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unit 10 汉译英中词语的省略

unit 10 汉译英中词语的省略
unit 10 汉译英中词语的省略

Unit 10 汉译英中词语的省略

1.重复省略

A.四字成语

汉语许多描写性文章,如旅游景观的介绍等,往往使用华丽的词藻和形容词,尤其是四字成语。这些词语或成语往往有同义反复的倾向,而无多大实际意义,大多是出于讲究声韵对仗,渲染气氛等方面考虑。如“甜言蜜语、千姿百态、深思熟虑、争先恐后”等都是同义反复。但英语的风格要求的是简洁明快。因此,在翻译中,要适当减词,不能把汉语行文中堆砌的词藻和形容词都搬到英语中。

1)不仅有历代文人墨客的题咏,而且有美味佳肴和漂亮的工艺品。

2)满树金花,芳香四溢的金桂;花如白雪,香气扑鼻的银桂;红里透黄,花味多浓的紫砂桂;花色似银,季季有花的四季桂,竞相开放,争妍媲美。进入桂林公园,

阵阵桂花香扑鼻而来。

3)因为他们很注意处理各方面的关系,所以八面玲珑,到处有缘。

4)正沿着建设有中国特色的社会主义道路,满怀信心,昂首阔步地迈向二十一世纪。

B.一般词语

不仅是四字成语,其他平行性词语,也是汉语追求韵律和工整的修辞手段,英译时要省略相同意义的词。

1)多数中国人依然关心世事,注重人情,而这些在佛教看来都是虚幻的。

2)五年来新增就业3555万人。

3) 中国饮茶的风尚,到了第七世纪的唐代,已经相当盛行了。

2.习惯省略

英语习惯简洁的表达,对上下文已清楚的信息往往予以省略。因此对汉语中重复的意思,要根据英语表达习惯,采用简化表达。

A.动词

1)他家里很穷,没有什么衣服可穿,也没有什么东西可吃。

2) 搞好社会治安,是关系到人民群众生命财产安全和改革、发展、稳定的大事。

3)……鼓励国内外投资者到中西部投资。

a. …encouraging both Chinese and overseas investors to invest in the central and western regions. b….encouraging both Chinese and overseas investments in the central and western regions.

B.名词

汉语一些主谓结构翻译成英语时,谓语形容词往往含有整个主谓结构句子意思。这样这个结构中的主语名词意思就可以省略。

1)由于各种各样的原因,他们常常感到心情压抑,事业受挫。

2)自此而下,江面宽阔,水流平缓,一叶轻舟,顺流而下,沿江景色,饱览无遗。

3)建立办事高效、运转协调、行为规范的行政管理体系。

C.范畴词

英语中有些抽象名词往往已含有汉语中一些表示状态、品质的范畴概念。如“他在我不知道的情况下私自拿走了那东西”,在翻译中就无须译出“情况”:He took it away without my knowledge. 再如:unemployment=失业现象、失业问题;housing=住房问题;emergency=紧急状况;solution=解决方法;complacency=自满情绪;tension=紧张局势;stability=稳定局面。在汉译英时,要省译问题、状况、情绪、看法、局面、气氛、现象这些汉语的范畴词。

1)我们一定要逐步顺利解决沿海同内地贫富差距问题。

2)与此同时,各学校正采取步骤纠正教学和科研不平和的状况。

3)在工作中,大家都必须杜绝浪费和低效率的现象。

D.副词

汉语中还有一些修饰词加动词的结构,如“顺利进行、胜利完成、热烈欢迎、坚决支持、努力做到、认真执行、广泛开展”等。就英语来说动词前这些修饰语不一定都要译出,因为英语中一些动词本身就含有修饰语的意思,再来强调,反而画蛇添足。

1)我们要进一步简化手续,及时地、积极地吸收外资。

2) 中国政府将采取更加有力的措施,进一步健全耕地保护制度,切实加强基本农田保护。3)大气污染不仅影响了环境,而且严重损害了人的健康,大大缩短人的寿命。

4)要认真做好思想教育工作。

Exercises: Translate the following into English or Chinese according to what you have learned from this part.

1. 海峡两岸的中国人都是骨肉同胞,手足兄弟。

2. 务必要继续发扬艰苦奋斗的优良传统,提倡勤俭,崇尚节约。

3. 家庭中最有损于个人健康的因素为夫妻间的无休止的日夜争吵和猜疑。

4.医生给了她一些治疗感冒的药。

5.不过,中国人有种奇异的本领,能够同时信奉两种相互抵触的宗教。

6.这份杂志内容有趣,文字浅显,立即畅销全国。

7.但是在表面平静的生活下面一直有一直不满和不安的情绪。

8.全民健身运动广泛开展。

短语翻译:汉译英

1.一双(条)…. 45.一个橘子 2.一双鞋子46.一只钢笔 3.一双袜子47.一只铅笔 4.一条长裤48.一只杯子 5.一条短裤49.什么颜色 6.一条裙子50.黑白相间 7.一套,一串,一副,一组51.请拼写它 8.一串钥匙52.我的名字 9.请求,恳求(给予)52.你的名字 10.我能帮你吗?53.他的名字 11.快点儿54.她的名字 12.劳驾,请原谅55。认识你很高兴 13.名字56.你好! 14.无疑,肯定57.我的朋友 15.早上好!58.在中国 16.下午好!59.两张漂亮的照片 17.晚上好!60.在第一张照片中 18.从……到……61.在下一张照片中 19.生日快乐!62.我的狗的名字 20.(表示祝愿)过得愉快!2 63.一张…的照片 21.给你64.失物招领处 22.(询问消息或提出建议)…怎么样?…好吗?2 23.你好吗?65.电脑游戏(机)

24.(购物时)…多少钱?66.玩电脑游戏 25.…多大年纪?…几岁了?67.玩游戏 26.学生卡,身份证68.和…玩游戏 27.用英语69.和…..玩….. 28.用汉语70.学校图书馆 29.姓氏2 71.给……打电话 30.中学,初中72.给……发电子邮件 31.飞机模型73.在沙发上 32.铅笔盒,文具盒74.在椅子下 33.再见75.在桌子下 34.磁带播放机76.打篮球 35.电话号码2 77.那听起来不错 36.为…而感谢你(们)78.通过电视,在电视上 37.思考,思索,考虑79.下课后 38.看电视80.晚饭后 39.别客气,不用谢81.然(随)后,在那之后 40.一把尺子81.同一所学校 41.一副地图82.去同一所学校上学 42.一件夹克衫83.体育明星 43.一把钥匙84.运动鞋 44.一床被子85.做运动 86.饮食习惯

英语翻译答案

汉译英 1.广场舞是社区中老年居民以健身、社交等为目的在广场、公园等开敞的地方进行的健身操或舞蹈,通常以高分贝的音乐伴奏。广场舞在中国大陆无论南北皆十分普遍。对于广场舞的确切认识,社会学界及体育界目前均未达成共识。广场舞的高分贝音乐常常造成噪音滋扰,因此许多居民反对在小区中跳广场舞。 The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music. The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south. Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing. The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities. 2.故宫,又称紫禁城,是明、清两代的皇宫,二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富,而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来,故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次,随着旅游业的繁荣,游客人数有增无减,可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。 The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs. It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world. The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow. Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity. In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad. Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing. It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace. 3.《新闻联播》是中国中央电视台(CCTV)每日播出的一个新闻节目。节目每次播出时长一般为30分钟。它被中国大陆大多数地方频道同时转播,这使得它成为世界上收看人数最多的节目之一。自从1978年1月1日首次播出以来,它就以客观、生动、丰富的纪实手段记录着中华大地每一天的变化。作为中国官方新闻资讯类节目,《新闻联播》以沉稳、庄重的风格著称。 Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television (CCTV) every day. It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program. It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs. Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich. As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its

汉译英翻译方法

汉译英三步骤: 1.理解原文 包括原文逐字逐句的理解、对原文整体思想、观点和态度的理解,也包括对原文句子之 间和各部分之间相互关系的理解。 2.英语表达 在正确理解原文的基础上进行的,不是一对一的死译,而是在理解原文的基础上用相应 的英语结构、词汇和表达习惯准确的表达原文的意思。 3.核对检查 认真阅读自己的译文,要用挑错的眼光来检查译文是否正确表达了原文的意思,是否有 漏译、错译,译文语法如时态、语态、单复数形式和拼写上是否有错误。 汉译英翻译技巧: 1.选择恰当的英语词汇 有些英语词汇不仅有字面意思,还有内含意思。 e.g.“国家”:country, nation, state, land 分别内涵:疆土、人民、政府、感情 有些英语词汇本身含有贬义或一些委婉的意思,运用时要特别注意。 e.g.“宣传”publicize, propaganda (带贬义) 汉译英选词原则: (1)选适合上下文的词汇 e.g.“观众”:audience,viewer, spectator 分别表示:听音乐会或看戏的观众、电视观众、看体育表演的观众 “条件”不同情况下应用不同的英语词表达: 工作条件:working condition 有利的条件:favorable situation 录取条件:admission requirement 付款条件:terms of payment 词汇选择首先要忠于原文的意思。 e.g.近年来由于就业问题日益严重,有些人建议让没有工作的未婚妇女来替换那些 家务繁重的女工。 “就业问题”:employment problem, unemployment problem(找不到工作就业已 成问题,即失业问题) “没有工作的妇女”: women without jobs, women hunting for jobs(没有工作又 需要找工作的妇女,不需找工作的并不包括在内) (2)要注意词的广义、狭义、具体的意思和抽象意思的不同 e.g. ①他讲的笑话逗得我们都笑了。 ②他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。 ①His joke made us laugh. ②What he said make us laugh. We all smile at what he said. (3)选词时不要望文生义,不要死译,要考虑与汉语对应的英语词汇真正的意思。 e.g.①他们的好奇心得到了满足。

Unit10-词组汉译英

Unit 10 词组: 1. 到…时候为止 2. 到外边 3. 到学校 4. 起床 5. 去洗澡 6. 到家 7. 开始做某事 8. 迟到 9. (闹钟)闹响 10. 醒来 11.出来,出现 12. 迅速离开,跑掉 13. 准时 14. 及时 15. (走)过来 16 . 让某人搭车 17.损坏,坏掉 18.出席,露面 19.熬夜 20.一个化装舞会 21.某事发生在某人身上 22.如此…以至于 23.出发,开始 24.愚人节 25.结婚 26.与某人结婚 27.二者…都… 28.穿好衣服 29.在第一天 30. 进浴室 31. 搭便车 32. 结婚 33.成千上万的人 34.整个国家 35.整个美国 36.登上地球 37.成百上千的人 38.逃离家园 39.引起,激起 汉译英: 1. 当她起床的时候,她弟弟已经进了浴室。 2. 当她出去的时候,公共汽车已经开走了。 3. 当她进班的时候,老师已经开始教课了。 4. 4. 当她到学校的时候,她意识到她把书包落在了家里 5.我到家时她已经睡了。 6.我们到电影院晚了,电影已经开始了。 7.我们发现有人把我们的窗户打破了。 8.不久我意识到自己犯了一个严重的错误。 9.我没有去,因为我已看过这部电影。 10. 他告诉我他吃了那块蛋糕. 11. 我昨天把电脑落在了出租车上。 12. 一个朋友曾经邀请我去一个化妆晚会。 13. 当我到那时,我发现他愚弄了我。 14. 我真的相当尴尬。 15. 愚人节你遇到什么事了? Unit 11 词组: 买香波 买一些杂志 打电话 买个字典 买一些书写纸 坐电梯上二楼 左(右) 转 坐扶梯上二楼 路过银行 引入一个问题 在一方面 为了(不)做某事 语言礼节 走出前门

汉译英答案3

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unit 9 汉译英中词语的省略

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