The Society and Culture of Major English
Speaking Countries
Book Report
题目： A Brand New Canada to Me --Multiculturalism
学生姓名：学号：
专业：英语
班级： 10英语（1）班
所在学院：外国语学院
2012 年12月8日
A Brand New Canada to Me
--Multiculturalism
Last week, when we had our listening class, we came into a word--Ottawa, and many of my classmates didn’t know that it is the capital of Canada. Here is the truth that although Canada has the second largest territory in the world with quite abundant natural resources, most people do not pay enough attention to Canada when they’re referring to North America due to its strong neighbor, America.
However, having enjoying many Canadian literatures and movies, I become more and curious of this romantic country, which is known for the romantic snow, beautiful maple leave and delicious maple sugar. And it is a brand new country to me, especially its characteristic social culture.
Canada is a country made up of largely immigrants, amounting to 99% of the population there. And it results in a multicultural society in Canada. People speak both English and French there and they are both the official languages in the country. But you will hear French most of the time and all street signs are in French. In fact, Montreal is the third largest French speaking city in the world.
Navigator Jacques Cartier took the possession of the territory for the king of France in 1534. After that, slowly, people started to go and live in New France.
As Britian took charge of some colonies which were used to belong to French till 1981, there is still tons of British influence in Canadian life and Canada still maintains an important connection to the UK. Canada is a member of British Commonwealth of Nations, and people there even still sing “God Save the Queen”. Many Canadian still follow what happens with the royal family, watch the BBC for world news and they feel closer to the Queen than they do to the US president.
Canada is a young country as Canada first became a political entity in 1867, and didn’t assume its present shape until 1949. (Zhu, 2011:286) As a result, Canada doesn’t have the huge and unique civilization, culture, and the history behind it, but in fact, patchwork quilt of different
nationalities and communities is central to what Canada is, and great efforts were made to protect and promote and celebrate the ways of the different of people who live there. Thus Canada, it is felt, resembles a mosaic of different cultures which overlap but do not overwhelm each other. (Zhu, 2011:313)
In Canada, you can find almost any major ethnic groups in the world. Unlike Americans, who were absorbed into one American identity in the so called “melting pot”, which conveys the idea that immigrants coming to the country and throwing off their old customes, languages and traditions in favour of becoming “Americans”, “Canada government encourages each of its ethnic groups to maintain its cultures and traditions and share them with other groups and it is known as the Canadian Mosaic.” (Lan, 2008:67)
Sharing the longest undefended national border in the world and the free trade agreement NAEATA, Canada and the United States seem to have a good relationship with each other. While it’s the fact that many Americans regard the Canada as a state of the United States and many think that their neighbor has taken too much from their country. However, the Canadians think that they have suffered from a lot from its powerful neighbour as Canada economy is too dependent on the United States, and they think the United States has over-intervented their country. Resentments and contradictions do exist between the two countries.
Canada's anti-American emotion is the sinigificant component of their nationalism, and it begins to rise to the level of national policy to fight against the United States culture erosion and to ensure that the independence of Canada. Consequently, Canada has taken a “Third Option”, geared to developing stronger trading relations with Japan and Europe rather than over-reliant on the United States. (Zhu, 2011:327) Recent years, Canada has made great progress in its cultural development and 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver showed the world this multicultural country and shocked the world by its gorgeous image.
Canada grows under the influence of Britian, France and America, and now the young country trys to show the world a much more characteristic self-image.
As Canada has become a more multicultural, bilingual country, the British influence lessens. For an instance, Canadian English has changed a lot since British brought English into this land. Its spelling is the mixture of American and British English, while its pronunciation is very close to American pronunciation, with some remnants of British pronunciation in certain region.
References
[1] 蓝仁哲，加拿大文化论，重庆：重庆出版社，2008.
[2] （英国）J.K.Rowling,哈利波特，马爱新，北京：人民文学出版社，2009.
[3] 訾缨，英语国家概论，北京：北京大学出版社，2010.
