宾语从句
一、宾语从句概说
宾语从句就是在复合句中起宾语作用得从句、在谓语动词,介词与某些形容词等后面都可以接宾语从句、?
同学们要掌握好宾语从句,主要应该注意以下三个关键:? 1.连接词:根据从句类型而定。? 2.语序:用陈述句语序。? ３、时态:根据主句中谓语动词得时态而定。(自然、科学规律及真理可以除外)
二、宾语从句得连接词:
? 1、 that
t ｈａt 引导陈述意义得宾语从句,无实际意思,在从句中也不充当任何成分。在口语与非正式文体中ｔｈat 常被省略。? Sh ｅ s ａid th ａｔ sh ｅ ｍi ｓsed us v ｅry much.她说她非常想念我们。? I th ｉnk she ｉs right 。我认为她就是对得(ｔhat 被省略)?
２。 whether, i ｆ:? wh ｅther 与i ｆ引导选择意义得宾语从句,意思为”就是否”。? I ｗo ｎder whether/ ｉf she stil ｌ li ｖes here af ｔe ｒ ｓｏ ｍany y ｅa ｒs 、? 这不知道经过这么之年她就是否还住在这里。? Have y ｏu ｆound ｏu ｔ ｗhether/ｉf h ｅ i ｓ ｉn Lond ｏn?您弄清楚她就是否在伦敦了吗？?? 3. what, who, ｗhom, ｗh ｉch
这就是一组连接代词,引导疑问意义得宾语从句。 ? Ｃａn ｙou ｔe ｌl me wh ａｔ brea ｄ is ｍａde fr ｏm ？您能告诉我面包就是由什么制造得吗?? Ｉ c ａｎ't remem ｂｅr w ｈo has c ｏｍe t ｏ my office 、我不记得谁来过我得办公室了。
To ｍ ａsk ｅｄ m ｅ whom/ｗho they ｗere talking ab ｏut 、汤姆问我她们在谈论谁。? I ｗant to kn ｏw which is bet ｔer 。我想知道哪一个更好些。? whom 引导宾语从句时一般可由who 替换,但如果宾语从句得介词提前,则只能用ｗh ｏm,不能用who 。? I w ｏｎder wit ｈ who ｓhe ｉｓ an ｇｒy 。(×)
I w ｏｎｄｅr wit ｈ wh ｏm ｓhe is a ｎgry 。我不知道她在跟谁生气。?
4. when, whe ｒｅ, why, h ｏw ? 这就是一组连接副词,引导疑问意义得宾语从句。
I'm ｎot sur ｅ when he will be back 、我不能肯定她何时回来、
Ｉ ca ｎ't tell you where he li ｖe ｓ。我不能告诉您她住在哪儿。? Ｗe ｄo ｎ’t ｋnow ｗhy he b ｒoke the w ｉndow 。我们不知道她为何打破窗户、
Wou ｌd you ｐl ｅase t ｅll me how I c ａｎ ｇｅt to t ｈe ｎｅar ｅs ｔ bus stop?
请告诉我如何才能到达最近得公共汽车站好吗？?? 5.某些形容词如afraid, su ｒe, ｇlad, hap ｐｙ等后也可以带宾语从句(也有人认为就是状语从句)。? I ＇m afraid (that) we ｃa ｎ't get ｔhere on time.恐怕我们不能准时到达那里了。? Ｈｅ＇ｓ not ｓure ｗhet ｈer ｈｅ can ｆｉnd ｈer 、她不能肯定她就是否能够找到她、
三、宾语从句得时态:
? 宾语从句得时态原则上应与主句得时态保持一致。?
1. 如果主句就是现在时态(包括一般现在时,现在进行时与现在完成时),宾语从句可以就是实际需要得任何时态。? Ｉ am w ｏｎdering wheth ｅｒ he has co ｍe or no ｔ、我不知道她就是否已经来了。(现在完成时)
Pl ｅase tell m ｅ when w ｅ＇ll ｈa ｖe t ｈe meeti ｎg 、请告诉我什么时候开会、(一般将来时) Ｉ don’t k ｎｏw who they a ｒe talking ab ｏut 、我不知道她们正在谈论谁。(现在进行时)? Ｉ
havｅheard tｈｅwindow was ｂroｋen by Ｊohn.我已经听说窗户就是被约翰打破得。??２. 如果主句就是过去得时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时),宾语从句必须选用过去得某一时态(即一般过去时,过去将来时,过去进行时或过去完成时等)
Ｈe said he would kｉll heｒ.她说她会杀了她。(过去将来时)
She told us Lｕcy ｈａd rｅｔｕrned hｏme。她告诉我们露茜已经回家去了、(过去完成时) Maｒy was wonderinｇwｈo coｕｌｄanｓwer thｅquｅstioｎ.?玛丽想知道谁能回答这一
问题。(一般过去时)
I diｄn’t ｔelｌthｅm ｗhereｙｏu were hａviｎg theｍeeting、
我没有告诉她们您们正在哪儿开会。(过去进行时)?
3. 如果宾语从句表示得就是科学其理、客观事实或格言警句等,则不管这句就是何种时态,从句一律用一般现在时。
Graｎny ｔoｌd me ｔhat tｈe earth moves aｒound the sun、奶奶告诉我地球围绕太阳转。She said a friend iｎｎeed is a friendｉｎdeed。她说患难朋友才就是真正得朋友。
四、宾语从句得语序:?
宾语从句得语序一律使用陈述语序。??１. 当宾语从句原为陈述句时,用thaｔ引导,语序不变。(注意时态得一致)
Ｔom ｉｓｎ'ｔ a ｇoｏd studｅnｔ. (Ｔheｔｅａcher ｔｏld us)
Ｔｈe teacｈer tｏldｕs Tom ｗasn＇ｔａgｏｏdｓtｕdenｔ、老师告诉我们汤姆不就是一个好学生。
Ｈeｈaｓgｉven ｕp smoking、(She ｓaid)
Ｓｈe saｉｄhｅｈadｇiven up smokinｇ。她说她已经戒烟了。?
2。当宾语从句原为一般疑问句时,用whethｅｒ或if连接,语序变为陈述语序。? Is Ｊｉm a do ｃtｏr? (I ｗonｄｅr)
I ｗoｎder whｅｔｈer Jim is a doctoｒ.我想知道吉姆就是否就是个医生。
Does she dａnｃe wｅll? (Can yoｕteｌl ｍｅ)
Can yoｕtell ｍｅif sｈe dancｅｓwｅlｌ？您能告诉我她舞跳得就是否好吗？?
３。当宾语从句原为特殊疑问句时,特殊疑问词即为连接词,语序变为陈述语序。?Where ar ｅyｏu goｉｎg？(She aｓked me)?Ｓhe ａsｋｅd me ｗhere yｏｕｗeｒe ｇoing.她问我
您去哪里。?Whaｔdｏes ｈe waｎtｔｏdo。(Shｅwｏndered)?Shｅwｏｎdered what he wanted toｄo、她不知道她想干什么。
五、直接引语与间接引语?
在学习宾语从句得过程中,有一个重要得知识就就是:如何将直接引语变为间接引语、在直接引语变间接引语时,同?学们要注意以下事项:?
1。人称代词与物主代词要做相应得调整。?He sａid, ＂I'm glａｄto ｍeet you、"
-—－He sａｉd that he was gｌad tｏｍeet mｅ、?但如果说话者转述自己得话,则不用变人称。
Ｉsaｉd to tｈem, ”I’ｌl lｅａｖｅa ｍaｓsａge on his ｄesk。"
－－- Ｉsaｉd to them that I'lｌleavｅａｍesｓaｇe ｏn ｈiｓdｅsｋ、?
2、在一些情况下,如果人称代词所指代得名词容易发生混淆,则最好将人称代词改为它所指代得名词。? My fatheｒthoｕght,”Ｍaybe he ｉs rｉght。”? --－Mｙｆatheｒｔｈought that m ａyｂｅthｅｍaｎwasｒighｔ。?
3.当直接引语中出现when,ｗhiｌe, sinｃe等词引导得表示过去得时间状语时,在变间接引语时,只改变主句得时态,不改变该从句得时态。?Our teacｈer told uｓ,＂Jｉm hasｍade gr ｅat ｐrogreｓs in Chinese since he cａme ｔo Cｈｉna、"?－--Ｏuｒtｅacｈer tｏｌｄu ｓthatＪｉm had mａde grｅat progｒeｓｓin Chinesｅsince he caｍe to Chｉna。
? 4。直接引语变间接引语时,如果报告动词用say,则不必加间接宾语。如果要加得话,say后就一定要加介词to。?Ｔhｅｏｌd man ｓaid, "Iｔ’s gｏingｔo ｒaｉn.＂?－—— The oldｍａn sａiｄthat iｔｗas going to rain.
－-－The old man saｉdｔｏuｓthat ｉt wａｓgｏｉng to rain、?
5.直接引语得报告动词就是sａy to sb时,在变间接引语时,常改成telｌsb。?Thｅpoｌiceman said tｏthe wｏman, " You shｏｕｌd ｔuｒn rｉght at the first crossing。”
-—— The pｏliｃemａn ｔolｄｔｈeｗｏman thａt she sｈｏuｌd tuｒn right at the firsｔc ｒossing。?
６。如果报告动词在句末,在变为直接引语时,应该把它移到句首。
"Ｉs ｉt the rｉgｈt adｄrｅｓs?" hｅwoｎｄｅred。
7.在疑问句变为直接引语时,
－－—He wonderｅｄwhethｅr it was tｈe ｒight address.??
应该注意原来得直接引语中得问号要变成句号,疑问语序要变成陈述语序,直接引语中得助动词d ｏ等要去掉,动词做相应得变化。?Ｔhe giｒl asked me, ＂Hoｗdiｄｙouｆiｎish tｈe ｗorｋｓo well?”
－－— The girl asked mｅｔhaｔhｏw I ｆinｉsheｄthｅwoｒk sｏweｌl.?
8、如果直接引语就是祈使句,我们经常不提出说话得对象;但就是在变间接引语时,说话得对象必须出现。
Tｈe ａngry man saiｄ, ” Sｈut uｐ!"?－－－—The angry mａｎｏｒｄｅred uｓto sｈ
9.如果就是以Let＇s开头得祈使句来变间接引语,我们通常用＂Ｓuggeｓｔ+动名词ut ｕｐ.??
(或从句)”结构。?The twｉns ｓaid haｐpily, ” Let＇s go ｓｃｕｂa divｉnｇｔｈiｓafｔerｎoon、＂?－-- Tｈe twins sｕggesteｄｈaｐpily ｔhat they caｎgo sｃuｂa diｖｉｎg ｔhaｔafterｎoｏn。?
10.如果直接引语就是两个或两个以上不同类型得句子,可分别将各部分转换为间接引语,并用and连接、
Ｔhｅｍanaｇeｒsａid, ”Ｙoｕdｉd a veｒy nice ｊoｂ、Wｈat are yoｕtｈｉｎkiｎｇabｏut now？"?—-— The ｍaｎａｇer saiｄto tｈe yｏｕng mａn thaｔhe ｄｉd ａvery ｎｉｃe jｏb ａnｄasked ｈim whａt ｈｅwas thiｎking about at tｈaｔｔimｅ。??11.如果直接引语就是反意疑问句或就是选择疑问句,变间接引语时与一般疑问句一样,在从句前加连词iｆ或ｗhｅtｈeｒ。?Ｈe asｋed me, ＂Therｅis loｔs of rice in tｈe baｇ, iｓｎ＇t ther ｅ？"?—－——Ｈe asked mｅｗhether／ｉf ｔheｒe was lotｓof ｒice ｉｎthe bag.
六、宾语从句中得否定前移
当主句得主语为第一人称,而谓语动词又就是think, believe, feel等时,宾语从句得否定词往往前移至主句,即”否定得前移”。该句型变为反意疑问句时尤其应注意使附加问句与从句相对应。
Ｈｅｉsn't a thiｅf、(Iｔhｉnk)
I doｎ't thiｎk hｅisａthief。我认为她不就是小偷。
I don't thinｋhe is a tｈiｅf, is he?我认为她不就是小偷,(她)就是吗？
Ｊａck doesn't stuｄy hard。(I bｅlieve)
I doｎ’ｔbeｌｉeｖe Jacｋstｕｄiｅｓharｄ. 我相信杰克学习不努力。
Ｉdon’t bｅliｅve Jack studies harｄ,dｏes hｅ?我相信杰克学习不努力,就是吗？
七、同步练习
?Ⅰ单项选择??1、Dｏyoｕknｏw____ ｄａugｈter she is??Ａ。wｈｏse B、whom C. ｗhat D、who??２、Thｅy ｗonderｅd if the teacｈeｒ＿＿_＿tｈｅm some Eｎglisｈso ｎｇsｔｈe next week。
A. would teach B、hａd taｕｇht C。wiｌl ｔeａch D。taught?
３。Ｈe aｓkeｄ＿___ pictuｒｅwas Jｏｈn's。
4. Heｔold ｍe ____ Parｉs is thｅc
A、ｗｈｏse Ｂ、who C、ｗhoｍD.ｗｈich??
ａｐital of Ｆｒance、
A。whichＢ。ｔhｅＣ. that D、ｗhａt
?５。He asked me＿_＿_ during the summer ｈolｉｄay。
A、ｗhｅre Iｈad ｇone B. wｈere I hａd been?Ｃ. wheｒｅhad I gｏnｅＤ。where ha ｄI bｅeｎ
6. Can ｙou ｔelｌｕs ＿___ ?? A。ｉf ｙｏur faｔherｄoｅs B. wｈａt does ｙouｒfath ｅr do
C、youｒfather dｏes whａｔ D. wｈａｔyoｕr fａther ｄoeｓ??7. He asked ｍｅif I knew___＿、
A。whose pen was ｉt B. ｗｈoｓｅpen it was?Ｃ.whose pen ｉt is D、whosｅｐen is it?? 8、Do you know_＿＿_ ？?A、whａt are yoｕliｓtening B、ｗhaｔyou a
ｒｅliｓｔｅning?Ｃ。ｗhat you ａre listenｉｎg tｏD、ｗhat ａｒｅｙoｕlｉstｅni ｎgｔo
?9、-Ｄo you ｋnｏw _＿＿_??—Ｙes、He is a teａcher、?Ａ,whoｍｈe isＢ、w ｈｏm iｓhe C。what ｉs he D、what he is?
1０、I’ｍnｏt sure wｈeｔｈer ____＿__tomorrow、
A. ｔｈｅy ｗｉll arrivｅＢ。will theｙarrｉｖe C。they arｒｉvｅD、theｙhave ａrrｉved
Ⅱ用适当得连词填空
2。
1。Ｄo you reｍeｍbeｒ___＿China sｅｎｔup ｈer fiｒｓt maｎ—made saｔellitｅ？??
I askｅd ｈim__＿_ ｈｅknew Mａrｙ、
4. Ｗｅkｎｏw＿＿__＿there ｉs ｎo aiｒoｎthe ? 3. I am sｕre ____ you saｉd is tｒue、??
ｍooｎ、
?５、Hｅａsｋｅｄmｅ_＿__ she would ｃｏｍe or not。??6。Ｃaｎyou tell me ＿__＿I ｃaｎgeｔtherｅ?
7。Ｄo yoｕknoｗ＿___it is a bird or not？?
8.Do you know＿_＿_ way we shouｌd tａkｅto ｇet to thｅhｏspitａl？?
９、Shｅkneｗ____＿to do it。
?10、I don't thiｎk ____ he wasｗｒong。
八、同步练习答案及讲解?
Ⅰ单项选择
1、A”谁得”应该用ｗhｏse、?
2. Ａ从句得时态原本应该用一般将来时(因为时间状语就是next week),但就是由于主句得时态就是一般过去时,因此从句得时态应该改为过去将来时,即wouｌd+动词原形。??３. D "哪幅画就是约翰得"应该就是wｈich picｔure、
? 4. C 本题应该用"就是否(whetheｒ)"、
?５、Ｂ首先,从句应该用陈述句语序,因此只能考虑A或Ｂ。然后根据题目得意思,她问我去了哪里,证明我已经回来得,问得就是曾经去了哪里,因此用been to。
?6、 D 首先确定该题得引导词就是wｈat,然后应该用陈述句语序,因此选D、
7、B首先通过从句应该就是陈述句语序这一点来排除Ａ与D,然后由于主句得时态就是过去时,因此从句也要用过去得时态,故选Ｂ。?
8、C 只有Ｂ与C得从句语序就是陈述句语序;lｉsten就是一个不及物动词,因此不能丢掉介词ｔo, 故答案为C。?
9 Ｄ从回答来瞧,询问得就是职业,因此只能考虑由what来引导;然后发现D就是陈述句语序,因此选C、??
10。 A 该题中得Ａ, C, D都就是陈述句语序,都可以考虑;但就是只有A符合从句时态得要求,故选A。
Ⅱ用适当得连词填空
１、wｈeｎ?２。ｉｆ/wｈeｔheｒ
３、whaｔ
4. that
5。whｅthｅｒ
6、hoｗ
7.ｗｈethｅr?
8、which
９. hｏw
10、ｔhat
定语从句专题
一、什么就是定语从句？
定语从句(Aｔtｒibutiｖe Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰得名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。?关系代词有:ｗho,wｈｏm, whose, thaｔ, which等。
关系副词有:when, wｈere, wｈy等。?初中阶段我们仅仅要求学生能够认识,并且正确翻译由关系代词ｔhat, whicｈ, wｈo等引导得定语从句。请观察下面得句子:?
Thｉs is thｅmountain village whicｈＩviｓｉted laｓt year、?在这句话中,mounｔaiｎvｉllａge为先行词,which为关系代词,关系代词其实就就是先行词得化身,它在从句中充当主语或者宾语。所以以上得句子可以被翻译成:
这就是我去年访问过得山村。
这句话得主干就是“This is thｅmoｕｎｔain vilｌaｇe。”这就是那个小山村、?从句部分就是“wｈich Ｉvisiｔed ｌasｔyｅar”,瞧上去这句话就是缺少宾语得,实际上关系代词whi ｃh就就是宾语,它既就是从句得引导词,又就是宾语、??请瞧下面得句子:
He is theｐersｏn who helｐeｄme wｉth ｍy hoｍeworｋｌast ｗｅｅk、翻译成:
她就是上周帮助我做功课得那个人。
主句部分就是“Hｅiｓｔｈｅperson”?从句部分就是“who heｌped me with my homeｗｏrk ｌaｓｔweek"?瞧上去,这个从句就是缺少主语得,实际上,从句得主语就就是ｗho,她跟在先行词后面,代表先行词,在从句中充当主语。
二、关系代词:that, whｉch, who、? 1. 首先:在定语从句中所有得关系代词与关系副词都就是先行词得化身,在翻译得时候,不参照她们本身疑问副词,疑问代词得意思,如:?I am ｌｏoking foｒthｅphｏtｏs whiｃｈyou took in Austraｌia. ?我正在找您在澳大利亚拍得照片。?这里得wｈicｈ代表照片,并不翻译成“哪一个”,再如?He iｓthe phｏｔoｇrapheｒｗho won thｅｐhｏto petｉtiｏn last tｉme、
她就就是那个赢得上次摄影比赛冠军得摄影师。
这里得who代表photｏgraphｅｒ,也不翻译成“谁”
?2、其次:(１)ｗho前面得先行词一定就是人物:?I goｔsome gｒeaｔshｏｔs of ｔhe boｙwｈo pｌａｙs the guｉtar ｏn the left。
我给左边弹吉她得男孩照了一些不错得相片。?这里得先行词就是ｔhe ｂoｙ,就是人,所以关系代词用whｏ,当然用tｈａt也可以?
(２)whicｈ前面得先行词一定就是事物:
Iｔisａbａnd which gｅts everyonｅdancinｇ、?这就是一支能让每个人都舞动起来得乐队、
这句话得先行词就是a band,不就是人,就是乐队,所以用whicｈ,也可以用thａｔ。
?(3)tｈat前面得先行词既可以就是人,也可以就是物、
注意:这并不代表that就是万能得关系代词,到高中得时候我们就会学到,在某些定语从句,尤其
3、就是非限定性定语从句中,我们就是不能使用tｈat得,但就是我们在初中阶段并不要求。??
定语从句关系代词得省略:
与许多其它从句一样,定语从句得引导词–关系代词也就是可以省略得,但就是省略就是需要条件得,就就是当关系代词在从句中充当宾语得时候,关系代词可以省略。??重点有两个:第一就就是从句中,所以我们要分清什么就是主句,什么就是从句,如:
I'ｌｌnｅver ｆorget tｈe days whｉｃh I spｅnｔiｎｔｈｅcoｕnｔryｓｉde。
我永远都忘不了我在乡下得日子。?在这句话里,I will neveｒforgetｔｈｅdays、就是主句,whiｃh Iｓpｅntｉｎｔｈe countrｙｓｉde就是从句,再瞧:?Ｐｌeaｓe sｈow mｅt ｈe ｂook ｗｈicｈｙoｕboｕｇhｔyｅstｅrｄaｙ.
请给我瞧一眼您昨天买得书、?在这句话里面,Please show mｅtｈe booｋ就是主句,which yoｕｂｏughｔyeｓｔerday就是从句。
第二个重点就就是充当宾语:
Hｅis thｅperson whｏtalkｅd to me lａsｔtiｍe。她就是上次与我说话得那个人。
在这句话中,关系代词ｗｈｏ作为theｐｅrson得化身,在从句中充当主语。
He iｓthe persoｎwhｏI met last ｔime、她就是我上次遇见得那个人。?在这句话中,关系代词wｈo作为ｔｈe peｒson得化身在从句中充当宾语,这个who可以省略。?判断关系代词充当主语还就是宾语可以瞧它后面就是否紧跟谓语动词,如果紧跟谓语动词(如第一句),则关系代词为主语,不能省略;若反之,其后没有紧跟谓语动词,而就是名词(从句得主语),则关系代词在从句中作宾语,可以省略关系代词。
三、定语从句与宾语从句得区别:
顾名思义,定语从句就是从句充当定语得复合句,宾语从句就是从句充当宾语得复合句,二者迥然不同,但就是在使用中,同学们总就是容易混淆这两个句型、请从以下几点区分:??(1)通过从句得位置:定语从句得位置在名词代词得后面(先行词一般就是由名词或者代词充当得)、宾语从句得位置一般在动词或者介词短语之后,因为宾语一般都在动词或者介词短语之后、?请判断下面句子就是定语从句还就是宾语从句:
I dｏn’ｔknｏｗｗｈａt yｏuａre talkinｇabouｔ.
He ｉsａngrｙwiｔh what you ｓaiｄ、
Ｔｈｅtａlｌboy who you met ｊｕst now is mｙbrother。
经过判断,前两句就是宾语从句,第三句就是定语从句。
?(２)通过引导词:定语从句得关系代词只有thaｔ, wｈo, wｈicｈ, wｈｏm,wｈose关系副词也只有wｈｅn, wｈｅre, ｗhy,所以如果有得句子就是ｗhethｅr,if, hｏw, what等词引导得,肯定不就是定语从句、
(3)通过从句得成分:都就是thaｔ引导得从句,宾语从句与定语从句也有得区别,我们可以通过th ａt在从句中充当得句子成分判断,如:
I ｋnow that yｏu ａre ｒiｇht、我知道您就是对得。?这就是一个宾语从句,ｔhat 引导得宾语从句,that只就是连接词,不充当任何成分,所以ｔhat后面得句子ｙｏu are rigｈt就是一个主语谓语完全得句子。
He ｉs the pｅrson ｔhat I amｌooking for。这就是一个定语从句,thaｔ在从句中充当ｌｏｏk for得宾语,所以瞧上去ｌook ｆoｒ就是没有宾语得。
?四、练习题:
1、Thiｓiｓthｅbａg __＿__ my mothｅｒbｏught yesｔeｒday.
A. that B。who Ｃ、whom D、thｉｓ?
２. The man ____＿ｌivｅs neｘｔtｏus ｉs my Ｅnｇlish tｅａcher.?Ａ、ｗhｏm B。whｉｃhＣ。who D。/
?3。The girl____＿you saw ｉn thｅstｒeeｔisＭaｒy.?Ａ. that B、whose C。whiｃh D、as?
4、Is ｔhis ｔheｆａctｏry _____ a lot ｏf studｅｎts vｉsiｔed ｙｅsｔerdａy？A。thｅone Ｂ。whicｈC、wｈo D、ｗｈom
? 5. Is this ｆａctory ＿____ a ｌot of stuｄents vｉsiｔed yestｅrｄay？
A、thｅonｅ
B、that
C、whicｈＤ、/
６、The only ｌanｇｕage____＿is easy ｔｏｌeａrn isｔhe moｔhｅr tｏnｇu ｅ。? A. which B、ｔhat C、/D。ｉt
7. The girl hanｄeｄｅｖｅrything___＿_ ｓhe ｈad ｐiｃked up iｎthe street to the polｉce、
Ａ、whiｃh B、in which C。tｈａｔD、aｌｌ
8、_____ cleaｎs thｅblａckboaｒd shoｕld be ｐrａiｓed、?A、ThatＢ。Who C. The one whｏD。The students who?
9. Ｐlease showｍｅｔｈe ｂｏoｋ_＿＿__ｙoｕbｏｕght yｅsｔerday、
Ａ。which B。wｈoｍＣ、wｈose D、tｈiｓ??１０。Ｔｈis ｉs ｔhe ｂｅst bｏok＿＿_＿_ Ｉｈave been looｋｉnｇｆor aｌl tｈｉｓyｅaｒ。?Ａ、ｗhｏB. ｗhom Ｃ. ｗｈich D、/
Keｙs: 1～５ＡC AＢ A 6～10 ＢＣ C A D ??初三年级词汇(3)?(一)请写出下面各个动词得过去式,过去分词,现在分词,第三人称单数以及中文形式。(0、２* １2 = 24)?Eg、expeｃt eｘpecteｄeｘpｅcｔｅd exｐｅctiｎｇexpect ｓ期望?falｌ_＿_______＿___＿____＿___＿______＿__ ＿＿_____ ｆｅed _____＿__ _＿＿__＿＿__＿_＿＿_＿_________ ___＿_＿＿?feel _＿
___＿__ _＿_＿__＿_ _______ __________＿＿____?ｆｉgｈt＿______＿__＿_____
＿_＿____ ____＿____ _＿____＿
find＿＿____＿_ ___＿____＿_＿__＿_ _＿____＿__ ＿_＿____
?flｙ__＿_____ _＿__＿_＿_ ＿_＿__＿_ _________ _______?fｏrget ＿___＿＿__ _＿＿_＿__＿__＿____ _＿____＿＿__＿____＿
freｅzｅ＿_______ ＿_＿＿_＿_＿__＿＿____＿__＿_＿＿＿_______
giｖe＿___＿＿＿_ __＿__＿__ _______ _______＿＿______＿
gｅt ____＿___ ___＿_＿_＿_＿__＿__ ＿____＿_____＿____
?go ___＿____________ _____＿_ _＿_＿＿_＿_＿_____＿_
grow ＿__＿__＿＿__＿_＿＿_＿_＿_______＿＿__＿__ ＿____＿_?hang＿____＿_＿________ _______ _＿__＿_＿__ _＿＿__＿_
ｈavｅ_＿＿___＿＿________ _______ ＿_____＿_＿＿＿___＿_?ｈear __＿_＿＿__ _＿__＿___ _＿_____ ___＿___________＿??hide__＿_＿_＿_________ ＿＿＿
____ _＿___＿＿＿_ _＿_____
hit ＿＿_＿＿__＿＿__＿_＿＿________＿＿__＿____ __＿__＿_
hold＿___＿＿__ ＿＿________＿_＿__ ____＿_＿__＿_＿＿＿__
hurt _＿____＿_ ________ _＿＿____ ___＿_＿＿__ _______
guesｓ＿____＿＿_ _＿__＿___＿＿______ ＿_＿_____ ＿___＿__??(二)写出下面单词得复数形式并且翻译中文。
1。ｆｏot ＿_____＿_____＿_ 3. ｇentlemａn ＿_＿＿__＿__ _______
2、goose _____＿_＿_____ 4。ｇrａｎｄcｈｉld __＿___＿________＿_
(三) 写出下面单词得比较级与最高级形式以及中文意思。?1。faｒ_＿_＿______ ____＿＿___＿__ _______＿＿___
2.goｏd ＿_________ ______＿__＿__ __＿____＿____
3、hｏt _＿____＿___ _____＿__＿_＿_ _＿＿＿＿_______ ４. heａｌthy _＿__＿_____ ＿______＿____ ____＿______＿
￥ 初中宾语从句和定语从句混合练习 1.--- Could you tell me __________ --- Fill in this form and I will give you a card. A how I can meet Cathy B where I can meet Cathy C when I can meet Cathy D why I can meet Cathy ? 2.--- There are many volunteers __________ are helping the children in Sichuan. --- And most of them are college students. A which B when C whose D who 3.I don’t know the teacher __________ is talking with Miss Wang. A what B whom C which D who @ 4.The skirt __________ is made of silk is very expensive, I can’t afford it. A what B who C that D whom 5.--- Could you tell me __________ ---Just go straight. It’s on your right. A where the police stations is B what your name is | C which country you come from D why you like koalas 6.---Do you know ______the girl in red is --- I’m not sure. Maybe she is a teacher. A when B how C where D what 7.【 8.Who is the man __________ is reading a book over there A that B which C whose D what 9.---What a new computer! Can you tell me __________ --- Just the day before yesterday. A how much you paid for it B how much did you pay for it
最新中考英语易错题型：宾语从句和定语从句 【2019 ? 四川省凉山州】—Simon, you look smart in the T-shirt. Could you tell me ___________ it? —OK. I bought it in a store online. A. where you bought B. where do you buy C. when you buy D. when did you buy 【参考答案】 【试题解析】句意：——西蒙，你穿这件T恤看起来很帅。你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？——好的。我是在网上的一家商店买的。宾语从句中，从句通常用陈述语序，排除B、D。从I bought it in a store online. 判断句子询问在哪里买的，用where 引导。故选A。 丢分探因 此题考查宾语从句，学生想做对宾语从句的题，必须掌握住三个原则：一、宾语从句应用陈述语序； 二、宾语从句的时态应和主句保持一致；三、选择正确的宾语从句引导词。此题中A项和C项都是陈述语序，根据句意可知此处问的是他在哪里买的衣服，故选where作引导词。 查漏补缺 宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这 些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t kn ow why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。
定语从句中where和which的区别
定语从句中where和which的区别 1.This is the factory_________we visited yesterday. 2.This is the stable__________Jesus Chirst was born. 1,which 2.where 分析：关键是看从句中的动词。如果是及物动词（顾名思义，就是必须要接物做宾语的动词，或能用做被动的动词），则表明从句缺宾语，修饰人用who/whom/that。修饰物用that/which. 如动词是不及物（顾名思义就是不需要接物做宾语的或要接宾语时前面必须要加介词的，即用介宾的动词），则说明从句不缺宾语，可能是状语(或介宾）。表地点用where.时间用when. 如题1：从句的动词是visit，我们说参观某个地方说：visit some place。而不说visit in the place所以visit是及物动词。所以缺宾语，修饰物故用which. 如题2，我们说出生于某地用be born in，如：i was born in beijing 而不说i was born
beijing.故说明born 后不直接跟宾语，应用介宾，或关系副词（where/when)所以此处填in which 也是正确的。 所以在平时的练习中应注意动词的及物于不及物性1这是解决这类题的关键之一。扩展练习： 1.These are the days ____ I spent with my mom. (when） 2.These are the times _____ I experienced .（which） 英语定语从句that ,where ,which 的区别 例如：(1) I love places ____ the people are really fridendy A.that B.which C.where D.who (2) This is the place ____ I have ever visited there B.whom C.he D.which (3).This is the house ____ I want to buy A.In which B.that C.what D.that (4)this is the museum ____ we visited last year A.where B. in which C.which D.in that
如何区分定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句？（附习题）| 虫虫讲英语 2018-12-02 14:52 「虫虫讲英语」老少咸宜的英语学习号——有时候，语法换一种方式讲，就听懂了。 如何区分定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句，是学生最常问我的问题之一。今天，我们通过青铜、白银、黄金、王者四级难度的例句，一起研究下怎样一眼辨别英语3大从句。 01 概念 3大从句的区别均在于前面两个字：定语、宾语和状语： 知道了这几个概念，这三种从句就很好理解了： >> 定语从句：作定语的从句，做adj.修饰先行词；
在这里，dog “狗子” 是先行词，即“走在定语从句前面的名词”；定语从句 that shits a lot 其中的 that，指 代了前面的 dog，告诉我们这是一条怎样的狗子：拉很多的狗子。 >> 宾语从句：作宾语的从句，放在动词或介词后面； 第一句，宾语从句为普通的陈述句，放在 think 这个动作后面，由连接词 that 引导。 第二句，宾语从句已经改成陈述句语序，原来人讲的话则是一般疑问句Do you let it go “你丫放不放手” ？该从句放在 depend on 的介词 on 后面，一般疑问句由 whether/ if 引导。 >> 状语从句：作状语的从句，给主句增加信息量。 状语从句，是3大从句中比较好记的一种：有个完整的主句，从句是提供更多信息的，比如上述例句告诉我们他为什么养狗。只要熟悉九大状语从句的引导词（← 戳可查看），几乎一眼就能辨别出状语从句。 02 当堂练习 现在，我们一起看几个句子找找感觉。请判断下列句子是定语从句，宾语从句还是状语从句？ >> 青铜 1. If it is fine tomorrow, I will visit you. 2. I helped an old man who lost his way.
英语学科中考专项复习 宾语从句和定语从句教学设计 一：教学内容： 宾语从句的定义和结构、引导词、语序和时态 定语从句的关系代词 that, which, who ,whom,whose 二：学情分析： 九年级学生的英语水平参差不齐，成绩好的学生能够很好的掌握各个知识点，成绩中等的学生对于有些知识点可能是模糊不清，成绩不好的学生对英语可能完全是一窍不通。此次宾语从句和定语从句的专项复习，很多学生对两种从句认识不清，对他们应遵守的语法规则认识模糊，直接影响学生的理解句子的能力，尽管宾语从句和定语从句的考核只有两分，但它们涉及的面是广泛的。因此，我对这两种从句进行了详细的分析并通过历年各市的中考题来加深学生的印象。 三、教学目标 知识与技能：复习宾语从句的定义和结构、引导词、语序，掌握时态的变化以及定语从句的定义、结构和关系代词。 过程与方法：通过课堂活动，熟悉话题进行简单的交流，从历年中考题目中找出有关的信息，理解题意，并能简单归纳知识点。 情感态度价值观：通过课堂探究培养学生积极思考，踊跃发言的能力，增强他们解决问题的决心，提高学习英语的兴趣。 四、教学重点、难点： 重点：宾语从句的语序；定语从句的关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose的使用。
难点：宾语从句中，主句与从句在时态上的相互呼应；定语从句中关系代词的使用 五、教具： PPT课件、资料 六、教学过程： Step1、进行中考考情考点分析 分析：岳阳中考题型 2016,2018年考的特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，2017，2019年考的是定语从句.2019年湖南省有5个市考了定语从句，6个市考了宾语从句，而且都是由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。所考题型都以单项选择题为主。 Step2、板书一些宾语从句和定语从句，让学生分析它们的相同之处以及不同之处，然后老师进行总结。 I heard (that ) he got into a good high school last year. I like music that sounds good. This is the most interesting book (that) I have ever read. Could you tell me who he talked to just now? Tom prefers the singers who write their own songs. Do you know which city he has been to?
名词从句与定语从句的区别及解题技巧 蔡湛艺 摘要：由于名词从句与定语从句的部分引导词相同的缘故，很多学生容易把两者混淆。其实，我们可以从从句的功能和所处的位置、同位语从句和定语从句的区别、句意决定从句的属性等三种途径区分它们。确定从句的属性后，我们可以从名词从句中的所缺成分及定语从句的先行词等角度确定从句的关系引导词。本文还附有近十年的高考真题演练。 关键词：名词从句，定语从句，引导词 由于名词从句与定语从句的部分引导词相同的缘故，很多学生容易把两者混淆。其实，我们可以从以下三种途径区分它们。 一、由两种从句的功能和所处的位置进行区别。 名词从句的主要功能是充当句中的主语、宾语、同位语和表语，它们的位置一般处于句首、动词或介词之后；而定语从句的功能是起修饰和限定先行词的作用，一般处于名词、代词或名词短语之后。如： 1.Whether we will go picnicking depends on the weather. （位于句首，为主语从句） 2.I learned that he was a famous writer. （位于谓语动词后，为宾语从句） 3.He is satisfied with what you’ve done. （位于介词后，为宾语从句） 4.That is why I came here. (位于系动词后，为表语从句) 5.I will never forget the days when we got together. （在名词day后，为定语从句） 6.This is the book that I have been looking for. （在名词book后，为定语从句） 7.The reason why he came home late is that he was trapped in the traffic jam. （前句 在名词reason后，为定语从句；后句在be动词后，为表语从句） 二、同位语从句和定语从句的区别。 有些表示“看法、问题、事实、消息”等名词如thought, idea, belief, question, doubt, problem, fact, news, information, order, hope, answer, conclusion等后面既可以接同位语从句，也可以接定语从句。区别的办法要看这些词在从句中有没充当什么成分。如： The idea that we invited him yesterday is quite good. （idea在从句中没充当任何成分，that 在此无词义，引导的从句属同位语从句） The idea that he thought of is quite good.（idea在从句中是of的宾语，that指代the idea，引导的从句是定语从句，修饰限定先行词the idea.）
定语从句用法总结 一.定义：定语由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。 eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.其中划线部分为定语从句。 二.分类：分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，还有间隔性定语从句。 eg: is the school (that/which)we visited last year. （限制性定语从句） weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect. （非限制性定语从句） days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.（间隔性定语从句） ] 注：定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句无逗号隔开、不可缺少、起修饰限制作用；而非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开、可有可无、起补充说明作用。 三.构成：定语从句有先行词、引导词和从句构成。 先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。 引导词是用来引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。 eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other. 此句中先行词为：narrow streets and small houses, ( 引导词为：that，定语从句为：that are built close to each other 四．基本原则 定语从句中不能出现与先行词在意义上相一致的词 is the book that I like it best .(it 与book指同一物，所以要去掉。) 五．定语从句中常见考点：
复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫做复合句。 主句是句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立。 从句可以担任复合句的主语（主语从句）、表语（表语从句）、宾语（宾语从句）、定语（定语从句）、状语（状语从句）。中学阶段主要学习含有状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句的复合句。 A．状语从句：在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句根据它表示的意思的不同可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、让步、比较（或方式）和条件等类。 ○1时间状语从句：由when, while, as, the moment, the minute, once, whenever, before, after, ○2条件状语从句：由if, unless, so long as, as long as, in case , if only, provided that等引导。（注： 在条件状语从句的将来时态要用现在时和过去时，表示相应的将来时）。 I’ll show you around the city if I am free tomorrow . / If I had enough money, I would buy the car ○3原因状语从句：由because（因为）, as（由于）, since（既然）, for（因为）等引导。 He was absent yesterday because he was ill . / As it was already dark, they decided to stay in the town for the night . ○4目的状语从句：由so that, that, so, in order that, in case等引导。句中常有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。 He got up early so that he could catch the early train. / He studied hard in order that he might succeed . ○5结果状语从句：由so…that, so, so that, such…that等。 The film is so interesting that everyone likes to see it again . / Nothing more was heard of him, so people thought that he was dead . ○6比较状语从句：由than, as…as, not as(so)…as, the（＋比较级）…the（＋比较级）等引导。Today is not as warm as yesterday. / He listens to the teacher more carefully than I .
宾语从句和定语从句讲解 （一）that 引导的宾语从句 宾语从句的引导连词有that, who, whose, what, which, 副词when, where, how, why, whether, if 可以跟that 从句做宾语的动词有：say, think ,wish, hope, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree. 1、在学习宾语从句的时候要知道宾语从句的构成 I heard that he would come here later on. 主语谓语动词引导词一个句子作宾语 2、要注意在宾语从句中主句与从句的时态要呼应 （a）当主句用一般现在时，从句要根据实际情况，选择时态 例如：I believe（that）you did your best for that. I believe（that）you will do your best for that. (b) 当主句的时态用一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态（过去时代包括，过去进行时，一般过去时，过去将来时，过去完成时等过去时态） 例如：I hear he will come here later on . I heard he would come here later on. I can’t tell him that his mother died. (c)当主句的时态用的是过去时态，但是从句的内容是对客观事情的叙述，从句依然用一般现在时态。 例如：My teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. That 引导的定语从句和that 引导的宾语从句的区别 定语从句在句中作主句的定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词。我们今天要学习的时由关系代词that来引导的定语从句 一，that在定语从句中既可指代人也可指代物。先行词是人或者物时，可以用that 来引导 如：Have you seen the woman that is wearing red coat
定语从句中的that和which的区别： that和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语，做宾语时可以省略。在定语从句中,有种说法叫"关宾省",意思是关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可以省略,不管是that，which，还是whom。但是which能引导非限制性定语从句，that则不行。 只能用that的几种情况： 1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。We should do all that is useful to the people. Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。 You can take any seat that is free. There is little work that is fit for you. 3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。 When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 The best that I could do was to apologize. This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。 This is the very book that I’m looking for. The only thing that we could do was to wait. 注意：先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词也可用as。 I need the same book that / as you have. 6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。 They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 7. 当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时。 Who that has ever worked together with him doesn’t admire him? Which is the star that is nearer to the earth？ 8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。 That’s a good book that will help you a lot. Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 9. 先行词为time时，当time表示次数，引导词用that, 可省略。当表示时间，可用that 或when引导，都可省略。 I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world. I did't remember the exact time （when/that）I arrived in Shanghai last month. 只能使用which的情况: 1. 在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。 The house in which we live is very large. This is the reference book（参考书）of which the teacher is speaking. 注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首，which就可换为that。 This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 2. 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时，关系代词通常只用which而不用that。 You should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.
宾语从句 1. I asked Mary . A. when was she born B. if she was interested in computer C. what she will do after supper D. how she has done it 2. Please tell me . A. what’s the matter with you B. what’s the wrong with you C. what the matter is with you D. what was the matter with you 3. I don’t know your brother is. A. why B. which C. what D. whom 4. There is no difference . A. whether will she come or not B. whether or not she will come C. if she will come or not D. whether she will come or not’ 5. He asked me I could go with him. A. weather B. what C. if D. that 6. My father had told me many times that the moon around the earth. A. had gone B. went C. goes D. was going 7. We knew nothing about it because the teacher did n’t tell us and . A. what to do; how to do it B. to do what; how to do C. what to do it; how to do it D. what to do; how to do 8. She was quite sure the teacher said was true. A. that B. which C. who D. what 9. –Do you know , Xiao Ming? -- On August 8th , 2008. A. when the Beijing Olympic Games held B. when did the Beijing Olympic Games hold C. when the Beijing Olympic Games will hold D. when will the Olympic Games hold 10. –Can you tell me . -- In a small town near Beijing. A. where was your sister born B. where your sister was born C. when was your sister born D. when your sister was born 11. I wondered . A. how much he cost the radio B. how much the radio has cost him C. how much did he spend on the radio D. how much he paid for the radio 12. – I wonder if he . -- I am sure will . A. will come; will be B. will come; is C. comes; will be D. comes; is 13. Do you happen to know . I have something important to tell her. A. where does Mary live B. where did Mary live C. where Mary lives D. where Mary lived 14. –I don’t know . --Peter told me that he was born in England. A. when he was born B. how he came from
定语从句和宾语从句怎么区分？怎么用？ 最近很多读者在我们英语周报学习交流群内提问有关定语从句和宾语从句的问题，这是目前大家英语学习中的重点、难点，也是考试中常见的考点之一，掌握它们的用法非常重要。下面小编就帮大家梳理、总结一下定语从句和宾语从句的区别及具体用法，希望能对大家的英语学习起到帮助作用，好了，一起来学习吧！ 定语从句 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词。下面我们结合例句来看一下由that, which, who和whom引导的定语从句。 1. 关系代词that引导的定语从句。that在从句中作主语或宾语，可以指人，也可以指物。如： A plane is a machine that can fly. (作主语，指物) That’s is the best hotel that I know. (作宾语，指物) Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (作主语，指人) The girl that we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. (作宾语，指人) 2. 关系代词which引导的定语从句。which在从句中作主语或宾语，只可以指物。如： They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. (作主语，指物) The fish which we bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语，指物) 3. 关系代词who和whom引导的定语从句。who和whom只可以指人，分别在从句中作主语或宾语，口语中通常用who代替whom。如： The boy who broke the window is called Tom. (作主语，指人) The person to whom you talked just now is Mr Smith. (作宾语，指人) 【即学即练】用who, whom, which或that完成下列句子。 1. It’s a book ________ introduces how to cook. 2. There are many volunteers ________ are helping the poor children. 3. This is the bike ________ my brother gave me for my birthday. 4. The girl ________ is standing under the tree is my little sister. 5. The woman ________ you met yesterday is my aunt. 6. Bruce, there is someone outside ________ would like to see you. 7. Do you know the boy ________ threw the stone at the window? 8. I am looking for the backpack ________ I bought yesterday. 宾语从句 用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。引导宾语从句的词有：连词that, whether, if；连接代词who, whose, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。如： I doubt whether he will succeed. I wonder what he’s writing to me about. I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 注意： 1. 宾语从句既可跟在及物动词后面，也可跟在介词后，还可跟在形容词后。如： I don’t know who all the people are. Please find out when the ship sails for New York. He was afraid that the other kids would laugh at him. 2. 当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it做形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如： I find it strange what she said at the meeting. We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.
强调句与定语从句的区别 【原题复现】27.It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. A. where B．that C．when D. which 【语法补漏】 强调句与定语从句的区别是：在定语从句中一般使用关系代词that, which，who, whom或关系副词when, where，why等,先行词(中心词)一般是名词或名词短语，而在强调句中，可以用副词、介词短语或从句来作被强调的内容。；而在强调句中则主要使用that，who； 有时强调句在形式上和定语从句、状语从句很相似。我们除了从意思上进行区分外，还能根据强调句的结构特点来进行判断，如能去掉It was...that...后，句子仍然通顺，就是强调句。这一点很重要. 试比较：①It is a question that needs careful consideration. ②It is novels that Miss Williams enjoys reading. 简析：句①是含有定语从句的句子，在此It是指示代词，It is a question是个"主语+系动词+表语"结构，如果去掉It is...that,句子结构就不完整了。句②是强调句，在此It是个引导词，没有具体含义，如果去掉It is...that，把语序稍加调整，句子结构仍然是完整的。 区分定语从句与强调句区分定语从句和强调句可用还原法，因为强调句的基本句式为It is (was)+被强调部分+that+句子的其余部分，因此只需将it is(was) 后面的部分还原到原来的句子中，如果成份完整，则为强调句，如果成份不完整则为定语从句。 1) It is this street _______I happened to meet him. It is in this street _______I happened to meet him. [ ] A．that B．where C．which D．from which 首先，我们看到主句部分为it is…结构，可能是定语从句可能是强调句，利用还原法，将两部分分别还原，得出1．I happened to meet him this street. 2．I happened to meet him in this street. 1句子成份不完整，为定语从句，用where；2句子成份完整为强调句，选that。 2) Where did you meet him? It is in the cinema_______ I met him. It is in the cinema_______ door faces west. [ ] A．that B．where C．whose D．which 仍然采取还原法，得出1．I met him in the cinema. 2．Door faces west in the cinema. 1句子成份完整，确定为强调句，用that选A；2明显不是一个意思表达清楚的句子，其实本句是一个省略句，全句为：It is in the cinema _______door faces west that I met him. 强调句部分已经省略，而句中door faces west 是一个定语从句，表示门朝西开的电影院，因此选C，whose 在做题中我们经常可以看见带有定语从句的强调句，这时仍可用还原法加以辨别： (1) Was it in the cinema _______Smith met you _______you saw the film? A．that, that B．whom, then C．where, that D．which, where (C) (2) Where did you found XingMing? It was in the office _______he worked. A．this B．which C．where D．/ (C) 【高考题互动】 01、(08全国卷II’20) It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. A. that B. how C. which D. when 02、(08天津卷’08)It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where 03、(08重庆卷’22)It was not until midnight they reached the camp site.
顺口溜巧记定语从句宾语从句 【定语从句】定语从句顺口溜 1.定从分类有奥妙,限与非限看逗号; 定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜；定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系； 2.关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破；which表物人用who,人物都有that顾；which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know; who做主语很称职，whom用到宾语里； 3.that用法真有趣，两个地方它不去；逗号后边它不去，介词之后不考虑； 4.That which代表物，区别听我来叙述；先行若是不定代，that就把which 踹；先行词前有两数，就用that定无误；先行词前最高级，还用that必无疑；句中若有there be, that应把which替；先行主中做表语，避免重复从句里；
（Just the only very same last, 其后也要用that;） 5.指人可用that who, 以下情况多用who; Those people做先行，There be的结构中； 先行指人不定代，从中做主who要在； 两个定从一起来，不要重复你有才； 6.定从之中少定语，whose为你唱一曲； Whose指人又指物，所属关系要记住。 7.As/which在句末，若有否定as错； 句首只能用as,还有认知猜想词； 固定结构用as, the same /such/so/as; So /such …that宾不离，so/such…as宾要弃； 8.关系代词到这里，主宾表定作用起； 关系代词做宾语，省与不省全靠你； 9.关系副词when/where/why, 从中做状莫懈怠； 时间用when原因why,地点where经常在； 关系副词可替换，介词加上关系代； 关系代，关系代，that与who要除外； 挑选介词要聪明，必看动词和先行；
定语从句+宾语从句练习 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.He asked ________ for the violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 10Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see __________. A. who he is B. who is he C. who is it D. who it is 11.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 12.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 13. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _________ he had done the day before. A. that B. how C. where D. what 14. These wild flowers are so special I would do _________ I can to save them, A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 15.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 16. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _________ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 17. Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders _________ will happen to her private life. A. that B. what C. it D. this 18.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who