品。A
Ralph W. Emerson的作品，B是Nathaniel Hawthome的作品，D是Earn
Hemingway的作品。
74. A哈佛大学位于马萨诸塞州的剑桥（Cambridge）镇。
75.C在美国，私立高等教育机构要多于公立的。像麻省理工，耶鲁大学，哈沸大
学等都是私立大学。
76. A百老汇是一条由南向北贯穿曼哈顿全岛的大道，其中心地带是在第42街
“时代广场”附近，周围云集了几十家剧院，上演被称为现代歌舞剧的剧目。
77. D Stonehenge在英国，是古代城池的遗迹。
78. A里根从政前曾经在好莱坞闯荡20多年，参与演出了50多部电影、
79.B Yankees一词具有丰富的含意。现在用于代表美国人，俗称美国佬。在美国
南部，Yankee是指美国北部各州的居民，即北方佬；而对多数美国一化方人来说，Yankee意味着新英格兰人。
80. A 1789年George W}LSh&igton在纽约宣誓就职，1790年首都迁往费城。1
80〕年
以后定都华盛顿。
81.A John Hancock,因其当时在《独立宣言》＿七的签名很大，他的名字在美语里变
成了签名的代名词：〕
82. C Henry Ford早期是一名技师，虽然没有发明汽车，但他是第一位批量生产汽
车的人。
83.B这是Abraham Lincoln、于1863年11月19日在葛底斯堡阵亡将士墓举行落
成仪式上发表的著名的《葛底斯堡演说》的片一语。
84. D华盛顿州位于美国西一1匕部，华盛顿特区位于东部。
85. D硅谷位于加利福尼亚州，是由许多的城市组合而成的。加州有两个世界著
名的都会区，一个是南加州的洛杉矶部会，另一个是北加州的旧金山都会，一般称为旧金山湾区，简称湾区。旧金山湾区的南湾地区便是硅谷
86. C美国五大湖中密歇根湖完全在美国境内，其他都位于美加边境。
87. C美国的印第安人部落都居住在保留区，保待着自己的传统习惯。
88. C 1874年，美国著名画家汤姆斯·纳斯特创作了一幅政治漫画，用驴表示民主
党，用象表示共和党。从此，驴和象便成了两党的标志。每当大选之年，两党分别以这两种动物作为自己的党徽进行竞选，故被世人称为“驴象之争”。
89. B人们常用“五角大楼”来代指美国国防部。
90. C美国政府三权分立的权力制衡被称作checks and balances,,
91.D布什总统是共和党人、
92.A美国航空航天局的全称为National Aeronautics &印ace Administration,, Na-
tional Autograss Sports Association和Nice And Safe Attitude都在英国。Na-
tional Association of Students of Arcldtecture在印度。
93. A美国宇航员尼尔·奥尔登·阿姆斯特朗搭乘却O11011飞船成为登月第一
Apollo 17飞船的返回是美国登月计划的结束。
94. A富兰克林（Bei}ainin F}wi11dn,1706一1794）是美国科学家、物理学家、发明
政治家、社会活动家作为发明家，他还发明了老年人使用的bifocal沙和Franklin stove等。
95.A到目前为止，Sears Tower是北美第一高楼，Aon Center是芝加哥第二高
世界排名十三，John Hancock Center，是芝加哥第三高楼，世界排名十Empire State Building 在纽约，世界排名第八。
96. D美式橄榄球（American football）在美国最流行。Rugby为英式橄榄球。
97. B由于美国人的生活中几乎离不开汽车，因此美国被称作是车轮上的国家
98. D乡村和西部音乐在美国深得人心，这种音乐起源于美国南部和西部的乡
99. A得克萨斯是美国石油和天然气储量最大的州。美国东南部最大的城市币
敦(Houston）是得克萨斯州第一大都市、全美最大的石油工业中心和第三港，号称“世界石油之都”。
100. D International Business Machines是IBIN1的全称。
英国部分
1. Which of the following does not belong to the Island of Great Britain?
A. England.
B. Scotland .
C. Wales.
D. Ireland.
2. has earned the name of "The Land of Song".
