二、虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）
1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气
主语从句（常用形式主语it 来代替，结构为It is that…）中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等的形容词和过去分词，其形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。常这样用的形容词有：
appropriate，advisable，better，desirable，essential，imperative，important，insistent，natural，necessary，preferable，strange，urgent，vital等。
过去分词有：
desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, recommended, required 等。例如：
It is essential that you (should) win the voters’ hearts.
It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.
2. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等的名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。
常这样用的名词有：
resolution, pray, decision, motion, suggestion, preference, proposal, advice, recommendation, desire, demand, requirement, order, necessity, request, idea 等。例如：
He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained. 他下令热情款待这些客人。
His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.
3. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1）某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，用来表示建议、命令和要求等。其形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。
常这样用的动词有：ask (要求), advise, determine, decide, command, insist, intend, move, prefer, propose, order, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, demand, desire, direct等。例如：
He insisted that the meeting (should) be put off. 他要求推迟那个会议。
They proposed that all the plans (should) be discussed at the meeting. 他们建议所有的计划都应该在会上讨论。
2）在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气，其形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。这一句型中使用的形容词（宾补）与主语从句中的虚拟语气所使用的形容词相同。例如：
We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting. 我们认为他在行动之前好好考虑一下才是明智的。
3）wish后面所跟的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示某种不能实现的愿望。
其主要形式有三种：
例如：
I wish I knew what was going to happen. 但愿我能知道要发生什么事。
She wished she had stayed at home. 她后悔当时不在家。
I wish I were rich. 我巴不得我很有钱。
注意：在表示对过去情况的虚拟时，有时也可以用下列形式：
wish + 主语+ would（could）+ have + 过去分词
I wish I could have seen her last night. 要是我昨天晚上能够见到她那该多好。
4. if条件句中的虚拟语气形式
1）if 非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的主句与从句都用虚拟语气。
在if非真实虚拟条件句中，主句和从句谓语动词主要有下面几种形式：
例如：
If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk. 假如没有引力，我们就不可能行走。
I wo uldn’t have known what these were for if I hadn’t been told. 假如别人不告诉我，我就不知道这些东西是干什么的了。
2）正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将were, had, should 等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面倒装处理。如果句中没有were, had 或should 时，既不能省略if，也不能倒装。例如：
Were I to meet him tomorrow (= If I were to meet him tomorrow), I should ask him about it. 要是我明天见到他，我就会问他这件事的。
Had I had the money last year (= If I had had the money last year), I would have bought the house. 如果我去年有了这笔钱，我就买那所房子了。
3）时间错综条件句：通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。例如：
If I were you, I would have taken his advice. 我要是你，就采纳他的建议了。（从句指现在，主句指过去）
If the weather had been more favorable, the crop would be growing still better. 如果气候更适宜一些，庄稼会长得更好。（从句指过去，主句指现在）
5. 含蓄虚拟条件句
1）有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but 等。例如：Without your help (=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded. 要是没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。
But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry. 要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。
He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us. 他当时正在开会，否则的话他就来帮我们了。
He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party. 他昨天很累，不然他就参加那个聚会了。
2）在某些暗含虚拟条件的简单句中，虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来。谓语动词用should/would be 形式和should/would have been 虚拟形式。例如：Any men in his position would have done like that. 任何人处在他的位置都会那么做的。
You should (ought to) have come earlier. 你本应早点来的。
6. 其他句型中的虚拟语气
1）在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well 和would prefer 等后面所跟的从句中，也要用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿、但愿”。其形式为：
①“would rather (would sooner…) + 主语+ 谓语动词过去式” 表示现在或将来的情况。
②“would rather (would sooner…) + 主语+ 动词过去完成式”表示过去的情况。例如：
I’d rather he didn’t go now. 要是他现在不走就好了。
