2012年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）
I语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空（共小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从〗5各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳
选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I woke up this morning with a fright ！
There appeared to be a mouse in my bed tickling my nose and 1 ____ scratching me. It had to be a mouse, for those tiny sharp little nails were scratching me all across my 2 ____ .
It couldn't have been a(n) 3 ____ as I didn't own any pets；it couldn't have been a rat, because if what I had read about rats was 4 ____ ，their sharp teeth could 5 ____ their way through solid stone. They do this because their front teeth never stop growing and this is the only way to keep them 6 ____.
I didn't dare to open my eyes and face the 7 ____ of the disgusting mouse in the bed with me.
I felt so dirty and 8 I didn't want to change my position cither, 9 ____ the mouse would slide onto other areas of my body, which would 10 ____ give me horrible dreams for years to come! Despite my fears, I finally decided to swiftly 1 ____ 1 the mouse away. But it 12 ____ ！I did it again and again and it kept coming back, every single time.
There was no way out. I had to face my enemy. I took a breath, gathered my 13 ____ and slowly opened my eyes. To my relief, I saw something far 14 ____ than a mouse and it all came back to me.
I had put my baby daughter Rebecca into bed beside me after her first bottle in the morning ！
That also reminded me: I needed to trim (修剪）her 15 ____
1. A. warmly B. lightly C. wildly D. thoroughly
2. A. foot B. hand C. stomach D. face
3. A. mouse B. insect C. cat D.fly
4. A. true B. suitable C. interesting D. clear
5. A. fight B. pull C. carve D. wind
6. A. strong B. sharp C. slim D. short
7. A. horror B. thought C. risk D. cost
8. A. tired B. stupid C. uncomfortable D. disappointed
9. A hoping B. fearing C. assuming D. doubting
10.A. gradually B. temporarily C. surely D. hardly
11.A. throw B. brush C. keep D. send
12.A. returned B. repeated C. dropped D. stayed
13.A. memories B. thoughts C. energy D. courage
14 A. softer B. cuter C. uglier D. worse
15 A. hair B. feet C. nails D. fingers
第二节语法填空（共10小题；钻小题1. 5分，满分15分）：
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号屮词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16-25的相应位置上。
Inequality between men and women results in poorer health for children and greater family
poverty(贫穷)，according to a new study. The UN agency Unicef found that, 16 _____ the situation has slightly improved, many women are still not included in family decisions，17_____ as a result their children are more likely to suffer from poor health.
The main finding of the 30-country survey is that equality between men and women is vital to 18 _____ (improve) living standards and health, especially for children in developing countries. The conclusions arc contained in the agency’ s 19 _____ (late) report. This report points to a lack of opportunities for girls and women in education and work，which contributes 20_____ their poverty and lack of power. Where men control the household, less money 21_____ ( spend) on healthcare and food，22_____ results in poorer health for children.
An increase in 23 _____ (employ) opportunities for women would increase 24_____ household power, the report said. For example, the agency found that whoever has more household income decides 25_____ or not it will be used for family needs.
II阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节阅读理解（共2O小题；每小题2分，满分4O分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该
项涂黑。
A
When the SS Gairsoppa was sunk by a German war boat 70 years ago，it took its huge silver cargo to a watery grave. Today, US divers are working to recover what may be the biggest shipwreck treasure ever.
The Florida-based company Odyssey Marine Exploration announced that it had found the Gairsoppa, and cited official documents indicating the British ship was carrying some 219 tons of silver when it sank in 1941 in the North Atlantic f some 300 miles off the Irish coast.
Valued then at￡600,000, the silver today is worth about $ 210 million, which would make it history's largest recovery of precious metals lost at sea.
“We've accomplished the first stage of this project —the location and identification of the target shipwreck —and now we're hard at work planning for the recovery stage，”Odyssey project manager Andrew Craig said.
Under the terms of an agreement reached between Odyssey and the British government，the company will retain 80 percent of the silver it can recover from the wreck.
The 412-foot Gairsoppa had been sailing from India back to Britain in February 1941 carrying a cargo of silver, iron and tea, when a storm hit. Running low on fuel, the ship was forced to change direction and headed for Galway，Ireland，the nearest port of safety.
It never made it，sunk by a German torpedo in the contested waters of the North Atlantic. Of the 85 people on board，only one survived.
The Gairsoppa came to rest nearly 15 ,400 feet below the surface, where for decades it was lost to the world. All previous efforts to locate the shipwreck failed.
New photographs released by the Oddesy show clear details of the ship，including the hole blown open by the torpedo. The find highlights the influential role that modern technologies，such as global positioning systems and deepwater robots，have come to play in the business of finding shipwrecks.
Odyssey president Mark Gordon said, "The majority of the world's ocean floor has not yet been explored. We know more about the surface of the moon than we know about the deepest parts of the oceans. It's exciting to be working at depths like these and to be among the pioneers of this
unexplored frontier, ”
26. What caused the ship to sink?
A. A dangerous storm.
B. A German attack.
C. A loss of direction.
D. An accidental explosion.
27. Where was the ship headed when it sank?
A. India.
B. Ireland.
C. The United States.
D. Britain.
28. Which of the following about the Gairsoppa is true?
A. All the passengers aboard were killed.
B. Some of its treasures have already been recovered.
C. It is under more than 15,000 meters of water.
D. It is officially owned by the British government.
29. Why has it taken so many years to find the location of the ship?
A. The required technology was not available before,
B. People had completely forgotten the ship had been sunk.
C. Search permission had previously been refused.
D. Official ship records have only recently been discovered.
30. What does Mark Gordon think of deep-sea exploration?
A. It is more difficult than space exploration.
B. It is a very expensive activity.
C. It is still in its early stage.
D. It can make explorers very rich，
B
I live in Mumbai, India, a big city, but I came from a remote Kerala village. When I was a- boy, hardly anyone spoke English around me. So, at age nine, Dad sent me to Montfort, an exclusive boarding school. There, I had to speak English or be punished. My uniform was typical English public school ：grey jacket，tie，and black leather shoes 一so different from the clothes most people in my village wore. And our official school sport was cricket, something I'd never heard of, let alone played, before arriving.
Montfort had been built for the children of the British officials who once ruled India ’ but by the time I arrived in 1961, nearly all the students were from powerful Indian families. Its English traditions, however, continued.
When I returned home for the holidays still wearing my uniform, people stared at me like I was an alien. ”Speak some English,“ they teased. Looking back, I unwittingly brought a bit o f English culture to my village.
But English and too much Western influence are precisely what many traditionalists and politicians fear. They ask：Will such influences finish off our own culture?
Various leaders have tried to erase the British traditions, pulling down old British statues and replacing many British-rule city names with older native names. Some even advocate changing our weekly day of rest from the "Western" Sunday to the “Hindu" Tuesday.
Extreme responses I say. You can't change history, and it's only natural for foreign influences to affect a nation's culture. So Indian culture, as it is today, is really a mixture derived from centuries of foreign invasions.
Add to that the massive changes of the 20th century resulting from the television, jet-age travel, the Internet, etc.
Everything from clothes and language to food keeps changing, yet we remain Indian. I believe that Asian cultures are too ancient and deep-rooted to be weakened by foreign influences.
Allow me to illustrate ray point. Some time ago, I took my visiting Singapore-born-and- raised cousin to a Chinese restaurant for dinner. Later, while driving home，I talked about the fine Chinese food we'd just had.
"Was that Chinese food?" my cousin exclaimed. “Oh, I didn't know. “ It must have tasted too Indian for him to realise it.
Meanwhile, like countless others, my village has transformed over the past decades. Many people wear modern clothes and TV brings cricket into local homes. There's even an English- language school，where you can hear kids giggling，yelling，flirting —all in English，but with an Indian accent. Just like the Chinese food you get in India.
Are these foreign influences something to worry about? I don't think so. India's Chinese food tastes pretty good to me!
31. What can we infer about the author?
A. He was a supporter of British rule in India.
B. He came from a wealthy family.
C. His family was unpopular in the village.
D. He was partly educated in Britain.
32. Which of the following are mentioned by the author as British influences on Indian society?
a. Place names
b. Language
c. Food
d. Architecture
e. Sport
f. Education
A. a, b, d, e
B. b, d, e, f
C. a, b, e, f
D. b, c, e, f
33. Why does the author use the example of Chinese food in India?
A. To show how foreign customs are adapted to suit local conditions.
B. To argue that overseas influences have enriched the lives of local people.
C. To explain why foreign influences on local culture should be limited.
D. To indicate the loss of local cultural traditions resulting from foreign influences.
34. In the last part of the passage, the author again refers to his village to show .
A. life there has improved a lot
B. its culture has become less Indian
C. culture continues to change over time
D. his disapproval of modern youth
35. The main purpose of the passage is to .
A. inform
B. persuade
C. describe
D. criticise
C
Are you an optimist? Do you look at your glass and see it as half full? Do you believe that every cloud has a silver lining and that generally things turn out for the best? Do you believe that if something is meant to be, it will be? If you reply "yes" to all of these questions, then you are an optimist. You probably are enthusiastic，cheerful and outgoing. You may well be successful at work and in love.
But you may be misguided because things don't turn out for the best. You may believe that when one door closes another one opens (for example，you may fail to land a new job，another chance will come around soon), Wrong. When one door closes, another door slams in your face. That's bitter reality.
Now a book has been published which confirms what we pessimists (悲观者）have suspected all along. It's called The Positive Power of Defensive Pessimism. Its author argues that defensive
pessimism can lead to positive results. Defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear，anxiety and worry. Defensive pessimists prepare for things by setting low outcomes for themselves. They carefully consider everything that may go wrong and plan for ways to handle these problems. And this gives them a sense of control. Lawrence Sanno, a psychology professor, says, "What's interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people, so their low opinion of the situation's outcomes is not realistic. They use it to motivate themselves to perform better. ”
So far, so good. This is not rocket science. Defensive pessimists prepare carefully and consider what might go wrong, whether at work, on a date or even in a sports game. It makes sense to have a back-up plan. There are many sayings in English urging caution. For example, “Don't put all your eggs in one basket," and “Don't count your chickens until they hatch. “To have a confident and optimistic approach to life's problems is good. But listen to what Woody Alien ，the American comedian says, ”Confidence is what you have before you understand the problem.“There are pros and cons to being an optimist and a pessimist. Don't feel bad if you see the glass half empty. You are a realist. But lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the same glass half full.
36. What is the passage mainly about?
A. A book that has recently been published.
B. The dangers of being too optimistic.
C. The benefits of defensive pessimism.
D. How to become successful in life.
37. The underli ned word “ it" in paragraph 3 refers to_____.
A. the final outcome
B. their low opinion
C. people's motivation
D. their performance
38. The underlined sentence “This is not rocket science" in paragraph 4 means_____.
A. the cost is not so high
B. there is no real proof
C. it's not a dangerous thing to do
D. it is quite simple to understand
39. The writer would probably describe himself as_____.
A. an optimist
B. a realist
C. a defeatist
D. a scientist
40. Which of the following English expressions would a defensive pessimist believe?
A. “Every cloud has a silver lining.
B. "The glass is half full not half empty. ，
C. "Whatever will be, will be.
D. “Don't put all your eggs in one basket.
D
During lectures, my students often ask which is the most difficult language to learn. It's not easy to answer because there are many factors to take into consideration. For a person's first language these factors are unimportant because people learn their mother tongue naturally. So the question of how hard a language is to learn is only relevant when learning a second language.
Studies have shown that native speakers of Spanish find Portuguese much easier to learn than, say, native speakers of Chinese, because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different. So a person's first language affects their learning of a second language. The greater the differences between a second language and the first, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many Westerners think that Chinese is the hardest language to learn because of its writing system
and pronunciation. But for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing is less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.
A recent study reported that British embassy staff found that the second hardest language to learn was Japanese. More surprising was the language that they found most problematic — Hungarian. In this case the issue was not the writing system (as both English and Hungarian use a similar alphabet) but grammatical complexity. Hungarian has 35 cases (forms of a noun according to whether it is subject, object, genitive, etc. ) and it was this that caused the British diplomatic personnel most difficulty. One suspects they would have even more problems with Tabassaran, a Caucasian language with 48 cases, if they ever had to learn it.
Teachers and the circumstances in which a language is learned also play important roles，as does each learner's motivation for learning. If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their day-to-day life.
Put simply，no language is easy Io learn well，though languages which are related to our first language are easier. Learning a completely different writing system is a huge challenge, but that does not necessarily make a language more difficult than another. In the end, it is impossible to say that there is one language that is the most difficult language in the world.
41. According to the passage, who is likely to have the most difficulty learning a new language?
A. A Korean person learning French.
B. A Spanish person learning Portuguese.
C. A German person learning English.
D. A Chinese person learning Japanese.
42. Which language do British embassy staff find most difficult to learn? .
A. Japanese.
B. Caucasian.
C. Hungarian.
D. Tabassaran.
43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor affecting language learning?
A. The amount of time spent studying the new language.
B. The environment in which language learning takes place.
C. The reasons a person has for learning the new language.
D. The similarity between a person's first language and the new language.
44. Why does the author believe there's no single hardest language?
A. All languages are equally difficult to learn well.
B. With enough effort, any language can be learned well.
C. There is not enough evidence to make any final conclusion.
D. People's background and learning situations determine which language is hardest.
45. The writer is probably_____.
A. a language learner
B. a language teacher
C. a newspaper journalist
D. an embassy official
III 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）
你校英语角的模拟市长论坛将就“As mayor, I will…”这一话题展开讨论。以下是你发言的思路图：
【写作内容】
请根据以上思路图写一篇发言稿，包括以下内容：
1. 总体设想；
2. 城市规划的几个方面的内容。
【写作要求】
只能用5个句子表达全部内容。
【评分标准】：
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
参考词汇：经济：economy 可持续性的：sustainable
第二节读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）
阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文Q
More and more parents are sending their children on "micro-foreign study tours“. Parents hope these tours, typically 10 to 14 days travelling through English-speaking countries such as America or the UK, will help improve their children's language proficiency as well as provide them with a greater understanding of the local customs and culture.
But while these tours are “micro" in terms of time, they certainly aren't micro in price. The average tour costs RMB 30,000 ！
And just how useful are they? First of all，participating children don't have much time to “study”. They typically attend a few morning lessons then travel to some world-famous universities or scenic spots in the afternoon and on the weekend. Their exposure to the local culture comes mainly during the time they stay with a local family, usually 2 or 3 days. For the rest of the tour they are with their Chinese classmates，almost always speaking Chinese. And on some tours ，organizers take students, who are often too young to make sensible decisions, on shopping trips where they're encouraged to buy all kinds of useless "souvenirs". No wonder when they return, most children talk of the "fun we had，’and "places we saw’’rather than the "things we learnt".
So some parents are now having second thoughts about the value of these micro-foreign study tours. How much do they really help their children? Are they worth the money? And finally，are the tours meant for study or just for pleasure?
【写作内容】
1. 以约30词概括上文的主要内容。
2. 以约120词对父母送孩子出国游学的现象进行讨论，内容包括：
(1) 你是否赞成文中对出国游学的看法？
(2) 以你或他人的经历说明你的观点；
(3) 如果有机会，你愿意参加什么样的出国游学？
【写作要求】
(1) 在作文中可以使用_己亲身的经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
(2) 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
【评分标准】
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
一，完形填空
1-5 BDCAC 6-10 DACBC 11-15 BACBC
二．语法填空
16 though/although 17. and 18 improving 19 latest 20. to 21. is spent/ will be spent 22 which 23. employment 24. their 25 whether
三，阅读理解
26-30 BBDAC 31-35 BCACB 36-40 CBDBD 41-45 ACADB
四，信息匹配
46-50 DCAEB
五，基础写作
As mayor, I’ll focus on the sustainable development of the city with better transport and economy, smarter citizens and a cleaner environment. I will expand the city’s public transportation system, which will make getting round more convenient and comfortable. As a means of developing the city’s economy, I promise to create more jobs for my citizens. Education is our future, so I will put in/invest more money to improve our schools’ conditions and build more quality schools. Finally, I will create more parks and plant more trees as I believe a greener life is essential to the future of our city.
六．任务型写作
Version I
This passage talks about micro-foreign study tours and its expected benefits for children. However, given children’s actual experience on study tours, many parents are now questioning its true value.
I think such worries are unnecessary. Travelling abroad, whether for study or for pleasure, is a good way for students to broaden their horizon and become more sophisticated. My friend Dave went on such a tour, and said it was the most rewarding experience of his life. He attended a two-week course at Oxford University and then travelled to different parts of the UK, all of which helped him learn more about the history, culture and society of Britain. He was so impressed by the academic atmosphere of at Oxford University that now he is dreaming of studying there in the future.
My own dream is to travel to America, attend some lectures in my dream university, Harvard University and travel to different parts of the country with local students. This way I may have more opportunities to speak English and learn more about the country’s culture and life.
Version II
More and more parents engage their children in the expensive micro-foreign study tours. However they fail to see the expected results and begin to question the value of the study tours.