A. Wales
B. Glasgow
C. Edinburgh
D. Scotland
3.In Industrial Revolution, George Stephenson invented______
A. railway engine
B. spinning machine
C.steam engine
D. cotton textile
4. is the key to Industrial Revolution .
A. Iron
B. Cotton textile
C.Coal mining
D. Steam engine
5. became a literary current during the period of the successful Industrial
Revolution.
A. Criticism
B. Modernism
C. Romanticism
D. Renaissance
6. Modem football game began in______.
A. China
B. France
C. England
D. Germany
7. is the leader of the British government .
A. Prime Minister
B. Queen
C. President
D. Governor
8. The second largest city in England, _______, is a metropolitan district and an industrial and
manufacturing city.
A. Edinburgh
B. Belfast
C. Glasgow
D. Birmingham
9. _____ introduced Christianity into Britain
A. The Celts B The Romans
C .The Viking Danes
D .The French
10. The real power of the British government lies in
A. the House of Commons
B. the cabinet headed by the Prime Minister
C. the Prime Minister
D. the Queen
11. In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of
A.5, 14
B.6, 17
C.5, 16
D.6, 14
12. The longest river in Britain is , and the largest river in the t
A. the Severn River; the Missouri River
B. the Thames River; the Missouri Rive
C. the Severn River; the Mississippi
D. the Thames River; the Ohio River
13. The general election in Britain is held every years.
A. four
B. three
C. six
D. five
14. Which of the following is a feature of British education as a whole?
A. Education is chaotic.
B. Education is extremely expensive and poor people can't afford it.
C. Education is highly centralized.
D. -Education is rather independent and enjoys a great deal of freedom.
15 .The War of 1812 was fought between______.
A. England and France
B. England and the United States
C. France and the United States
D.Britain, Canada and the united States
16. The largest river in the United Kingdom, which nuns 355 kilometres and empties into the Bristol
Strait, is_______.
A. the Severn River
B. the Clyde River
C. the Thames River
D. the Potomac River
17. "God Save the Queen" is the national of Britain.
A. flag
B. emblem
C. anthem
D. both A and C
18.The first king of England is_____, who won the overlordship in 829.
A. John
B. James I
C. Egbert
D. Henry I
19.In 1588 the English fleet defeated the____Armada and established its
supremacy over the sea.
A. Portuguese
B. Italian
C. Spanish
D. Japanese
20. Big Ben is a famous ___ in London.
A. statue
B. bridge
C. hotel
D. clock
21 London is divided into the city of London and
A. the west end
B. the east end
C. the country of greater London
D. Scotland yard
22. In 10166, ___ led the Norman allay in invading and defeating England.
A. William the Conqueror
B. Julius Caesar
C. Alfred the Great
D. Claudius
23. Which of the following sports was not invented in Britain?
A. Football. B .Tennis . C. Archery. D. Cricket.
24. Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper?
A. The Telegraph.
B. The Guardian .
C. The News of the World . D .The Times.
25. The river Thames is in
A. Wales
B. Scotland
C. England
D. Northern Ireland
26. The Industrial Revolution started in
A the Great Britain B. the. United States
C. Canada D .Australia
27. Which of the following is true under Thatcher' s administration?
A. The proportion of owner-occupation decreased .
B. Public housing became more important.
C. Many public houses were sold to people.
D. The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangement.
28. Britain has its nuclear naval force since
A. it's one of the developed countries in the world
B. it's a traditional sea power
C. it has an advanced industry
D. it's able to produce submarines
29. Which of the following is the oldest national Sunday newspaper in Britain?
A. The Times.
B. The Guardian.
C. The Observer.
D. The Financial Times.
30. Big Ben was named after
A. Christopher Wren
B. Benjamin Hall
C. Ben John
D. G. Stephenson.
31. The capital of Wales is
A. Swansea
B. Cardiff
C. Rhonda
D. Belfast
32. _____is England's biggest naval base.