[4] 徐火辉，与剑桥哈佛学子同窗，南京：中国金融出版社，2007.
[5] 朱永涛、王立礼，英语国家社会与文化文化，北京：高等教育出版社，2011.
The Relation between Language and Culture Abstract: Different countries have different cultures, and also different language. Language and culture are interdependent and interactional. Language is one of the most important carriers of culture. On the other hand, culture have a great impact on language, that is culture conditioning. Knowing the language and cultural backgrounds can help our communication. Instead, it will cause many communicative barriers. In this paper, we summarize the relationship between language and culture. And example to explain it’s impact on cross-culture communication. 摘要：不同的国家有不同的语言和文化，语言和文化是相互依赖、相互影响的，语言是文化的重要载体，另一方面，文化对语言也有制约作用。了解语言文化知识有助于我们的交际。相反地，缺乏语言文化背景知识必然会导致交际障碍。本文列举了语言与文化的关系，并举例说明了这种关系对跨文化交际的影响。 key words: language, cultures, relationship, communication 关键词：语言，文化，关系，交际 1. Introduction As we all know that different countries have different cultures, and also different language. Language and culture are interdependent and interactional. Language is one of the most important carriers of culture. On the other hand, culture have a great impact on language, that is culture conditioning. Language plays a very important role in all human activity. It’s one of the indispensable part of the social life of human. You can not imagine the world would be without language. Nevertheless, the phenomenon of human language is so mystical that people do not acquaint it entirely so far. Culture is the product of social life and national spirit. In other words, culture is the genetic code of difference among the various nation, country and region. Every country has its own culture formation and individuality. This special culture is one of the most important source of affinity and cohesion of a country. For this reason, we must protect and develop the culture of the various nation, country and region, keep variety of our global culture. 2. Relationship between language and culture Relationship between language and culture can be summarized as the following: (1). Language is part of culture. Like other cultural phenomenon, language is also a social phenomenon, it occurred with the production of society, and develops with the development of society. The language is with nationality, different nationalities often have different languages; Language is also human creation. It is the most important spiritual wealth of human society .We can say that language has all the attributes of culture, so language is also a kind of culture, one of the many cultural phenomenons. The human language is not only an integral part of culture, and also the most important part. (2).Language is the main carrier of culture. Although language is part of culture, other cultural phenomenon generally can't exist being independent from language. Only through language, culture can be preserved, extended and spread.
判断题 第一单元 1、Britain is no longer an imperial（帝国）country(T) 2、The Commonwealth（英联邦）of Nations includes all European countries(F) 3、1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity（种族）(F) 4、The stereotype（刻板印象）of the English gentleman never applied to the majority of the British people(T) 5、When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes(T) 6、The Scots and Welsh（苏格兰和威尔士）have a strong sense of being British(F) 7、Scotland（苏格兰）was never conquered by the Romans（罗马人）(T) 8、Most people in Scotland speak the Celtic（凯尔特）language, called “Gaelic” (F) 9、Scotland was unified with England through peaceful means(T) 10、Wales（威尔士）is rich in coal（煤炭）deposits（存款）(T) 11、Cardiff（卡迪夫）, the capital of Wales, is a large city(F) 12、The title of Prince（王子）of Wales is held by a held by a Welsh according to tradition(F) 第二单元 1、Ireland is part of Great Britain(F) 2、“Ulster（阿尔斯特）”, referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom（王国）(T) 3、The capital of Belfast（贝尔法斯特）is a large city with half a million people(F) 4、Northern Ireland is significant（重要的）because of its manufacturing（制造业）industry(F) 5、The majority of Irish people were descendants（后代）of the original Celtic（凯尔特）people who inhabited British Isles（群岛）before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago(T) 6、Most British people are Protestants（新教徒）while most Irish people are Catholics（天主教徒）(T) 7、The British government does not have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland(T) 8、Sinn Fein（新芬党）is a legal political party in Northern Ireland(T) 9、The Anglo-Irish（岗格鲁-爱尔兰）Agreement of 1985 guaranteed the loyalist （政府军）Protestant community（社区）their to decide their future in Northern Ireland(T) 10、The Good Friday Agreement（协议）was approved on 10 April 1998(T) 11、Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions（司法管辖区）: thatf Republic（共和国）of Ireland that of Great Britain(F) 第三单元 1、It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy（民主）in the world(F) 2、In Britain, the process of state-building（国家建设）has been one of evolution rather than revolution, contrast to France and the US（与法国和美国相比）(T)
English Football Culture Key words: Culture, English, Football In today’s world, football has become the world's first sport. World Cup has become a platform for the football player to show their level of football, but also in front of the world’s peo ple. Because of football, the world of people linked to together, although football originated in China, but the modern football started in the United Kingdom. Rules, professional, football managers and game system complete leagues, they have been found in the late 19th century. The professional football is considered as a new life start to 20 century. The rise of English football Early in the 19th century, the British initially realized urbanization. With the revolution, more and more went to city and lived in towns. Accompanied by a fundamental change in production technology and economic development, the quality of people's life changed, people's material needs were meet, then it needed to pursue a higher level, spiritual and cultural level of demand were transported. Football developed rapidly in this environment. First a large number of workers who were physically strong had some leisure time for sport and fun to play as entertainment. Second the people play football found their own spiritual sustenance, quickly established a lot of football teams in industrial cities such as Manchester, Newcastle. A factory as a unit, a streets as a unit, there were a variety of units. You can imagine the scene at that time, you can also imagine how much the exciting of football emergence, which is not difficult to understand why the English has so strong football tradition, so deep feelings.