I couldn’t agree more with the author. Students on such tours seldom improve their spoken English, gain a shallow understanding of foreign customs, and return loaded with shopping rather than cultural enrichment.
I went on such a tour four years ago. I still remember how other students behaved in class: they are all obsessed with their own business and paid no attention to the teachers. They were quite “enjoying” foreign classrooms: whispering and laughing, reading Chinese romantic novels, playing game-boys, or just chatting online.
Obviously, experiences like this don’t make any educational sense. Perhaps, if tours involve students not only from China, but also from other countries, it will force students to communicate in English, which, at least in my opinion will greatly improve their communicative English skills.
2012届高三二模化学题 一、单项选择题（本题包括6小题，每小题4分，共24分。每小题只有一个 ．．．．选项符合题意）7．下列说法正确的是 A．乙烯和苯都能与溴水发生反应 B．溴乙烷和乙醇都能发生消去反应 C．淀粉和蛋白质均可作为生产葡萄糖的原料 D．乙酸乙酯和纤维素乙酸酯均可水解生成乙醇 8 9 10 11 4432 12．短周期元素甲、乙、丙、丁的原子序数依次增大。甲的最高价氧化物与乙的氢化物同时通入水中，得到的生成物既可与酸反应又可与碱反应。丙位于第ⅠA族，丁原子的核外电子总数是其最外层电子数的3倍。则 A．气态氢化物的稳定性：乙< 丁 B．原子半径：甲< 乙 C．丙的两种氧化物都是离子化合物 D．甲、乙、丁的最高价氧化物对应的水化物酸性依次增强
二、双项选择题（本题包括2小题，每小题6分，共12分。每小题有两个选项符合题意。若只选一个且正确得3分，但只要选错就得0分） 22．Li-SOCl 2电池可用于心脏起搏器。电极材料分别为锂和碳，电解液是LiAlCl 4—SOCl 2。电池的总反应可表示为：4Li+2SOCl 2＝4LiCl +S +SO 2。电池工作时，下列说法正确的是 A ．锂电极发生还原反应 B ．电子通过外电路从锂电极流向碳电极 C ．每生成1mol SO 2转移4mol 电子 D ．SOCl 2既是氧化剂又是还原剂 ．对实验Ⅰ~Ⅳ的实验现象预测正确的是 A ．实验Ⅰ试管中红色溶液逐渐变成无色溶液 B ．实验Ⅱ试管中出现淡黄色浑浊 C ．实验Ⅲ碳棒上有无色气泡产生 D ．实验Ⅳ中酸性KMnO 4溶液中出现气泡且颜色逐渐褪去 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ 碎瓷片 浸有石蜡油的石棉 酸性KMnO 4 盐桥 电流计 C Fe FeSO 4 H 2SO 4 稀HCl 含酚酞的Na 2SiO 3溶液 FeCl 3溶液 Na 2SO 3 70％硫酸
广州市2020年中考二模语文试题（II）卷 姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________ 一、基础知识综合 1 . 阅读下面语段，按要求答题。 ①就人性而言，没有人天生就勇敢，在任何时候、碰到任何事情都能挺身而出，大多数人都是（A.苍黄反复 B.自相矛盾）的，有时qiè懦，有时勇敢，②换言之，每个人身上既有“负能量”，又有“正能量”，如果人人都输送“正能量”，这个社会就会变得美好，反之则会显得灰暗。③“最美司机”吴斌的事例让我们对人性有了更多的期待，当时吴斌驾驶着大客车由江苏无锡返回杭州，被突然飞入车中的重铁块砸中，在危急关头他强忍着剧痛将车辆缓缓停下，拉上手刹，开启双闪灯，用惊人的截力完成了一系列完整的安全停车措施，他用生命最后的76秒拯救了24名乘客。④虽然他的职业很平凡，________。⑤吴斌的故事说明人性中向善的一面是可以被激发的，激发“正能量”的东西叫“敬业”。⑥今天的社会之所以大力提倡“正能量”，一个很重要的原因在于社会转型期出现了各种问题，比如潜规则盛行、诚信缺失等，并且这种“负能量”传播速度很快，导致许多人面对现实有一种无力感，将生活中的一切不如意归咎于大环境。⑦当然，强调激发人性中的“正能量”，并不是要对社会问题视而不见，而是要（A.一举两全 B.一偏之言）不可偏废。 （1）给语段中加点的字注音或根据拼音写汉字。 qiè（）儒归咎（） （2）结合语境选择恰当的词语，将字母符号填在相应的位置上。 （3）语段中第③—⑤句运用了________的论证方法，作用是________。 （4）结合内容，用上合适的关联词把第④句补充完整。 二、现代文阅读 “安静与坚守” 是工匠精神的底色 陈怀瑜 ①最近，纪录片《我在故宫修文物》迅速走红，与纪录片一起走红的还有主人公——故宫文物修复师。55岁的王津师傅是他们的代表，他是国家级非物质文化遗产古代钟表修复技艺的第三代传承人，进入故宫工作已经39年了。每天早八晚五，在办公室一坐就是一天，几十年如一日，和蒙尘多年的文物打交道。
2013年市高考二模化学试题及答案 本卷可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 S-32 Fe-56 7．下列实验能达到实验目的的是 A．用乙醇萃取碘水中的碘 B．用饱和NaHCO3中除去CO2混有的HCl C．用Ba(NO3)2溶液鉴别SO32－和SO42－D．用淀粉KI溶液鉴别FeCl3溶液和溴水 8．下列说确的是 A．溴乙烷和甲醇都能发生消去反应 B．乙烯和苯都能与酸性KMnO4溶液发生反应 C．糖类和蛋白质都是人体需要的营养物质 D．纤维素和油脂的水解产物都是葡萄糖 9．设n A为阿伏加德罗常数的数值，下列说确的是 A．常温下，18g H2O中含有2n A个氢原子 B．标准状况下，22.4L 苯含有n A个苯分子 C．1mol Na与足量水反应转移2n A个电子 D．0.1 mol·L－1CH3COOH中含有0.1n A个CH3COO－10．下列物质的制取，实验操作正确的是 A．将CuCl2溶液置于蒸发皿中加热蒸干，可制取无水CuCl2固体 B．将NH4HCO3饱和溶液在蒸发皿中加热蒸干，可制取NH4 HCO3固体 C．向FeCl3饱和溶液缓慢滴入过量氨水加热，可制取Fe(OH)3胶体 D．向电石中缓慢滴入饱和食盐水，可制取C2H2 11．下列离子方程式正确的是 A．铝溶于NaOH溶液：Al + 2OH－＝AlO2－ + H2↑ B．铜溶于稀硝酸：3Cu + 8H＋+2NO3－＝3Cu2+ +2NO↑+ 4H2O C．碳酸镁中滴加稀盐酸：CO32－+2H＋＝CO2↑ + H2O D．稀硫酸中滴加氧化钡溶液：H＋+ OH－＝H2O 12．短周期元素甲、乙、丙、丁、戊的原子序数依次增大，甲是周期表中原子半径最小的元素，乙形成的气态氢化物的水溶液呈碱性，乙与丁同族，丙、丁、戊同周期，丙单质可制成半导体材料，戊的最高化合价为+7，则 A．原子半径：乙＞丁＞丙 B．非金属性：丙＞丁＞戊 C．甲与戊形成的化合物是共价化合物 D．乙、丙、丁最高价氧化物对应的水化物均是强酸 22．HA为酸性略强于醋酸的一元弱酸，常温下叙述正确的是 A．0.1 mol·L－1 HA中c(H+)＝c(OH－)+ c(A－) B．0.1 mol·L－1 HA与0.1 mol·L－1NaOH混合至溶液呈中性：c(Na +)=c(A－) C．0.1 mol·L－1 NaA中c(Na +)＞c(OH－) ＞c(A－)＞c(H+) D．0.1 mol·L－1 HA中加入少量NaA固体，HA的电离常数减小 23．下列对实验I~IV电化学的装置正确，且实验现象预测正确的是