A. Portsmouth
B. Southampton
C. Plymouth
D. Dover
33. There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party
A. the Liberal Party
B. the Democratic Party
C. the Labour Party
D. the Republican Party
34. Which name is NOT related to Britain?
A. Northern Ireland.
B. Scotland
.C. Wales. D. Toronto.
35. The news agency Reuters was founded in
A. London
B. Birmingham
C. Liverpool
D. Manchester
36. The tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London,
built by
A. King Harold
B. Robin Hood
C. Oliver Cromwell
D. William the Conqueror
37. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?
A .The Anglo-Saxon B. The Normans
C. The Vikings.
D. The Romans.
38. Which is the largest city in Scotland?
A. Cardiff.
B. Edinburgh.
C. Glasgow.
D. Manchester.
39. In Stain, children from the age of 5 to 16
A. can legally receive completely free education
B. can legally receive partly free education
C. cannot receive free education at all
D. cannot receive free education if their parents are rich
40. The Industrial Revolution started run
A. the Great Britain
B. the United States
C. Canada
D. Australia
41. What is the name of Britain' s highest mountain?
A. Anne Boleyn
B. Ben Nevis
C. Snowdonia
D. Scafell
42.Which is the correct name to use to refer to Britain in a political way?
A. Great Britain
B. The British isles
C. The United Kingdom
D. England
43. The two areas in Britain where a lot of immigrants five are
A. London and Cambridge
B. London and the Heart of England
C. Manchester and Birmingham
D.Edinburgh and Nottingham
44. Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting sinking
A. the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking
B. the North-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinking
C. the South-East slowly rising and the North-West slowly sinking
D. the South-West slowly rising and the North-East slowly sinking
45.The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of _____crosses.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
46.Which flower is symbol of England?
A. Thistle
B. Shamrock
C. Daffodil
D. Rose
47. %vas the home of the Lake poets William Wordsworth, .Samuel Taylor
Coleridge and Robert Soutl iev of 19th century Britain.
A. Lough Neagh
B. Windermere
C. Lake District
D. Coniston Water
48 . The first known settlers of Britain were the
A. Iberians
B. Beaker Folk
C. Celts
D. Anglo-Saxons
49. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC?
A. Emperor Claudius
B. King Alfred
C. King Etlhelred
D. Julius Caesar
50. Which one is not the reason for the very limited influence of Roman on Britain?
A. The Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class.
B. The Romans and Britons never intermarry during the 4 centuries.
C. The Romans didn't like the Britons.
D. The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons
51. The Hundred Years' war with France ended by the English being driven out of
France. By 1453 was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English.
A. Dover
B. Calais
C. Southampton
D. Portsmouth
52. Which war had little effect on ordinary people but gave a death blow to feudali
A. The Wars of the Roses
B. The Hundred Years' War
C .The English Civil War D. World War I
53. The English Civil War, also called the Puritan, Revolution, is generally regarded
the beginning of modern, history.
A. European
B. Scottish
C. Welsh
D. world
54. Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except______
A. Britain, was well placed geographically to participate in European and world
trade.
B. Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.
C. British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.
D. British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies of
the 17th century.
55.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The has very
little power.
A. queen
B. monarch C . prime minister D. king
56. Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?
A. the Labour Party
B. the Conservative Party
C. the Liberal Party
D. the Social Democratic Party
57. On accepting , the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.
A. Constitutional Law
B. The Declaration of Independence
C. Civil Law
D. Bill of Rights
58. Females were allowed to vote in national elections until
A.1918 B .1916 C .1920 D .1896
59.The British North America Act of 1867 established as a dominion.
A Australia. B. Canada C. New Zealand D. India
60. During World War 11, as a war leader, received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.
A. Harold Wilson
B. Edward Heath
C. Franklin Roosevelt
D. Winston Churchill
61. The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and
A. France
B. New Zealand
C. Argentina
D. Australia
62. In Britain, a is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or re-
signs.
A. civic election
B. by-election
C. popular election
D. general election
63. In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of
A. the Lord Chancellor
B. the Monarch
C. the Prune Minister
D. the King
61. How many members are there in the House of Commons?
A. 650
B. 524
C. 72
D. 651
65. Which of the following people didn't use to be the British Prune Minister?
A. Margaret Thatcher
B. Winston Churchill
C. Horatio Nelson
D. John Major
66. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed by the sovereign in the United
Kingdom.
A. Prime Minister
B. Member of Parliament
C. Lord of Appeal
D. Speaker of the House
67. The Tories were the forerunners of , which still bears this nickname
day.
A. the Labour Party
B. the Conservative Party
C. the Liberal Party
D. the Social Democratic Party
68. In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.
A. largest
B. second largest
C. third largest
D. fourth largest
69. The term "British disease" is now often used to characterize Britain' s
decline.
A political B. educational C. military D. economic
70.The 1980s was remembered as the decade of ______ .
A. globalization
B. nationalization
C. privatization
D. competition
71. Today, in Britain, is called a "sick" industry.
A. coal mining
B. iron and steel
C. textiles
D. shipbuilding ,
72. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th
century, and the Scottish inventor ____ modified and improved the design in1765.
A. Abraham Darby
B. James Watt
C. John Kay
D. Richard Arkwhghtthe
73. __ created the industrial working class. the proletariat, and it later led to
trade unionism.
A .The Chartist. Movement B. The Industrial Revolution ,
C. The French Revolution
D. The Glorious Revolution
74. Which of the following statements does not properly describe Britain's economy
before the Second World War?
A. Britain was known as the factory of the world.
B. Britain had the highest standard of living in Europe.
C. Britain gave up its economic hegemony in the world.
D. Britain sold many manufactured goods.
75. In Britain, are two very important crops.
A. wheat and bailey
B. wheat and oats
C. barley and potatoes
D. sugar beet and potatoes
76. Capital punishment, a sentence of death for __, has been abolished in the
UK.
A. rape
B. murder
C. robbery
D. manslaughter
77. Appeals in criminal cases in England and Wales may NOT be heard by
A. the Magistrates' Court
B. the Court of Appeal
C. the High Court
D. the Crown Court
78 .In the United Kingdom, police officers are not allowed to join _ or to go
on strike.
A. a political party
B. a choir
C. a trade union
D. a club
79. What do families usually give each other on Easter Sunday?
英语国家概况-Land and people I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island：England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations)is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置： Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊 Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).
Ⅰ. True or False: 1. The United Kingdom is located in northern Europe. F 2. The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions —England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. F 3. England is one of the two large islands in the British Isles. F 4. The British Isles are made up of three large islands and hundreds of small ones. F 5. Wales lies on the east coast of the island of Great Britain. F 6. The Commonwealth of Nations is a free association of independent countries that all used to be colonies of Britain. F 7. In Scotland, rugged mountains, green valleys, and deep, blue lakes provide some of the most beautiful scenery in Europe. T 8. The longest river in Britain is the Thames. F 9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh in northwest England. F 10. Britain’s climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current that sweeps up from the equator and flows past the British Isles. T Ⅰ. True or False: 1. The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish are Celts.F 2. London and England as a whole have great influence over the rest of the United Kingdom because of their large population. T 3. People of Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi origin are the largest group of immigrants in Britain. T 4. Compared to the rest of the world, the UK has a smaller percentage of older people and a higher percentage of younger people. F 5. The Welsh language is the official language in Wales. T 6. Scottish Gaelic is the official language in Scotland. F 7. The English language is the predominant language in Northern Ireland. T 8. English people all strive to free themselves of regional or local accents in order to sound like educated English-speaking people. F 9. Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property. F 10. Britishness is associated with political, historical, technological, sporting, and cultural achievements in Britain. T Ⅰ. True or False: 1. The first Roman invasion took place in 43 AD, headed by the Emperor Julius Caesar. F 2. The name “England”derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who came to England in the 5th and 6th centuries. T 3. The Magna Carta defined the King’s feudal rights, preventing him from arbitrarily collecting revenue. T 4. The Black Death once ravage England, carrying off three fourths of the population. F 5. During Edward III’ s reign, the war with France known as the Hundred Years’ War began. T 6. The Wars of the Roses were in the main a great contest for Crown between the rival houses of York and Lancaster. T