艺术欣赏结课论文 学院：艺术与设计学院 班级：工业设计2班 姓名：曾玉琳 学号：0864122204
艺术欣赏之我见 “艺术是一种宣泄心灵与情绪的冲动，设计是一种表现智慧与品位的行动。要使一个国家得到真正的进步，设计也是一股不可忽视的力量；我愿用自己有限的脑摺皱来指挥双手发出我微薄的力量去为之，我愿与更多的人为伍！”通过对艺术欣赏的学习，我可以解决一些艺术方面的问题。 首先是艺术究竟为了什么？艺术的性质，古来说者不一，亚理士多德说"艺术是模仿自然"，这话现在已不能完全成立。尽管艺术需用自然的材料借以表现，或者取自然的现象做象征，取自然的形体做描写的对象，但他决不是一味的模仿自然。 有人说艺术就是"人类的一种创造技能，创造出一种具体的客观的感觉中的对象，这个对象能引起我们精神界的快乐，并且有悠久的价值"。这是就客观方面言.。若就主观方面，艺术就是艺术家理想情感的具体化，客观化，即所谓自己表现。所以艺术的目的并不是在实用，乃是在纯洁的精神的快乐，艺术的起源并不是理性知识的构造，乃是一个民族精神或一个天才底自然冲动的创作。他处处表现民族性或个性。艺术创造的能力乃是根于天成，虽能受理性学识的指导与扩充，但不是专由学术所能造成或完满的。艺术的源泉是一种极强烈深浓的，不可遏止的情绪，挟着超越寻常的想像能力。这种由人性最深处发生的情感，刺激着那想像能力到不思议的强度，引导着他直觉到普通理性所不能概括的境界，在这一刹那间产生的许多复杂的感想情绪底联络组织，便成了一个艺术创作的基础。 再次是美学与艺术的关系，雨果说过：“没有艺术，人类生活便会黯然失色。”席勒动情地呼唤过：“啊！人类有你才有艺术。“人人都神往艺术，向往他那种艺术美的感受，正是如此，人们需要真正的艺术家来创造艺术美。而艺术需要现实生活，需要艺术家的创造，没有这些又何来艺术美呢？美术中的艺术美，离不开美术作品，艺术美指的就是美术作品中的美，是由创作主体的审美认识而产生的按照美的规律、并为着美的目的而创造的事物的美。因此，艺术作品的艺术美也是真、善、美的统一。
《英美概况》教学大纲 一、课程说明. 1. 课程代码：107013841 2. 课程中文名称：英美概况 3. 课程英文名称：The Society and Culture of Major English Speaking Countries — an Introduction 4. 课程总学时数：32 5. 课程学分数：2 6. 授课对象: 英语专业二年级学生 7.本课程的性质、地位和作用 《英美概况》是英语专业本科的一门专业任选课。本课程以英语为媒介，比较系统地向学生阐述世界主要英语国家的社会与文化背景，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。它是英语专业学生学习英语专业其它语言基础课和在高年级阶段学习英语文学和翻译等课程的基础。本课程的教学可以提高学生在跨文化语言运用过程中对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，从而改善学生的跨文化语言运用能力。 二、教学基本要求 1.本课程的目的、任务 本课程的教学目的在于让英语专业学生了解和熟悉主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，掌握其地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活与文化传统等方面的基本知识，扩大知识面，丰富文化修修养，加深对英语国家语言、文化和文学的理解，提高分析判断能力。 2.本课程的教学要求 本课程的基本要求是让学生掌握英美两个典型英语语言国家的历史与社会文化背景、民族特点、当前现状及发展前景。通过本课程的学习，学生除掌握有关英美两国的社会基本构成、文化传统、经济科技发展等基本知识外，同时也提高自身对英文社科类书籍的阅读能力，从而进一步提高自己的英语水平。 在课程的教学过程中，教师也可适当向学生推荐一些反映英美国家文化的优
The Resource Management Act 资源管理法案 The Resource Management Act reflects New Zealander’s environmental awareness. Under the Act, laws governing land,air and water resources are combined together to ensure the sustainable management of natural resources. It focuses on the effects of human activities on the whole environment as well. The Act came into force in 1991. With it , New Zealand leads the world in environmental legislation. 资源管理法案反映了新西兰人的环保意识。根据该法案，法律将土地，空气和水资源结合在一起管理，以确保自然资源的可持续管理。它侧重于人类活动对整个环境的影响。该法案于1991生效。有了它，新西兰在环境立法方面领先世界。 Maoritanga 毛利文化 Maoritanga is the Maori word for “ Maori culture. It refers to all the elements of the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous people in New Zealand, including their languages, customs and traditions. 毛利文化是毛利语中的“毛利文化。它是指在新西兰土著居民丰富的文化遗产中的所有元素，包括他们的语言，习俗和传统。 MMPR 混合成员比例代表制 MMPR stands for Mixed Member Proportional Representation. Under this new election system, each voter has two votes, the first one for a candidate in their electorate, the second for a political party. The second vote, when counted nation-wide, decides the number of seats each party will take in Parliament. MMPR代表混合成员比例代表制。在这种新的选举制度下，每一个选民都有两张选票，第一张是投给选民的候选人，第二个是投给政党的候选人。当第二次投票在全国范围内举行时，将决定各个党派在议会中所占的席数。 The Ombudsman申述专员 The Ombudsman is appointed by Parliament. His responsibilities are to investigate people’s complaints against government departments and local authorities and to make sure that appropriate official information is freely available in accordance to the Official Information Act. There are Chief Ombudsman and specialist ombudsman in various fields. 申诉专员是由议会任命的。他的职责是调查人们对政府部门和地方当局的投诉，并确保根据官方信息法适当的提供免费的官方信息。在各个领域都有首席监察官和专家申诉专员。
中国古代艺术鉴赏 学校：重庆科技学院 作者： 院系：法政与经贸学院国贸4班 日期：2012、05、08
摘要： 中国古代艺术具有丰富的内容和多样化的特点。它有绘画、雕刻、工艺、建筑等多种艺术类型。例如，新石器时代的彩陶和玉雕，商周时期的青铜器，秦汉的墓葬俑群，魏晋南北朝的佛教雕塑以及唐宋以来的墓室壁画等等。 这些古代艺术作品，在艺术表现方面，有涉及到文与气、文与理、文与质、文与性、情与景、情与理、情与性、形与神、形与意，风骨与辞采，法度与自然等一系列的概念和范畴。在此，我选取各个时代的典型作品进行赏析。 关键词： 中国古代艺术彩陶青铜器佛教雕塑壁画 清明上河图美与形 正文： 中国是世界四大文明古国之一，有着五千年的悠久历史。在这悠悠长河中，我们华夏祖先们创造了璀璨的中华文化。在学习美术鉴赏中国部分的时候，很是自豪，自豪于我们的艺术文明，钦佩着我们祖先的智慧，游弋在艺术的海洋，感觉是一种熏陶。下面根据我在艺术鉴赏课上学到的相关知识，来分别鉴赏一下古代各个阶段的那些我们自豪的艺术。 彩陶 我们都知道在旧石器时期，就已经有制作较为精细的石器了，还有那些用动物骨头制作的项链等装饰品。这个时期的文明向前提升一
大截的是彩陶文化。 我翻阅相关的资料，《美源》里一段对彩陶的描述“史前彩陶中最具代表性的作品，还是仰韶文化的彩陶。它们主要是日常使用的实用器皿，包括盛放物品的盆、罐、壶和饮食用的钵、碗等，制工精致，使用的泥土经过淘洗，故此胎质细腻，入窑焙烧后成品一般呈橙红色。”由此可见，彩陶这种艺术品是很实用的。 对于彩陶，最具代表性的是人面鱼纹彩陶，对于这个由细泥红陶制成，敞口卷唇，盆内壁用黑彩绘出两组对称的人面鱼纹彩陶，我们能够看到当时的文化和一些风俗习惯。仔细研究这个彩陶，眼睛细而平直，鼻梁挺直，神态安详，嘴旁分置两个变形鱼纹，鱼头与人嘴外廓重合，加上两耳旁相对的两条小鱼，构成形象奇特的人鱼合体，表现出丰富的想像力，人头顶的尖状角形物，可能是发髻，加上鱼鳍形的装饰，显得威武华丽。 青铜器 经过了石器时代，摆脱了奴隶时代，我们正式进入封建社会，开端是夏商周时期。 在这个时期，最为体现当时的文化文明的是青铜器。当时的青铜器主要是用于战争，祭祀，所以都是国家管理生产。夏商周的君王设置了相关的部门来生产青铜器。 我们都知道，当时的主要以司母戊鼎和四羊方尊。1939年3月19日在河南省安阳市武官村一家的农地中出土的司母戊鼎，因其腹部著有“司母戊”三字而得名。司母戊鼎器型高大厚重，又称司母戊
My feeling for this course Never have I known so much about society and culture of English-speaking countries before I took up this course.Through the process,I got pleasure,companionship,experience and instruction.Actually I was so looking forward to having the lesson at the first time that I had got the syllabus.Now I know,it’s definitely worthwhile. Our teacher once told us,“Reading is the most effective way for one who could not go through the country but still eager to learn about their culture.”I can’t agree more with it.Maybe the past will step out from the stage of history,nevertheless,books have the ability to record the fact that exactly happened in the history.I proved it on my own experience,believe it or not. For example,Animal Farm is a political fable style novel.The story describes an "animal" revolution brewing,rising up and final transformation.Suffered enough oppression,the animals in the Manor Farm rebelled against humans under the guidance of pigs,drove the planter,Mr. Jones.The animals achieved their ambition of "self-determination" and changed its name to "Animal Farm",pursuing that "all animals are equal".But soon the leading pigs had contravention.Since then,it turned out that one pig,Napoleon had more and more power and special treatment,gradually moving away from other animals,and eventually became an exploiter exactly the same as a human being.Thus,the name,animal farm,was also abandoned. This book is analyzed by critics that it’s strikingly similar to the history of the Soviet union,even the international communist movement in the whole 20th century.We can see the similar shadow in many communist party ruling or did rule countries of animal farm.The author,George Orwell,his predication on the fate of the communist movement in the future by changes of the development of animal farm in the book,confirmed totally by history that the Soviet union took apart and the upheaval of eastern Europe in 1991 and afterwards incidents,which really took place at that time.But the meaning of Animal Farm is more than just the historical prophecy.This allegorical novel pointed out in literary language that owing to the fundamental interests of the leading group who possessed the division right was to hold their dominant position,regardless of the form having what kind of appeal,the ultimate result would be contrary to maintain the basic demands of social fairness.Professor Xia Zhiqing once said: "In western literature,since the Aesop's Fables, each dynasty has fables and fairy tales focusing on animals.However,for readers in the late 20th century,this kind of work is not a more accurate representation of the human condition today than" Animal Farm "." While t he novel Being There tells us a story about a man named Chance, a gardener. Chance once lived in the townhouse of an old, wealthy man in Washington, D.C.watching TV all day until the man was dead.Then he was forced to face the world.He met Benjamin Rand,a wealthy businessman.While being asked what his name was, instead of "Chance the Gardener" (which was
一、Fill in the following information gaps(20%)(1 point each) 1. In England more than ___1__ of its population living in cities ,and about 2% of the population working in agriculture, so England is a highly urbanized country . 2. In the year of ____2_____,the first permanent settlement in North America was established, in today's Virginia . 3.Ralph Waldo Emerson, a American transcendentalist, published a startling book called __3__,he claimed by studying and respecting to nature individual could reach a higher spiritual state without form religion . 4.The U.S. federal government consist of the following three branches the executive , _____4_____and the judicial. 5.One advantage of 5 over sole proprietorship and partnership is that it has limited liability, so investors risked only the amount of their investment and not their entire assets 6.The best -known stock exchange is New York Stock Exchange located in _____6_____area of New York City 7.WASP stands for _______7______. 8.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from Ireland,_______8_______and Poland. 9.The Letherstocking Tales, they refer to the five novels written by9. 10.A collection of poems written by Walt Whitman , it is a ground-breaking book. That is 10 11.An jazz music ensemble of musicians consists of two sections: ________11________ and the percussion. 12. G.R.E and M.B.A. stand for Graduate Record Examination and __________12________ in U.S education. 13.In the U.S., B.A. and B.S. stand for ________13_________and Bachelor of Science in higher education. 14.The two most well known computer companies are ______14_______ and Apple in the United States. 15.Now the largest software company is _____15___________whose director is Bill Gates in the United States. 16.Two Scottish cities which have a ancient and internationally respected universities, they are Edinburgh and _______16____________. 17.The Britain, the official head of state is now ________17_______ while the real center of political life is in the House of Commons .
《美术鉴赏》结课论文 『结课论文』 美术鉴赏
一个学期的美术欣赏课结束了，我受益良多。这一学期的课程，对我来说是"美的历程"，从以前的不懂美，对美的浅薄的外在认识，到现在的欣赏美，逐渐明白更重要的是看到美的本质。 众所周知，审美教育是大学生全面发展教育中不可缺少的组成部分。有位大家说过："艺术的最终目的，就是使人们更深地懂得生活，进而更加热爱生活。"学习美术欣赏，要更好的培养大学生，提高大学生的素质，最根本的问题是要提升大学生的精神境界。美术欣赏的最终意义，就在于使大学生的情感得到陶冶，思想得到净化，品格得到完善，从而使身心得到和谐发展，精神境界得到升华，自身得到美化。 美术欣赏有益于大学生灵魂的雕铸和人格的完善。艺术教育注重开发和挖掘人自身的潜能，并致力于培养人的自尊、自信、自爱、自立、自强意识，不断提升人们的精神文化品味和生活质量，从而不断提升人的生存和发展能力，促进人的全面发展与完善。人的全面发展，包括智力、体力、思想、道德、意志、信念、情感等各方面，全面发展是一专多能的素质型发展。大学生美术鉴赏作为美育的一种手段，在促进大学生灵魂雕铸和人格完善的全面发展中起着重要的作用。 美术鉴赏课将我带到了一个全新的世界，带到了一个我以前从未涉足过的领域，带到了艺术的殿堂，我可以说出那些美丽的作品的故事，它让我发现原来世界是这么美，原来一个人的思想可以这样表达，原来先代们是那么的智慧。 美术鉴赏是运用感知、经验对美术作品进行感受、体验、联想、分析和判断，获得审美享受，并理解美术作品与美术现象的活动。美术鉴赏活动能帮助我们在欣赏、鉴别与评价美术作品的过程中，逐步提高审美能力，形成热爱本民族文化、尊重世界多元文化的情感和态度。 中国有句古话，物以类聚，人以群分。不管我们有多么不同，不管多么的有个性，但我们都有一个共同点——我们都被艺术影响着。 时代变迁，各个时代有它不同的主流艺术。欧洲文艺复兴时期，终于有人意识到人性的意义。以坚持现实主义方法和体现人文主义思想为宗旨，艺术家们创造了符合现实人性的崭新艺术。以意大利的达?芬奇、米开朗基罗和拉斐尔为首的14-16世纪的文艺复兴，为了回归人性的自由，他们高举古希腊古罗马艺术精神的旗帜，创造出的人物形象或雄伟健壮，气魄浑宏，或秀美典雅，高于平凡。艺术不再被教条所禁锢，人文的力量再一次被发扬出来。看着那个时代的不朽之作，即使是色彩不再光鲜，甚至不再完整，我依然可以想象出它们当年所能引起的轰动。同样在看到古希腊、古罗马的那些完美绝伦的雕塑时，我也一再惊讶于他们那天神一般让人只能仰视的造型。复兴，这个词的意义就在于告诉我们那一切曾经发生过，也会一直焕发夺目的光彩。在描绘教堂壁画的时候，米开朗基罗可以仰着脖子几天几夜，即使自觉已到极限，依然无法停下手中的创作；为了逼
On the Rise and Fall of Great Britain. 班级： 学号： 姓名： 教授： 分数：______
On the Rise and Fall of Great Britain. 中文摘要： 英国，又称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，是由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成的联合王国。它曾经在世界历史发展的漫长时期中湮没无闻，人口不过数百万，国土资源也很有限，却率先敲开通向现代世界的大门，从地理的边缘变成了世界的中心，一跃成为西方强国的领头人，并独领风骚数百年，给人类文明烙上了不可磨灭的印记。然而到了十九世纪末期，由于美、德等国的崛起以及其他种种原因，英国逐渐失去优势,后来又在第二次世界大战中受到严重创伤，大英帝国国力日渐衰落,海外殖民地也在二战后纷纷宣告独立，大英帝国逐渐演变成一个组织松散的英联邦。这个曾经号称“世界工厂”和“日不落帝国”的国家又逐渐衰落。不过，英国仍然是一个在世界范围内拥有巨大影响力的政治、经济、文化和军事强国。 关键词: 英国；世界工厂；日不落帝国；衰落 Abstract in English： Great Britain, also known as The United Kingdom of Great Britain and North Ireland, is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and North Ireland. It was once little-known in the long history of the development of the world and had only several millions of people. What' more, her territorial resources were also limited. However, she is the first country to open the door to the modern world ranging from the geographical edge to the center of the world. She had once been the leading power of the western countries for hundreds of years and also branded an indelible mark on the human civilization. However, in the late 19th century, with the rise of America and German and other factors, Britain began to lose the upper hand in the international competition. Afterwards, she suffered great loss in the two world wars. Britain began declining and the foreign colonies began to win independence one after