2019年广州二模英语试题 A The country is India. A large dinner party is being given in an up-country station by a colonial official and his wife. The guests are army and government officers and their wives, and an American naturalist. At one side of the long table, a spirited discussion springs up between a young girl and an army officer. The girl insists women have long outgrown the jumping- on- a- chair -at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era, and that they are not as anxious as their grandmothers were. The officer says they are, arguing women haven't the actual nerve control of men. “A woman's reaction in any crisis, "the officer says, “is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has." The American scientist does not join in the argument but sits and watches the faces of the other guests. As he stares, he sees a slight, though strange look of anxiety come over the face of the hostess. With a small gesture she summons the servant standing behind her chair. She whispers to him. The servant's eyes widen. He turns quickly and leaves the room. No one else sees this, nor the servant when he puts a bowl of milk on the balcony outside the glass doors. The American understands. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing. It is bait for a snake. He realizes there is a cobra in the room. The American's eyes move across the room but he sees nothing. He realizes the snake can only be in one place-under the table. His first reaction is to jump back and warn the others. But he knows any sudden movement will frighten the cobra and it will strike. He speaks quickly, the quality of his voice so arresting that it quietens everyone." I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred-that's five minutes-and not one of you is to move a single muscle. Now! Ready!"
2016年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二） 英语 第I卷 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The best of adventure and sport in NSW If you want adventure, then the state of New South Wales (NSW) in Australia is the place to go. No matter what the season, you can choose from a wide variety of landscapes, climates, activities and experiences all with easy access to tour operators and local guides. For snow lovers, there’s no better place than the Snowy Mountains. Skiers and snowboarders can hit the slopes for some downhill thrills in Kosciuszko National. Park. Non-skiing adventure-seekers will enjoy hiking or snowshoeing. If water sports are more your thing, there are plenty of places to go. Surfers you’re your surfboards and head to Byron Bay, Shellharbour, or Newcastle's Merewether Beach. To see spectacular sea life up close, visit Lord Howe Island, a world-famous destination for underwater diving. The oceans, lakes and rivers around NSW offer a lifetime’s worth of exciting fishing and boating challenges. Want more Experience the rush of whitewater rafting in Jindabyne and Penrith, or go barefoot waterskiing in Port Stephens. For adventure in NSW, the sky’s the limit! Book a hot-air-balloon or helicopter ride over the stunning vineyards of the Hunter Valley, go skydiving in Wollongong, or try hang-gliding in Stanwell Park. Get to know the State’s unique and tough landscapes on a caving, canoeing or rock climbing adventure. Four-wheel-driving and off-roading tours are popular in both Country NSW and Outback NSW. Or explore parts of the State on horseback ―you’Il find great horse riding options in Sydney and throughout NSW. 21. What is the purpose of this article A. To advertise a new holiday tour. B. To describe the geography of NSW. C. To promote NSW's tourist attractions. D. To encourage people to move to NSW.
试卷类型：B 2012年广州二模 数 学(理科) 本试卷共4页，21小题，满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必用2B 铅笔在“考生号”处填涂考生号。用黑色字迹的钢 笔或签字笔将自己所在的市、县／区、学校以及自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B 铅笔将试卷类型(B)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。 2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案 信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。 3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各 题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4．作答选做题时，请先用2B 铅笔填涂选做题的题号对应的信息点，再作 答。漏涂、错涂、多涂的，答案无效。 5．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 参考公式：锥体的体积公式1 3 V Sh =，其中S 是锥体的底面积，h 是锥体的高． 一、选择题：本大题共8小题。每小题5分．满分40分．在每小题给出的四个 选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的. 1．已知i 为虚数单位，复数1z a i =+，22z i =-，且12|z ||z |=，则实数a 的值为 A ．2 B ．-2 C ．2或-2 D ．±2或0 2．设集合A={(x ，y)|2x+y=6}，B={(x ，y)|3x+2y=4}，满足C ?(A B)的集合C 的个数为 A ．1 B ．2 C ．3 D ．4 3．已知双曲线221x my +=的虚轴长是实轴长的2倍，则实数m 的值是 A ． 4 B ． 14 C ．1 4 - D ．-4 4．已知等差数列{n a }的公差为2，项数是偶数，所有奇数项之和为l5，所有偶数项之和为25，则这个数列的项数为 A ．10 B ．20 C ．30 D ．40 5．已知两条不同直线m 、l ，两个不同平面α、β，在下列条件中，可得出αβ⊥的是
2012届高三第二次模拟考试 语文试题 一、语言文字运用（15分） 1．下列各项中，每组读音都不相同的一项是（3分） A．投奔／疲于奔命复辟／鞭辟入里参拜／功过参半史乘／乘风破浪 B．剥皮／生吞活剥艾叶／自怨自艾暴躁／一暴十寒刻薄／厚此薄彼C．裨益／稗官野史诸熟／万马齐喑炮制／枹鼓相应泥淖／绰绰有余D．强拆／天寒地坼皎洁／庸中佼佼通缉／开门揖盗撩拨／烟熏火燎2．下列各句中，加点成语使用恰当的一句是（3分） A．内贾德跑到拉丁美洲访问，跟委内瑞拉的查韦斯称兄道弟，叫板美国，又到古巴跟卡斯特罗密谈多时，如此纵横捭阖，也算是一道风景。 B．鲧治水一生，最终徒劳无功，触犯天条；而他的儿子大禹却疏浚百川，名垂青史。面对肆虐的洪水，一堵一疏，一截一导，异曲同工。 C．这几个人面对菩萨一一行礼，口中还振振有词地念叨着：“菩萨饶恕我们吧。”随即拿出钢锯，一个多小时后，十八尊罗汉的头全被锯下。 D．如今汽车厂商做产品研发，都要考虑将新车设计得八面玲珑：既要外形美观，又要内饰精致；不仅动力强劲，而且驾乘舒适。 3．阅读下面的文字，回答问题。（5分） 《财经日报》近日社论指出，产业转移是一把“双刃剑”。尽管有关部门一再表态，西部承接产业不能转移污染，但这恐怕只是一个美好的愿望。诚然，西部跟东部不在一个起跑线上，西部也要吃饭，要发展，但复制东部地区的老路，以重化工业为支柱产业，往往突破了环保底线。有的部门甚至为增加税收对污染企业放任不管。专家认为，承接产业转移只是一个阶段，还要在此基础上加快本地产业升级和创新。 （1）“双刃剑”在文中的具体含义是▲。（15字以内） （2）依据上文，西部产业健康发展的对策在于▲。（20字以内）4．阅读下面的文字，按要求回答问题。（4分） “诗词教育”已成为某小学的办学特色。走进校园，不仅处处可见学生的诗词作品，就连平时搞活动，也和诗词分不开。为了营造诗词创作的氛围，学校把诗词创作和班级考评挂钩，每周检查反馈。 对学校的这种做法，有的反对，有的赞成。请以赞成者的身份，仿照反对者的句式写一句话。 反对者说：实行功利色彩的考评，助长形式主义的风气，岂不是与诗教的初衷相悖吗？ 赞成者说：▲ 二、文言文阅读（19分） 阅读下面的文言文，完成5-8题。 徐文长传 [明]袁宏道 文长为山阴秀才，大试辄不利，豪荡不羁。总督胡梅林公知之，聘为幕客。文长与胡公约：“若欲客某者，当具宾礼，非时辄得出入。”胡公皆许之。文长乃葛衣乌巾，长揖就坐，纵谈天下事，旁若无人。胡公大喜。是时公督数边兵，威振
第I卷 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 A Many people would love to leave their jobs behind and have a life-changing adventure overseas. They imagine lying under palm trees as the sun goes down. However, life overseas is not always easy, and many are not prepared for the shock of living in an alien culture. The honeymoon period At first, for those who actually decide to move abroad, life is an exciting adventure. They enjoy exploring their new surroundings, and life seems like an extended holiday. They don’t mind trying the local cuisine and discovering the local culture. They can even afford to practice their foreign-language skills without fear of making mistakes. Trouble in paradise In many cases, when people consider moving to another country, they often fail to realize how different life will be. As time goes by, they become frustrated when language and cultural misunderstandings become a daily headache. In this stage, the visitors begin to withdraw from life in the host country and avoid spending time with local people in favor of mixing with others from their own cultural background. The road to recovery Gradually, most visitors realize they must accept the differences and not fight against them. This change encourages them to improve their language skills and slowly they manage to do the things they could easily do at home, such as opening a bank account. This new-found confidence enables them to see a side of life which very few tourists get to witness. Adjusting to life abroad can often be a real problem. The secret to overcoming it is to stop trying to change your host country: you will not succeed. If not, you risk losing your dream and having to return to the old life you wanted to leave behind. 21. Why do people moving abroad feel excited at first? A. They find foreign living much easier. B. They have the necessary language skills. C. They love the adventure and exploration. D. They enjoy meeting people from different cultures. 22. According to the author, what is the main problem many people moving abroad face? A. Homesickness. B. Culture shock C. Health problems. D. Lack of employment. 23. What would the author suggest people moving abroad do? A. Study the local language. B. Go on holidays frequently. C. Learn how to open a bank account. D. Seek out people from their home country. B Australia loves interesting money. In 1988, it was the first country to replace paper money with special plastic banknotes. Now it’s introduced a new five-dollar bill so technologically advanced that many experts are calling it the money of the future! At first glance, the new note looks much like the old one. It has the same pink colour and main pictures on the front and back. But look closer, and you will notice a clear window running down the middle, surrounded by images of the yellow Prickly Moses, a type of Australian plant. Tilt（使倾斜）the note a little and you will see the Eastern Spinebill, an Australian bird, beating its wings as if trying to fly away. Turn the bill from side to side, and you will notice the picture of a small building at the bottom of the note spins, and the image of “5” changes position. While these moveable features are impressive and entertaining, that was not the reason Australian government officials spent ten years developing them. Their primary purpose was to make it impossible for criminals to produce their own fake notes. The new five-dollar note also has something to help blind people easily identify the money. It has a raised bump alongside the top and bottom, enabling blind people to quickly determine its value. The credit for persuading the Australian government to add this all-important bump goes to 15-year-old Connor McLeod. The blind Sydney teenager came up with the idea in 2014 after being unable to tell how much money he had received for Christmas. Connor says he was so embarrassed at not being able to see the difference between notes that he only carried coins to pay for food at the school cafeteria. To
2018年广州市综合测试（二）历史试题2018．4 24．西周时期“孝道”观念的核心是崇拜祖先，行孝的主要形式是祭祀；春秋时期，“孝”的对象主要是父母，行孝的主要形式是“养”和“敬”。这一变化反映了春秋时期 A．个体家庭作用的提升 B．血缘观念的淡化 C．儒家思想地位的提高 D．君主专制的建立 25．表1 表1是与汉代海昏侯刘贺有关的历史材料。据此可知 A．刘贺昏庸无道不重礼制B．当时皇室重视儒学教育 C．汉代“四书”地位超过“五经” D．刘贺以皇帝的身份下葬 26．宋代有知识分子主张重建上古时代的宗法组织，形成了以修宗谱、建宗祠、置族田、立族长、定族规为特征的新的宗族制度。高级官僚在宗族建设中起了重要作用，如范仲淹为加强本族内部的相互扶助，设立了“义庄”等。这些做法有利于 A．抑制土地兼并B．进一步完善选官制度 C．推动世俗文化发展 D．国家权力在乡村的渗透 27．元代划分行省边界时基本不考虑山川形胜，于是出现了许多跨山越岭、逾河渡江的政区。明朝时政区划分比较符合自然山川形胜。导致这一变化的原因是明代 A．形成了国家政治统一的局面B．经济重心南移 C．对地方的控制力进一步加强D．边患危机解除 28．魏源在《海国图志》中，采信地圆、地动等天文地理学说，提出圆形的地球之上，“居中之国”并不存在；他还认为“今华夷通市，正朔相通”，故比较了中国农历与西洋历法的差异，“以便稽览”。这表明魏源A．倡导“师夷长技以自强”B．主张与外国进行“商战” C．突破了传统的华夷观念D．为制度变革寻求理论依据 29．据统计，1865—1894年中国共有商办新式企业139家，创业总资本约455万两，其中上海有29家，广东有95家，从资本数量来看，上海为244．5万两，广东为184．2万两。这表明当时 A．新式企业的地区分布不平衡B．机器生产取代了手工业生产 C．政府放宽了民间设厂的限制D．广东是全国经济贸易的中心 30．表2
秘密★启用前试卷类型：B 2020届广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二） 语文 本试卷共10页，22小题，满分150分。考试用时150分钟。 注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上。 2．用2B铅笔将考生号及试卷类型（B）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如 需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。 3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使 用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。 4．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、现代文阅读(36分) （一）论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题，9分) 阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。 材料一： 幼读朱熹研究《诗经》的著作《诗集传》，心中很有疑惑：雎鸩是情挚而有别的，君子与淑女是像它们的，那么，这明明是“比”而不是“兴”了。朱子所下的赋、兴、比的界说是“赋者，敷陈其事而直言之者也。兴者，先言他物以引起所咏之词也。比者，以彼物比此物也”赋和比都容易明白，惟独兴却不懂得是怎样一回事。看《诗集传》中他所定为兴诗的许多篇，还是一个茫然。 数年来，我辑集了些歌谣，忽然在无意中悟出兴诗的意义。如“阳山头上竹叶青，新做媳妇像观音”，这里很可看出起首的一句和承接的一句是没有关系的。“新做媳妇”的美，并不在于阳山项上竹叶的发青，之所以会得这样成为无意义的联合，只因“青”与“音”是同韵。若开首就唱“新做媳妇像观音”，觉得太突兀，不如先唱了一句“阳山头上竹叶青”，于是得了陪衬，有了起势了。至于说到“阳山”，乃为它是苏州一带最高的山，容易望见，所以随口拿来开个头。这在古乐府中也有例，“孔雀东南飞，五里一徘徊” 我们懂得了这一个意思，于是用“关关雎鸠”兴起淑女与君子便不难解了。作这诗的人原只要说“窈窕淑女，君子好逑”，但嫌太单调了，太率直了，所以先说一句“关关雎鸠，在河之洲”。它的最重要的意义，只在“洲”与“逑”的协韵。至于雎鸠的情挚而有别，淑女与君子的和乐而恭敬，原是作诗的人所绝没有想到的。八百年前的郑樵，他早已见到这一层。他在《读诗易法》(《六经奥论》卷首)中说：“关关雎鸩，是作诗者一时之兴，所见在是，不谋而感于心也。凡兴者，所见在此，所得在彼，不可以事类推，不可以理义求也。”他的解释是极确切的。 在苏州的唱本中，有两句话写尽了歌者的苦闷和起兴的需要：
英语试题 I语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 In order to reduce cost, local school board officials are discussing whether or not to continue providing money for after-school programs. 1 , there should be no discussion about whether or not to continue paying for them. After-school programs are 2 . In many cities, lots of 3 have jobs, and they work long hours. So who's taking care of the kids until Mom or Dad gets home? A major benefit of after-school programs is 4 . They keep children occupied, and 5 children usually stay out of trouble. Besides, after-school programs provide educational, cultural, and personal 6 . In terms of education, research has shown that students who participate in after-school programs have a better 7 , and as a result, they attend class regularly, get better grades, and have a(n) 8 chance of graduating from high school. Also, after-school programs can 9 field trips to concerts, museums, and places that show the history of our city for 10 purposes. In after-school programs, young people may find out what they're really 11 in and decide on a future career. While they're doing a science project or preparing for a dance performance, students can develop their creativity and 12 skills. Many programs give students the chance to work together on a team. Sure, after-school programs cost money, but they're worth every dollar. Besides, help is always 13 . Our school board can apply for funds（资金）from the government and ask for 14 from local business groups .There's no good reason to 15 programs that benefit our children. 1. A. Especially B. Hopefully C. Actually D. Similarly 2. A. fundamental B. useless C. convenient D. expensive 3. A. children B. officials C. students D. parents 4.A. knowledge B. money C. safety D. happiness 5.A.busy B. young C. lonely D .poor 6. A. backgrounds B advantages C. abilities D. views 7. A. attitude B. look C. future D. result 8.A. slight B. equal C. increased D. unique 9. A. suggest B. offer C. gain D. evaluate 10. A. musical B. historical C. professional D. cultural 11. A. interested B. involved C. stuck D. included 12. A. language B. research C. teamwork D. computer 13. A. valuable B. available C. necessary D. legal 14. A. permission B. employment C. information D. support 15. A. bring B. expect C. develop D. reduce 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卷标号为16～25的相应位置上。 Orville and Wilbur Wright were the two American brothers that invented the first
广州市2017届高三第二次模拟考试 语文试题 本试题卷共10页，22题。全卷满分150分。考试用时150分钟。 ★祝考试顺利★ 【注意事项】 1．答卷前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用合乎要求的2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 4．选考题的作答：先把所选题目的题号在答题卡上指定的位置用2B铅笔涂黑。答案写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 5．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。 第Ⅰ卷阅读题（70分） 一、现代文阅读（35分） （一）论述类文本阅读（9分，每小题3分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。 文学的、日常的和科学的这几种语言在用法上是有区别的。文学没有专门隶属于自己的媒介，在语言用法上无疑存在着许多混合的形式和微妙的转折变化。要把科学语言与文学语言区别开来还比较容易；然而，仅仅将它们看作是“思想”与“情感”或“感觉”之间的不同，还是不够的。文学必定包含思想，而感情的语言也决非文学所仅有，这只要听听一对情人的谈话或一场普通的吵嘴就可以明白。尽管如此，理想的科学语言仍纯然是“直指式的”：它要求语言符号与指称对象一一吻合。语言符号完全是人为的，因此一种符号可以被相当的另一种符号代替；语言符号又是简洁明了的，即不假思索就可以告诉我们它所指称的对象。 文学语言有很多歧义。每一种在历史过程中形成的语言，都拥有大量的同音异义字（词）以及诸如语法上的“性”等专断的、不合理的分类，并且充满着历史上的事件、记忆和联想。简而言之，它是高度“内涵”的。再说，文学语言远非仅仅用来指称或说明什么，它还有表现情意的一面，可以传达说话者和作者的语调和态度。它不仅陈述和表达所要说的意思，而且要影响读者的态度，要劝说读者并最终改变读者的想法。文学和科学的语言之间还有另外一个更重要的区别，即文学语言强调文字符号本身的意义，强调语词的声音象征。人们发明出各种文学技巧来突出强调这一点，如格律、头韵和声音模式等。 与科学语言不同的这些特点，在不同类型的文学作品中又有不同程度之分，例如声音模式在小说中就不如在某些抒情诗中那么重要，抒情诗有时就因此难以完全翻译出来。在一部“客观的小说”中，作者的态度可能已经伪装起来或者几乎隐藏不见了，因此表现情意的因素将远比在“表现自我的抒情诗”中少。语言的实用成分在“纯”诗中显得无足轻重，而在一部有目的的小说、一首讽刺，诗或一首教谕诗里，则可能占有很大的比重。再者，语言的理智化程度也有很大的不同：哲理诗和教谕诗以及问题小说中的语言，至少有时就与语言的科学用法很接近。文学语言深深地植狠于语言的历史结构中，强调对符号本身的注意，并且具有表现情意和实用的一面，而科学语言总是尽可能地消除这两方面的因素。 日常用语也有表现情意的作用，不过表现的程度和方式不等：可以是官方的一份平淡无奇的公告，也可以是情急而发的激动言辞。虽然日常语言有时也用来获致近似于科学语言的那种精确性，但它有许许多多地方还是非理性的，带有历史性语言的种种语境变化。日常用语仅仅在有的时候注意到符号本身。在名称和动作的语音象征中，或者在双关语中，确实表现出对符号本身的注意。毋庸置疑，日常语言往往极其着意于达到某种目的，即要影响对方的行为和态度。但是仅把日常语言局限于人们之间的相互交流是错误的。一个孩子说了半天的话，可以不要一个听众；一个成年人也会跟别人几乎毫无意义地闲聊。这些都说明语言有许多用场，不必硬性地限于交流，或者至少不是主要地用于交流。 （摘自[美]勒内·韦勒克、奥斯汀·沃伦《文学理论》）1．下列关于“文学语言”的表述，不正确的一项是 A．文学语言表现情感、感觉，也包含一定的思想，能够明确地告诉读者它所指称的对