英语国家概况美国部分精讲系列 Chapter: 13 geography 地理位置 1.Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in American.Alaska northwestern Can ada,and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific. 阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州.阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋.（本细节还有考“一句话简答”的可能） 2.The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometres.It is the fourth largest co untry in the world in size after Russia,Canada and China. 就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国. 3.Of all states of American,Alaska is the lagest in area and Rhode Island the smalles t.But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country. 所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州. 4.The Rockies,the backbone of the North American Continent,is also known as the C ontinental Divide. 落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁，也被成为大陆分水岭. 5.The two main mountain ranges in American are the Appalachian mountains and the Rocky mountains. The Appalachians run slightly from the northeast to southwest and the Rocky mountains run slightly from the northwest to southeast. 阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座大山脉.（本细节有考“一句话简答题”的可能）
(判断题) Chapter 1 1. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. (F) 2. The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flows through western England.(T) 3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F) 4. In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.(F) 5. Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below -10℃ in January . (F) 6. The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T) 7. The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T) 8. English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(F) Chapter 2 1. British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T) 2. The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.(T) 3. The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F) 4. The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T) 5. HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T) 6. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F) 7. The Hundred Years’War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between the British and the Vikings for trade and territory.(F) 8. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen ElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T) Chapter 3 1. Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of the British government.(T) 2. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F) 3. In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F) 4. The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F) 5. The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F) 6. The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T) 7. Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F) 8. The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(T) Chapter 4 1. British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T) 2. The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T) 3. Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)
Part One: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Chapter 1 Land and People Chapter 2 The Origins of a Nation (500BC~AD1066) Chapter 3 The Shape of the Nation (1066~1381) Chapter 4 Transition to the Modern Age (1455~1688) Chapter 5 The Rise and Fall of the British Empire (1688~1990) Chapter 6 The Economy Chapter 7 Government and Administration Chapter 8 Justice the Law Chapter 9 Social Affairs Chapter 10 Cultural Affairs Chapter 1 Land, People and Language ?1 Different Names for Britain and its Parts The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The geographical names are the British Isles, Great Britain and England. People just say Britain, the United Kingdom or simply U.K. ?People England is the largest and most populous, almost a quarter of the people lives in England’s prosperous and fertile southeast, with over 7 million in the capital. The majority of the population are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe who went to England between the 5th and 7th centuries.These people settled in England and drove the native Celtic people to the mountainous areas of Wales and Scotland. Their language became the official language of the country. Most people in W ales and Scotland are descendants of the Celtic people who were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain. The Irish people were also of Celtic origin. About a hundred years ago, as a result of its imperialist expansion, Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world’s people and a quarter of the world’s land area. ?Geographical Features There are 3 political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. The island of Ireland is divided into 2 parts: Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with the North-W est slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; the east and south-east are mostly lowlands. There are 3 natural zones of Scotland: the Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands, and the southern Uplands.
