《英语国家社会与文化》复习题
I. Explain the following terms:
1. Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin was one of the founding fathers of the United States of
America. He participated in writing the Declaration of Independence and making the US Constitution.
2. King Arthur
It is said that he was the King of England in the 15th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends
II. Choose the best answer.
1. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.
A. the Normans
B. the Celts
C. the Iberians
D. the Anglo-Saxons
2. The largest lake in Britain is _____.
A. the Lough Neage
B. Windermere Water
C. Coniston Water
D. the Lake District
3. Which part of Britain is always fighting?
A. England B . Scotland C. Wales D. Northem Ireland
4. The Tories were the forerunners of _______ , which still bears the nickname today.
A. the Labour Party
B. the Liberal Party
C. the Social Democratic Party
D. the Conservative Party
5. Martin Luther King, Jr., a young black clergyman, became a national leader of the
_______ Movement.
A. Boycott
B. Civil Rights
C. Segregation
D. Integration
6. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.
A. James Madison
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. Alexander Hamilton
D. George Washingto
7. The Renaissance began in ______ in the early _______ century.
A. England, 14
B. England, 15
C. Italy, 14
D. Italy, 15
8. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.
A. the Industrial Revolution
B. the Bourgeois Revolution
C. the Wars of the Roses
D. the Religious Reformation
7. British Recorded history began with _____.
A.Roman invasion
B. the Norman Conquest
C. the Viking and Danish invasion
D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion
8. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.
A. receive completely free education
B. receive partly free education
C. receive no free education if their families are rich
D. receive no free education at all
9. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.
A. largest
B. second largest
C. third largest
D. fourth largest
10. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independence.
A. the First Continental Congress
B. the Second Continental Congress
C. the Third Continental Congress
D. the Constitutional Convention
11. Where is the best agricultural land in Britain?
A. In the southeast of England.
B. In the northeast of England.
C. In the southeast of Scotland.
D. In the northeast of Scotland.
12. In the aerospace industry, which of the following countries is ahead of Britain ？
A. Germany.
B. The U.S.
C. Russia.
D. France.
13. Which company became an important aero-engine manufacturer after WWI?
A. Boeing.
B. Rolls Royce.
14. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of
the miserable life of the _____.
A. early settlers
B. Puritans
C. native Indians
D. black slaves
15. Which company became an important aero-engine manufacturer after WWI?
A. Boeing.
B. Rolls Royce.
C. McDonnel-Douglas.
D. Hawker-Siddeley Aviation.
16. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy
benefactors. Which is the exception ?
A. Harvard University
B. the State University of New York
C. Yale University
D. Princeton University
17. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income
except ___________.
A. investment
B. student tuition
C. endowments
D. government funding
18. Which of the following countries is the last to come out of recession?
A. Germany.
B. Japan.
C. Britain.
D. France.
19. Which of the following book is written by Geoffrey Chaucer？
A. The Canterbury Tales
B. Beowulf
C. King Lear
D.Morte D’ Arthur
20. Which of the following did NOT belong to Romanticism ?
A. Keats.
B. Shelley.
C. Wordsworth.
D. Defoe.
21. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare ?
A. Doctor Faustus.
B. Macbeth.
C. Frankenstein.
D. The Tempest.
22. The following were the main Reformation leader except ___________.
A. Martin Luther
B. Martin Luther King
C. John Calvin
D. The English King Henry VIII
23. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to
____________
A. private school.
B. independent schools.
C, state school. D. public school.
24. Which of the following is privately funded university in Britain ?
A. The University of Cambridge.
B. The University of Oxford.
C. The University of Edinburgh.
D. The University of Buckingham.
25. In the examination called “ the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to
________
A. grammar school
B. comprehensive schools
C. public schools
D. technical schools
26. In Britain most advertising is carried ___________
A. in newspaper.
B. in magazines.
C. on television
D. on radio.
27. Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper ?
A. The Telegraph
B. The news of the World.
C. The Guardian.
D. The Times.
28. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism ?
A. Catholics.
B. Puritains.
C. Quakers.
D. Church of England.
29. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Open University ?
A. It’s open to everyone.
B. It requires no formal educational qualifications.
C. No university degree is awarded.
D. University courses are followed through TV, radio，correspondence，etc.
30.Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American
Revolution ?
A. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.
B. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with American Indiana.
C. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with blacks.
D. The American had the mixed blood of English and their descendants only.
31. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.
A. 900
B. 290
C. 90
D. 50
32. The expenditure in American public school is guided or decided by_______.
A. teachers.
B. the students.
C. headmasters.
D. boards of education.
33. In the United States school system, which of the following division is true ?
A. Elementary school, grammar school
B. Elementary school, junior high school .
C. Elementary school, secondary school
D. Junior high school, senior high school.
34. What did Frank Whittle do in 1937?
A. He invented the first jet plane.
B. He developed the first jet engine.
C. He made the first powered flight.
D. He made the trans-Atlantic flight.
35. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.
A. Yale
B. Harvard
C. Oxford
D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
36. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.
A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Commons
B. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Lords
C. the Queen, the House of Commons
D. the Queen, the House of Lords
37. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the
first settlers in the North America.
A. 1620, London
B. 1620, Plymouth
C. 1720, London
D. 1720, Plymouth
38. President Jeffers on bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.
A. New Mexico
B. the Louisiana Territory
C. Kansas
D. Ohio
39. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher
_____.
A. Paul Revere
B. John Locke
C. Cornwallis
D. Frederick Douglass
40. The English Civil War is also called _____.
A. the Glorious Revolution
B. the Bloody Revolution
C. the Catholic Revolution
D. the Puritan Revolution
41. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____
great population movement in the history of the United States.
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
II. Decide the following statements true or false. (以下内容全是正确的，考试时将从中选10个, 做成true or false的形式。)
1. Britain’s National anthem is ---- God Save the Queen (God Save the King)
2. British Empire （19th century)was called sun-never-setting empire.(日不落帝国）
3. Buckingham Palace is the residence of the queen.
4.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are
mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。
5.The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that
were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member
countries until 1991.英联邦是曾为英国殖民地的、但现已独立国家所构成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。
6. The highest mountain in Britain is Ben Nevis.
7. Thames river flows through central London and it is a very important river.
8. Normans were people from France (Normans were descendants of Vikings)
They eventually replaced Anglo-Saxon rulers.
9. The Enclosure Movement paved the way for Capitalism in Britain. It had two big results: accumulation of capital and increasing supply of cheap labor
10. In a constitutional monarchy, the king or queen’s power is limited by laws of the
Nation.
11. After World War II, Conservative Party and Labor Party have taken turns being in
power
12. Geoffrey Chaucer (1340 – 1400) is the father of English poetry. His famous works
was The Canterbury Tales.
13. General elections are held every 5 years. Every man and woman over 18 can vote
(since 1969)
14. Charles Dickens (1812 – 1870) was outstanding representative of critical realism
in Britain.
15. Jane Eyre is the representative works of Charlotte Bronte (1816 – 1855)
16. Wuthering Heights is the representative works of Emily Bronte (1818 – 1848
17. James Joyce (1882 – 1941) was considered the most important and influential
novelist writing in English. His representative works included Ulysses,
Finnegan’s Wake, etc.
18. T. S. Eliot ( 1888 – 1965) w on a Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948. His “The
Wasteland” – caused an uproar because of its originality and the severity of its attack on English and American society
19. Westminster Palace is the seat of the British Houses of Parliament. Most famous
part of the Palace is the clock tower, called “Big Ben”
20. St. Paul’s Cathedral is the biggest and most well-known church in England
It is typical example of Renaissance architecture Known for its large dome.
21. Westminster Abbey – many of th e country’s greatest literary and scientific figures
are buried there
22. Stonehenge is the Most famous prehistoric monument in Britain, Built over 5,000
years ago
23. British children are required by law to have an education until they are 16 years
old
24. Eton –(the public school) the most famous school in the world, Britain’s biggest
boarding school and educator of its social elite since 1440
25. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest and most well-known Universities in Britain
26. Battle of Gettysburg was a turning point of the Civil War. It lasted for three days.
27. Washington D.C. is the capital of US between Maryland and Virginia
28. San Francisco in California is the largest Chinese settlement in the United States
-over 300,000 Chin ese people live there, most in “Chinatown”
Part III. Translate the following into Chinese: 15%
N orman Conquest诺曼征服
The Monarchy
The House of Lords
The House of Common
Parliament
the Glorious Revolution
Thatcherism
Bloody Mary
The Great lakes
Robinson Crusoe
Puritanism
George Washington
King Alfred
the Origin of Species
the English Renaissance
The Wars of Rose
the Enclosure Movement
the Marshall Plan
the Declaration of Independence
The Black Death
the Industrial Revolution
Constitutional monarchy君主立宪制
the battle of Hastings
Francis Bacon
Julius Caesar
The Great Charter
The New Deal
Joan of Arc
Pilgrims Thanksgiving Day-
British disease英国病
London smog-
Winston Churchill
Auld Lang Syne 友谊地久天长
Greenwich Royal Observator
public schools
comprehensive schools
VI. Translate the following into Chinese:
1. The first English settlement in North America
The first English permanent settlement was organized in 1607 by the London Company with a charter from the English King. The Colonists settled in Virginia and survived by imposing strict discipline on themselves and by transplanting tobacco into colony of Virginia. In 1619, the settlers elected their delegates and set up the House of Burgesses, and the same time they bought and enslaved black servants. These two events greatly influenced the political and social development of the United States later.
2. The Open University
The Open University was founded in Britain in the 1960s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher education for economic and social reasons. It’ open to everyone and does not demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, video and a net work of study centres. At the end of their studies at the Open University, successful students are awarded a university degree.
3."The City"
“The City”refers to the historic area at the centre of London. It is one of the biggest financial centres in the world with the greatest concentration of banks, insurance companies and business dealing in commodities. At the heart of the city is the London stock Exchange
4. What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest?
The Norman Conquest of 1066 is one of the best known events in English history. It brought about many consequences.
William confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. Relations with the Continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture were been introduced. The church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts.