牛津高中英语模块一（第1讲）
【教学内容与教学要求】
一、教学内容：
牛津高中英语模块一Unit 1 （上）
二、教学要求：
1．掌握和校园生活有关的常用单词、词组与句型。
2．学会描述校园生活和学校设施。
High school is a time of discovery, learning and hard work!高中是探索、学习和辛勤劳动的时期Huge campus and low-rise building 学校面积大，没有高层建筑。
Twelve laboratories are available for different experiments.12个实验室可供不同试验使用。Each room comes with its own bothroom and Internet access.每个房间都有自己的卫生间和英特网接口。
3．学习阅读技巧：skimming&scanning。
4．语法：定语从句（一）
【知识重点与学习难点】
一、重要单词：
access achieve attend assembly article available average canteen club challenging context donate display experience extra graduate gym heading locker low-rise literature poster relax
二、重点词组：
class teacher 班主任at ease with 和….相处不拘束school hours学校作息时间earn respect from 赢得…的尊敬sound like听起来象for free 免费get a general idea 了解大意as well as 除….以外, 也key words 关键词word by word 逐字逐句地find one’s way around 认识路develop an interest in 培养对….的兴趣surf the Internet网上冲浪
【难点讲解】
1.What is your dream school life like?
你理想中的学校生活是什么样子?
这里dream表示心目中最理想的. 如dream team (梦之队)。
2.Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for
me.
去一所英国中学读书一年对我来说是一次令人愉快和兴奋的经历。
Going在本句里作动名词，它和后面的to a British high school for one year构成动名词短语作句子的主语。Go to a British high school本来是个动词词组，在go 后面加上ing 后，它就具备名词的特性可以在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语。
动词的现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语，但所表达的意思不同, 现在分词作定语常表示“令人…”、“正在….”;例如exciting news, sleeping dog; 过去分词则有被动或完成的意思,常表示“感到….的”、“被….的”,例如：an excited crowd of people, broken heart.
3.I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and
ends about 3.30 p.m.
我对英国学校的作息时间很满意因为学校大约上午9点开始上课，下午3点半左右放学。
Be happy with=be pleased with, around=about。
4.This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m.
这意味着我可以晚一小时起床，因为在中国学校8点钟上课。
as adv.同样地, 被看作, 象
prep.当做
conj.与...一样, 当...之时, 象, 因为
本单元多次出现as, 用法各不相同,应注意比较。另外as 还可以构成一些常用词组：as if 就好像, as far as就….而言, so as to以便于, as for至于, such as例如，等等。
mean: 意味着, 后面通常加名词或宾语从句。例如：
The attack of Pear Harbor meant a declaration of war with the United States.
The raise of salary means that I can send my daughter to a better school.
5.He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve
high grades.
他还告诉我们赢得学校尊敬的最好方法是努力学习并取得好成绩。
The best way to do sth is to…..结构用来表达做某事的最好方法是….., 例如:
The best way to learn English is to use it as often as possible.
6.I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit
challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English.
我发现这儿的家庭作业没有我原来学校的多，但一开始对我有些挑战性，因为所有作业都是英语的。
As…..as, 中间加形容词或副词,一般要连接两个相同的句子成分, 请比较下面两句话: You hate him as much as I (=You hate him as much as I hate him).
You hate him as much as me(=You hate him as much as you hate me).
Used to 过去常常, 隐含的意思是现在的情况已经不同。例如:
She used to study very hard. ( She does not study so hard any more).
Used to 的否定形式是usedn’t to/ didn’t use to
注意：be used to sth/doing 表示习惯于….
7.Cooking was really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook food.
当我学着怎样买菜、洗菜、烧饭时，烹饪真的是一件有趣的事。
fun是名词,有趣的事情, 副词really并非修饰它,而是修饰前面的be动词was
试比较: He is really a funny guy. 和He is a really funny guy.这两句意思虽然相同, 但really修饰的对象不同,因此说话的侧重点也不同。
8.I do like eating desserts after meals as you mentioned in your article.
就像你在文章中提到的那样，我的确喜欢在饭后吃甜食。
Do、did在陈述句中，用在动词前表示强调，可译作的确、确实。
9.Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China.
完成学业之后，他开始在中国旅行。
介词upon/ on加doing相当于带as soon as 的时间状语从句。
Upon finishing his study＝As soon as he finished his study
10.Former student return from China
一位校友重中国归来
former, past, old 虽然都和过去有关，但侧重点不同。former：“过去曾经是...的、前任….”, past: “过去的” old“老的、从前的”。例如: former president前总统，past experience 以往的经验，my old school我的母校。
11.earn, achieve和gain
这三个单词的基本意思都是“get”但含义不尽相同, earn：get as the reward of work（挣，得到…作为工作的回报）, achieve：get what you want by effort(成就,通过努力达到某个目标), gain和“get”的用法最接近，它对得到的方法和内容都没有具体要求。常见搭配: earn money/ a living/ one’s respect/ one’s bread, achieve a gaol/ success/ purpose/ high grade, gain experience/ weight/ an advantage over/ time/ the upper hand( 占上风)/ ground(取得进步).
【语法】
定语从句(1)
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似，有时可以相互转换，例如：金发女孩可译作a blonde girl ，a girl with blonde hair或a girl who has blonde hair。定语从句通常由关系代词that/ which/ who/ whom/ which/ as或关系副词when/ where/ why引导，这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词, 又充当从句中的某个句子成分。请看例句：
1.Tom is the only person who can keep a cool head in time of crisis.(who指代主句中的先行词person,在从句中作主语)
2.Tom is the only friend whom(或who) I can rely on. (指代friend，在从句中作宾语, 所以常用代词who的宾格形式).
3.China is no longer the weak nation that she used to be. (关系代词that指代weak nation，在从句中作表语)
4.The school whose floor space is very limited can’t take in one more student. (关系代词whose 指代the school’s ，从句中作floor space的定语)
5.I like to go to the gym where I can have a work-out after sittiong for a day. (关系副词where指代主句中的地点状语gym 在从句中作状语)
【阅读技巧】
Skimming & Scanning
Skimming略读，skim原意是轻轻掠过表面，作为阅读技巧是指通过浏览文章标题，主题句，插图和图表等方法了解文章的大意。Skan, 本意是扫描，这里指用眼光快速扫视书报等材料寻找我们想要的信息。他们的区别在于Skimming是为了了解文章的大意,而Scanning是为了寻找某些具体信息。Skimming & Scanning都是快速阅读的重要策略，也是信息时代我们必备的技能。尤其是在阅读英语时，注重练习Skimming & Scanning可以帮助克服逐字逐句的阅读习惯（如finger-point reading, lip reading），提高阅读速度。
【同步练习】
一、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：
1．I still remember the time _______ I first became a high school student.
2. There are many places in London _______ you can buy a cup of coffee.
3. That is the reason _____ he is so keen on school activities.
4. China is a country_______ history can be dated back to 3000 BC.
5. He is driving a car ______ can travel at 150 mile per hour.
6. He has to fly to all the major cities of the world ______ his company has set up offices.
7. The lady _____ we met in the bar is eyeing us from the corner .
8.We are facing the same problem ____ we did years ago.
二、将下列每组句子合成一个带定语从句的复合句：
1.The anti-Japanese aggression war broke out on July the 7th. It lasted for eight years.
2.On his website we saw some photos. Mr. Lee took these photos in Europe.
3.On the way to school I saw some trees. Their leaves were eaten up by insects.
4.Shelley likes to spend her leisure time in the students’ union. She can meet many international
students there.
5.Jane’s father wants her to be a singer. He himself has always wanted to be a singer himself.
牛津高中英语模块一（第二讲）
【教学内容与教学要求】
一、教学内容：
牛津高中英语模块一Unit 1 （下）
二、教学要求：
1．掌握和学校活动有关的常用单词、词组与句型。
2．学会用英语写通知和海报。
3．语法：定语从句（二）
【知识重点与学习难点】
一、重要单词：
contest, replace, possession, complete, include, programme, present(v), event, item, venue, timetable, compare, issue, order, dynasty, professor, unnecessary, attractive, underline, approve, , generation, require, scary, design, draft, wording, previous, finalize, poem, poet, confident, run(manage,operate), host, hostess, advertise,vote.
二、重点词组：
refer to 指, function as当作…使用, 具有….的功能, leave out省略, relate to 和…相关, pay attention to注意, in short form用宿略的形式, take place发生, make decision作决定, make comparison作比较, take turns轮流, follow the outline按照纲要, be responsible for对…负责, consist of包含,由…构成, come up with想出, base on根据, have it approved by…征得…..的同意, inform sb of sth告知, sign up签名参加.
【难点讲解】
1. I have to do my home work in a place that has desks and chairs.
我必须在一个有课桌椅的地方做家庭作业。
I don’t want to study in a room where desks and chairs are too small.
我不想在桌椅太小的房间里学习。
第一句里定语从句that has desks and chairs的关系代词that指代主句中的名词room，作从句的主语；第二句里定语从句where desks and chairs are too small的关系副词where 指代主句中的in a room, 在从句中是地点状语。试比较：
1）This is the beach where(on which) many North Europeans spend their summer holidays.
2）This is the beach that(which) has white sand and palm trees.
上一句的beach是北欧人度假的地方，在这个地方是地点状语，所以用关系副词where 指代; 下一句中有白沙和棕榈树的是beach，它是从句的主语，所有以用关系代词that来指代。
2. Besides, I might be reading the books in your father’s bookcases instead.
除此之外，我也许会只顾看你爸爸书橱里的书，而不是去做作业。
She will be reading newspapers and magazines instead of doing her homework.
她将会忙着看报纸杂志而不是做作业。
“might be reading”，“will be reading”属于“情态动词＋be+doing”的结构，表示对某个时间正在发生的事情的预言、推测或期待。例如：
I shall be lying in bed and watching my fvourite football game by the time he finishes his homework..等他做完家庭作业时，我早就会躺在床上看我喜爱的足球比赛了。“instead，instead of ”都表示“代替，而不是….”“instead”通常需要承接上文才能表达完整的意思，“instead of ”则可以在一句话中表达做了和没做的事情。例如：
1）We didn’t go home after school. We went to a net café instead.
→Instead of going home after school, we went to a net café.
2) Students in UK don’t have lots of home work.. They have many school activities.
→Students in UK have many school activities instead of homework.
3. A programme is a plan of activities to be done or things to be achieved.
规划是指要进行的活动或要完成任务的计划。
划线部分是不定式的被动语态作定语，表示要做的事情。
4.The more choices you have, the better your final decisions will be.
相当于：If you have more choice (条件状语从句为一般现在时), you will make better decision（主句用将来时）. 你的选择越多，最后的决定就越好。“The+比较级（adj/adv）或含比较级的词组，the+另一个比较级（adj/adv）或含比较级的词组”, 表示“越……
就越…..”。
5.Your teacher has received an e-mail from a friend asking her about a history book from your
school library.
你的老师收到一位朋友的电子邮件，询问你们学校图书馆里的一本历史书。
划线部分是现在分词短语作定语，补充说明宾语e-mail 的内容。
6.ISBN ( International Standard Book Number) 国际标准图书编号
ISSN （International Standard Serial Number）国际标准期刊编号
7．make常见的动宾搭配:make tea/coffee 沏茶、冲咖啡, make friends交朋友, make mistakes犯错误, make trouble惹麻烦, make a suggestion提建议, make a fire生火, make faces做鬼脸, make a decision做决定, make comparasions作比较, make a living谋生, make money挣钱, make a request提要求, make an application申请。
【写作】通知和海报
通知是上级对下级、组织对成员或平行单位之间部署工作、传达事情或召开会议等所使用的应用文。以布告形式贴出，把事情通知有关人员，如学生、观众等，通常不用称呼；通知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时。
例一：布告形式的通知：通常此类通知上方正中写Notice或NOTICE（通知），发出通知的的单位的具体名称可放在正文前，也可放在正文后，右下角处，发出通知的日期写在左下角处。例如
NOTICE
All mumbers of the students’union are requested to meet in the school conference room on Saturday,Sept18th,at2:00p.m.to discuss questions of international culture exchanges with New Zealand high school band.
Sept.14,2005
海报的形式和媒体没有特殊要求，它要先用简明、生动的图文吸引过往人群的注意力，再以简洁扼要的文字、图表介绍你要向公众发布的信息。文字部分一般包括主题句或主题词和条理清楚、简单明了的内容介绍。下面是一个网上海报，供大家参考：
Make a poster explaining a safety rule.
It should give us a good Stay Alert message.
If your poster wins you will receive a SASS T-shirt and it will appear in the
SASS Gallery.
Stay Alert ... Stay Safe
P.O. Box 93006,
499 Main St. S.
Brampton, Ontario
L6Y 1N0
【语法】定语从句(2)
1．定语从句中关系代词that、which 用来指代物，who 、whom和that 用来指代人，whose 用来表示所属关系，关系副词when、where和why指代时间、地点和原因。
2．关系代词的用法
(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：
All that I have is my love for this land.
There isn’t much that we can do to ease his pain.
(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which。例如：
The last person that we want to invite to our house is Uncle Sam.
No nation that is capable of such atrocity can be trusted by its neighbours.
(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：
There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.
(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似。例如：
She failed in her attempt to catch the prince’s attention, which was a great disappointment to her mother.
(5) 如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。
(6) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
(7) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用who 或whom，不用which。例如：
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
(8)关系代词that/which/who/whom在从句中作宾语时可以省略。例如：
The girl (whom) you just saw is the cheer leader of our football club.
Every moment(that) we spent in the UK will be a precious memory for us.
As在定语从句中的用法
一. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
（１）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
（２）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如：
The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.
二．关系副词引导的定语从句
1．关系副词也可以引导定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间．地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。例如：
We shall always remember the day when Japan surrendered to the ally force.
This is one of the few places where you can buy top quality wine.
2. that有时也可引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因
That有时可以代替关系副词when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因，这种定语从句中的that也可以省去。例如：
That is the time(that) he arrives.
That is the reason (that) he came.
【同步练习】
一、选择适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：
1. His parents wouldn’t let him play with anyone ______ scores was poor.
A. of whom
B. whom
C. of whose
D. whose
2. She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it
B. which
C. this
D. that
3. In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could get help.
A. that
B. who
C. from whom
D. to whom
4. The day _______ he chose for his son wedding was a lucky day in the lunar calendar.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. who
5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. when
6．This monument is all ______ remains of the ancient kingdom.
A. it
B. that
C. when
D. which
7．He mentioned a book the tile of ______ I can’t remember now.
A．who B．which C．this D．what
8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.
A. which price C. the price of which
C. its price
D. the price of whose
9._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A. As
B. It
C. That
D. Which
10. He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.
A. this
B. which
C. that
D. same
11. On the wall hangs a picture, _____ color is blue.
A. whose
B. of which
C. which
D. its
12.I still remember the time ______ I first became a college student.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. when
13. Mr.Ford still talks like the man______ he was ten years ago.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. there
14. The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.
A. in which
B. in that
C. in whose
D. whose
15.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.
A. the way
B. the way in that
C. the way which
D. the way of which
16.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .
A. It’s the reason
B. That’s why
C. There’s why
D. It’s how
17. He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is
B. which I think it is
C. which I think it
D.I think which is
18. There is only one dish on the table_______ I want to eat .
A. who
B. that
C. what
D. whcih
参考答案
一、1-5 DBCCB6-10 BBCAB11-15 ADACA16-18 BAB
牛津高中英语模块一（第3讲）
【教学内容与教学要求】
一、教学内容：
牛津高中英语模块一Unit 2 （上）
二、教学要求：
1．学习谈论青少年经常遇到的问题。
2．学会戏剧脚本。
3．了解英语口语和书面语的差别。
4．语法：定语从句（三）
【知识重点与学习难点】
一、重要单词：
act(n), scene, curtain, trash, garbage, charge, adult, , behavior, teenager, punish, period, argument, relationship, force, unpleasant, character, explain, slam, vet(veterinarian), style, mess, thumb, vs(versus), plus, competition, sink, fault, boring.
二、重点词组：
common to对…来说很普遍, turn up调高声音, 出现a waste of 浪费, no more不再, spare time空余时间, force….to…强迫（某人）做, can’t wait to.. 迫不及待地要, be supposed to被期望或要求, 本应该，do with 处置, 忍受，需要be a mess/ in a mess乱成一团, leave sb in charge 委托…..负责, act like行为举止象…, go unpunished不受惩罚, go out熄灭, have one’s arm crossed双臂交叉抱在胸前, deserve to值得去做,常用否定形式表示“不配”be hard on对某人苛刻, now that既然, in the form of以的形式, than ever before 比以前任何时候都, be angry at对某事生气, even if即使, treat sb like…象一样对待, argue about为…而争吵, the cause of起因, differ in many ways在许多方面不同, fit badly非常不合身。
【难点讲解】
1.Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly.
埃里克跟着球跑进来，后面跟着一条大狗，狗走得很慢。
这句话里有两个不同层面上的状语：过去分词短语“followed by a big dog”是谓语“runs in”的伴随状语，而现在分词短语“walking very slowly”描述的是大狗跟随埃里克进来的行走方式，是动词“follow”的状语。
伴随状语通常由现在分词短语、过去分词短语或介词短语承当。当伴随动作由主语发出时，用现在分词，当伴随动作由其他人或物发出时用过去分词。例如：
He ran after the thief, shouting angrily.
She sat nervously in the grand sitting room, watched closely by the butler.
The soldiers stood silently along the pass, rifles in hand.
2.You weren’t supposed to come home until tomorrow.
你们应该明天才回家的。
be supposed to do sth:被期望或要求去做, 本应该去做。例如;
You are supposed to hand in your articles this Friday.
Girls are supposed to behave more quietly in this country.
在肯定句中until 必须和持续性动词连用时，在否定句里它主要和短暂性动词连用也可以和持续性动词连用，表示直到某时某个动作才开始。Until 还可以用在强调句中。Not until 放在句首时，句子要倒装。例如:
He slept until 8 o’clock.
He didn’t wake up till e8 o’clock.
It was not until 8 o”clock that he woke up.
Not until 8 o’clock did he wake up.
I won’t be free till Friday.
3. The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone, but Spot looks so hungry.
本该用来买狗食的钱不见了，但斑点狗看起来饿得厉害。
“with which you were to buy dog food”是定语从句, 当关系代词是介词宾语时,介词常放在关系代词之前。例如:
the village we used to live in→the village in which we used to live
主语＋be动词+不定式表示“按计划将要做”，例如;
We are to hold up the enemy while our troups retreat.
The presidential candidate is to make a speech in our town on his way to Washington.
4.We thought you were an adult, a person from whom we could expect good decisions.
我们原以为你是个成年人，一个我们可以指望他做出正确决定的人。
划线部分是“an adult”的同位语，它和“an adult”所指相同，句法功能也相同，是对“an adult”含义进一步的说明。这个同位于本身又带有定语从句from whom we could expect good decisions 。
Expect sth from sb: 期望从某人那里得到或看到某事，例如: You can never expect generosity from a miser.
5.This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished.
我们家不是一个放纵不良行为的家庭。
根据上文，this是指our family。动词go 后面可以跟形容词，表示“变得”，例如：go bad（变质）, go dry（变干）, go mad（发疯）, go international （国际化）。Go 和一些含否定意义的形容词连用，则表示“不受……的, 未被…的”,如: go unchallenged, go unnoticed.
His theory has gone unchallenged in the world for half a century.
It’s strange that such a mistake can go unnoticed in the textbook.
6.If they knew that Spot was ill and we used the money to take him to the vet…
假如他们知道Spot得了病, 而我们用那笔钱带他去看兽医的话……..
这句话用的是虚拟语气, 省略的部分是: they would understand why the money is gone and the house is a mess. 当说话人只表示一种假设的情况、一种主观愿望，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非真实时，使用虚拟语气。表示和现在事实相反时，主句用过去将来时，条件从句用一般过去时。例如:
If I were you, I should wait till next week.
I she saw you now, she wouldn’t recognize you.
7.None of us stopped to think and we should have.
我们本应当停下来想想，而我们都没有那么做。
Stop to do表示停下来去做另一件事，stop doing则表示停止正在做的事情。should have 也是一种虚拟语气，表示过去本应当做的事情。这里完整的句子应该是:
We should have stopped to think, but none of us did.
8. Can you explain to me now why the house was a mess and what you did with the cash we left? 你现在能向我解释为什么家里乱成一团，而你又把我们留下的钱拿去干什么了吗?
Be (in) a mess表示“乱成一团”；do with 表示“处理、处置”常和what 连用，它和deal with 不同，deal with 表示“处理、应付”we left 虽然只有两个单词，却是一个定语从句，它前面省略了作宾语的关系代词that或which。
【语法】定语从句(3)
一、．“介词＋关系代词”结构
(1) “介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that 。这类结构的定语从句通常可以和带关系副词的定语从句互相转换，例如：
This is a free country where everyone enjoys freedom of speech.
This is a free country in which everyone enjoys freedom of speech.
(2) from where为“介词＋关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：
We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..
(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
二、关系代词在定语从句中作主语的补语
能在定语从句中作主语的补语的关系代词只有that, 这时的that既能指人也能指物，但往往省略。例如:
When Laura was born, Bettie decided her daughter would be the singer (that)she always wanted to be.
Mr. Lee still talks like the man that he was ten years ago.
三、关系代词as和which 作主语，都可以代表前面整个句子。但由as引导的定语从句可
以前置。例如：
He saw the girl, as/which he hoped he would.
As he hoped he would, he saw the girl.
As 还可用于the same…..as, such…..as, as……as 等结构中。例如：
Such opinions as he holds sound strange to ordinary people.
We are facing the same problem as we did years ago.
【英语俗语】
英语俗语,也和其他语言一样,有许多都是由身体各个部份的名称组成的。例如：To follow your nose是指"一直走"。另外还有：To play by ear，意思是看着办。其他还有用hand 和foot这些字组成的习惯用语。
这里我们要向大家介绍由腿，也就是leg这个字组成的习惯用语：
To pull one's leg。To pull one's leg 初看起来好像和中文里的"拉后腿"的意思差不多。但是，千万不要被表面现象所迷惑。To pull one's leg的真正意思是逗别人，开别人玩笑的意思。有时候，有的朋友故意讲一些话来骗我们，后来才发现他是在开玩笑。
例如，一个大学生上了同学的当，事后他说：
例句-3: "My roommate said this girl had told him she wouldn't mind going out with me. But when I invited her to a movie, I learned he was just pulling my leg."
这个大学生说："我的同房间同学说，那个女孩愿意和我一起出去玩。可是，当我请她去看电影的时候，我才发现我那同学是逗我，开我的玩笑。"
要是这个大学生聪明一点的话,他当时就可以对他的同学说：
例句-4: "Hey, stop pulling my leg, will you! I don't believe that girl really said she likes me and would like me to take her out."
这句话的意思是："喂，你别逗我行不行！我才不信那个女孩真的说了她喜欢我，还要我邀她出去玩。"
和leg这个字有关的俗语里还有一个很有趣的说法,那就是：Break a leg! 从字面上来看，break a leg难道是断了一条腿？或是倒霉？不是，break a leg的确切意思是祝愿别人成功。例如，你的朋友明天要去参加高考，你就可以对他说：Break a leg!
Have green fingers 很会种花种菜
Green thumb就是指那些很会种花种菜的人
All thumbs手脚很笨的人
Jump in and get your feet wet到实践中去学
A kettle call the pot black 五十步笑百步
A wet blanket 扫兴的人或事
【同步练习】
一从上文中找出下列说法对应的英文：
1．一文不值：
2．鸟瞰：
3．物以类聚：
4．一矢二鸟：
5．两鸟在林不如一鸟在手：
6．早起的鸟儿有虫吃：
7．得意之物：
8．束缚手脚：
9．论资排队：
10. 胆小如鼠:
11. 招灾惹祸:
12. (对别人的批评)充耳不闻:
13. 吃苍蝇:
14. 蝇头小利:
15: 过早乐观:
牛津高中英语模块一（第四讲）
【教学内容与教学要求】
一、教学内容：
牛津高中英语模块一Unit 2 （下）
二、教学要求：
1．了解英语语调的作用。
2．学会写感谢和建议信。
3．学习编写、表演对话。
4．语法：定语从句（复习）
【知识重点与学习难点】
一、重要单词：
upset, sincerely, insist, chat, valuable, period, argument, freedom, relationship, suggest, spare, unloving, forbid, tone, frustrated, express, volume, stress, pause, exact, emotional, mood, gist, merely, regular, solve, column ,columnist, resource, proofread, version, nervous.
二、重点词组：
rising/falling tone升调、降调, talk show谈话节目, main point要点, supporting information辅助性信息, a diary entry一篇日记, be proud of为….感到骄傲, stay up late熬夜, mix up混淆, after all毕竟, take one’s advice接受建议, miss doing sth怀念以前做的某事, keep in mind记住, get it tidied up把它整理好, clean up打扫干净, make a difference要紧, provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb为某人提供, provided that假如, to one’s surprise使某人惊奇的是, as though就好像, insist on doing坚持要做, allow him his freedom允许给他自由, send sb to bed叫某人去睡觉, forbid sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事, assign roles to分派角色, argue about sth with sb为某事和某人争吵.
【难点讲解】
1. They are meant to be read aloud, and often use less formal language than other type of writing. 剧本是要被朗读的，它使用的语言没有其他文体那么正式。
“Be meant to be”+被动语态、名词或形容词，表示“应该用作、本应当作”和“be supposed to be”相似。例如：
Flowers are meant to be admired, not picked.
Sitcoms are meant to be light-hearted, but this one is full of violence.
副词aloud表示“出声’, loudly表示“大声”。注意loud可以当作副词和talk, speak, laugh连用，例如：They laughed loud and long. Can you speak a little louder?
2. You can’t write exactly the way people speak.
你不能原封不动地按照人们日常说话的习惯来写。
the way people speak在这里是方式状语，people speak是定语从句,修饰先行词the way。这句话较正式的写法可以是：
You can’t write exactly in the way that people speak.
You can’t write exactly the way in which people speak.
3. But I don’t think you are being fair at all.
但我觉得你这样做一点也不公平。
Be+being 构成了be动词的进行时，后面跟形容词或名词，表示主语当前的状况，也可以表示进行时的被动语态。例如：
You are silly.你很蠢。(对人的评价，在这里是一种人身攻击)
You are being silly你现在的行为或想法很蠢。(就事论事)
He is polite.他有礼貌。
He is being polite.他这样做是出于礼貌。
Many rivers and lakes are being polluted through out China.
4. I understand you used to spend a lot of time together back when Christina was younger.
据我所知当克里思蒂娜小的时候你和她一起度过很多时光。
I understand是访谈节目和外交场合中一个常用的辞令，它比I know, I hear, I guess更灵活，对所提及信息的来源和可信度都没有明确的说法，可以根据上下文译成“据我所知、我听说、我猜、我个人的理解是…等”, 也可以说My understanding is…….。
Back= in the past, 常出现在口语当中。
5. Many people in families become upset with each other over small problems.
许多家庭成员之间因为一些小问题彼此不愉快。
Upset 作vt/ vi 时重音在第二个音节上，过去式和过去分词同形，表示“弄翻、倾覆、扰乱、使不安”。也可作名词，重音在前。本句话里upset是过去分词，become的表语。
表示纷争的起因，用介词over. 例如：
The two countries often fight over border disputes.
They are always quarreling over minor differences.
6. Small problems become big ones, however, if they are not discussed and dealt with early on.
然而，如果不尽早商讨解决，小问题就会变成大问题。
Deal: n. 数量，a (good/ great) deal of +不可数名词，交易，如：It’s a deal(成交)；v.分配、经营。词组deal with 有和….做生意、与…有来往、对待、对付、相关、处理等意思。它作“处理”讲时，要和do with区分清楚。deal with作“处理”讲时是指“怎样对付或解决”，提问时用how; do with作“处理”讲时是指“使用、处置”，提问时用what。例如：
How did you deal with pollution in the river?—We tried to treat the city’s sewage before it poured into the river.
What did you do with the sewage?-- We treated it and recycled it for industrial use.
Early on：near the beginning“在早期、刚开始的时候”，多用于口语中。
7. Recently he has been refusing to do his homework, and instead insists on wasting his time watching DVDs and listening to foreign music.
近来他一直拒绝做他的家庭作业，固执地把时间浪费在看DVD和听外国音乐上。
Have/has been doing是现在完成进行时，指说话前一段时间一直进行或多次重复的动作。Insist on+n/doing sth: 坚持、坚决主张(做某事)；或insist＋从句“that sb (should) do sth”。要注意persist in＋n/doing sth也是“坚持”，但insist on坚持的是看法或主张,竭力主张去做某事；persist in坚持的是行为和做法，即不放弃正在进行的事情。例如:
He persisted in doing that experiment though the smell in the lab was getting worse and worse. She insisted on going out for a picnic though the sky looked ominously dark.
8. What am I to do?
我该怎么办？
相当于What shall I do? Be动词＋不定式表示按计划和情理将要或应该发生的事。例如：The president elect is to make his inaugural speech on Monday.
You are to follow his instructions to the word.
9. When I refuse to listen to him, he shouts at me and the two of us fight like crazy.
要是我拒不听从，他就对我大喊大叫，我们俩就会象疯了一样争吵。
“the two of us”我们俩，us仅指我们两人；“two of us”我们中的两个, us 所包含的人数大于二。
like crazy象疯了一样，英语口语中的习惯用法，相当于“as if we were crazy”。还可以说：like cats and dogs。
【英语语调】
语调（intonation）是一句话里声调（pitch）高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。英语有五种基本语调：升调（↗）、的降调（↙）、的升降调（∧）、降升调（∨）以及平调（→）。一句话除了词汇意义（lexical meaning）还有语调意义（intonation meaning）。所谓词汇意义就是话中所用词的意义，而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义。同样的句子，语调不同，意思就会不同，请看下例：
1）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？
B：Sorry？（↗）
Jean用升调说“Sorry”，其意思是“I didn't hear you．Could you say that again，please？”
2）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？
B：Sorry．（↙）
在对话2）中，Jean用降调说“Sorry”，显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。
首先要知道英语主要有三种语调，分别是升调，降调和降升调。
升调一般表示"不确定" "话还没有说完"或者"礼貌" 。经常用于下面几类句型中：
（1）一般疑问句（Yes-no questions） Is he coming tonight? Have you got the
tickets?
（2）反问句（Statements intended as questions） You are definitely coming? You
like it?
（3）表示安慰或鼓励（Statements intended to be soothing or encouraging.） Come
with us.
（4）重复（Repetition questions） When did you come?
说话时用"降凋"，常常给人一种"完结"的印象。所以能使用降调的句子有以下几类：
（1）陈述句（Ordinary statements） You came on Tuesday. I'd like some tea.
（2）特殊疑问句（Wh- questions） When did you come? What's the time?
（3）带命令口吻的祈使句（Imperative sentences ( strong commands) Put it over
there! Go and find it!
（4）感叹句Exclamatory sentences What an awful film that was!
如果要表示出"说话人改变主意，或话外有话之意"，就可以用"降升调"。它主要出现在下面的句式中：
（1）含有对比的陈述句Statements where contrast is implied. You can come on Tuesday but not Monday. He doesn't want it but his brother may.
（2）含保留意见的陈述句Statements which imply reservation. I know his face.
I like the colour of your dress.
（3）否认或矛盾Statements which show disagre ement or contradiction ──I can't do it. ──-You can. ──She arrived on Monday. ──-On Tuesday.
（4）警告Warning. Be careful. Don't be late.
【语法】定语从句( 复习)
【同步练习】
一、单项选择
1．The way he did it was different _______ we were used to.
A.in which
B. in what
C. from what
D. from which
2. There were dirty marks on her pants ________ she had wiped her hands.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. that
3.We had to eat standing up because we hadn’t anything _____ we could sit on.
A.which
B. where
C. what
D. that
4.Mr. Green still talks like the man ______ he was ten years ago.
A.who
B. that
C. what
D. whom
5._____ can be called a car always rolls on wheels.
A.Anything
B. Whatever
C. All that
D. Whichever
6.This is a book _______ is red.
A.of which cover
B. the cover of that
C. which cover
D. whose cover
7.They didn’t call the police till 2 hours later, ____allowed the thief enough time to escape.
A.when
B. which
C. why
D. how
8.We visited a temple yesterday, in front of_______ a small river.
A.which flew
B. that flows
C. which flows
D. where flows
9.What ________ you want her to do?
A.is
B. is it
C. that
D. is it that
10.It was two years ago ______ China was hit by SARS.
A.that
B. when
C. in which
D. then
11.It was wise of you to ______ his advice.
A.have
B. receive
C. approve
D. take
12.We take great ______ in the achievement of our nation.
A.prize
B. proud
C. pride
D. value
13.Your support will make a ______ !
A.change
B. mark
C. choice
D. difference.
14.Attributive Clause has already been ______ with in the previous unit.
A.dealt
B. deal
C. did
D. done
15.You can go out to play,_______ that you finish your work first.
A. now
B. in
C. in order
D. provided
牛津高中英语模块一（第五讲）
【教学内容与教学要求】
一、教学内容：
牛津高中英语模块一Unit 3（上）
二、教学要求：
1．学会谈论健康、锻炼，描述问题。
2．学习e-mail的写作。
3．语法：非限制性定语从句、反意疑问句。
【知识重点与学习难点】
一、重要单词：
stay(系动词：保持), slim, figure, weight, ashamed, recover, failure, contain, chemical, seldom, damage, attractive, touching, embarrassed, pressure, overweight, diet, properly, skinny, consider, fit(强健的), pill, appearance, especially, amazed, archery, squash, aerobics(有氧运动), triathlon(铁人三项), category, partial(部分的), response, purpose, confirmation, actually,
recognize.
二、重点词组：
work out锻炼、训练, go on diets/a diet实行节食, in secret私自, side effect副作用, put on weight 体重增加, lose weight减肥, be ashamed of对….感到羞耻, an exact match for和….完全匹配的…，follow one’s advice听从某人的建议, sound fun听起来象是件有趣的事, team sport团队运动, build up增强, regret doing sth后悔做了某事, risk doing sth冒做某事的风险.
三、【语法术语】
non-restrictive attributive clause非限制性定语从句, question tag反意疑问句, positive statement 肯定的陈述句, negative statement否定的陈述句, personal pronoun人称代词, auxiliary verb助动词, model verb情态动词, imperative clause祈使句.
【难点讲解】
1.What do you do to keep yourself looking good and feeling good？
你是怎样保持自己良好的外在形象和健康的身体状况的？
询问别人怎样做某事的可以用“how do you…..?”也可以用“what do you do to….?”。例如：How did you make the baby stop crying?
What did you do to make the baby stop crying?
Keep yourself looking good and feeling good是一个“动＋宾语+补语”结构，现在分词短语looking good and feeling good作宾补。
2.Dying to be thin….
这是个双关语，既可以理解成“差一点为瘦身而死”，也可以理解为“迫切希望瘦身”。课文主人公Amy因为急切希望保持苗条的身材服用了一种减肥药造成肝功能衰竭，差点丢了性命。用这个双关语作课文的标题非常巧妙。
Dying 的本意是“快要死去的，而dying to do/be+adj或dying for+n则表示“迫切希望…..”。例如：
He is dying to see his homeland again.
I’m dying for a drink of rum.
She is dying for a chance to be back on the stage.
3.I know the pressure to stay slim is a problem, especially for an actress.
我知道保持苗条的压力是一个，对于一位女演员来说更是如此。
4.I’m taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young
women here.
我在服用一种叫“”的减肥药，这种药在年轻女性中很流行。
medicine 泛指药物，尤指内服药，表示“治疗…的药”时后面跟介词for: the medicine for cold。Pill药片、药丸, ,表示“治疗…的药”时前面加定语：sleeping pills 。drug药剂、麻醉药、毒品，drug(s) 表示“治疗…的药”时和for/to treat连用。
5.She says health is priceless, and I agree, but then I look so slim at the moment.
她说健康是无价的，我同意她的说法，但是我现在看起来非常苗条。
后缀less加在名词之后表示“没有、缺乏”例如：hopeless, helpless, careless, homeless.注意，priceless和worthless, valueless的意思不同。Price指价格，加less表示“无法估价的”；worth, value指价值，加less则表示“没有价值的。
Then和but连用，起到增强语气的作用。
6.They contain a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail.
那些药里含有一种有害的化学成分，导致我肝功能衰竭。
7.I think you look great as you are.
我认为你现在这样保持自然本色看起来就很棒。
As you are是状语从句意思是“以你本来的面目”
As作连词的用法较复杂，可以表示“当….时候、因为、既然、相比、虽然，按照…做、象…一样、当做，还可以用来指代上文中提到的事情以避免重复。其中作“虽然、用来指代上文中提到的事情”两种用法比较特殊，请看例句：
Alone as he is, he does not feel lonely.
Try as you would, you could not make him change his mind.
Harry is unusually tall, as are his brothers.
8.Remember to take it slowly at first and you will build your strength up quickly.
记住刚开始锻炼时要慢些，你的体力很快就会增强。
Take 在这里意思是“从事…活动”it 指代sport/exercise。
Build up增强、增加，名词build-up,例如：
The build-up of Japanese forces makes the neighboring countries very uneasy.
9.Some sports are usually done indoors, while others are done outdoors.
一些体育活动通常是在室内进行的，另一些则是在室外。
Indoor、outdoor是形容词，只能作定语使用; indoors/outdoors是副词，作地点状语。例如：It is an indoor sport.
We can play the game indoors.
【语法】
一、非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意
高中牛津英语模块十一英译汉Unit 1 1.carpenter 2.suited 3.career 4.actually 5.so-called 6.glamorous 7.cushion 8.jet 9.baggage 10.suitcase 11.trunk 12.waiter 13.grocer 14.option https://www.doczj.com/doc/cb14116392.html,wyer 16.well-paid 17.canyon 18.zone 19.brewery 20.litre 21.shopkeeper 22.barber 23.barbershop 24.cleaner 25.rat 26.go about 27.salesgirl 28.cucumber 29.sly 30.fox 31.cast-iron 32.nerve 33.martial 34.martial art 35.weed 36.spear 37.magician 38.bath 39.bedding 40.bandage
41.ward 42.creative 43.self-confident 44.artistic 45.realistic 46.greengrocer 47.tailor 48.investigative 49.pianist 50.violinist 51.librarian 52.stewardess 53.enterprising 54.take pleasure in 55.typist Unit 2 1.Ltd (Limited) 2.engineering 3.covering 4.covering letter 5.gap 6.gap year 7.session 8.employer 9.employee 10.interviewer 11.off the top of one's head 12.have butterflies in one's stomach 13.refresh 14.yawn 15.razor 16.shaver 17.shave 18.haircut 19.conservative 20.allowance 21.make allowance(s) for 22.roundabout 23.parking 24.look somebody in the eye(s) 25.wag 26.follow something up
牛津高中英语课文翻译 牛津高中英语模块1课文翻译 Unit 1 School life in the UK 英国校园生活 Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3:30 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than usual, as school in China begin before 8 a.m. 在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。我很满意英国的上学时间，因为那里是大约9点开始上学，下午3：30放学，这意味着我可以比平常晚起床一个小时，因为在中国8点之前就开始上课了。 On the first day, all of the new students attended an assembly in the school hall. I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana. We soon became best friends. During the assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. This sounded like my school in China. 在第一天，所有新生在学校礼堂集合，我坐在一个叫做戴安娜的女孩旁边，我们很快就成为了好朋友。在集合期间，校长告诉我们关于学校的规章制度，他还告诉我们，在学校要想赢得别人的尊重，最好的方法就是努力学习，取得高分，这一点听起来跟中国的学校差不多。 I had many teachers in the past year. Mr Heywood, my class teacher, was very helpful. My favourite teacher was Miss Burke – I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature. In our class there were 28 students. This is about the average size for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names. 在过去的一年里，我有很多的老师，黑伍德先生，也就是我的班主任，对我很有帮助；我最喜欢的老师是伯尔克小姐，我喜欢她教的英国文学课。在我们班有28个同学，这差不多是英国学校的平均班额。我们在不同的教室上不同的课，上某些课的时候，班上的同学也不一样，所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字是一件难事。 I found that the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school. However, it was a bit challenging for me at first, because all the homework was in English. I felt lucky, as all my teachers gave me much encouragement and I enjoyed all my subjects: English, History, English Literature, Computer Science, Maths, Science, PE, Art, Cooking and French. 我发现这里布置的家庭作业不像我以前在原来学校时那么繁重，可是一开始我还是觉得有点挑战性，因为所有的作业都是英文的。让我感到幸运的是，所有老师都给了我极大的鼓励，也喜欢所学的科目：英语、历史、英国文学，计算机，数学、科学、体育、艺术、烹饪和法语。 My English improved a lot, as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library. I usually went to the Computer Club during the lunch break, so I could send e-mails to my family and friends back home for free. I also had an extra French class on Tuesday evenings. Cooking was really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook food. At the end of term we held a class party and we all had to cook something. I was glad that all my classmates were fond of the cake that I made. 我的英语提高了很多，因为我每天都使用英语而且我每天花一小时在图书馆看英语书，我经常在中午休息的时候去计算机俱乐部，这样我就可以免费给国内你的家人和朋友发邮件了。我还在每周二的晚上有一节法语课，烹饪课也很有趣，因为我可以学到如何购买、准备和烹饪食物，在学期末，我们有举行班级聚会，我们都需要做一些食物，让我很高兴的是我同学都很喜欢我做的蛋糕。
A friendship in trouble Dear Annie My name is Andrew. I am 17 years old and I have a problem. My best friend Mathew has stopped talking to me. We have been best friends since childhood and play together in the school football team. Last week, we had an important match against another school. The other team was superb and we really had to focus. I was determined to win, but Matthew was playing badly. He could not keep pace with the game, and as a result of his careless playing we lost. Afterwards, I got really angry with him, and I told him I thought he was not trying hard enough. He got annoyed, saying it wasn't his fault if he couldn't play as well as me, and that I shouldn't talk to him in this manner then we both started shouting at each other and it turned into a horrible argument. He accused me of some really bad things just to hurt me. I feel really guilty because I made some cruel remarks too, but I dislike seeing our team lose. Football is very important to me but so is our friendship. Since we argued, he hasn't spoken to me even though we sit next to each other in class. It's really awkward. He is usually cheerful and outgoing, but he has been really quiet and looks sad. The things he said hurt me too, but he has not apologized to me. Yesterday, I saw him talking to another boy, Peter, and I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his friend instead of me. I told my brother about the quarrel, but he said Matthew is just too sensitive and perhaps a little bitter，because I am really athletic and good at football, and that I had better find another friend. What should I do? Yours truly Andrew.
Advance with English Module 10 Student's Book 牛津高中英语模块十学生用书 Unit 1 Building the future 第一单元建设未来 Pages 2-3 Reading Part B 第2到3页阅读B部分 M10U1 Reading: Teach a man to fish授人以渔 In 1985, there was little rainfall in Ethiopia, which led to poor harvests and the death of many of the country‘s cattle. The gravity of the situation shocked Bob Geldof, an Irish musician, so he organized a charity concert called Live Aid to raise money for the victims of hunger in Ethiopia. The concert took place on 13 July 1985 in two places—London and Philadelphia—and included the biggest stars of the time. Geldof intended the concert to raise money for hunger relief and to make the public more aware of the problem. In the end, $100 million was raised, which was used to buy food and to provide help with development projects in Ethiopia. The concert also made the headlines around the world, and put great pressure on politicians and statesmen to do something about the problem of world hunger. Live Aid was in 1985, but for many people in the developing world, disease and poverty are still a serious problem. According to the United Nations, ten million people die every year of starvation or problems related to having a poor diet. In fact, hunger is the world‘s number one health risk, killing more people than any disease. In wrestling with the dilemma of worldwide hunger, the United Nations set up an agency called the World Food Programme(WFP) in 1963. The WFP has organized a number of programmes, including the Food-for-Life programme, which sends emergency food aid to countries during times of trouble; the Food-for-Growth programme, which targets people most at risk, such as babies, pregnant women and old people; and the Food-for-Work programme, which helps people without jobs support themselves by giving them work and paying them in food aid. Through programmes like these, the WFP has helped more than one billion people since it was set up. This is beyond doubt an amazing achievement, but is it enough? Today, some developing countries in Africa, Asia and South America stand at a crossroads. While they are seeing great development, they are still poorer than many countries in other parts of the world, and there is a danger that they could fall further behind developed countries. They need help, but the sad truth is that merely sending loaves of bread is not enough. It is only a short-term solution to a long-term problem. There is a saying that goes, ?Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, and you feed him for t he rest of his life.‘ In order to find a permanent solution to this long-term problem, countries need to develop so that they can either grow the food they need, or have enough money to buy this food on the world market. What developing countries really need to do is to stop poverty by fighting the causes of it. One
高中英语模块一UNIT3 一、重要单词： 1.make make up 编造；化妆make out 看出，辨认出；理解；填写，写出，拼凑 make up for 弥补be made up of(=consist of) 由……组成 make up one’s mind下定决心，打定主意 2.stay/remain stay up late 熬夜stay young/healthy 保持年轻/健康remain (to be) very weak 任然很虚弱3.exercise take more exercise 多锻炼 a good form of exercise 一个良好的训练形式 do a lot of exercises in English grammar 进行大量的英语语法练习 do morning/eye exercises 做早操/眼保健操 4.die die from……(polluted air,overwork) 死于（外因） die of……(cancer,grief,hunger,anger) 死于（内因） be dying for sth/to do sth. 渴望做某事deadly disease 致命的疾病 die happy 安乐死die out 绝种die down （风力、声音等）渐渐消失，平息，变弱5.辨析：another 同类的另一个，接可数名词单数或接数词加可数名词复数 the other 常用语one……the other…… the others （有范围的）其他的 others （无范围的）其他的 6.辨析：especially 尤其（=particularly） particularly 尤其（in particular）；对……挑剔（be particularly about） 【注：particular in spring 尤其在春天（不能用especially）】specially 特别、专程（例如at a special price） 7.weigh[v.] weight[n.] weighty[adj.] put on weight 增重lose weight 减肥 weigh two kg 重达两千克（不用被动语态）have one’s luggage weighed 给行李称过重 8.agree agree to do sth. 同意做某事agree that……同意…… agree with one’s ideas/what sb. does 同意某人的观点/所做的事 agree to……(term,plan,proposal,suggestion,advice) 同意/接受 agree on……在……上达成共识 9.recover[v.] recovery[n.] recover from……从……中恢复过recover oneself 恢复神智 recover sth. from 从中找回某物；重新获得 10.match match sb. in sth. 在某方面比得过某人match……=go with 和……相配 a good match for 对……来说很得体strike a match 擦火柴 11.辨析：damage毁坏，损害，损失，不如destroy严重，且一定程度上可恢复 destroy （毁灭性的）破坏，程度很深 harm 对……有害（do harm to），暗示不良后果 ruin 破坏（美好的东西）（in ruins变成废墟）
牛津英语模块3译文 Appendix I: Translation Unit 1 Reading 雾 比尔·洛 浓雾警报 那天早晨波莉离家时，整个城市已笼罩在灰色的薄雾中。午餐时分，收音机预报说，薄雾将会在下午变成浓雾。下午四点，波莉下了班，步入了浓雾中。她不知道公交车是否还会照常运行。 没有到国王大街的巴士 一走到街上，她就快步向平常乘车的公交车站走去。 “您要坐多远？”巴士售票员收下她的车费前问道。 “国王大街。”波莉答道。 “对不起，小姐，”售票员回答说，“现实情况是雾太浓了，公交车跑不了那么远。乘地铁到格林公园吧。那里的天气可能好一点，您也许能叫到一辆出租车。” 高个子男人 当波莉打量地铁车厢里的乘客时，她感到她正被一个穿着黑色大衣的高个子男人注视着。地铁终于到达了格林公园站。当其他乘客走出车厢时，她扫视了一下她周围的一张张面孔。那个高个子男人不见了。 脚步声 当波莉到达车站入口处时，那里空无一人。外面，她目光所及之处，雾像浓密的灰云一样聚积着。什么人也看不见。波莉朝着公园大街走去。当她沿着狭窄的街道行走时，她听到了由远及近的脚步声，但当她走到街道拐角处时，脚步声却消失了，突然，波莉感到有一只粗糙的手拂过她的脸颊'并且她还听到了一个男人在她耳边说“对不起”的声音。那个男人走开了。她能感到她的心脏因害怕而怦怦地直跳。 热心的陌生人 然后，她又听到了那种声音——在她身后响起的轻柔的脚步声。一分钟前，她曾希望有人跟着来。现在她则想跑开，可恐惧让她挪不动脚步。脚步声这会儿似乎很近了。接着，一个男人的声音从黑暗中传来：“有人吗？” 波莉犹豫了。最终她还是回答道：“你好，我想我是迷路了。” 几秒钟后，一只手伸过来抓住了她的胳膊。波莉抬头看去，发现是一位长着络腮胡子的老人。 “也许我能帮你。你想去哪条路？”他问道。 “我住在国王大街86号，”波莉答道。 “只要拉着我的手就成，”老人说，“跟着我走，不会有事的。”他拉住波莉的手。“小心这里的台阶。” 老人的另一只手里攥着一根手杖。波莉能听见它敲击台阶的声音。“我还记得几次糟糕的大雾，不过那可能都是在你出生之前的事了。我看不见你的脸，但你听起来挺年轻。你多大了？” “刚20岁，”波莉答道。 “啊，20岁，多好的年纪啊。我也年轻过。现在我们到了十字路口了。这里向左转。” “我是彻底迷路了。您肯定你认识路吗？”波莉又开始感到害怕了。 “当然肯定，你真的不用担心。”老人将她的手握得更紧了。 感恩的帮助者 “我们到了。国王大街。”老人停住了脚步。
牛津高中英语模块一（第1讲） 【教学内容与教学要求】 一、教学内容： 牛津高中英语模块一Unit 1 （上） 二、教学要求： 1．掌握和校园生活有关的常用单词、词组与句型。 2．学会描述校园生活和学校设施。 High school is a time of discovery, learning and hard work!高中是探索、学习和辛勤劳动的时期Huge campus and low-rise building 学校面积大，没有高层建筑。 Twelve laboratories are available for different experiments.12个实验室可供不同试验使用。 Each room comes with its own bothroom and Internet access.每个房间都有自己的卫生间和英特网接口。 3．学习阅读技巧：skimming&scanning。 4．语法：定语从句（一） 【知识重点与学习难点】 一、重要单词： access achieve attend assembly article available average canteen club challenging context donate display experience extra graduate gym heading locker low-rise literature poster relax 二、重点词组： class teacher 班主任at ease with 和….相处不拘束school hours学校作息时间earn respect from 赢得…的尊敬sound like听起来象for free 免费get a general idea 了解大意as well as 除….以外, 也key words 关键词word by word 逐字逐句地find one’s way around 认识路develop an interest in 培养对….的兴趣surf the Internet网上冲浪 【难点讲解】 1.What is your dream school life like? 你理想中的学校生活是什么样子? 这里dream表示心目中最理想的. 如dream team (梦之队)。
牛津高中英语模块三语言点 Unit 1 The world of our senses 一、Reading 1. (Page 2, Line 7) Once out in the street, she walked…… 如果从句和主句的主语一致，或者从句的主语为it，同时从句中含有be的适当形式，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，留下分词、介词短语等成分作状语，表示时间、原因、方式、让步、伴随状态等含义。从句前可以加上适当的连词，使从句的含义更加明确。 ① Once（it is）seen，it will be never forgotten. ②When (you are) in the street, you’d better be careful. ③ While (you are) reading, underline the key words. 2. this: adv.这么that much: 那么多 that: adv.那么He isn’t this / that tall. 3. observe: vt. (1) 观察，注意到(2) 遵守(3) 庆祝 observer: n.目击者，观察者，观测员，观察员 ① She observed that the pond was drying up. ② observe the speed limit. ③ observe the Christmas Day. ④ The UN sent a team of observers to the peace talks. 4. glance at sth: 瞥一眼，匆匆看，扫视 at first glance: 乍一看 ① He glanced at nervously at his watch. ② At first glance, the palace seemed deserted. 5. stare at sth: 盯着，凝视 glare at sth: 怒目而视，瞪着 ① He stared at the diamond with great amazement. ② Tom didn’t shout. He just glared at me silently. 6. nowhere: adv.无处，到处都不 n. [U] 无处 be nowhere to be seen / found / heard: 哪儿也见∕找∕听不到 nowhere else: 没有别的地方 get nowhere: 没有结果∕进展 ① Such case is nowhere to be found. ② I have nowhere else to go. ③ It’s a good idea but it will get nowhere without more financial support. ④ Nowhere else can you find a more beautiful view. 7. narrow: adj.窄的，狭隘的；勉强的；精确的 vt. & vi. (使)变窄，缩小 ◆◆narrowly: adv. 勉强地；严密地，仔细地 ① He has a narrow mind. 他度量很小。 ② a narrow escape from death: 九死一生 ③ What does the word mean in its narrowest sense? ④ In order to widen the road he had to narrow the pavement. ⑤The road narrows here. ⑥He narrowly escaped drowning.
牛津高中英语模块十一单词表 Unit1 1.carpenter木工，木匠n. 2.suited合适，适当a. 3.career职业，生涯；事业n. 4.actually实际上，事实上ad. 5.so-called所谓的；人称……的a. 6.glamorous有吸引力的，迷人的，非同凡响的a. 7.cushion坐垫，靠垫，垫子n. 8.jet喷气式飞机n. 9.baggage行李n. 10.suitcase手提箱n. 11.trunk旅行箱；树干；象鼻n. 12.waiter（男）服务员n. 13.grocer食品杂货商n. 14.option选择；选修课n. https://www.doczj.com/doc/cb14116392.html,wyer律师n. 16.well-paid薪酬丰厚的a. 17.canyon峡谷n. 18.zone地带，区域n. 19.brewery啤酒厂n. 20.litre升（容量单位）n. 21.shopkeeper（小商店）店主n. 22.barber（为男士理发、修面的）理发师n. 23.barbershop（男士）理发店n. 24.cleaner清洁工；吸尘器；清洁剂n. 25.rat老鼠n. 26.goabout忙于某事；继续做某事 27.salesgirl女店员，女售货员n. 28.cucumber黄瓜n 29.sly狡猾的，诡诈的a. 30.fox狐狸n. 31.cast-iron坚强的；铸铁制的a. 32.nerve神经；勇气n. 33.martial战争的，军事的a. 34.martialart武术（常用复数形式） 35.weed杂草n.除草vt. 36.spear矛；标枪n. 37.magician魔术师；巫师n. 38.bath洗澡；浴缸n. 39.bedding被褥，铺盖n. 40.bandage绷带n.用绷带包扎vt. 41.ward病房；选区n. 42.creative有创造力的；创造性的a.
牛津高中英语模块一到模块五单词表 牛津高中英语模块一词汇表】 ※ Unit 1 enjoyable experience assembly headmaster 有乐趣的 经历，体验 集会，会议 校长 earn respect devote literature average struggle 事；斗争； challenging encouragement cooking for free extra fond be fond of Spanish 牙人(的) sculpture dessert look back (on) satisfaction surf academic exchange former graducate fluent painting donate kindness splendid independent make use of 获得；赚，挣得 尊敬，敬重 致力于；献身 文学 一般的，普通的；平均的 奋斗，努力；挣扎， 努力 具有挑战性的 鼓励 做饭；烹饪，烹调 免费 额外的，外加的 喜爱的，喜欢的 喜爱，喜欢 西班牙语（的） ；西班 雕像，雕塑 甜点 回忆，回顾 满意 冲浪 学业的，学术的 交换；交流 以前的 毕业生，毕业 流利的 绘画，绘画作品 捐赠 善意 极佳的，非常好的 独立的 利用 title （书的）名称；（文章的）题 目，篇名 dynasty 朝代，王朝 somehow 不知为什么； 不知怎么 地 recent 新近的，最近的 professor 教授 inform 通知，告知 opening hours 开放时间 run 管理；操作 host 主持人；主人，东道主 approve 批准，通过；赞成，同意 charge 使承担责任；收费，负责， 掌管 in charge of 负责，掌管 schoolmate 同学，校友 croadcast 广播，播放 preparation 准备，筹备 event （重要）事件；社交活动； 比赛项目 outing 短途旅行，远足 graduation 毕业 poet 诗人 generation 一代，一代人 literary 文学的 select 选择，挑选 courtyard 庭院，院子 composition 作品，成分 难 act （戏剧的）一幕 curtain 窗帘；（舞台上的）帷幕 can't wait to do something 迫不及待地做某事 soccer < 美> 英式足球，足球 frightened 受惊的；害怕的 be supposed to 应该 ??，应 当?? bend （使）弯曲，弯腰，屈身
Unit 1 1.betray（vt.）背叛，出 卖betrayal（n.）betray one’s country feel betrayed 2.quiz（n.）小测验 3.pretend（v.）假装；扮 作 pretend to do/that… 老师进来的时候，他假装在看书。 He pretended ____ when the teacher came in. =He pretended that he was
reading… 4.cheer ful(adj.)愉快的， 高兴的；令人愉快的5.washroom(n.)洗手间， 厕所 =restroom/bathroom/to ilet 6.admit(v.)承认；允许进 入；接纳admitted, admitted admission(n.)承认；准许进入；入场费 admit (to) doing/having done
be admitted to/into a college/hospital free admission (to…) 他承认考试作弊了。 He admitted ___________ in the exam. 7.beg(v.)请求，恳求；乞 讨beggar(n.) beg sb to do 8.swear(v.)发誓；咒骂 swore, sworn 9.spy（v.）从事间谍活动 (n.)间谍 spy on sb暗中监视，窥探
10.truly(adv.)真诚地，诚 恳地，衷心地 11.forgive(v.)原谅 forgave, forgiven forgiving adj.宽容的forgiveness n. forgive sb for sth a forgiving mother ask for one’s forgiveness 12.sincere ly(adv.)真诚地 sincerity n. 13.childhood(n.)童年 14.superb（adj.）极佳的； 卓越的
Appendix I: Translation Unit 1 Reading 雾 比尔·洛 浓雾警报 那天早晨波莉离家时，整个城市已笼罩在灰色的薄雾中。午餐时分，收音机预报说，薄雾将会在下午变成浓雾。下午四点，波莉下了班，步入了浓雾中。她不知道公交车是否还会照常运行。 没有到国王大街的巴士 一走到街上，她就快步向平常乘车的公交车站走去。 “您要坐多远”巴士售票员收下她的车费前问道。 “国王大街。”波莉答道。 “对不起，小姐，”售票员回答说，“现实情况是雾太浓了，公交车跑不了那么远。乘地铁到格林公园吧。那里的天气可能好一点，您也许能叫到一辆出租车。” 高个子男人 当波莉打量地铁车厢里的乘客时，她感到她正被一个穿着黑色大衣的高个子男人注视着。地铁终于到达了格林公园站。当其他乘客走出车厢时，她扫视了一下她周围的一张张面孔。那个高个子男人不见了。 脚步声 当波莉到达车站入口处时，那里空无一人。外面，她目光所及之处，雾像浓密的灰云一样聚积着。什么人也看不见。波莉朝着公园大街走去。当她沿着狭窄的街道行走时，她听到了由远及近的脚步声，但当她走到街道拐角处时，脚步声却消失了，突然，波莉感到有一只粗糙的手拂过她的脸颊'并且她还听到了一个男人在她耳边说“对不起”的声音。那个男人走开了。她能感到她的心脏因害怕而怦怦地直跳。 热心的陌生人 然后，她又听到了那种声音——在她身后响起的轻柔的脚步声。一分钟前，她曾希望有人跟着来。现在她则想跑开，可恐惧让她挪不动脚步。脚步声这会儿似乎很近了。接着，一个男人的声音从黑暗中传来：“有人吗” 波莉犹豫了。最终她还是回答道：“你好，我想我是迷路了。” 几秒钟后，一只手伸过来抓住了她的胳膊。波莉抬头看去，发现是一位长着络腮胡子的老人。 “也许我能帮你。你想去哪条路”他问道。 “我住在国王大街86号，”波莉答道。 “只要拉着我的手就成，”老人说，“跟着我走，不会有事的。”他拉住波莉的手。“小心这里的台阶。” 老人的另一只手里攥着一根手杖。波莉能听见它敲击台阶的声音。“我还记得几次糟糕的大雾，不过那可能都是在你出生之前的事了。我看不见你的脸，但你听起来挺年轻。你多大了” “刚20岁，”波莉答道。 “啊，20岁，多好的年纪啊。我也年轻过。现在我们到了十字路口了。这里向左转。” “我是彻底迷路了。您肯定你认识路吗”波莉又开始感到害怕了。 “当然肯定，你真的不用担心。”老人将她的手握得更紧了。 感恩的帮助者 “我们到了。国王大街。”老人停住了脚步。 “非常感谢您帮忙，”波莉如释重负地说道，“您愿意进屋休息会儿么” “你真客气，”老人说道，“不过我还是得走了，可能今天还会有更多人迷路，我想帮帮他们。你瞧，像今天这么大的雾是很少见的。这给了我一个机会，来回报晴天时人们给我的帮助。像我这样的盲人没人
译林牛津高中英语模块五课文翻译M5U1；Reading秘密和谎言；亲爱的安妮：我觉得我的朋友汉娜背叛了我；几乎每天都在一起；但我们喜欢那样；星期一那天，我们搞了一次突袭性的数学小测验；担心考试成绩；了，我肯定能取得好成绩；最低分！我感到非常羞愧，这么简单的小测验没能及格；后来，我假装很开心，但汉娜还是觉察到哪儿有点不对；女子洗手间时，我承认考得有多么糟糕；保守秘密；但是第二天，当我走进数 M5 U1 Reading 秘密和谎言 亲爱的安妮：我觉得我的朋友汉娜背叛了我。从小学起我俩就是最好的朋友，几乎每天都在一起。因为我们成绩好，喜爱学习，其他同学有时会说我俩没趣，但我们喜欢那样。我们都很用功，成绩在学校一直很优秀。 星期一那天，我们搞了一次突袭性的数学小测验。我以为它非常简单，一点也不担心考试成绩。小测验之后，我说起话来听上去一定洋洋自得，说它实在太简单了，我肯定能取得好成绩。第二天下课后，我的数学老师却告诉我，我得了全班最低分！我感到非常羞愧，这么简单的小测验没能及格，我真是笨极了！ 后来，我假装很开心，但汉娜还是觉察到哪儿有点不对劲。午餐前，我们一起去女子洗手间时，我承认考得有多么糟糕。我求她不要告诉任何人，她说她会替我保守秘密。 但是第二天，当我走进数学课教室时，我就注意到同学们在盯着我看。当我坐下时，我惊讶地发现桌子上有一张纸，上面写着：“笨蛋萨拉得了D等！”我难过得想哭。我想汉娜一定是在答应过我不会告诉任何人之后将我的成绩告诉了同学们。大家一定都在背后嘲笑我！
我非常生气，径直走到汉纳跟前，告诉她我们不再是朋友了，因为她不能信守诺言。她很不安，发誓说她没有告诉任何人。但是，能看到成绩的人只有老师和学生自己。她说一定是有人在洗手间偷听我们的谈话，但我不相信她的解释。我想我永远也不会真正地原谅她。现在，我失去了我最好的朋友。我该怎么办呢？ 你真诚的，萨拉陷入困境的友谊。 亲爱的安妮：我叫安德鲁。我17岁，碰到了一个难题。我最好的朋友马修已经停止跟我说话了。我们从小就是好朋友，一起在学校足球队踢球。上个星期，我们与另一所学校的球队有一场非常重要的比赛。那支球队很棒，我们必须集中精力。我下决心一定要赢得比赛，但马修踢得很糟糕。他跟不上比赛的节奏。由于他的漫不经心，我们输了球赛。 后来，我非常生他的气，并告诉他说我觉得他没有尽全力。他也被惹火了，说如果他的球技不如我那可不是他的错，还说我不该以这种方式和他说话。然后我们俩都开始冲着对方大喊大叫，结果我们的喊叫变成了可怕的争执。他指责我做了一些非常不好的事情，只是为了伤害我。我感到很内疚，因为我也说了一些残酷无情的话，但我不喜欢看到我们队输球。足球对我很重要，但我们的友谊也同样很重要。 虽然我们在教室里是邻座，但自从吵架之后，他便没有和我说过话。这实在令人尴尬。他通常开朗外向，但最近一直沉默寡言，显得很难受。他说的那些话也伤害了我，但他并未向我道歉。 昨天，我看见他和另一个男孩彼得说话，我不禁想知道他是不是想让彼得取代我做他最好的朋友。我把吵架的事告诉了我哥哥，但他说马修只是太敏感，可能还有一点嫉妒，因为我身强体壮，足球踢得很好。他说我最好另找一个朋友。我该怎么办呢？ 你真诚的 安德鲁