《英语国家概况》教学大纲 一、课程基本信息 课程编码：B170832223 课程类别：专业基础课 课程名称：英语国家概况 课程性质：必修 适用专业：翻译 开课学期：第三学期 总学分：2 总学时：32 先行课程：英语语法、英语口语、英语听力、英汉翻译 课程简介：本课程属于翻译专业教学课程体系中的专业基础课。该课程旨培养学生实际运用语言的能力，帮助学生打下坚实的专业基础，达到专业四级水平；同时培养学生良好学习作风和正确学习方法，培养学生逻辑思维能力和独立工作能力，丰富学生社会文化知识，增强学生对文化差异的敏感性。 推荐教材：王恩铭. 英语国家概况[M]. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 2013 参考书目： [1] 来安方. 英美概况[M]. 河南: 河南人民出版社, 2007 [2] 余志远. 英语国家概况主编[M]. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, 2000 [3] 朱永涛. 英国社会与文化[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2003 二、课程总目标 以《英语国家概况》（王恩铭著）为蓝本。本课程主要是为了使英语专业学生了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、经济、政治等方面的概况，了解主要英语国家的文化传统，风俗习惯和社会生活的其他情况。本课程是一门实用性很强的文化知识课。一方面通过英语阅读主要英语国家的背景材料扩大知识面，另一方面通过学习文化知识进行语言基本功的训练，巩固和提高英语水平。 三、教学指南 课程重点：本课程教学的重点使英语专业学生了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、经济、政治等方面的概况，了解主要英语国家的文化传统，风俗习惯和社会生活的 其他情况。 课程难点：在使学生了解英语国家主要的地理、历史、经济和政治等方面的概况同时，还要培养学生良好学习作风和正确学习方法，培养学生逻辑思维能力和独立 工作能力，丰富学生社会文化知识，增强学生对文化差异的敏感性。 教学方法和手段：讲授+讨论+练习
英语国家概况—美国部分测试题 姓名____________ 班级_______________ 分数______________ 1. America was named after（）. A. Italian navigator Columbus B. navigator Amerigo Vespucci C. some Indian chieftain D. George Washington, founding father of the United States 2. Between 1860 and 1990, the United States witnessed（）large-scale population movements. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 3.At the beginning of the Berlin Blockade, President Truman turned down the option of（）. A. sending supplies through the highways, protected by tanks and troops B. sending supplies through the waterways C. starting large-scale airlifting D. staring limited airlifting to test the Soviets 4.In 1900, the United States ranked first in the production of（）. A. coal B. electricity C. oil D. wheat 5.The Constitutional Convention in America was attended by（）. A. all of the 13 states B. all of the states except Maryland C. all of the states except Rhode Island D. all of the states, but later Rhode Island withdrew from the convention 6.In the United States, Henry Ford became famous（）. A. because of his wealth B. because he set up the Standard Oil Corporation C. because he was the first to invent cars D. because of his Model T automobile 7.The attitude of many Americans toward different political views after WWⅡcan be described as（）. A. following the main trend of view B. intolerant C. indifferent D. tolerant 8.In the U.S., the Red Scare refers to（）. A. a senseless hysteria about the danger of communism B. a fear of Soviet subversion C. a senseless hate of anything foreign D. an intolerance of any idea different from the mainstream idea 9.In the United States, the“winner-take-all”system applies to（）. A. all the states B. a majority of the states C. all states except Maine D. only Maine 10.In “Old Man and Sea”, Hemingway praises the old man’s attitude towards（）. A. defeat and failure B. the sea C. his work D. nature 11. Which of the following is NOT among the five biggest cities in the United States?( ) A. Chicago. B. New York. C. Miami. D. Los Angeles. 12.____, which banned slavery, was added to the American Constitution in December, 1865.( ) A. The Bill of Rights B. The Thirteenth Amendment C. The Civil Rights Act D. The Voting Rights Act 13.___ have made it possible for all sections of the American population to have higher education.
人物与历史文献 US Tea Act 茶税法 The Treaty of Paris 巴黎公约1783年美英两国于巴黎签订的条约同样成为《巴黎条约》，该条约的签订代表着英国承认美国独立，停止敌对行为，但仅承认美国占领密西西比河以东的土地。 第二次大陆会议(The Second Continental Congress) 费城(Philadelphia)召开George Washington 乔治·华盛顿: commander in Continental Army ?美利坚合众国宪法?（The Constitution of the United States），通称?美国联邦宪法?或?美国宪法?（U.S. Constitution）1787年宪法 Thomas Jefferson托马斯·杰斐逊: The Declaration of Independence ?独立宣言? Abraham Lincoln亚伯拉罕·林肯: the Emancipation Proclamation ?解放黑人奴隶宣言? Homestead Act ?宅地法? Franklin D. Roosevelt富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福: The New Deal罗斯福新政1933年富兰克林·罗斯福就任美国总统后所实行的一系列经济政策，其核心是三个R：救济（Relief）、复兴（Recovery）和改革（Reform），因此有时也被称为三R新政。 Agricultural Adjustment Act ?农业调整法? National Industrial Recovery Act ?全国工业复兴法? ?社会保障法? 马丁．路德．金恩(Martin Luther King) Civil Rights Movement 民权运动 我有一个梦想(I Have a Dream) Harry Truman哈瑞．杜鲁门: 杜鲁门主义The Truman Doctrine 马歇尔计划（The Marshall Plan），也称为欧洲复兴计划European Recovery Program
时间时期代表人物作品 5世纪-1485 中世纪文学 Middle Ages The Book of Kells Beowulf 贝奥武甫 Geoffrey Chaucer 英国诗歌之父 The Canterbury T ales 坎特伯雷故事 15世纪后期-17世纪初期文艺复兴 The Renaissance Christopher Marlowe The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus Ben Jonson 无 William Shakespeare 200首长诗 154首十四行诗（sonnet） 38部戏剧 17世纪17世纪文学King James I the Holy Scriptures（King James Bible） Francis Bacon Essays 论说文集 The Novum Organum新工具 The New Atlantis新大西岛 John Milton （a master of the blank verse 素体诗）Areopagitica 论出版自由Paradise Lost失乐园Paradise Regained复乐园Samson Agonistes力士参孙 17世纪后期-18世纪中期启蒙时期 The Enlightenment 18世纪初新古典主义 New Classical Jonathan Swift 英国文学史上最伟 大的讽刺散文作家 Gulliver＇s travel格列佛游记（Lilliput小人国→ Brobdingnag大人国→laputa飞岛国→yahoo） Robert Burns Holy Willie＇s prayer 圣威列的祈祷 To a Mouse 致小鼠 To a Louse 致虱子 Comin＇thro＇the Rye穿过麦田 Auld Lang Syne. 友谊地久天长 Daniel Defoe Moll Flanders 摩尔·弗兰德斯 Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾孙漂流记 1798-1832 1785-1830 浪漫主义 The Romantic Period Wordsworth和 Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集（浪漫主义时期的 Declaration of Independence ） William Wordsworth The Prelude My Heart Leaps up When I Behold（Daffodils咏水 仙） I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud Samuel Taylor Coleridge Biographia Literaria 文学传记 The Rime of Ancient Mariner古舟子吟 Robert Souther 无 Lord Byron Childe Harold＇s pilgrimage恰尔德·哈罗尔德游记 Don Juan 唐璜
《英语国家概况》 一、课程性质、目的和要求 （一）课程性质 随着社会的进步和科技的高速发展，中外各种交流越来越密切，了解和掌握一些英语国家的文化传统也显得极为重要。英语国家概况是面向英语专业三年一期学生开设的专业必修课程。《英语国家概况》是介绍英语国家社会与文化背景的教科书，旨在帮助英语专业学生和英语自学者了解这些国家的社会与文化概貌，如地理，历史，政治，经济，社会生活和文化传统方面的基本知识。 （二）课程目的 该课程旨在提高英语水平为目的。该课程可以通过课文的学习和各种练习的实践，在教学过程中实行语言教学与文化知识课紧密相结合，以学生为中心，帮助学生能够理解课文，掌握英语，吸取知识，适当的补充对重大事件和人物的历史背景，典故，以提高学生的学习兴趣。课后可以适当布置一些思考题，指导学生进行有效的自学，拓宽他们的知识面。 （三）课程要求 该课程要求学生对英语国家的社会文化背景有一定的了解，能够对中西方社会和文化的差异有一定的理解和认识，正确看待中西方社会文化差异性与多元性。二、教学重点和难点 （一）教学重点 英国部分：英国历史、英国的经济制度和政策、英国的政治制度和政府机构、英国的福利制度。 美国部分：美国地理区域划分及人口结构、美国历史、美国经济特点、美国政治制度中的三权分立。 （二）教学难点 英国部分：英国的经济制度和政策、英国的政治制度和政府机构、英国的福利制度。 美国部分：美国地理区域划分及人口结构、美国经济特点、美国政治制度中的三权分立。
三、教学内容 第一章英国 第一课：英国的国土和人民 教学内容：英国的地理特征，四部分的山水河流，气候状况，英国的各个民族。这一部分主要从整体对大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国作一个综述。了解英国不同名称的含义，英国的地理特征、河流和湖泊、气候的特点以及影响气候的因素，了解英国的民族构成、人口结构及其特点；了解英国的语言构成及阶级状况。 第二课：英国历史 教学内容：英国的起源（1066年诺曼征服之前的历史，即英国早期遭受的三次外族入侵）：诺曼王朝，金雀花王朝，兰开斯特王朝，约克王朝，都铎王朝，斯图亚特王朝，克伦威尔时期的共和国，复辟时期，光荣革命，工业革命，宪章运动，英帝国的殖民扩张，一战及二战中的英国，战后到八十年代末的英国。 第三课：英国的经济制度和政策 教学内容：了解第二次世界大战后英国经济地位衰落的原因，经济发展的三个阶段的特点以及英国工业、农业等发展的概况。二战后，英国的经济政策经历了一系列的调节。从五六十年代的稳步发展，七十年代的经济衰退，到八十年代的撒切尔夫人的经济政策，英国从战前的日不落帝国变成一个二流强国。英国的工业，农业，外贸政策也将予以详细的说明。 第四课：英国的政治制度和政府机构 教学内容：英国君主立宪政体，由上院与下院组成的英国议会，英国的政党制度，中央政府机构以及地方政府机构。英国君主立宪制的构成，运行，英国的政党制度，行政机构等将在这一章予以详细介绍。 第五课：英国的社会福利制度 教学内容：英国社会的医疗保健制度、社会保障、宗教和节假日的概况。英国是一个福利国家，这一章介绍英国国民保健制度，和各种社会保险。 第六课：英国的社会文化 教学内容：介绍英国的社会文化；了解英国的教育制度、传播媒介、体育、艺术的概况。介绍英国的宗教信仰，节日庆典，文化教育，广播媒体，体育，文艺及娱乐活动。 第二章美国
英语国家概况精讲：第十三章美国地理位置英语国家概况美国部分精讲系列 英语国家概况精讲：第十三章美国地理位置英语国家概况美国部分精讲系列 Chapter: 13 geography 地理位置 1.Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in American.Alaska northwestern Canada,and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific. 阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋。（本细节还有考“一句话简答”的可能） 2。The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometres.It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia,Canada and China. 就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国。 3.Of all states of American,Alaska is the lagest in area and Rhode Island the smallest.But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country. 所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州。 4。The Rockies,the backbone of the North American Continent,is
第三大题 Chapter 8 1.How is the American population distributed? The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country、 The great plains have a comparatively small population 、the south also has a population of almost 57、5million、 the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los A ngeles and san Francisco 、 it has about 20% of the nation’s population、 2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ? The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages 、this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them 、 this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942、 Chapter 9 1.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II? Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests 、 it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power 、 th e Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the w ar、 2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency? a) brought the Vietnam war to a close b)reestablishing U、S、 relations with china c) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union 、 3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program? Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be el iminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of busine ss、 Chapter 10 1.What are the two characteristics of the U、S、 constitution? One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified、 2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively? A senator must be over 30 years old , a U、 S、 citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent 、 a repres entative should be at least 25 years old and a U、S、 citizen for no less than seven years、 3.What are the major powers of the supreme court? a)to interpret laws b) to hear appeals from any federal court cases; c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws