2020高考英语易错语法点专题一名词（解析版）
1. 【2019·江苏卷】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority
B. potential
C. proportion
D. pension
2. 【2018·江苏】Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on th e _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment
B. association
C. acquisition
D. assumption
3. .【2019·天津卷】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.
A. statement
B. impact
C. impression
D. judgment
4.【2018·天津】6. The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice
B. order
C. possibility
D. invitation
5.【2018·江苏】32. Try to understand what’s act ually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment
B. association
C. acquisition
D. assumption
6. 【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014
that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
7.【2018·浙江卷】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
8. 【2018·浙江卷】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
9.【2018·天津】The _______ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the other space.
A. advice
B. order
C. possibility
D. invitation
10.【2016·天津】The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effect
B. sense
C. change
D. chance
11.【2016·浙江】It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.
A. condition
B. income
C. credit
D. status
12.【2016·江苏】— Can you tell us your______ for happiness and a long life?
— Living every day to the full, definitely.
A.recipe
B. record
C. range
D. receipt
13.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause)．14.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
15. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.
16.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
17. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible
(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
18(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, the other is with mum—she never suspects.
【语法精讲】
考点解读：
1.给出名词提示词，考查名词的数；
2. 给出其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)的提示词，填写名词
考点一
名词的数
名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数之分，不可数名词没有复数形式。
一、可数名词复数的变化规则
1．可数名词复数的规则变化
2.
(1)常以复数形式出现的名词：thanks, congratulations, shoes, trousers, works(著作；工厂), manners(礼貌), spirits(情绪), instructions(操作说明), directions(用法说明), papers(试卷，文件), times(时代)等。
(2)一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有take turns to do sth., in high spirits, make friends with, shake hands with, make preparations for，make both ends with, take pains to do等。
二、不可数名词
1．常考的不可数名词
一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。通常只用作不可数的名词有：milk, music, homework, housework, weather, news, butter, information, bread, advice, progress, equipment, fun, luggage, luck, work(工作), traffic, furniture, wealth, word(消息), room(空间), man(人类)等。
疑难点：word意为“消息”，room意为“空间”，man意为“人类”时通常不带任何修饰词。
2．抽象名词的具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：
[即时演练]——
—Where did you two have your stomachs(stomach) examined?
—At the doctor’s. We were examined by two famous Germans(German)．
考点二
名词的格
1．’s所有格
主要用于表示有生命的人或物的名词，其变化方法如下：
2.of
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of 所有格。
◆the title of the article文章的标题
◆the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字
3．双重所有格
双重所有格的构成为：“名词＋of＋名词’s” 或“名词＋of ＋名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一” 或“其中一部分”，名词前可用a, any, some, a few, two, this, that, these, those等修饰，但不能用the。
◆a picture of my mother’s我母亲(拥有)的一张照片
◆this little ca t of your sister’s你妹妹的这只小猫
疑难点：
(1)表示时间、距离、重量、地方等无生命的事物的名词也可以借助’s 表示所有关系。
a week’s holiday一周的假
thirty minutes’ ride三十分钟的车程
(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop, house, home等常省去。
at the doctor’s (office)在医生的诊所里
at Mr.Green’s (house)在格林先生家
[即时演练]——单句语法填空
Last night we went to the barber’s, where I met a friend of my brother’s(brother)．
【解题技巧】
判断词性，确定名词单复数
1．根据题干的语法结构，特别是设空处前的限定词判断词性：冠词、代词、数词、量词、形容词和介词后应接名词形式。
2．根据句法结构判断词性：如果所填词在句中作主语、宾语、同位语时，一般用所给词的名词形式。3．确定词性为名词后，根据常用的前后缀将所给词转换成适当的形式；然后再根据名词本身确定可数与不可数，如果名词可数，则需根据其前限定词及谓语动词的形式来确定名词的单复数形式。
(1)表示时间、距离、重量、地方等无生命的事物的名词也可以借助’s 表示所有关系。
a week’s holiday一周的假
thirty minutes’ ride三十分钟的车程
(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop, house, home等常省去。
at the doctor’s (offic e)在医生的诊所里
at Mr.Green’s (house)在格林先生家
3．双重所有格
双重所有格的构成为：“名词＋of＋名词’s” 或“名词＋of ＋名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一” 或“其中一部分”，名词前可用a, any, some, a few, two, this, that, these, those等修饰，但不能用the。
◆a picture of my mother’s我母亲(拥有)的一张照片
◆this little cat of your sister’s你妹妹的这只小猫
2．抽象名词的具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：
word意为“消息”，room意为“空间”，man意为“人类”时通常不带任何修饰词。
【高考模拟】
单句语法填空
1．(2019·江西新余期中)Sometimes there’s so much work for you to deal with and you feel it’s beyond your ability to fulfill it. Actually, you can take (measure) to help yourself.
2．(2019·河南中原名校联考)It thinks that Singlish may hurt people’s(able) to speak standard English and make it hard for them to communicate with foreigners.
3．(2019·浙江五校联考)In order to understand the role and function of belief in our society, one way is to compare the (different) between a society with belief and a society without it.
4．(2019·河北衡水中学联考)After several (day), I got my watch back and it was still working. 5．(2019·洛阳统一考试)Once I broke a (neighbor) window. Seeing nobody around, I ran away immediately.
6．(2019·湖北七校联考)Even though there weren’t(leaf) on the trees, yet I could still hear birds
singing songs of spring.
7．(2019·河南豫北名校联考)There is also new evidence that green tea can help to destroy bacteria in our bodies. It is especially effective at ridding bacteria of your (tooth) and keep them healthy! 8．(2019·河南豫西南部分示范高中月考)There are (style) of music that can drive you unquestionably crazy.
9．(2019·山东烟台期中)Firstly, these countries have highly diversified groups of residents from different cultural (background)．
10．(2019·山东滕州一中检测)Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) is an important part of Chinese culture. Great (success) have been made in many areas through TCM cures.
2020高考英语易错语法点专题一名词（解析版）
1. 【2019·江苏卷】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority
B. potential
C. proportion
D. pension
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。
2. 【2018·江苏】Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment
B. association
C. acquisition
D. assumption
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词，词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment 分配； B. association 交往；C. acquisition 获得；D. assumption 假设。故选D。
3. .【2019·天津卷】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.
A. statement
B. impact
C. impression
D. judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。statement“陈述说明”；impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”；impression“印象，感想”；judgement“判断力
判断”。故选B。
4.【2018·天津】6. The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice
B. order
C. possibility
D. invitation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。
5.【2018·江苏】32. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment
B. association
C. acquisition
D. assumption
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尝试理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。
6. 【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014
that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
7.【2018·浙江卷】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
8. 【2018·浙江卷】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
【答案】weight
【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
9.【2018·天津】The _______ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the other space.
A. advice
B. order
C. possibility
D. invitation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其他星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice 建议； B. order命令；C. possibility 可能性；D. invitation 邀请。故选C。
10.【2016·天津】The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effect
B. sense
C. change
D. chance
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。
11.【2016·浙江】It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.
A. condition
B. income
C. credit
D. status
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。condition 条件；income 收入；credit学分，信用（卡）。根据句意故选C。
12.【2016·江苏】— Can you tell us your______ for happiness and a long life?
— Living every day to the full, definitely.
B.recipe B. record
C. range
D. receipt
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。名词recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt收据，收条；句意：----你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？----当然是尽情享受每一天。根据句意可知A项意思，与上下文相符。
13.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause)．答案：causes
解析：all 修饰可数名词复数。
14(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
答案：pollution
解析：作动词decrease 的宾语，用名词形式。
15. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.3. introduction
16.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
16.答案：effects
解析：此处用some 修饰，用名词复数。
17. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible
(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
答案crowds
解析：crow 是可数名词，需要用复数。
18(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, the other is with mum—she never suspects.
18答案：days
解析：few 修饰可数名词复数。
【语法精讲】
考点解读：
1.给出名词提示词，考查名词的数；
2. 给出其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)的提示词，填写名词
考点一
名词的数
名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数之分，不可数名词没有复数形式。
一、可数名词复数的变化规则
1．可数名词复数的规则变化
2.
(1)常以复数形式出现的名词：thanks, congratulations, shoes, trousers, works(著作；工厂), manners(礼貌), spirits(情绪), instructions(操作说明), directions(用法说明), papers(试卷，文件), times(时代)等。
(2)一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有take turns to do sth., in high spirits, make friends with, shake hands with, make preparations for，make both ends with, take pains to do等。
二、不可数名词
1．常考的不可数名词
一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。通常只用作不可数的名词有：milk, music, homework, housework, weather, news, butter, information, bread, advice, progress, equipment, fun, luggage, luck, work(工作), traffic, furniture, wealth, word(消息), room(空间), man(人类)等。
疑难点：word意为“消息”，room意为“空间”，man意为“人类”时通常不带任何修饰词。
2．抽象名词的具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：
[即时演练]——单句语法填空
—Where did you two have your stomachs(stomach) examined?
—At the doctor’s. We were examined by two famous Germans(German)．
考点二
名词的格
1．’s所有格
主要用于表示有生命的人或物的名词，其变化方法如下：
2.of
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of 所有格。
◆the title of the article文章的标题
◆the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字
3．双重所有格
双重所有格的构成为：“名词＋of＋名词’s” 或“名词＋of ＋名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一” 或“其中一部分”，名词前可用a, any, some, a few, two, this, that, these, those等修饰，但不能用the。
◆a picture of my mother’s我母亲(拥有)的一张照片
◆this little cat of your sister’s你妹妹的这只小猫
疑难点：
(1)表示时间、距离、重量、地方等无生命的事物的名词也可以借助’s 表示所有关系。
a week’s holiday一周的假
thirty minutes’ ride三十分钟的车程
(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop, house, home等常省去。
at the doctor’s (office)在医生的诊所里
at Mr.Green’s (house)在格林先生家
[即时演练]——单句语法填空
Last night we went to the barber’s, wh ere I met a friend of my brother’s(brother)．
【解题技巧】
判断词性，确定名词单复数
1．根据题干的语法结构，特别是设空处前的限定词判断词性：冠词、代词、数词、量词、形容词和介词后应接名词形式。
2．根据句法结构判断词性：如果所填词在句中作主语、宾语、同位语时，一般用所给词的名词形式。3．确定词性为名词后，根据常用的前后缀将所给词转换成适当的形式；然后再根据名词本身确定可数与不可数，如果名词可数，则需根据其前限定词及谓语动词的形式来确定名词的单复数形式。
(1)表示时间、距离、重量、地方等无生命的事物的名词也可以借助’s 表示所有关系。
a week’s holiday一周的假
thirty minutes’ ride三十分钟的车程
(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop, house, home等常省去。
at the doctor’s (office)在医生的诊所里
at Mr.Green’s (house)在格林先生家
3．双重所有格
双重所有格的构成为：“名词＋of＋名词’s” 或“名词＋of ＋名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一” 或“其中一部分”，名词前可用a, any, some, a few, two, this, that, these, those等修饰，但不能用the。
◆a picture of my mother’s我母亲(拥有)的一张照片
◆this little cat of your sister’s你妹妹的这只小猫
2．抽象名词的具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：
word意为“消息”，room意为“空间”，man意为“人类”时通常不带任何修饰词。
【高考模拟】
单句语法填空
1．(2019·江西新余期中)Sometimes there’s so much work for you to deal with and you feel it’s beyond your ability to fulfill it. Actually, you can take (measure) to help yourself.
答案measures
解析：句意：有时候，你有太多的工作要处理，而你觉得完成它超出了你的能力。事实上，你可以采取措施来帮助自己。measure作“措施，方法”讲时，为可数名词，take measures to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“采取措施做某事”，故此处应用复数形式。
2．(2019·河南中原名校联考)It thinks that Singlish may hurt people’s(able) to speak standard English and make it hard for them to communicate with foreigners.
答案ability
解析：句意：它认为新加坡式的英语可能会伤及人们说标准英语的能力，使他们很难与外国人交流。设空处前有名词所有格people’s修饰，应用名词。
3．(2019·浙江五校联考)In order to understand the role and function of belief in our society, one way is to
compare the (different) between a society with belief and a society without it.
答案differences
解析：句意：为了理解信念在我们社会中的作用和功能，一个方法就是比较一个有信念的社会和一个无信念的社会的差异。设空处前有定冠词修饰，应用名词；根据句意，此处指不止一个差异，应用名词复数形式。
4．(2019·河北衡水中学联考)After several (day), I got my watch back and it was still working.
答案days
解析：句意：几天后，我把手表拿回来了，它还在运转。day为可数名词，其前有several修饰，应用复数形式。
5．(2019·洛阳统一考试)Once I broke a (neighbor) window. Seeing nobody around, I ran away immediately.
答案neighbor’s
解析：考查名词所有格形式。此处用名词所有格形式作定语，修饰名词window。
6．(2019·湖北七校联考)Even though there weren’t(leaf) on the trees, yet I could still hear birds singing songs of spring.
答案leaves
解析：句意：虽然树上没有树叶，但我仍然能够听到鸟儿在唱春天的赞歌。leaf作“叶子”讲时，为可数名词，根据该句中的weren’t可知，此处应用复数形式。
7．(2019·河南豫北名校联考)There is also new evidence that green tea can help to destroy bacteria in our bodies. It is especially effective at ridding bacteria of your (tooth) and keep them healthy!
答案teeth
解析：句意：也有新的证据表明绿茶可以帮助消灭我们体内的细菌。它在去除牙齿上的细菌，保持牙齿健康方面尤其有效！根据常识可知，人的牙齿有很多颗，故空格处用所给名词的复数形式。8．(2019·河南豫西南部分示范高中月考)There are (style) of music that can drive you unquestionably crazy.
答案styles
解析：此处表示有一些音乐风格无疑能让你疯狂。There be句型中，主语为be后面的名词，此处be动词为are，故空格处应用所给名词的复数形式。
9．(2019·山东烟台期中)Firstly, these countries have highly diversified groups of residents from different cultural (background)．
答案backgrounds
解析：句意：首先，这些国家有来自不同文化背景的高度多元化的居民群体。background作“出身背景”讲时，为可数名词，由句中different可知，此处指“不同的文化背景”，故填所给名词的复数形式。10．(2019·山东滕州一中检测)Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) is an important part of Chinese culture. Great (success) have been made in many areas through TCM cures.
答案successes
解析：句意：中医是中国文化的重要组成部分。中医疗法在许多领域已经取得了巨大的成功。success在此处为抽象名词具体化，表示成功的事物，为可数名词。根据空后的have可知，此处应用所给名词的复数形式。
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第一讲座：名词---基础篇 一、名词的复数： 1. 名词变复数的规则形式： 1). 一般情况下直接加s：book------books cup-----cups 2). 以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es： city-------cities family-----families 3). 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es： bus-----buses wish------wishes watch------watches 4). 以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es： tomato-----tomatoes potato------potatoes hero-----heroes Negroes 5). 以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es： leaf----leaves self---selves shelf----shelves life----lives thief---thieves 2. 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的： man----men woman---women child----children foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice 3. 单数和复数形式相同： deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese 4. 某国人的复数： 1). 中、日不变：Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese 2). 英、法变：Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen 3).其余s加后面：American-----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians 二、不可数名词： 1. 不可数名词： 1). 不能直接用数字表数量；2). 不能直接加a或an；3). 没有复数形式； 4). 可用some、any、lots of、plenty of、much 修饰；5). 可用“量词短语”表示； 2. 不可数名词的数量的表示方法：a / 数字+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词： a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk 三、名词的所有格： 1. ’s 所有格：
高考英语单选易错题汇编及答案全部详解 1. Stop making so much noise ____ the neighbor will start complaining. A. or else B. but still C. and then D. so that 2. We hope to go to the beach tomorrow, but we won't go ____ it's raining. A. if B. when C. though D. because 3. ——The weather is too cold ____ March this year. ——It was still ____ when I came here years ago. A. for; colder B. in; cold C. in; hot D. for; hotter 4. ——How much vinegar did you put in the soup? ——I'm sorry to say, ____. I forget. A. no B. no one C. nothing D. none 5. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, ____, refusing them when they turn to him. A. if never B. if ever C. if not D. if any 6. ——What should I wear to attend his wedding party? ——Dress ____ you like. A. what B. however C. whatever D. how 7. ——The research on the new bird flu virus vaccine is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do the job? ——____ my students have a try? A. Shall B. Must C. Will D. May 8. I'd like to live somewhere ____ the sun shines all year long. A. which B. that C. where D. in which 9. I ____ to go for a walk, but someone called and I couldn't get away. A. was planning B. planned C. had planned D. would plan 10. ——Your book, Tommy? ——No, Mom, it's my friend's. ——Remember to return it to ____ name is on it. A. what B. which C. whose D. whosever 11. Thank you for sending us ____ fresh vegetables of many kinds. You have done us ____ a
名词性从句 区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。 需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成 份时，指人用指物用不缺意思和成份时用That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。 引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。 ◆____we can’t get∧seems better than ____ we have∧. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what 本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。 ◆____ ∧caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 该题答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）： 〖2011江西卷〗The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A．this B．that C．what D．which 考察宾语从句和主语从句。村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。答案：C 〖2011四川卷〗Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which in介词后面接宾语从句，且从句中缺do的宾语，故选C项。why、how在句中作状语；which在名词性从句中作定语。选C. 〖2011陕西卷〗I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had the money. A.why B.when C.which D.what 所填词引导的从句位于系动词之后，是表语从句，所填词在从句中做宾语，指物，用what，选D。其余选项与题意不符。 〖2011北京卷〗Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom 考察名词性从句中的主语从句。主语从句中缺少offer的宾语，选择what。
动词不定式 一、单句填空 1. ______ (stay) warm at night, I would fill the wood stove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. 2. I stopped the car ______ (take) a short break as I was feeling tired. 3. Let those in need ______ (understand)that we will go all out to help them. 4. The airport ______ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 5. They might just have a place ______(leave) on the writing course—why don’t you give it a try? 6. The engine just won’t start. Something seem s ______ (go) wrong with it. 7. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ______ (watch) anything that happened to be on. 8. I remembered ______ (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 9. We’re hav ing a meeting in half an hour.The decision______ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company. 10. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ (meet) an even greater challenge. 11. George returned after the war, only______ (tell) that his wife had left him. 12. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ______ (do) to achieve the final success. 13. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school ______ (speak) to the new students. 14. This machine is very easy ______(operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。
（英语）高考英语易错题专题三一般过去时(含解析) 一、单项选择一般过去时 1．When I___ to the cinema, the film___ for 5 minutes. A．got, had begun B．get, will begin C．got, had been on D．got, has been on 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态。句意：当我到达电影院时，电影已经开始了五分钟。for five minutes为一段时间要求谓语动词要用延续性动词，故A和B先排除，而从句的动作发生在主句动作之后，从句用一般过去时态，主句用过去完成时态。故选C。 2．Typhoon Hato brought powerful winds and flooding to the region of southeast China and several deaths on the storm in August, 2017. A．were blamed B．would be blamed C．had been blamed D．have been blamed 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：2017年8月台风“天鸽‘给中国东南部地区带来强风和洪水，暴风雨导致几人死亡。根据句中明显的过去的时间状语August, 2017，可知用一般过去时。故选A。 3．They ________ in Holland for ten years. Now they have settled down in Paris. A．lived B．have lived C．had lived D．were living 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词时态。句意：他们在荷兰生活过十年。现在他们定居在巴黎。根据后句中的现在完成时态可知，他们在荷兰生活是单纯发生的过去的事情，所以应该用一般过去时，故选A。 4．His earlier concert in Shanghai____a big success.It was the first time the Taiwan singer____a concert on the mainland. A．is;held B．was;held C．had been;would hold D．was;had held 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态。句意：他早些时候在上海的演唱会非常成功。这是这位台湾歌手第一次在大陆举办音乐会。第一空：根据句意可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时；第
高考语法复习8 状语从句 【走进高考】 1.【2018·江苏】_______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. A. Once B. Unless C. If D. When 【答案】B 【解析】考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：除非你睡得好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。A. Once一旦；B. Unless除非；C. If如果；D. When当……时候。故选B。 2.【2018·天津】Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten. A. ever since B. as if C. even though D. so that 【答案】D 【解析】考查连词短语辨析及语境理解。句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起来就变得足够甜。A. ever since自那时起；B. as if好像；C. even though尽管；D. so that以便。从句为目的状语从句，故用so that引导。故选D。 3.【2018·北京】_________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. A. Although B. While C. If D. Until 【答案】C 【解析】考查状语从句。句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，那么世界上的很多动植物都将会消失。动植物不灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化。Although 尽管；While当……时候，尽管，然而；If如果；Until直到。故选C正确。 4.【2017·北京】If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you figure it out. A. because B. though C. until D. since 【答案】C 【解析】A. because 因为 B. though尽管 C. until直到 D. since自从句意：如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会去研究，学习和他人探讨直到你解决为止，根据句意可知选用until，直到，选C。 5.【2017·北京】______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes. A. Once B. If C. Although D. Because 【答案】C
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
高考英语动词知识点易错题汇编及答案解析(4) 一、选择题 1．It's said that our mental abilities begin to _______ from the age 27 after reaching the highest level at 22. A．differ B．depress C．distribute D．decline 2．One of the secretary’s jobs is to ___________ letters and mails. A．help out B．dry out C．sort out D．stick out 3．If you can ________ to something, you can change in order to make the situation better. A．adapt B．addict C．adopt D．appeal 4．______himself to alcohol,the man seldom cared about his family. A．Adjusting B．Approaching C．Abandoning D．Acknowledging 5．A lot of dust has on the farm machines. A．brought up B．taken up C．built up D．picked up 6．Teenagers spend too much time on computer games.What’s worse, some of them can’t ____________ their studies. A．get on B．concentrate on C．insist on D．hold on 7．Smiling and laughing has actually been shown to _________and stress. A．put on pressure B．fed up with C．relieve tension D．try out for 8．Have you already __________________ for the driver's education class? If so, we can learn driving course together this summer vocation A．put up B．sign up C．cheer up D．bring up 9．Several swimmers have been drowned in the sea recently. So I don’t _______of your going swimming alone. A．approve B．agree C．support D．admit 10．All the students ________ laughter when John walked into the classroom like Donald Duck. A．burst into B．broke out C．burst out D．broke up 11．This dictionary, which I bought yesterday, has been highly______by my professor. A．acknowledged B．appealed C．recommended D．commanded 12．How could you ________ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months? A．turn off B．turn in C．turn down D．turn to 13．As for his advantages, he has 20 years’ teaching experience to _______. A．draw on B．draw back C．draw up D．draw in 14．The apartment s in the city center are always expensive. I can’t _____ one with all my money. A．take B．afford C．supply D．support 15．We had lots of good applicants for the job, but one _________ from the rest. A．made out B．stood out C．picked out D．figured out 16．I ________ you an apology for what I said this morning. Anyway, I meant no offence. A．owe B．make C．demand D．accept 17．The ground is slippery.Hold on to the rope and don’t ________. A．put off B．turn up C．take apart D．let go
一、定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who （宾格whom，所有格whose）和关系副词where when why 等，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分，关系代词that，which,who,whom等在从句中分别作主语或宾语，whose 在从句中作定语，而关系副词when,where,why等在从句中作状语。 如：①I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together. ②I will never forget the days which/that we spent together. 解析：在句①中，表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是状语，所以用关系副词when来代指，引导定语从句修饰先行词the days；而在句②中，表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语，所以用关系代词that 或which来代指。 同样，表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语，则用关系副词where 或why来代指；如果在从句中作动词的宾语，则用which或that来代替。 如：①This is the factory where/in which I worked.（作状语） ②This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.（作宾语） 注：当先行词为time,reason, place时，引导词可以省略。如： ① This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my boss. ② That is the reason (why) I did it. ③ This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 另外，定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。如： ① Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party.0 ② He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher. 解析：在句①中，先行词foreigner被only修饰，强调只有一个，所以从句中谓语动词用单数形式，而在句②中，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the students，为复数，所以从句谓语动词应为复数。 感悟：学生之所以在这一点上经常出错，主要是对定语从句的理解不够深刻，分辨不出主句和从句，对句子成分的把握也不到位，搞不清关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当何种句子成分。所以要做好这一类题，要首先弄清关系代词和关系副词的用法，而且应善于分辨和分析句子结构及其相应成分，这样才能对症下药，快速准确地找到瓿之所在。 二名词性从句中的易错点 （一）that引导的定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系，“……的名词”，而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。That在定语从句中必须作成分，可用which或who/whom代替，而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。如： ①Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this comi ng Christmas. ②Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago. 解析：在句①中，that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容，that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，而在句②中，that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语，对先行词the chicken farm起修饰作用。 感悟：学生之所以在这一点上容易出错，主要还是因为对定语从句的理解不
高考英语常考必考六个语法知识点 高考英语常考必考六个语法知识点 1. 语态和时态 —do you see those people on the little sandy island? —yes, they _______ handkerchiefs for the last half hour. i wonder why. a. were waving b. waved c. had waved d. have been waving 【正确答案】d 【高考考点】考查动词时态。现在完成进行时：表示一个从过去某一时刻开始的动作，一直延续到说话时还在进行或刚结束，句中常出现用for, since,how long等引导的时间状语。 his telephone has been ringing for a long it hasbeen raining since last sunday. how long have you been wearing glasses? 【题干句意】“你有没有看见那些在小岛上的人?”“是的，我看见了。他们在过去的半小时里一直在挥手帕，我不知道为什么。” 【详细解析】这个挥手帕的动作是在半小时前开始的，然后一直在挥，一直挥到了说话的这个时候，所以我们用的是一个现在完成进行时，强调一个动作的持续。我们再来看
一下其他几个时态： a选项是were waving——过去进行时，它指的是：①过去某一时刻正在进行;②过去某一阶段正在进行;——过去时，过去某时间发生的且已完成的动作，所以我们知道a 和b这两个时态都是和过去有关，而和现在是没有一点关系的，所以a和b这两个答案错了。 c. had waved——过去完成时：过去某一时刻或某一动作前完成的动作或状态，那么它所表达的时候是在过去的过去，例如： by theend of last year, we had built 5 newschools.到去年年底为止，我们已经建造了5所学校。首先，过去的时间是去年年底;而句子表达的意思是在去年年底之前，所以我们用过去完成时——hadbuil d.和现在是更加没有联系了，所以这个答案也是不正确的。 题干中的时间状语是“for the last halfhour”，注意这个last不是指“最后的”，而是指“刚才的——在刚才的半个小时里”，那么往往呢句中出现last,或者是last halfhour、recent这种词的话，我们一般都会选择现在完成进行时，因为它指的是“刚才”，那么肯定指“从刚才到现在”。所以本题答案是d. 2. 名词性从句 the information could be helpful to ____will take over the job.
高考英语易错题汇编（思维定势） 1. They ______ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _____on it as no good results have come out so far. A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working 此题的时间参照点是before I joined them,，所以第一个空应该用过去完成进行时，第二个空根据时间now用现在进行时。 2. It would be a good idea to use a plastic bottle, ___cut off, as a container to grow young plants in. A. of which the top B. the top is C. the top of which D. with its top 此题是独立主格结构，如果题干改为 ____is cut off,答案则为A或C 3. ______ is it _____ has made Peter _____ he is today? A. What; that; that B. That; that; what C. What; what; that D. What; that; what 用还原法则为 It is what that has made Peter what he is today k可知是强调句式。 4. Before he went abroad，he spent as much time as he _____ English. A. could learning B. learned C. to learn D. could learn spend time (in) doing sth 如果改为he did what he ______, 则答案为could to learn. 5. The person we talked about ____ our school last week． A．visiting B．will visit C．visited D．has visited 此题中包含一个定语从句，the person既作先行词，又作句子的主语，要填入的应该是句子的谓语，根据后面的时间状语为last week，应选过去时。句中包含的定语从句we talked about中about虽为介词，但不影响主句的谓语，故应选C。 观察下面三个句子： □The pers on we spoke to ____ no answer at first． A．making B．makes C．make D．made 此题中也包含一个定语从句we spoke to，the person既作先行词，又作句子的主语，要填入的应该是句子的谓语，根据句子的需要，应选过去时。本题中的to为陷阱，实际上它属于定语从句中，而不影响主句的谓语动词。故D正确。 □The person we referred to（提及）____ us a report tomorrow． A．giving B．will give C．gave D．give 同上题一样，句中包含定语从句we referred to，所缺成份为句子的谓语，又根据句中的tomorrow，故用将来时。选B。 □The days we have been looking forward to ____ soon． A．coming B．will come C．came D．have come 同理，此句中的定语从句包含短语look forward to，虽然to 为介词，但并不影响主句的谓语动词，只是一个陷阱而矣。又根据句中的soon，应用将来时，故选B。 6. Not far from the club there was a garden, ____ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon. A. whose B. its C. which D. that 答案为B。此题关键是理解seated这个单词，它是过去分词，而不是作谓语的过去式。它不能在句中谓语。所以后面句子不是一个非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，故选代词its。 7. You should treat him (in) the way ____ suits him most. A. that B. in which C. / D. why 此题中先行词the way 后面的定语从句中充当主语。故只能选A。如果先行词the way有从句中充当
英语高考语法知识点总结大全 英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后，英语语法系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。英语高考语法知识点有哪些?下面就是给大家带来的英语高考知识点，希望能帮助到大家! 英语高考知识点1 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较。 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。 例如： It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构。 (1) It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is +形容词+从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… (4) it +过去分词+从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况。 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said ，(reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…，It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)