2005年10月SAT写作真题及要点解答

2005年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试Paper OnePartⅠ Dialogue Communication (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A Dialogue Completion1.A: Why don‟t you have dinner with me tonight?B:A.Because I have an appointment.B.Sorry about that, but I have to go to a party.C.The reason is that I have to work overtime tonight.D.I‟d love to, but I have to finish my paper.2.A: I‟m afraid I have spilled some coffee on the tablecloth.B:A. Oh, don‟t worry about that.B. You needn‟t apologize.C. I feel sorry for that.D. Oh, you shouldn‟t have done that.3. A: You seem to have a lot of work to do in your office. You‟ve always been working overtime. B:A. You are right, but don‟t you know the meaning of work?B. Sorry, I don‟t think so. I get overpaid for overwork, you know.C. That‟s right. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.D. That‟s right, but the work is interesting. I don‟t mind some extra hours at all.4. A: George, I would like to introduce a friend of mine, if I may: Albert Snow. Albert, this is George Smith. B:A. How have you been?B. Pleased to meet you, George.C. Mind if call you George?D. The pleasure‟s mine.5. A: Excuse me. I don‟t want to interrupt you…B:A. No, no. It‟s quite all right.B. Well, never mind.C. It won‟t bother me.D. Of course not.Section B Dialogue Comprehension6. Man: I saw John yesterday. You know what? He was driving a luxurious car.Woman: He rented it. He often makes believe that he is a millionaire.Question: What does the woman mean?A. Everyone believes that John is a millionaire.B. John dreams of becoming a millionaire.C. John dreams of having a luxurious car.D. John pretends to be a millionaire.7. Woman: I can hardly go on. The work is so tough.Man: Don‟t lose heart. I‟ll back you up all the time.Question: What does the man mean?A. He will help the woman with her work.B. He will support the woman.C. He will do the work for the woman.D. He will encourage the woman.8. Man: I didn‟t know you got a promotion. Why didn‟t you tell me earlier so that we could have celebrated it? Woman: I guess it slipped my mind. My mind was lost to other things because of work.Question: What does the woman mean?A. She felt lost with her work.B. She had a poor memory.C. She forgot to tell him.D. She had to go to work.9. Man: The new Chevy Chase film was terrific!Woman: Oh, come off it, Al. Chevy Chase is a great comedian, but he sure didn‟t show it in that movie. Question: What does the woman think of the movie?A. It‟s great comedy.B. It‟s typical Chevy Chase film.10. Woman: You haven‟t said a word about my dress, Dave. Don‟t you like it?Man: I‟m sorry I didn‟t say anything about it sooner. I don‟t think I‟ve seen anything like is before.Question: What does the man probably think of the dress?A. It is in fashion.B. It surely is unique.C. It is a bit old-fashioned.D. It surely suits her.Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A11.Should English classes be compulsory at the elementary or primary school level in countrieswhere it is not the native language?A. requiredB. necessaryC. selectedD. permanent讲义3．Next semester, Susan must take three compulsory courses.A. formalB. voluntaryC. practicalD. required12.In the end, both attacks and defenses of the free market and conventional economics haveimmense philosophical implications.A. traditionalB. novelC. capital-centeredD. consumption-centered 讲义9. Tiny atomic electric batteries have certain advantages over the ______ storage batteries.A. universalB. inclusiveC. indefinite22. The girl of ten has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.A. regularB. specificC. extraordinary13.Applicant will be asked to provide information on how they will disseminate information toother students at their university or college.A. discloseB. deliverC. spreadD. analyze14.In general, the British people belong to one of the more affluent countries of Europe and enjoy ahigh standard of living compared to the rest of the world.A. plentifulB. powerfulC. friendlyD. wealthy15.To absorb a younger work force, many companies offered retirement plans as incentives forolder workers to retire and make way for the younger ones who earned lower salaries.A. rewardsB. opportunitiesC. motivesD. stimuli讲义2. The fun of playing the game was a greater incentive than the prize.A. motiveB. initiativeC. excitementD. entertainment16.Their business flourished at its new location a year later owing to their joint efforts and hardwork.A. prevailedB. failedC. boomedD. shrank讲义：11. The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once ______.A. thrivedB. swelledC. prospered17.The pressure on her from her family caused her to resort to the drastic measures.A. turn toB. keep toC. stick toD. lead to18.I shall never forget the look of intense anguish on the face of his parents when they heard thenews.A. stressB. dilemmaC. miseryD. surprise19.If minor disputes are left unsettled, tough ones will pile up sooner or later.A. accumulateB. vanishC. lingerD. emerge20.The police tried in vain to break up the protest crowds in front of the government building.A. unskillfullyB. violentlyC. ineffectivelyD. eventuallyyour department.A. satisfactionB. gratitude D. sincerity讲义：1. I' d like to take this opportunity to extend my heart-felt gratitude to the host.A. increaseB. prolongC. intensifyD. express22.The objective of this popular consultation is to determine, , the final political status of theregion, whether to remain part of the country as a special district, or to part from it.A. once upon a timeB. once and againC. all at onceD. once and for all从前一而再，屡次断然地, 坚决地23.The two countries will assign counter-drug officials to their respective embassies ona basis.A. fundamentalB. similarC. reciprocal 互惠的D. reasonable24.Tennessee‟s population is nearly two-fifths rural, and no single city or group ofcities the state.A. dominatesB. managesC. manipulatesD. controls25.We all know that in a situation like this a cool head is .A. called forB. called offC. called onD. called up讲义：9. A well-written composition ______ good choice of words and clear organization among other things.A. calls onB. calls forC. calls upD. calls off26.The destruction an earthquake causes depends on its and duration, or the amount ofshaking that occurs.A. altitudeB. magnitudeC. multitudeD. aptitude讲义：35. In my opinion, you can widen the ______ of these improvements through your active participation.A. dimensionB. volume D. scope27.The El Nino has affected the regional weather and temperature over much of the tropics,sub-tropics and some mid-latitude areas.A. externallyB. consistentlyC. insistentlyD. internally28.During all these years of absence he had a tender feeling for his mother and the family.A. enclosedB. huggedC. enrichedD. cherished29.The choice for a consumer, therefore, is the choice among the available ones that willenable him or her to maximize utility.A. optimalB. optionalC. opticalD. optimistic30.Mrs. Smith tears when she heard her daughter had died in the road accident.A. broke inB. broke upC. broke throughD. broke intoPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 25 points)Passage OneIt was Friday, the day of the field trip on which Miss Joan would take her class to pick apples.Miss Joan enjoyed picking apples with her students. She smiled as she led her students to the bus that would take them to the Greenly Apple Orchard（果园）.The bus ride was bumpy and the kids were a little noisy, but still Miss Joan was smiling.The bus stopped in front of the Greenly Orchard Store and the class got off quickly and quietly. Miss Joan made sure everyone was there. “What a glorious,sunny, apple picking day,” Miss Joan announced with her grandest smile.Mr. Greenly was there to greet them. “Let see, there are eighteen children and two adults atMiss Joan held u p the brochure in her hand. “It says that the price is two dollars each,”she pointed ort. “That‟s what I collected from everyone.”“We‟ve had to raise the price,” Mr. Greenly stated.“You sent me this brochure after we made our reservation,” Miss Joan complained, “and it says two dollars!”“Miss Joan, if you look at the bottom of this brochure,” Mr. Greenly said, “you‟ll notice a very important statement.”Sure enough, in very tiny letters, it said, “Prices are subject to change without notice.”Miss Joan was determined to keep her good mood. She took a twenty dollars bill out of her own purse and handed it to Mr. Greenly with the forty dollars she had in an envelope.“Now children, do you all have your baskets?” Miss Joan called out. “Remember, you can pic k as many apples six apples each.”“I beg your pardon!”Miss Joan was not smiling now. “The brochure says,…ALL YOU CAN PICK‟!”Mr. Greenly pointed to the tiniest letters Miss Joan had ever almost seen. It also says, “Terms and conditions of group reservat ions are subject to change without notice.”Miss Joan‟s good mood was now history. She didn‟t want to set a bad example for her students, so she said in a calm and quiet voice, “We‟re going home, give me our money back, please.”31.How many dollars did Miss Joan hand to Mr. Greenly?A. 20.B. 40.C. 60.D. 1832.The phrase “subject to change without notice” suggests .A.Mr. Greenly could change the terms at will.B.the customers should read the brochure carefullyC.Mr. Greenly could determine what apples to be picked.D.the customers should be informed beforehand.33.The students could not pick as many apples as they would like because .A.they were children.B. there were not enough apples.C. they had made a group reservation.D. they would eat up too many apples.34.“Miss Joan‟s good mood was now history?”(the last paragraph) means .A.Miss Joan had been happy until that moment.B.Miss Joan was no longer interested in history.C.Miss Joan taught her students the history of the orchard.D.Miss Joan was good at concealing her feelings35.What can we learn about Miss Joan from the story?A. She did not read the brochure carefully.B. She made a reservation after seeing the brochure.C. She lost her temper in the end.D. She didn‟t know h ow to complain.Passage TwoBoth civilization and culture are fairly modern words, having come into prominent use during the 19th century by anthropologists(人类学家), historians, and literary figures. There has been a strong tendency to use them interchangeably as though they mean the same thing, but they are not the same.Although modern in their usage, the two words derived from ancient Latin. The word civilization is based on the Latin civis, of a city. Thus civilization, in its most essential meaning, isit would seem that certain insects, such as ants or bees, are also civilized. They live and work together in social groups. So do some microorganisms. But there is more to civilization, and that is what culture brings to it. So, civilization is inseparable from culture.The word culture is derived from the Latin verb colere, till the soil. But colere also has a wider range of meanings. It may, like civis, mean inhabiting a town or village. But most of its definitions suggest a process of starting and promoting growth and development. One may cultivate a garden; one may also cultivate one‟s interests, mind, and abilities. In its modern use the word culture refers to all the positive aspects and achievements of humanity that make mankind different from the rest of the animal world. Culture has grown out of creativity, a characteristic that seems to be unique to human beings.One of the basic and best-know features of civilization and culture is the presence of tools. But more important than their simple existence is that the tools are always being improved and enlarged upon, a result of creativity. It took thousands of years to get from the first wheel to the latest, most advanced model of automobile.It is the concept of humans as toolmakers and improvers that differentiates them from other animals. A monkey may use a stick to knock a banana from a tree, but that stick will never, through a monkey‟s clevernes s, be modified into a hook or a ladder. Monkeys have never devised a spoken language, written a book, composed a melody, built a house, or painted a portrait. To say that birds build nests and beavers(海狸)their dens is to miss the point. People once lived in caves, but their cleverness, imagination, and creativity led them to progress beyond caves to buildings.36. What does the author think of the words “civilization”and “culture”?A. They are identical.B. They are different concepts.C. They can often be used interchangeably.D. They are defined differently by different people.37. According to the author the word “civilization” originally refers to .A. people‟s way of life in citiesB. people‟s ability to live together in citiesC. a type of social organizationsD. an advanced level of social life38. The Latin verb colere originally means “”.A. live in a cityB. develop oneselfC. promote growthD. cultivate the land39. The author believes that creativity .A. is a unique feature of civilized beingsB. brings forth the improvement of toolsC. is the result of human developmentD. helps the advance of culture40. The author mentions monkeys in the last paragraph to show that .A. monkeys are the same as birdsB. people once lived in caves like monkeysC. monkeys can never develop into human beingsD. man is different from other animals such as monkeysPassage ThreeThe huge growth of global “ecotourism”industry is becoming an increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. Overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behaviour and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins and gorillas(大猩猩)，says a report in New Scientist.While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, it says.environmentally friendly policies and operations.”While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “many projects are p oorly designed and hint they are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations.”Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered.“Transmission of disease to wildlife, or subtle changes to wildlife health through disturbance of daily routines or increased stress levels may translate to lowered survival and breeding,” he said. Research at the University of Auckland has shown that dolphins become restless and overactive when many tourist boats are present. When three or more boats are near, the dolphins rest for 0.5 percent of the time, compared with 68 percent when they are accompanied by a single boat. The findings are backed up by studies of dolphins in Britain. Researchers at the University of Manitoba in Canada have found that male polar bears easily disturbed by tourist vehicles, with a possible effect on their heart rate and metabolism(新陈代谢). That could reduce body fat levels and fitness, critical for survival.In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their habitat by tourists and mongooses(蠓)have caught lung diseases from human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model.41. Ecotourism is meant to .A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlifeB. have wild species respond well to contact with humansC. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behaviourD. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist projects .A. really encourage people to protect wildlife and its habitatB. strictly follow environmentally friendly policiesC. actually lack proper examination and official approvalD. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species43. What will happen to wildlife ul timately if the present “ecotourism” practice goes on?A. It will disturb their life.B. It will affect their health.C. It will increase their stress.D. It will threaten their survival.44. According to the passage, the growth in the global “ecotourism” industry .A. reflects an increasing concern for conservationB. arouses a growing concern for conservationC. coincides with a mounting concern for conservationD. originates from a grater concern for conservation45. According to the passage, a solution to the “ecotourism” problem is to .A. encourage people to manage endangered speciesB. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beingsC. help wild animals increase their fitnessD. prevent wildlife from catching human diseasesComputers can beat chess champion Gary Kasparov at his game, count all the atoms in a nuclear explosion, and calculate complex figures in a fraction of a second, but they still fail at the slight differences in language translation. Artificial Intelligence computers have large amounts of memory, capable of storing huge translating dictionaries and extensive lists of grammar rules. Yet, today‟s best computer language translators have just a 60 percent accuracy rate. Scientist s are still unable to program the computer with human-like common sense reasoning power.Computer language translation is called Machine Translation, or MT. While not perfect, MT is surprisingly good. MT was designed to process dry, technical language that people find tedious to translate. Computers can translate basic phrases, such as “You foot bone‟s connected to your ankle bone, your ankle bone‟s connected to your leg bone.” They can translate more difficult phrases, such as “Which witch is which?” Computers can also accurately translate “Wild thing, you make my heart sing!” into other languages because they can understand individual words, as long as the words are pre-programmed in their dictionary.But highly sensitive types of translating, such as important diplomatic conversations, are beyond the scope of computer translating programs. Human translators use intuitional meaning, not logic, to process words and phrases into other languages. A human can properly translate the phrase, “The pen is in the pe n(围养禽畜的圈),” because most humans know that it means that a writing instrument is in a small enclosed space. Many times, computers do not have the ability to determine in which way two identical words in one sentence are to be used.In addition to using massive rule-programmed machines, computer programmers are also trying to teach computers to learn how to think for themselves through the “experience” of translating. Even with these efforts, programmers admit that a “thinking” computer might not ever be invented in the future.46. Computers today are capable of .A. defeating the best chess player in the worldB. telling subtle differences between languagesC. translating over 60 percent of difficult textsD. doing human-like common sense reasoning47. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. Computers can translate dry and difficult phrases.B. Computers can understand sensitive language.C. Computers can translate technical language.D. Computers can understand pre-programmed words.48. The major problem with computer translating programs is that computers .A. can not translate illogical sentencesB. do not have a large enough capacity of memoryC. can not understand grammatical rulesD. do not have intuition to process language49. To improve machine translation, computer programmers are trying to .A. use powerful rule-programmed computersB. teach computers to think by practiceC. have computers compile translating dictionariesD. add explanations of words in computer programs50. The passage suggests that .A. the accuracy rate of machine translation cannot be raisedB. it is impossible for computers to think as humans doC. only technical language is suitable for machine translationD. it is impossible to determine of identical wordsSeveral years ago during the dot-com passion, Manhattan lawyer John Kennedy sometimes wore a dark blue suit to meet potential Internet clients. But he soon realized that his conservative clothes were a strike against him before he even shook hands. So he began to do business in casual, open-shirt clothes.But now the tables have turned. Today Silicon Valley executives are the ones often coming out in suits. No wonder that Fortune 500 executives are dusting off their silk ties and pants.” I would say there is a trend now toward a little more business dress,” said Kennedy. “I find myself wearing suits more.”While there isn‟t a rush toward formal office wear, clothiers and executives say the workplace uniform is heading that way. In many offices, men are wearing jackets, ties and pants more frequently than a year age. Top women executives never went as casual as men, so the shift doesn‟t affect them as dramatically.“Business casual” took several years to catch on. It started with casual Fridays, evolved to casual summers, then became casual everyday. A return to the button-down look also will take time, observers say. Lehman Brothers is one of the few major firms that has officially returned to a formal dress policy, at least for offices that clients visit. Men were told to wear suits and ties and women to wear suits or dresses. The shift is due to a rethinking of work environments and more contacts with clients as the firm has grown.Observers mention many factors driving the trend. Internet companies helped lead the dress-down movement and other industries followed suit to attract workers. But with the collapse of many dot-coms, the relaxed look is becoming a style to avoid. Moreover, as the economy stumbles, more people are hunting for jobs or trying to keep the ones they have, and appearance counts.US President Bush wears a coat and tie in the White House office and expects his staff to dress “professionally,” which some say sets a tome for the nation.Chuck Wardell, managing director of a recruiting firm, believes a lot of employees like a stiffer uniform. “They‟re going to work. They don‟t want to feel like they‟re going to a picnic.”51.”Business casual” was prevalent several years ago because _____.A. the Manhattan law business grew very quicklyB. shaking hands with clients became popularC. the country was fighting the conservativesD. the Internet companies boomed then52. When the “bu siness ca sual” prevailed, _____.A. businessmen wore ties only in workplaceB. businessmen didn‟t wear ties at allC. businesswomen didn‟t wear formally in workplaceD. businesswomen still wore formally everywhere53. The Fortune 500 executives__________.A. set the trend toward more casual wearB. are particular about what they wearC. begin to wear suits more often than beforeD. are usually indifferent to fashion trend54. At the beginning of the “business casual” trend, business people wore casually___________.A. when meeting clientsB. on weekendsC. in summerD. almost every day55. It is implied in the passage that the change of business dress from the casual to the formalreflects_____.A. the changed of people‟s taste in fashionB. the ups and downs of the fashion industryC. the ups and downs of the Internet companiesD. people‟s different preference in business dressPart IV CloseThe United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries. The current annual marriage 56 in the United States ---about 9 new marriages for every 1,000 people ---is 57 higher than it is in other industrialized countries. However, marriage is 58 as widespread as it was several decades ago. 59 of American adults who are married 60 _ form 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002.This does not mean that large numbers of people will remain unmarried 61 their lives. Throughout the 20th century, about 90 percent of Americans married at some 62 in their lives. Experts_ 63 that about the same proportion of today‟s young adults will eventually marry.The timing of marriage has varied 64 over the past century. In 1995 the average age of women in the United States at the time of their first marriage was 25.The average age of men was about 27.Men and women in the United States marry for the first time at an average of five years later than people did in the 1950s. 65 ,young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any previous 66 in U.S. history. Today‟s later age of marriage is 67 the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. Moreover, a greater proportion of the population was married (95 percent)during the 1950s than at any time before 68 .Experts do not agree on why the “marriage rush” of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred, but most social scientists believe it represented a 69 to the return of peaceful life and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic 70 and war.56. A. rate B. ratio C. percentage D. poll57. A. potentially B. intentionally C. randomly D. substantially相当大的58. A. not any longer B. no more C. no longer D. not any more59. A. A proportion B. The proportion C. The number D. A number60. A. declined B. deteriorated C. deduced D. demolished61. A. past B. passing C. throughout D. through62. A. period B. level C. point D. respect63. A. project B. plan C. promise D. propose64. A . unexpectedly B. irregularly C. flexibly D. consistently65. A. Besides B. However C. Whereas D. Nevertheless66. A. descendants B. ascendants C. population D. generation67. A. according to B. in line with C. based on D. caused by68. A. and after B. or after C. or since D. ever since69. A. refusal B. realization C. response D. reality70. A. repression B. aggression C. restriction D. depressionPart V Error Detection71. It is an accepted custom for guests to take their gifts to the wedding reception when the coupleinvited them to attend.72. Some international students use a cassette recorder to make tapes of their classes so that theycan repeat the lectures again.73. Despite of diligent efforts to promote domestic production during the war years, the ContinentalArmy had to rely primarily on captures and imports for much of its military hardware and even for clothing.74. In a sense, farmers began primitive genetic engineering at the dawn of agriculture, which theykept seeds from their best plants, gradually improving the quality of successive generations.。

Passage Two Question 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. Anyone who has a fat friend or who is perhaps himself fat knows only too well now little provision our society makes for such people. Even the daily round provides numerous problems. There are few pieces of clothing that can be bought seats in cinemas or theatres are so uncomfortable that few fat people attend them. Fortunately good performances are rare. Home furniture is also hopelessly inadequate. Then there are the problems of having a bath the standard size of bath just does not allow a fat person to take up a horizontal (⽔平的) position but demands him to stand in it. In today’s world however these are minor worries in a culture where slimness is in fashion and all things desirable come to the person with an attractively thin and delicate figure. Especially in women this attribute is a must if they are to compete in the marriage market. In fact slimness is not necessarily either an ideal condition from a physiological point of view or a natural characteristic. But this is of little comfort to the fat man or women living in our present society. This fashion has been just another aspect of the desire for conformity (⼀致) we have charts showing correct weights for each height and there are whole counters in many shops given over to the display of non-fattening foods. The fat person is doubly unfortunate in that be cannot hide his non-conformity unlike so many of us who have perhaps more subtle forms of eccentricity (怪癖). In those cases where fatness is the result of over-eating it is of course a reaction to some form of inner conflict and a much less harmful one than say drug abuse. Where the over weight is due to some disorder of the body the fat person is an all-round loser for not only has he a physical illness to cope with but is mocked for having it by many people who should know better. Perhaps fashion will eventually change to allow a fat frame to become acceptable but at present it seems that the pencil-slim fashion models are in safe jobs.26. According to the writer our society fails to ______.A、prevent people from getting fatB、help fat people to lose weightC、recognize the needs of fat peopleD、inform people of weight standards27. In today’s world the biggest problem for fat women is their difficulty in ______.A、finding an ideal husbandB、buying suitable clothesC、building and attractive figureD、competing in the job market28. It is of little comfort to fat people that ______.A、slimness is not always an ideal conditionB、slimness is only a fashion at presentC、fatness is not always a physiological problemD、fatness is only a natural characteristic29. A fat person is unfortunate because ______.A、he has nowhere to hide himselfB、he has no one to turn to for helpC、he is unable to cope with his illnessD、he is unable to conceal his fatness30. The writer’s tone can best be described as one of ______.A、impatienceB、dissatisfactionC、threatD、relief Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Appreciation of sculpture(雕塑) depends upon the ability to respond to form in three dimensions. That is perhaps why sculpture has been described as the most difficult of all arts certainly it is more difficult than the arts which involve appreciation of flat forms shape in only first distinguishes only two-dimensional shape it cannot judge distances depths. Later for its personal safely and practical needs it has to develop (partly by means of touch) the ability to judge roughly three-dimensional distances. But having satisfied the requirements of practical necessity most people go no further. Though they may attain considerable accuracy in perceiving flat form they do not make the further intellectual and emotional effort needed to perceive form in its full spatial (空间的) existence. This is what the sculptor (雕塑家) must do. He must think of and use form in its full spatial completeness. He gets the solid shape as it were inside his head – he thinks of it whatever its size as if he were holding it completely in his hand. He mentally visualizes a complex form from all round itself he knows while he looks at one side what the other side is like he identifies him self with its center of gravity its mass its weight. And the sensitive observer of sculpture must also learn to feel shape simply as shape not as description. He must for example perceive an egg as a simple single solid shape quite apart from its significance as food or from the literary idea that it will become a bird a cat a heart a tree a gate a book a bone. From these he can go on toappreciate more complex forms or combinations of several forms.31. Sculpture is regarded as the most difficult of all arts because it can be appreciated only by people who ______.A、can judge roughly three-dimensional distancesB、can perceive form in its full spatial existenceC、have attained accuracy in perceiving flat formD、have met the requirements of practical necessity32. A “form-blind” man is unable to ______.A、judge two-dimensional distancesB、see objects clearly at a distanceC、distinguish two-dimensional formD、respond to form in three dimensions33. The writer implies that the sensitive observer______.A、may have trouble appreciating sculptureB、may get solid shapes inside his headC、prefers complex sculptureD、feels shape simply as shape34. The underlined phrase “the literary idea” (paragraph 3) can best be replaced by ______.A、the imaginationB、the implicationC、the simple factD、the natural law35. According to the writer the sculptor can actually _______.A、get the solid shape in his headB、put the solid shape in his handC、perceive description as shapeD、fell shape simply as shape第⼆部分⾮选择题（共50分）IV. Word spelling (10 points 1 point for two items) 将下列汉语单词译成英语。

2008年10月SAT写作真题及要点解答95.Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below:(2008.10)We are frequently told that compromise is the best way for people to work out their differences.Whenpeople compromise,with each side losing a little in order to reach a satisfactory agreement,both sidescan continue to live in harmony.However,compromise can work only when the issues at stake are notthat promise does not work when there is a genuine difference of opinion about stronglyheld principles or ideas.Assignment:Is compromise always the best way to resolve a conflict? Plan and write an essay in whichyou develop your point of view on this issue.Support your position with reasoning and examples takenfrom your reading,studies,experience,or observation.96.Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below:(2008.10)People usually assume that the quality of a decision is directly related to the time and effort that went intomaking it.We believe that we are always better off gathering as much information as possible and thenspending as much time as possible analyzing that information.But there are times when making a quickjudgment is the best thing to do.Decisions made quickly can be as good as decisions made slowly andcautiously.Adapted from Malcolm Gladwell,Blink:The Power of Thinking Without ThinkingAssignment:Are decisions made quickly just as good as decisions made slowly and carefully?Planand write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue.Support your position withreasoning and examples taken from your reading,studies,experience, or observation.97.Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below:(2008.10)It is unrealistic to think that any group of people—a family,a committee,a company,a city—can functionpeacefully and productively without some kind of authority.The needs and interests of the individualswho make up any group are too varied for its members to operate as a unit without having someone tomake the final decisions.Somebody has to be in charge;somebody has to be ultimately responsible.Assignment:Can a group of people function effectively without someone being in charge?Plan andwrite an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position withreasoning and examples taken from your reading,studies,experience, or observation.98.Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below:(2008.10)Governments,businesses,groups,or people reveal themselves by how they act,not by what they say.Acompany many claim to value its customers,or a politician may claim to be committed to a cause,butwhat do their actions say?People or groups may state what they wish were true or what they thinkothers want to hear,but it is their actions that reveal their true values.Assignment:Do actions,not words,reveal a person or group’s true attitudes and intentions?Plan andwrite an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position withreasoning and examples taken from your reading,studies,experience, or observation.。

Sat写作题目大全sat写作对于很多童鞋来说都是一件头疼的事情，今天小编就为大家汇总整理了sat写作题目大全，希望可以帮助到大家!1. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: (2005.3)Assignment: Is the opinion of the majority—in government or in any other circumstances—a poor guide? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observation.2. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: (2005.3)Assignment: Is creativity needed more than ever in the world today? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observation.3. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: (2005.3)Assignment: Are people better at making observations, discoveries, and decisions if they remain neutral and impartial? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observation.4. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: (2005.3)Assignment: Is a person responsible, through the example he or she sets, for the behavior of other people? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observation.5. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: (2005.5)引文: If you think that what you do is your own business, you are wrong. In this world your conduct affects not only you but the conduct of other people as well. If you behave in a way that is considered unacceptable and other people copy your behavior, you are responsible for the consequences.Adapted from Margaret Banning, “Letter to Susan”引文: Even scientists know that absolute objectivity has yet to be attained. It’s the same for absolute truth. But, as many news reporters have observed, the idea of objectivity as a guiding principle is too valuable to be abandoned. Without it, the pursuit of knowledge is hopelessly lost.Adapted from “Focusing Our Values,”Nieman Reports引文: Given the importance of human creativity, one would think it should have a high priority among our concerns. But if we look at the reality, we see a different picture. Basic scientific research is minimized in favor of immediate practical applications. The arts are increasingly seen as dispensable luxuries. Yet as competition heats up around the globe, exactly the opposite strategy is needed.引文: We must seriously question the idea of majority rule. The majority grinned and jeered when Columbus said the world was round. The majority threw him into a dungeon for his discoveries. Where is the logic in the notion that the opinion held by a majority of people should have the power to influence our decisions?Adapted from James A. Reed, “Majority Rule”Assignment: Do people depend on work—whether it is a job, schoolwork, orvolunteer work—to determine what their daily activities and interactions with others should be? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observation.。

2005年10月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：10056I、After each sentence, four options are given．Choose the one that best completes thesentence and write the letter of your choice in the brackets．(40%)1．Let’s take a rest and have a cup of coffee, ( )?A．shall we B．won’t weC．shall you D．won’t you2．Thousands of people were gathering in the square．( )!A．What large crowd B．What a large crowdC．How large crowd D．How a large crowd3．Many a ________ leads to the ________ that faces us now．( ) A．phenomenon．．．crisis B．phenomenon．．．crises C．phenomena．．．crisis D．phenomena．．．crises4．They are living in ( ) house．A．five-room B．five-roomsC．a five-room D．a five-rooms5．Economics ________ a vital subject．The economics of the project ________ to be examined carefully．( )A．is．．．has B．are．．．hasC．are．．．have D．is．．．have6．We find an increasing number of ( ) in the primary school．A．man teacher B．man teachersC．men teacher D．men teachers7．I’m on night duty．When you go to ________, I go to________．( )A．the bed．．．the work B．bed．．．the work C．bed．．．work D．the bed．．．work8．He listened to his parents’ ________, and reported the ________ to the police．( ) A．advice．．．information B．advices．．．information C．advice．．．informations D．advices．．．informations 9．Mandy is kind to others; ( ) friends usually speak highly of her．A．her many B．many herC．her some D．some her10056# 英语语法试题第1 页共7 页10．I saw him at ________, not at ________．( )A．my uncle．．．the Blacks B．my uncle’s．．．the Blacks C．my uncle’s．．．the Blacks’D．my uncle．．．the Blacks’11．Angel loves ________, and ________ in the vase are her favorites．( ) A．roses．．．roses B．roses．．．the roses C．the roses．．．roses D．the roses．．．the roses 12．( ) can live without food and water．A．Neither men B．Neither the men C．Neither of men D．Neither of the men 13．This is the fourteenth beer that he ( ) this evening．A．drinks B．drankC．has drunk D．had drunk14．They demand that all the facts ( ) first．A．were examined B．are examinedC．be examined D．will be examined15．I wish I ( ) in the sun by a swimming pool now．A．am lying B．were lyingC．am laying D．were laying 16．——Must I be here by ten o’clock?——No, you ( )．A．mustn’t B．can’tC．needn’t D．shouldn’t17．She ( ) be in the dormitory now, for I saw her in the classroom a minute ago．A．can’t B．wouldn’tC．mustn’t D．needn’t18．The two brothers look ________, and you can’t tell who’s ________．( ) A．like．．．elder B．alike．．．older C．alike．．．elder D．like．．．older19．________ he is, ________ he will be．( )A．Richer．．．prouder B．Richer．．．the prouder C．The richer．．．prouder D．The richer．．．the prouder 20．Sunny is ( ) of them two．A．diligent B．more diligentC．the diligent D．the more diligent10056# 英语语法试题第2 页共7 页21．When she goes to a party, she brings along her ( ) handbag．A．small black leather B．small leather blackC．black small leather D．black leather small22．The shop assistant was asked to apologize ________ the customer ________ her rudeness．( )A．for．．．for B．for．．．toC．to．．．for D．to．．．to23．His illness resulted ( ) years of hard work．A．in B．fromC．for D．to24．( ) the morning of April 20, the war broke out．A．At B．InC．On D．For25．The American literature is not familiar ________ me, but I’m familiar ________ the English literature．( )A．to．．．to B．to．．．withC．with．．．with D．with．．．to26．She’s leaving ________ New York ________ foot．( )A．for．．．by B．for．．．onC．to．．．by D．to．．．on27．All ( ) glitters is not gold．A．/ B．thatC．which D．what28．I’ll tell you ( ) I saw during my stay in Italy．A．/ B．thatC．which D．what29．I’m from a country ( ) history goes back thousands of years．A．that B．whichC．where D．whose30．She works in the hospital ( ) people regard as the best one．A．which B．in whichC．where D．what10056# 英语语法试题第3 页共7 页31．There was ( ) traffic that it took us only ten minutes to get there．A．so little B．so fewC．such little D．such few32．The child will never cry ( ) he is hungry．A．as B．unlessC．because D．since33．Bright ( ) the sun was , the air was cold．A．as B．althoughC．since D．when34．The king made many promises; ( ), he had no intention of keeping them．A．otherwise B．howeverC．therefore D．moreover35．——Will the debate go on?——Yes, I’m ( )．A．afraid so B．so afraidC．afraid not D．not afraid36．——He’s having breakfast now．——( )．A．So does his brother B．So is his brotherC．So his brother does D．So his brother is37．The coach, together with the team members, ________ disappointed at the results．That was why the team ________ going to be reorganized．( )A．was．．．was B．was．．．were C．were．．．was D．were．．．were38．In the ________ book, he predicts that man will live in ________ space in future．( ) A．latter．．．outer B．latter．．．outC．later．．．out D．later．．outer39．Her eloquence was ( ) that she moved her audience to tears．A．so B．suchC．great D．enough40．He looked ________; there must be some ________ news in the letter．( ) A．worrying．．．troubling B．worried．．．troubling C．worried．．．troubled D．worrying．．．troubled10056# 英语语法试题第4 页共7 页II、Each of the following sentences has four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Y ou are required to identify the one that is not correct and write the letter of your choice in the brackets．(10%)41．The United Nations, with its present headquarters in New York, were first established in SanA B C DFrancisco．( )42．A man responsible is one who dares to take responsibility for whatever problems mayA B Carise．( )D43．No sooner had he come into the room when he saw someone disappearing through theA B C DFrench window．( )44．China’s population is much larger than that of any country in the world．( )A B C D45．We had to sleep in our wet clothes after the long walk, this was most uncomfortable．( )A B C D46．The prisoner who has been in prison for a dozen years must escape this way, for here are hisA B C Dfootprints．( )47．Leaving alone at home, young children can get themselves into all sorts of trouble veryA B Cquickly．( )D48．It was brave for you to go into the burning building to save the child．( )A B C D49．I find it annoyed that Denis is always ringing me up when I’m in the shower．( )A B C D50．Everyone of the participants is required to bring along his own invention to the meeting forA B C Dexchange．( )III、Read the following sentences and decide what forms of the given verbs should be used．Then write your answers in the blanks．(10%)10056# 英语语法试题第5 页共7 页51．A: __________ you __________ (see) the film “Romeo and Juliet”?B: Yes, I saw it last month．52．By the time you get back they __________ (take) care of everything．53．They’ve invited many friends, for they __________ (celebrate) their wedding anniversary with a party．54．It is time that the president __________ (lower) taxes．55．We’d rather you__________ (be) my secretary now．56．You are here! I __________ (look) for you for two long hours．57．When I arrived at the station, the train __________ (leave)．58．The child cries a lot every day, but she __________ (not cry) at the moment．59．As a rule, I __________ (take) midday naps in summer．60．Ken __________ (drive) along yesterday when a stone suddenly went through the windscreen．IV、Read the following incomplete sentences and decide what non-finite forms of the given verbs should be used．Then write your answers in the blanks．(10%)61．The programme would mean __________ (cost) a large sum of money．62．You’d better __________ (drink) pure water to keep healthy．63．I couldn’t make myself __________ (hear) because I was far from where they were．64．The chief felt thoroughly lost in the __________ (crowd) streets of London．65．We have trouble __________ (make) both ends meet．66．Don’t bother me; I’m listening to the birds __________ (sing)．67．I’m going to the dentist and have my teeth __________ (pull) out．68．They hurried there only __________ (be) told that the meeting was cancelled．69．There’s no choice but __________ (wait) another day．70．I regret __________ (say) that we have no news for you．V、You are to rewrite the following sentences without changing the original meanings, using the structures suggested in the brackets and making other necessary changes．(20%) 71．He hadn’t learned to drive because he was too clumsy．(cleft sentence emphasizing “because he was too clumsy”)72．He has not enough income on which he can live．(infinitive phrase)73．A time came when the people felt the need to settle down and live in peace．(existential sentence)74．We lost all our money．What’s worse, we came close to losing our lives．(not only．．．but also)10056# 英语语法试题第6 页共7 页75．They made him tell them everything．(passive voice)76．When Bob was still a boy of six, he was sent away from home．(verbless clause)77．I have been so busy that I haven’t found time to answer that letter．(too．．．to) 78．She sat there and leaned against a tree．(participle)79．He is not sociable, so he didn’t go to the party last night．(subjunctive mood)80．As the Lees have brought up ten children of their own, they may be considered experts on child behavior．(participle)VI、You are to combine the following sentences into complex ones containing the kind of subordinate clause indicated in the brackets．(10%)81．He ordered his wife about．She seemed to be his servant．(adverbial clause of manner) 82．“Blaster”is attacking．They get the warning．(appositive clause)83．He was telling the truth．It is clear to me．(subject clause)84．I’m going to make an early start．In this way I hope that I won’t get stuck in the traffic．(adverbial clause of purpose)85．John asked Mary, “Are you going fishing with me?”(object clause)10056# 英语语法试题第7 页共7 页。

pgg2005作文答案英文回答：1. Identify the main argument of the passage.The main argument of the passage is that artificial intelligence (AI) will have a profound impact on the future of work. The author argues that AI will lead to the automation of many jobs, which will create both challenges and opportunities for workers.2. Summarize the evidence the author provides to support this argument.The author provides several pieces of evidence to support the argument that AI will have a profound impact on the future of work. First, the author points to the rapid development of AI technology, noting that AI systems are becoming increasingly powerful and capable. Second, the author cites research that shows that AI is already beingused to automate a variety of tasks, from customer serviceto manufacturing. Third, the author argues that the trend towards automation is likely to continue, as AI systems become even more powerful and capable.3. Explain how the author uses language to persuade the reader to accept this argument.The author uses several persuasive techniques to convince the reader to accept the argument that AI willhave a profound impact on the future of work. First, the author uses strong language to describe the potentialimpact of AI, such as "profound" and "transformative." Second, the author provides a wealth of evidence to support the argument, including research and expert opinions. Third, the author anticipates and addresses potential objectionsto the argument, such as the argument that AI will create new jobs.4. Evaluate the effectiveness of the author's argument.The author's argument is effective in persuading thereader to accept the claim that AI will have a profound impact on the future of work. The author provides a wealthof evidence to support the argument, and the author anticipates and addresses potential objections. The author also uses persuasive language to convince the reader to accept the argument.中文回答：1. 找出文章的主要观点。

2006年06.01.07 Some people believe they should keep all the money they have earnedand should not pay tax to the state. Do you agree or disagree?06.01.14There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones?06.01.Today, the advanced science and technology have made great changes to people’s life, but a rtists such as musicians, painters and writers are still highly valued. What can arts tell us about life that science and technology cannot?06.02.11In many countries, the proportion of older people is steadily increasing. Does this trend have more positive or negative effects on the society?06.02.18Some people believe that air travel should be restricted because it causes serious pollution and uses up the world’s fuelresources. To what extent do you agree or disagree?06.02.25 More and more measures to improve the security in large urban areas have been introduced in many countries because of the increased crime. Do the benefits of these measures outweigh the drawbacks?06.03.11In many countries more and more young people are leaving school but unable to find jobs. What problems do you think youth unemployment causes for individuals and the society? What measures should be taken to reduce the level ofunemploymentamong youngsters?06.03.18Some people think that teachers should be responsible for teaching students to judge what is right and wrong so that they can behave well. Others say that teachers should only teach students academicsubjects. Discuss both views and give your opinion.06.03.25One long-distance flight consumes fuel which a car uses in several years’ time, but they cause the same amount of pollution. So some people think that we should discourage non-essential flights, such as tourist travel, rather than to limit the use of cars. To what extent do you agree or disagree?06.04.08In the past century when a human astronautfirst arrived on the Moon, he said, ‘It is a big step for mankind.’ But some people think it makes little difference to our daily life. To what extent do you agree or disagree?06.04.22Some people think history has nothing or little to tell us, but others think that studying the past history can help us better understand the present. .Please discuss the two views and give your own opinion.06.04.29Some people think that national sports teams and individual men and women who represent their country should be financiallysupported by the government. However, others argue that they should be funded by non-government sources (e.g. Business, scholarships, etc. ) Discuss both views and give your opinion.Housing shortage in big cities can cause severe social consequences. Some people think only government action can solve this problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree?06.05.20International tourism has become a huge industry in the world. Do the problems of international travel outweigh its advantages?06.05.27Some people think that using animals for experimentation purpose is cruel, but other people think that it is necessary for the development of science. Discuss both views and give your opinion.06.06.10 Some people prefer to provide help and support directly to those in the local community who need it. Others, however, prefer to give money to national and international charitableorganisations. Discuss both views and give your opinion.06.06.17The best way to solve the world’s environmental problem is to increase the price of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?06.06.24Some people think that students benefit from going to private secondary schools. Others, however, feel that private secondaryschools can have a negative effect on society as a whole. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.06.07. In many countries today there is insufficient respect to old people. What are the reasons? What problems might it bring to the society?It is better for students at university to live far away from home than to live at home with their parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?06.07.29 Earlier technological developments brought more benefits and changed the lives of ordinarypeople more than recent technological developments. To what extent do you agree or disagree?06.08.05Some people think museums should be enjoyable places to attract and entertain young people, while others think the purpose of museums should be to educate, not entertain. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.06.08.12In order to learn a language well, we should also learn about the country as well as the cultures and lifestyles of the people who speak this language. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?06.08.25 )Multi-cultural societies, in which there is a mixture of different ethnic peoples, bring more benefits than drawbacksto a country. To what extent do you agree or disagree?06.09.02There is an increasing amount of advertising directed at children which encourages them to buy goods such as toys and snacks. Many parents are worried that these advertisements put too much pressure on children, while some advertisers claim that they provide useful information to children. Discuss both vies and give your opinion.06.09.16Some people think that the government should decide which subjects students should study at the university, while others think that students should be allowed to apply for the subjectthey prefer. Discuss the two vies and give your opinion.06.09.23www.ＥIt is suggested that all the young adults should undertake a period of unpaid work helping people in the community. Does it bring more benefits or drawbacks to the community and the young people?06.10.14Some people think the main purpose of schools is to turn the children into good citizens and workers, rather than to benefit them as individuals. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?06.10.21A country becomes more interesting and develops more quickly when its population includes a mixture of nationalitiesand cultures. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?06.10.28As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. What are the factors that contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectationof job satisfaction for all workers?06.11.04Some people think that good health is a basic human need, so the medical service should not be run by profit-making companies. Do you think the disadvantages of the private health care outweigh the advantages?06.11.18 )Some people think secondary school students should study international news as one of their subjects. Other people say this is a waste of valuableschool time. Discuss both views and give your opinion.06.11.25Exposure to international media such as films, TV and magazines has a significant impact on local cultures. What do you think has been the impact? Do you think its advantages outweigh the disadvantages?06.12.02Throughout history, male leaders always lead us to violence and conflict. If a society is governed by female leaders it will be more peaceful. T o what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?06.12.09Modern buildings change the character and appearance of towns and cities. The government should insist that new buildings be built in traditional styles to protect cultural identity. To what extent do you agree or disagree?06.12.16Some people think that personal happiness is directly related to economic success. Others arguethat happiness depends on different factors. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.。

2005. 3Is creativity needed more than ever in the world today? 创新vs 原创创新creativity：Steve Jobs：在前人注重功能性的基础上提出功能+外观Bruno：在哥白尼Copernicus日心说的基础上提出宇宙无限论。

原创originality：Nightingale：首创英国护士体系Monet：首创印象派画法da Vinci：首创透视画法，开写实主义先河。

Picasso：首创立方主义，二维表现三维的第一人。

范文：历史类比式The long history of human civilization has witnessed numerous events in which creativity pushes the human society forward in an unprecedented speed. Being illuminated by such a fact, my propensity lies in that creativity ought to be authorized with the highest priority as long as human beings, as the most intelligent creature on our living planet, wish to keep forging ahead in the present day world.Cases illustrative of this principle can be found everywhere in the history.The First Industrial Revolution was a period from 1750 to 1850 where changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times. It began in the United Kingdom, then subsequently spread throughout Western Europe, North America, Japan, and eventually the rest of the world. Marked by James Watt and his improved steam engine, the First Industrial Revolution dramatically increased production capacity. There began a transition in Great Britain's and the world’s previously manual labor and draft-animal–based economytowards machine-based manufacturing—a process that continued as industrialisation. The impact of this change on society was enormous: with such transition came a great influx of population from the countryside into the towns and cities. Indeed, this progress was the product of hard work and ingenuity multiplied across millions of individual lives. More importantly, however, it was the miraculous creativity of James Watt and his fellow scientists and inventors that bred the maturity and spread of the First Industrial Revolution, without which human society would have always been restrained in less efficient manual work.Compared with the Second Industrial Revolution, the First one was nothing but a prelude. A much more drastic change in working principles was brought about by the use of electricity, which further culminated in mass production and the production line. It was "The Age of Synergy" during which most of the great innovations were developed. Unlike the First Industrial Revolution, the Second one stressed the importance of new technologies, especially electricity, new materials and substances, including alloys and chemicals, and communicationtechnologies such as the telegraph and radio. While the First Industrial Revolution was centered on iron, steam technologies and textile production, the inventions and innovations of the Second Industrial Revolution were science-based, revolving around steel, railroads, electricity, and chemicals. Again, the collective endeavor and creativity of so many scientists contributed to the evolution of human society.The Third Industrial Revolution, academically called the Information Revolution, presents its main feature in the growing economic, social and technological role of information, innovative energy as well as genetic engineering. It is a period when an ocean of creative activities and innovations flourish, making the world more prosperous than ever before; it is a period when creativity is considered not matter nor energy but the third constituent part of the Universe—it is carried by matter or by energy in the form of infinite human mentality, a factor that will lead human civilization to ever-promising future.Just as American entrepreneur Steve Jobs once argued, ―we are here to put a dent in the universe. Otherwise why else even be here?‖Here comes the finalconclusion—creativity is indeed needed more than ever in the world today.。

2005年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷及答案（课程代码：00015）PART ONE （50 POINTS）Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。

1.Would’t you rather your child ______ successful with his study and won the scholarship?A. becameB. becomeC. would becomeD. becomes2. Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement, he wonders _______will happen to his family life.A. itB. thatC. whatD. this3. We hope that all the measures against sandstorms, ________ was put forward by the committee, will be considered seriously at the meeting .A. whileB. afterC. sinceD. as4. We cannot leave this tough job to a person_________.A. who nobody has confidenceB. in whom nobody has confidenceC. for whom nobody has confidenceD. who everyone has confidence of5. You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it .A. untilB. if onlyC. in caseD. unless6.Hey, leave _____!I hate people touching my hair.A. behindB. outC. offD. over7.I thought the problem of water shortage would ________ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it.A. come upB. come up toC. come overD. come to8.Mr.Smith , can I ________ you for a minute? I’d like to hear your opinion on this issue.A. say a word withB. have words withC. mention a word withD. have a word with9.There is a deadlock (僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the over .A. a wayB. wayC. the wayD. its way10. This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different ages.A. withB. forC. toD. inⅡ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

全国2005年10月高等教育自学考试综合英语（一）试题课程代码：00794请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上Ⅰ.用适当语法形式或词汇填空。

从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并填入答题纸相应位置。

（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）1. _______ late 1990’s, about two thousand adults were enrolled in correspondence study in thecommunity.A. TheB. In theC. It was theD. It was in the2. Mary _______ the meeting yesterday. She was in the hospital.A. cannot have attendedB. cannot attendC. must not have attendedD. must not attend3. By the time Jack comes back from his hometown, we _______ all the preparations.A. finishB. have finishedC. had finishedD. shall have finished4. To speak quite frankly, I’d rather you _______ in such affairs.A. don’t involveB. didn’t involveC. were not involvedD. are not involved5. _______ time, Denny would certainly have come and help me.A. If she hadB. Had she hadC. If she would haveD. Did she have6. Janet’s uncle insists _______ in the hotel near the city square.A. not stayingB. not to stayC. that he not stayD. that he doesn’t stay7. The reason my sister didn’t go abroad was _______ a new job here.A. because she gotB. that she gotC. why she gotD. that because she got8. It was not until Mary arrived at the theatre _______ she realized she had forgotten her ticket.A. thenB. andC. butD. that9. I’d met Cynthia several times before this gathering. _______.A. I did, tooB. So did IC. So had ID. I met, also10. _______ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.A. The girl’s being educatedB. The girl being educatedC. The girl was educatedD. The girl who was educated11. Ann likes doing some reading at home _______ to the cinema.A. than to goB. more than goingC. rather than to goD. than going12. You’d better come to ask the teac her yourself tomorrow, _______?A. didn’t youB. shouldn’t youC. wouldn’t youD. hadn’t you13. Mary filled in the application form, but she didn’t know which office _______.A. to be sent toB. to send it toC. to be sentD. to send it14. Do you know what _______ made Jenny sad?A. it was thatB. was it thatC. it wasD. was it15. Parents love their children with a devotion _______ no return.A. which they ask forB. which they askC. for which they ask forD. for which they ask16. I really don’t want to go to the party, but I don’t see how I can _______ it.A. get awayB. get overC. get out ofD. get back from17. The captain _______ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.A. broughtB. presentedC. madeD. did18. It is wise to have some money _______ for old age.A. put awayB. put inC. put aboutD. put down19. The motor isn’t _______ enough to drive the car up steep hills.A. toughB. bigC. strongD. powerful20. We agreed to me et in the office but so far she hasn’t _______ yet.A. turned aroundB. turned inC. turned upD. turned out21. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _______ great it is.A. asB. soC. thoughD. however22. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining _______.A. hardlyB. heavilyC. sharplyD. strongly23. A pause can make all the _______ in the world between an effective speech and an ineffective onein the hands of a master.A. differenceB. effectC. impressionD. contribution24. Not many people were actually _______ his plan. They did not object to it openly, though.A. in line withB. in common withC. in favor ofD. in the interest of25.Bad management will inevitably _______ poor efficiency.A. come withB. result inC. result fromD. come into26. Besides giving, love _______ such elements as care, responsibility, respect and knowledge.A. composes ofB. makes up ofC. makes fromD. consists of27. How can you succeed without a desire to take _______ of all available opportunities?A. privilegeB. advantageC. chanceD. care28. Her success in work _______ in her deep love and compassion for her pupils and her strong senseof responsibility.A. lainB. laidC. liedD. lay29. China is _______ to building a sound environment for foreign investors.A. committedB. openedC. loyalD. active30. Once the students started to talk, the discussion became so _______ that no one wanted to stopwhen the bell rang.A. likelyB. livelyC. lovelyD. interestinglyⅡ. 认真阅读下面两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题。

一、单项选择题（本大题共 属于狄德罗著作的是_ 《诗艺》 B 、《诗学》 华滋华斯呼呈诗人采用语言 _ 贵族 B 、书面 布瓦洛 1、 A2、 A3、A 4、 A5、A 6、 7、 A C 8 A 9、 2005年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试西方文论选读 试卷 （课程代码0815） 第一部分 选择题（共40分）20小题， 。

D 每小题 C _。

C C 1分，共20分）（三论集阐述了去艺术看法） 、《悲剧的诞生》 、日常 D 人物理论为后来的典型化人物理论作了有力的铺垫 D 个性化 B 、独特化 C 、类型化 莱辛认为诗歌运用的 ____________ 符号B （文字）画（A 色彩） 自然 B 在柏拉图看来， 理性 B 、人为 创作的动力是 I 、想象 提出“意图廖见说”的是 俄国形式主义 B 、英美新批评 亚里士多德认为，悲剧主角应 由顺境转入逆境单 B 处于顺境D 歌德认为，艺术的真正生命在于对 个别 B 、一般 俄国形式主义的纲领性文件是 《词语的复活》 B 、《散文理论》 《作为手法的艺术》 、天然 、幻想、语义学 、由有逆境转达入顺境地 、处于逆境 _的掌握和描述。

、共性DD 、《绘画论》 、古典 C 、共性化 、抽象 、灵感、精神分析学派、集体A D 10、 席勒认为，人对纯朴自然的兴趣是有 A 主观 B11、 在狄德罗那里， A 农民生活 B 、《一八四七年俄国文学一瞥》条件的。

、客观 C严戏剧采取的是 、宫廷生活、主客 _题材。

、市民生活、先天、下层生活 12、 克罗齐主张，直觉就是 A 再现 B 、表现 13、 布瓦洛的理性原则要求 A 形式服从内容 C 形式等于内容 14、 尼采认为要重振悲剧艺， A 、理性 B 、感性 15、 海德格尔指出，诗以_ A 、形象 B 、意象 、确认 、判断D就要复活_ C____ 确立存在。

C 、内容服从形式、内容等于形式___ 精神。

2005年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷及答案（课程代码：00015）PART ONE （50 POINTS）Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。

1.Would’t you rather your child ______ successful with his study and won the scholarship?A. becameB. becomeC. would becomeD. becomes2. Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement, he wonders _______will happen to his family life.A. itB. thatC. whatD. this3. We hope that all the measures against sandstorms, ________ was put forward by the committee, will be considered seriously at the meeting .A. whileB. afterC. sinceD. as4. We cannot leave this tough job to a person_________.A. who nobody has confidenceB. in whom nobody has confidenceC. for whom nobody has confidenceD. who everyone has confidence of5. You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it .A. untilB. if onlyC. in caseD. unless6.Hey, leave _____!I hate people touching my hair.A. behindB. outC. offD. over7.I thought the problem of water shortage would ________ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it.A. come upB. come up toC. come overD. come to8.Mr.Smith , can I ________ you for a minute? I’d like to hear your opinion on this issue.A. say a word withB. have words withC. mention a word withD. have a word with9.There is a deadlock (僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the over .A. a wayB. wayC. the wayD. its way10. This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different ages.A. withB. forC. toD. inⅡ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

2005年10月在职MPA英语真题及参考答案Part I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 points)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Speaker A: I’m exhausted. I had to work until 2 o’clock this morning.Speaker B: ______A. Don’t wor ry too much. You can do it later.B. Take it easy. You didn’t have to work so hard.C. Take time off and let it be.D. Take it or leave it. You don’t have to do it.2. Speaker A: My apartment is only 10 minutes’ walk from the office. Why don’t you dr op by some time?Speaker B: ______A. Because I didn’t know you live so close by.B. Because I didn’t want to bother you.C. I’d love to. Can I take my roommate along?D. That’s OK. I’ll be there soon.3. Speaker A: Doctor Smith is engaged on Wednesday. Would you like to come on Thursday? Speaker B: ______A. Thursday would be fine.B. See you then.C. Thank you very much. Good-bye.D. It’s very kind of you.4. Speaker A: We came so close, really. We almost won that game!Speaker B: ______A. There, there.B. There’s no use crying over spilt milk.C. You guys were superb.D. I couldn’t care less.5. Speaker A: Don’t you think the concert is terrific?Speaker B: ______A. I want to hear other opinions.B. It certainly is. And I really like the band.C. Yes, the concert is terrible.D. No, everything went on perfectly.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices given and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.6. Woman: What do you like to do on your summer vacation?Man: I like nothing better than fishing on a hot summer day.Question: What does the man mean?A. He doesn’t like fishing on a hot summer day.B. Although he likes fishing, he doesn’t want to do it on a hot summer day.C. Fishing is his favorite pastime on a hot summer day.D. He likes nothing, including fishing on a hot summer day.7. Woman: I heard John and Frank had a quarrel.Man: Oh, they soon made up.Question: What does the man mean?A. John and Frank had an argument, but now they are friends again.B. John and Frank hate each other since their argument.C. John and Frank pretended that they had a quarrel.D. John and Frank often quarrel though they are friends.8. Woman: I’ve changed my mind and would like t o take the new approach. Man: You’re on the right track now!Question: What does the man mean?A. The woman is right.B. The woman is getting on well.C. The woman is doing the right thing.D. The woman has changed her mind.9. Woman: Doctor, w hat’s wrong with my father?Man: He’s in pretty good shape, considering.Question: What do we learn from the dialogue?A. Her father is very sick.B. There is nothing serious with her father.C. Her father is an athlete.D. The man is not sure about her father’s condition.10. Man: Why don’t you dress up a little when you’re out with your friends? Woman: That’s a good idea!Question: What does the man suggest?A. The woman should put on nice clothes.B. The woman should wear makeup.C. The woman should get up right away.D. The woman should make a dress herself.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11. Scarcely ______ those words when suddenly the monster was transformed into a very handsome youth.A. had he utteredB. did he utterC. he had utteredD. he did utter12. The new automobile factory is expected to ______ around 30,000 to 50,000 vehicles annually in the first three years.A. assembleB. serviceC. supplyD. repair13. Within the foreseeable future there may be a major ______ of species, involving from one-third to two-thirds of all the species now in existence.A. exhaustionB. exhibitionC. extensionD. extinction14. ______ we arrived in a more urban area, where Jim took me to a place called Boston Market.A. Before longB. After longC. Shortly beforeD. Shortly after15. ______ urgent the situation may be, you will need to make one change at a time, and then move on.A. AsB. WheneverC. HoweverD. Whatever16. The museum’s new building will have ______ the exhibition space as before.A. three timesB. three times likeC. three times asD. three times larger17. When you are in your room, leave the door ______ so that your visitors do not have to knock.A. openB. openedC. openingD. being open18. Earth is believed to ______ by an object the size of Mars at some point in the distant past before its surface cooled.A. be hitB. have hitC. have been hitD. being hit19. The only thing ______ really matters to the parents is how soon their children can return home.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. this20. It is unacceptable that a person ______ for an uncommitted crime.A. gets punishingB. punishesC. get punishedD. punished21. In Australia the Asians have made their influence ______ in businesses, large and smallA. feelingB. feelC. feltD. to be felt22. The angry mother di dn’t know who ______ for the broken glass.A. will blameB. to blameC. to be blamedD. blames23. In the Chinese mind the Spring Festival is ______ with nice food and new clothes.A. joinedB. relatedC. linkedD. associated24. Mobile phones are proved to ______ with flight instruments and have a negative effect on flight safety.A. interfereB. disturbC. interruptD. trouble25. Some governments have forbidden cigarette ______ and launched anti-smoking campaigns.A. commissionsB. commoditiesC. commercialsD. commands26. If you try to sell them something that they ______ for free, they aren’t going to buy it.A. used to gettingB. used to getC. were used to getD. are used to get27. Applicants must show that they have $10,000 or more ______ for living expenses and approximately $10,000 for tuition.A. acceptableB. advisableC. availableD. applicable28. The director often says it is difficult to design a program that will meet the ______ needs of allour users.A. diverseB. distinctiveC. distinctD. distinguished29. ______ their differences, they are united by the common desire to transform their personal commitment into public leadership.A. But forB. For allC. Above allD. Except for30. The winter just ending was ______ severe, causing great hardship to the poorer people in this area.A. exceptionallyB. explosivelyC. extensivelyD. expressivelyPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneDeclaring that physical exercise is one of the most powerful medicines to help improve our quality of life is not an exaggeration. The World Health Organization expressed the same view in its 2002 World Health Report, emphasizing that the damage produced by lack of physical activity was equal to the strong probability of serious illness such as heart disease and even some kinds of cancer.Those who have embraced an active lifestyle for years are familiar with the sort of physical and psychological benefits that come from exercise. Nevertheless, a lot of people would never think of physical activity as a way of feeling better, simply because they don’t t hink they are in need of it, or because they are lazy or maintain that they haven’t got enough time.There are many positive effects that result from physical exercise and they are not only concerned with the physical aspects but also psychological and social ones.Beginning with the physical benefits, physical activity improves the life of the heart, burns off fat, lowers high blood pressure, makes tissues more resistant, and increases muscle flexibility and joint mobility.On a psychological level, physical activity helps reduce anxiety and stress by causing tension to disappear and by encouraging us to have a better sense of ourselves through listening to our bodies during movement.Lastly, seeing ourselves in better health is advantageous socially. The sense of satisfaction thus obtained will result in an increase of self-respect and self-confidence in terms of our ability to interact with others.The benefits linked to exercise have also not gone unnoticed in the business world, with more and more companies setting up gyms on-site. Employees’ improved health translates into better performance and reduced costs as well as an increase in people’s satisfaction in the work place.Physical activity is recommended for all age groups, including children. It is an important growth factor in a child’s education.And for the elderly? There is no doubt that regular physical activity allows greater efficiency in daily life as well as creating more basic independence day by day, including the possibility of keeping in touch with others and not feeling isolated.31. The writer regards physical exercise as a strong medicine because ______.A. the WHO holds the viewB. it helps improve the quality of lifeC. the lack of it equals serious illnessD. it enables people to live longer32. Many people do not engage in physical exercise mainly because ______.A. they are not aware of its benefitsB. they don’t have the facilitiesC. they don’t think they need itD. they are physically unfit for it33. According to the passage, physical exercise can make people ______.A. stronger and more intelligentB. more intelligent and more open-mindedC. more open-minded and healthierD. healthier and stronger34. Physical exercise is socially beneficial because ______.A. it gives people competitive advantageB. it helps people reduce anxietyC. it enables employees to work better for their companyD. it makes people confident in dealing with others35. According to the passage, regular physical exercise can make old people ______.A. better able to look after themselvesB. look younger than they really areC. less likely to suffer from diseasesD. more aggressive in their interaction with othersPassage TwoAccording to the United States government, people are classified as homeless if they have no place to stay and no expectation of finding a place for the next thirty days. Although technically accurate, that is an impersonal assessment of an enormous and very human problem.The homeless population represents all of us Americans. It includes men and women, the elderly, children, and infants. Its members are from all ethnic (种族的) groups. What they have in common is poverty.Currently in the U.S., thirty-nine million people live in poverty. When money is really tight, paying the rent or buying food often becomes a choice. Government assistance in the form of food stamps does help but, as one homeless man explai ns, you can’t pay the rent with food stamps.With no money for rent, the streets and homeless shelters become the alternative.Although men constitute the largest group within the homeless population, homeless women with children are rapidly joining them. In fact, one quarter of the homeless people in the U.S. are teenagers and young children.People may become homeless for numerous reasons. However, there are certain factors that many of these individuals have in common. They include a lack of adequate education and job skills. A majority of the teenagers and adults have not completed high school.The abuse of alcohol and drugs is also a common factor. One third of the adult homeless population abuses alcohol, while one quarter of the same group uses drugs.Some members of this population suffer mental health problems. Within the past several years many institutions for the mentally ill have been closed and their patients sent “home”. Unfortunately, a number of those people have no home to go to and they are unable to adequately look after themselves.Job loss in today’s economy has also become a real factor in the loss of people’s homes. The breakup of families through abandonment and divorce are also contributing factors, particularly when there are children involved. The parent who is left to care for the kids with inadequate income may be forced to depend on the homeless shelters to put a roof over their heads.36. The writer thinks that the U.S. government’s definition of the homeless reveals ______.A. an insincere attitude toward the homelessB. an unbearable attitude toward the homelessC. an uncivilized attitude toward the homelessD. an unsympathetic attitude toward the homeless37. The U.S. government helps the homeless by ______.A. giving them homeless allowancesB. giving them food stampsC. finding jobs for themD. finding residences for them38. Most of the homeless in the U.S. are ______.A. male adultsB. female adultsC. the elderlyD. children39. People become homeless for all the following reasons EXCEPT ______.A. the lack of adequate educationB. the abuse of alcohol and drugsC. the closure of institutions for the mentally illD. the poor performance of economy40. The breakup of families is likely to lead to homelessness because a parent with kids may ______.A. lose his or her job in today’s economyB. be unable to look after the kidsC. not have enough incomeD. find residence at a homeless shelterPassage ThreeIn early 2004 eight tiny sensors were dropped from a plane near a military base in California. After hitting the ground, the sensors—also known as smart dust sensors—organized themselves into a network and quickly detected a fleet of military vehicles on the ground. They determined the direction, speed and size of a series of military vehicles traveling along the road and later transmitted the data to a computer at a nearby base camp.Smart dust sensors are minicomputers—as small as a grain of rice in some cases—that can monitor and evaluate their physical environment and can relay the information via wireless communication. They can monitor elements such as temperature, moisture, humidity, pressure, energy use, vibration, light, motion, radiation, gas, and chemicals. These devices will soon have many applications, such as use in emergency rescue.Software has been developed to run these minicomputers. A key feature of the software is the ability of the sensors to automatically organize themselves into a communications network and talk to each other via wireless radio signals. If any one connection is interrupted, the sensors will self-correct and pass the information on to the next available sensor.Each sensor has a chip that does the computing work—recording things like temperature and motion at its location. Each sensor also has a tiny radio transmitter that allows it to talk to other sensors within 100 feet or so. With a single network of 10,000 sensors—thought to be the biggest array (阵列) of sensors currently possible—you could cover 9 square miles and get information about each point along the way. The data finally works its way to a base station that can send the information to a computer or to a wireless network.The scientists who are working with this technology say smart dust sensors can be used to detect the location or movement of enemy troops in areas too dangerous or remote for soldiers to operate. Scattering hundreds of self-networking sensors from a manned or unmanned plane onto the battlefield, in theory, could produce critical information and lead to strategic advantage. Sensors could also be used to detect the presence of chemical weapons and could give troops the time needed to put on protective gear.41. Smart dust sensors can do all the following EXCEPT ______.A. giving troops their protective gearB. organizing themselves into a computer networkC. detecting the movement of military vehicles nearbyD. operating in remote and dangerous war zones42. By “physical environment” (Paragraph 2), the writer means such elements as ______.A. the position of military troopsB. the presence of minicomputersC. the strength of radio signalsD. the amount of water vapor in the air43. If connection between two sensors is blocked, the network will automatically ______.A. replace the sensor involvedB. repair the sensor involvedC. ignore the sensor involvedD. destroy the sensor involved44. To cover an area of 3 square miles and get information about each point along the way, how many smart dust sensors are needed?A. About 3,000 sensors.B. About 3,300 sensors.C. About 5,000 sensors.D. About 6,600 sensors.45. The passage implies that the smart dust sensors are most likely to be used in ______.A. emergency rescueB. monitoring pollutionC. military operationsD. evaluating the environmentPassage FourEach semester, Andrew Tom receives a term bill outlining his expenses: tuition, dorm fee, student center fee, recreation fee, resident activity fee, health insurance. If only the rest of his expenses were as easy to quantify.“It’s like you start out the semester with plenty of money and then $20 for dinner out here and $100 at the department store there, it’s gone,” said Tom, a Northeastern University third-year student. “And there are so many things you need like toothpaste or laundry detergent (洗涤剂) that you don’t think about until you get here and need it.”From the books lining their shelves to the fashionable clothes filling their closets, college students say the expenses of a college education go well beyond tuition and a dining hall meal plan. Many say they arrive on campus only to be overwhelmed by unexpected costs from sports fees to the actual price of a slice of pizza.Balancing a job with schoolwork, especially at colleges known for their heavy workloads like Harvard and MIT, can be tough. So can the pressure students often feel to financially keep pace with their friends.“When you get dragged along shopping, you’re going to spend money; if you get dragged to a party and everyone wants to take a cab but you’re cheap and want to take a bus, chances are you’ll end up sharing the fee for the cab,” said Tom. “I guess you could say no, but no one wants to bethe only one eating in the snack bar while your friends are out to dinner.”Max Cohen, a biology major at MIT, said he is accustomed to watching fellow students spend $40 a night to have dinner delivered or $50 during a night out at a bar. During the school’s recent spring break, friends on trips for the week posted away messages that read like a world map—Paris, Rome, Tokyo. “Meanwhile I stay home and work,” said Cohen. “I didn’t re alize when I came here how much money I would spend or how hard I would have to work to get by.”It is a lesson some younger students learn quickly. Others, surrounded by credit card offers, go into debt, or worse, are forced to leave school.“A lot of people don’t think twice about how much they spend,” said a first-year student at MIT, “and you feel the pressure sometimes to go along with them.”46. The sentence “If only the rest of his expenses were as easy to quantify” (Paragraph 1) implies that ______.A. there are many other unexpected expensesB. it is easy to calculate how much more to spendC. the tuition is too high to be calculatedD. he has to pay only a few other expenses47. All the following expenses are included in the term bill EXCEPT ______.A. health insuranceB. sports feesC. recreation feesD. dorm fees48. According to the passage, many college students ______.A. have to work hard in their studiesB. suspend their studies in order to workC. depend on their families for all the expensesD. are under great financial pressure49. The word “cheap” (Paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to “______”.A. inferior in qualityB. inexpensiveC. unwilling to spendD. valueless50. From the last paragraph, one may learn that an important reason for the high hidden costs for college students is ______.A. the extremely high prices of daily necessitiesB. the schoo l’s overcharging for campus activitiesC. the too many expenses the students have to payD. the pressure of keeping pace with their peersPart IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Ireland is the best place in the world to live for 2005, 51 a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain’s Economist magazine last week.The ambitious 52 to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only 53 of human satisfaction and well-being. The index of 111 countries uses 54 on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, equality between men and women as well as what the magazine calls “freedom, family and community life”.Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic problems, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points 55 10. That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe (津巴布韦), troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the lowest, 56 only 3.89 points.“Although rising incomes and increased individual choices in developed countries are 57 valued,” the report said, “some of the factors asso ciated with 58 such as the breakdown in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact.“Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new—the fourth highest gross domestic product per head in the world in 2005, low unemployment, political 59 —with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as 60 family and community life.”51. A. following up B. coming with C. according to D. except for52. A. attempt B. attack C. attitude D. attraction53. A. reason B. volume C. measure D. monitor54. A. amount B. data C. number D. account55. A. up to B. out of C. off and on D. in about56. A. missing B. getting C. keeping D. putting57. A. hardly B. excessively C. highly D. passively58. A. modernization B. civilization C. constitution D. tradition59. A. liberties B. activities C. unions D. campaigns60. A. sticky B. static C. steep D. stablePART V English-Chinese TranslationDrinking water and water for domestic use often come from ground water. In order to protect this water, local water authorities can apply to local administrative authorities to mark certain locations as water protection areas. The size of these areas is calculated in such a way that the quantity of ground water taken from them corresponds to the acture rainfall going into them. In the water protection areas fall into three zones. Zone 3 is the other most zone with a diameter of 4 kilometers around the ground water well, Here no chemical work or the use of pesticides are allowed. Zone I is determined around the so-called 50-day line. It is assumed that after 50 days in the ground water harmful bacteria will have died off. Here settlements and fertilizer storage are forbidden. Zone I marks the ten-meter boundary around the well. Here, any use of the land, aswell as access by unauthorized person, is forbidden.PART VI Writing (15 points)在家所在的社区附近建一个购物中心，是否同意，并列举理由。

2005年10月份托福阅读真题(总分50,考试时间120分钟)Section Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestion 1-10All mammals feed their young. Beluga whale mothers, for example, nurse their calves for some twenty months, until they are about to give birth again and their young are able to find their own food. The behavior of feeding of the young is built into the reproductive system. It is a nonelective part of parental care and the defining feature of a mammal, the most important thing that mammals-- whether marsupials, platypuses, spiny anteaters, or placental mammals -- have in common.But not all animal parents, even those that tend their offspring to the point of hatching or birth, feed their young. Most egg-guarding fish do not, for the simple reason that their young are so much smaller than the parents and eat food that is also much smaller than the food eaten by adults. In reptiles, the crocodile mother protects her young after they have hatched and takes them down to the water, where they will find food, but she does not actually feed them. Few insects feed their young after hatching, but some make other arrangement, provisioning their cells and nests with caterpillars and spiders that they have paralyzed with their venom and stored in a state of suspended animation so that their larvae might have a supply of fresh food when they hatch.For animals other than mammals, then, feeding is not intrinsic to parental care. Animals add it to their reproductive strategies to give them an edge in their lifelong quest for descendants. The most vulnerable moment in any animal's life is when it first finds **pletely on its own, when it must forage and fend for itself. Feeding postpones that moment until a young animal has grown to such a size that it is better able to cope. Young that are fed by their parents become nutritionally independent at a much greater fraction of their full adult size. And in the meantime those young are shielded against the vagaries of fluctuating of difficult-to-find supplies. Once a species does take the step of feeding its young, the young become totally dependent on the extra effort. If both parents are removed, the young generally do no survive.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The care that various animals give to their offspring.B. The difficulties young animals face in obtaining food.C. The methods that mammals use to nurse their young.D. The importance among young mammals of becoming independent.2. The author lists various animals in line 5 toA. contrast the feeding habits of different types of mammalsB. describe the process by which mammals came to be definedC. emphasize the point that every type of mammal feeds its own youngD. explain why a particular feature of mammals is nonelective3. The word "tend" in line 7 is closest in meaning toA. sit onB. moveC. noticeD. care for4. What can be inferred from the passage about the practice of animal parents feeding their young?A. It is unknown among fish.B. It is unrelated to the size of the young.C. It is dangerous for the parents.D. It is **mon among mammals.5. The word "provisioning" in line 13 is closest in meaning toA. supplyingB. preparingC. buildingD. expanding6. According to the passage, how do some insects make sure their young have food?A. By storing food near their young.B. By locating their nests or cells near spiders and caterpillars.C. By searching for food some distance from their nest.D. By gathering food from a nearby water source.7. The word "edge" in line 17 is closest in meaning toA. opportunityB. advantageC. purposeD. rest8. The word "it" in line 20 refers toA. FeedingB. momentC. young animalD. size9. According to the passage, animal young are most defenseless whenA. their parents are away searching for foodB. their parents have many young to feedC. they are only a few days oldD. they first become independent10. The word "shielded" in line 22 is closest in meaning toA. raisedB. protectedC. hatchedD. valuedQuestion 11-21:Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples. Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied. When the paper is removed, the image adheres to it, but in reverse.The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A.D. for applying patterns to textiles. The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and then for printing on paper. Woodcuts are created by a relief process; first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawed parallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the image in ink. The background is carved away, leaving the design area slightly raised. The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the raised image. It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press.Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, "to carve"). The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin. The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so that some ink remains in the incised grooves. An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that the paper picks upthe ink.Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends itself to subtle modeling and shading through the use of fine lines. Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of light and shade in a print. Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark. Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images. A set of multiples is called an edition. Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear. Mass production of prints in the sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before.11. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The origins of textile decorationB. The characteristics of good-quality printsC. Two types of printmakingD. Types of paper used in printmaking12. The word "prime" in line 2 is closest in meaning toA. principalB. complexC. generalD. recent13. The author's purposes in paragraph 2 is to describeA. the woodcuts found in China in the fifth centuryB. the use of woodcuts in the textile industryC. the process involved in creating a woodcutD. the introduction of woodcuts to Europe14. The word "incised" in line 15 is closest in meaning toA. burnedB. cutC. framedD. baked15. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage/A. "patterns"(line 5)B. "grain"(line 8)C. "burin"(line 16)D. "grooves"(line 17)16. The word "distinctive" in line 19 is closest in meaning toA. uniqueB. accurateC. irregularD. similar17. According to the passage, all of the following are true about engraving EXCEPT that itA. developed from the art of the goldsmithsB. requires that the paper be cut with a burinC. originated in the fifteenth centuryD. involves carving into a metal plate18. The word "yield" in line 23 is closest in meaning toA. imitateB. produceC. reviseD. contrast19. According to the passage, what do woodcut and engraving have in common?A. Their designs are slightly raised.B. They achieve contrast through hatching and cross-hatching.C. They were first used in Europe.D. They allow multiple copies to be produced from one original.20. According to the author, what made it possible for members of the general public to own prints in the sixteenth century?A. Prints could be made at low cost.B. The quality of paper and ink had improved.C. Many people became involved in the printmaking industry.D. Decreased demand for prints kept prices affordable.21. According to the passage, all of the following are true about prints EXCEPT that theyA. can be reproduced on materials other than paperB. are created from a reversed imageC. show variations between light and dark shadesD. require a printing pressQuestions 22-31:The first peoples to inhabit what today is the southeastern United States sustained themselves as hunters and gathers. Sometimes early in the first millennium A.D., however, they began to cultivate corn and other crops. Gradually, as they became more skilled at gardening, they settled into permanent villages and developed a rich culture, characterized by the great earthen mounds they erected as monuments to their gods and as tombs for their distinguished dead. Most of these early mound builders were part of the Adena-Hopewell culture, which had its beginnings near the Ohio River and takes its name from sites in Ohio. The culture spread southward into the present-day states of Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Its peoples became great traders, bartering jewellery, pottery, animal pelts, tools, and other goods along extensive trading networks that stretched up and down eastern North America and as far west as the Rocky Mountains.About A.D. 400, the Hopewell culture fell into decay. Over the next centuries, it was supplanted by another culture, the Mississippian, named after the river along which many of its earliest villages were located. **plex civilization dominated the Southeast from about A.D. 700 until shortly before the Europeans began arriving in the sixteenth century. At the peak of its strength, about the year 1200, it was the most advanced culture in North America. Like their Hopewell predecessors, the Mississippians became highly skilled at growing food, although on a grander scale. They developed an improved strain of corn, which could survive in wet soil and a relatively cool climate, and also learned to cultivate beans. Indeed, agriculture became so important to the Mississippians that it became closely associated with the Sun --- the guarantor of good crops. Many tribes called themselves "children of the Sun" and believed their omnipotent priest-chiefs were descendants of the great sun god.Although most Mississippians lived in small villages, many others inhabited large towns. Most of these towns boasted at least one major flat-topped mound on which stood a temple that contained a sacred flame. Only priests and those charged with guarding the flame could enter the temples. The mounds also served as ceremonial and trading sites, and at times they were used as burial grounds.22. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The development of agricultureB. The locations of towns and villagesC. The early people and cultures of the United StatesD. The construction of burial mounds23. Which of the following resulted from the rise of agriculture in the southeastern United States?A. The development of trade in North AmericaB. The establishment of permanent settlementsC. Conflicts with other Native American groups over landD. A migration of these peoples to the Rocky Mountains.24. What does the term "Adena-Hopewell"(line 7) designate?A. The early locations of the Adena-Hopewell cultureB. The two most important nations of the Adena-Hopewell cultureC. Two former leaders who were honored with large burial mounds.D. Two important trade routes in eastern North America25. The word "bartering" in line 9 is closest in meaning toA. producingB. exchangingC. transportingD. loading26. The word "supplanted" in line 13 is closest in meaning toA. conqueredB. precededC. replacedD. imitated27. According to the passage, when did the Mississippian culture reach its highest point of development?A. About A.D. 400B. Between A.D. 400 AND A.D. 700C. About A.D. 1200D. In the sixteenth century28. According to the passage, how did the agriculture of the Mississippians differ from that of their Hopewell predecessors?A. The Mississippians produced more durable and larger crops of food.B. The Mississippians sold their food to other groups.C. The Mississippians could only grow plants in warm, dry climates.D. The Mississippians produced special foods for their religious leaders.29. Why does the author mention that many Mississippians tribes called themselves "children of the Sun"(line 22)?A. To explain why they were obedient to their priest-chiefs.B. To argue about the importance of religion in their culture.C. To illustrate the great importance they placed on agriculture.D. To provide an example of their religious rituals.30. The phrase "charged with" in line 26 is closest in meaning toA. passed onB. experienced atC. interested inD. assigned to31. According to the passage, the flat-topped mounds in Mississippian towns were used for all of the following purposes EXCEPTA. religious ceremoniesB. meeting places for the **munityC. sites **merceD. burial sitesQuestion 32-40:Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790. Roads were few and short, usually extending from **munities to the nearest river town or seaport. Nearly all **merce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays and harbors of the seaboard. Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the threshold of a new era of road development. Unableto finance road construction, states turned for help to **panies, organized by merchants and land speculators who had a personal interest in **munications with the interior. The pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania, which chartered a company in 1792 to construct a turnpike, a road for the use of which a toll, or payment, is collected, from Philadelphia to Lancaster. The legislature gave **pany the authority to erect tollgates at points along the road where payment would be collected, though it carefully regulated the rates. (The states had unquestioned authority to regulate private business in this period.)**pany built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike encouraged imitation. Northern states generally relied on **panies to build their toll roads, but Virginia constructed a network at public expense. Such was the road building fever that by 1810 New York alone had some 1,500 miles of turnpikes extending from the Atlantic to Lake Erie.Transportation on these early turnpikes consisted of freight carrier wagons and passenger stagecoaches. The **mon road freight carrier was the Conestoga wagon, a vehicle developed in the mid-eighteenth century by German immigrants in the area around Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It featured large, broad wheels able to negotiate all but the deepest ruts and holes, and its round bottom prevented the freight from shifting on a hill. Covered with canvas and drawn by four to six horses, the Conestoga wagon rivaled the log cabin as the primary symbol of the frontier. Passengers traveled in a variety of stagecoaches, the **mon of which had four benches, each holding three persons. It was only a platform on wheels, with no springs; slender poles held up the top, and leather curtains kept out dust and rain.32. Paragraph 1 discusses early road building in the United States mainly in terms of theA. popularity of turnpikesB. financing of new roadsC. development of the interiorD. laws governing road use33. The word "primitive" in line 1 is closest in meaning toA. unsafeB. unknownC. inexpensiveD. undeveloped34. In 1790 most roads connected towns in the interior of the country withA. other **munitiesB. towns in other statesC. river towns or seaportsD. construction sites35. The phrase "on the threshold of" in line 4 and 5 is closest in meaning toA. in need ofB. in place ofC. at the start ofD. with the purpose of36. According to the passage, why did states want **panies to help with road building?A. The states could not afford to build roads themselves.B. The states were not as well equipped as **panies.C. **panies **plete roads faster than the states.D. **panies had greater knowledge of the interior.37. The word "it" in line 11 refers toA. legislatureB. companyC. authorityD. payment38. The word "imitation" in line 14 is closest in meaning toA. investmentB. suggestionC. increasingD. copying39. Virginia is mentioned as an example of a state thatA. built roads without tollgatesB. built roads with government moneyC. completed 1,500 miles of turnpikes in one yearD. introduced new law restricting road use40. The "large, broad wheels" of the Conestoga wagon are mentioned in line 21 as an example of a feature of wagons that wasA. unusual in mid-eighteenth century vehiclesB. first found in GermanyC. effective on roads with uneven surfacesD. responsible for frequent damage to freightQuestion 41- 50:In Death V alley, California, one of the hottest, most arid places in North America, there is much salt, and salt can damage rocks impressively. Inhabitants of areas elsewhere, where streets and highways are salted to control ice, are familiar with the resulting rust and deterioration on cars. That attests to the chemically corrosive nature of salt, but it is not the way salt destroys rocks. Salt breaks rocks apart principally by a process called crystal prying and wedging. This happens not by soaking the rocks in salt water, but by moistening their bottoms with salt water. Such conditions exist in many areas along the eastern edge of central Death Valley. There, salty water rises from the groundwater table by capillary action through tiny spaces in sediment until it reaches the surface.Most stones have capillary passages that suck salt water from the wet ground. Death Valley provides an ultra-dry atmosphere and high daily temperatures, which promote evaporation and the formation of salt crystals along the cracks or other openings within stones. These crystals grow as long as salt water is available. Like tree roots breaking up a sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and eventually pry the rock apart along planes of weakness, such as banding in metamorphic rocks, bedding in sedimentary rocks, or preexisting or incipient fractions, and along boundaries between individual mineral crystals or grains. Besides crystal growth, the expansion of halite crystals(the same as everyday table salt) by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration can contribute additional stresses. A rock durable enough to have withstood natural conditions for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering within a few generations.The dominant salt in Death Valley is halite, or sodium chloride, but other salts, mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause prying and wedging, as does ordinary ice. Weathering by a variety of salts, though often subtle, is a worldwide phenomenon. Not restricted to arid regions, intense salt weathering occurs mostly in salt-rich places like the seashore, near the large saline lakes in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica, and in desert sections of Australia, New Zealand, and central Asia.41. What is the passage mainly about?A. The destructive effects of salt on rocks.B. The impressive salt rocks in Death Valley.C. The amount of salt produced in Death Valley.D. The damaging effects of salt on roads and highways.42. The word "it" in line 9 refers toA. salty waterB. groundwater tableC. capillary actionD. sediment43. The word "exert" in line 14 is closest in meaning toA. putB. reduceC. replaceD. control44. In lines 13-17, why does the **pare tree roots withgrowing salt crystals?A. They both force hard surfaces to crack.B. They both grow as long as water is available.C. They both react quickly to a rise in temperature.D. They both cause salty water to rise from the groundwater table.45. In lines 17-18, the author mentions the "expansion of halitecrystals...by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration"in order toA. present an alternative theory about crystal growthB. explain how some rocks are not affected by saltC. simplify the explanation of crystal prying and wedgingD. introduce additional means by which crystals destroy rocks46. The word "durable" in line 19 is closest in meaning toA. largeB. strongC. flexibleD. pressured47. The word "shattered" in line 20 is closest in meaning toA. arrangedB. dissolvedC. broken apartD. gathered together48. The word "dominant" in line 22 is closest in meaning toA. most recentB. **monC. least availableD. least damaging49. According to the passage, which of the following is true about theeffects of salts on rocks?A. Only two types of salts cause prying and wedging.B. Salts usually cause damage only in combination with ice.C. A variety of salts in all kinds of environments can cause weathering.D. Salt damage at the seashore is more severe than salt damage in Death Valley,50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about rocks that are found in areas where ice is common?A. They are protected from weathering.B. They do not allow capillary action of water.C. They show similar kinds of damage as rocks in Death Valley.D. They contain more carbonates than sulfates.。

SAT写作真题引言SAT写作是SAT考试中的一个重要组成部分，对于考生而言，掌握SAT写作的技巧和策略非常重要。

在备考过程中，熟悉SAT写作真题是提高写作水平的重要手段之一。

本文将介绍一道SAT写作真题，帮助考生了解SAT写作的考察内容和写作要求，并给出一份样例答案供参考。

SAT写作真题下面是一道来自SAT官方发布的写作真题：题目：是否认为医疗保健应该被视为基本权利？说明：请就题目中提到的问题，写一篇短文，在文章中阐述你的观点，并给出支持你观点的理由。

分析题目在回答这道题目时，我们首先需要理解题目所要求的内容。

题目中提到疑问句，在文章中必须表达出对医疗保健是否应该被视为基本权利的观点，并给出相关理由。

在分析题目后，我们可以开始撰写文章了。

答题思路第一段：引言首先，我们需要在第一段中引入话题，并明确自己的立场。

简称：医疗保健是否应该被视为基本权利？立场：我认为医疗保健应该被视为基本权利。

第二段：论点一接下来，我们可在第二段中阐述第一个理由，即医疗保健对于个人的重要性。

医疗保健对于个人的重要性不可忽视。

首先，每个人都有保持健康的权利。

健康是人类发展的基础，而医疗保健可以帮助人们保持健康、预防疾病和及时治疗。

没有基本的医疗保健，人们的健康受到威胁，甚至可能流于病痛和死亡。

因此，医疗保健被视为基本权利是合理的。

第三段：论点二然后，我们在第三段中阐述第二个理由，即医疗保健对于社会的重要性。

此外，医疗保健也对整个社会具有重要意义。

首先，医疗保健可以提高人们的生活质量。

只有身体健康的人才能充分发挥自己的潜力，为社会做出更大的贡献。

其次，医疗保健的普及可以减少社会医疗资源的不平等分配。

如果医疗保健不被视为基本权利，资源可能会被集中在少数人手中，导致社会贫富差距进一步加剧。

因此，将医疗保健视为基本权利是符合社会公平原则的。

第四段：论点三最后，在第四段中，我们可以列举相反的观点，并给出回应。

结尾可对整篇文章进行总结和概括。