I’d just as soon you had been here yesterday. 要是你昨天在这里就好了。
2）在句型“It is (high/ about) time…” 后面也可以跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“(should) + 动词原形”，意为“该是……的时候了”。例如：
It is time that the boy (should) go to school. 这个小孩该上学了。
It is high time (that) the weather improved. 天气真该好起来了。
3）在“if only” 引起的感叹句中也要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。
形式为：①用过去式或“wou ld/could + 动词原形” 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。
②过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望。例如：
If only you would listen to our advice. 要是你听我们的建议就好了。
If only I had not been busy last week! 要是上周我不忙该多好啊！
注：if only 也可以用于虚拟条件句中。例如：
If only I had more money, I could buy a car. 要是我有更多的钱，我就可以买辆车了。
4）连接词“in case, lest, for fear that” 可以用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为：“…lest (in case, for fear that) + 主语+ should + 动词原形”。lest, for fear that 后接从句中的should 可以省去，in case 连接从句中的should 通常不省去，但是in case 句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。lest, for fear that 后面也可以接其他形式。例如：He took his coat with him in case it should rain. 他带着雨衣以防下雨。
I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/might) disturb you. 我不会做声的，以免打扰你。
Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow (should) occur. 在使用这一方法的时候要谨慎小心，以免发生溢流现象。
一、动词的时态和语态
（Tenses and Voices of Verbs）
动词的时态
时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态：
虚拟语气详解 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望（往往与客观事实相反），或是表示假象和猜测。虚拟语气无论从形式上还是时态上都比较复杂，需要归类记忆。 虚拟语气大体分为三类：(1) be型虚拟(2) were型虚拟(3) if 条件句及主句虚拟下面会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律，考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型，剩下的皆是套路~ （1）be型虚拟（基本是套路） 形式：should + 动词原形，should可以省略 用法：1）表示“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句用be型虚拟，常见的词如下: demand, desire, insist, order, ask, command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request等 最常见的形式是这类动词后面接着一个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要用（should）+ 动词原形来虚拟 例: We demand that the meeting（should）be postponed. The manager suggested that we (should) work together. 注意：有时候你所见到不一定是上述动词引导的宾语从句，而是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句(it做形式主语，如：it is advised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed that…)、表语从句或同位语从句 例如：It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. (主语从句) The requirement is that all the equipment in the meeting room (should) be checked twice before. (表语从句) We didn’t stand for his proposal that the meeting (should)be postponed. (同位语从句) 只要看到句中有上述动词或其变体，不管词性怎么变、句型怎么变，都用be型虚拟！ 特例：suggest和insist这两个比较特殊，当suggest作“暗示、表明、说明”讲，insist 作“坚持说”讲，后面一般跟的是客观事实，不需要虚拟~这是一个比较重要的考点，体会下面两组句子： We all suggest that a lab (should) be built. 我们都建议建一个实验室。 Her expression suggests that she is angry. 她的表情说明她生气了。 She insisted that we should find the source of the river. 她坚持主张我们应该找到河的源头。 She insisted that she had done nothing wrong. 她坚持说自己没做错事。 suggest 的区别很明显，但insist有点难辨别，一般来说如果insist后面跟的是某种主张，或是坚持要做一件事，那么用虚拟。 2）表示主观看法，常表示“某事是必要的、重要的。。。怎么怎么样的”，尤其是在“ it is +名词/形容词+ that从句”结构中，常见的形容词包括：advisable, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, dispensable, impossible, natural, surprising等 例如：It is advisable that you (should) leave now. It is necessary that teenagers (should) take part in outside activities. It is of great importance that smoking (should) be banned in public area.
高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解 虚拟语气 什么是虚拟语气？是的，我们要学习虚拟语气就必须先弄明白它的概念。 虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类；even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类；wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，还是属于这一类。 另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如和suggest、order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。 大家知道以上两类虚拟语气后，我们就从从句的角度来系统学习虚拟语气。紧跟小简老师的步伐哦！ 一. 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were) 主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do
If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示与将来事实相反的情况
高考虚拟语气用法详解 一·语气概述 和时态语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（有的语法书说语气有四种，即还包括疑问语气）。 eg：①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。（陈述语气） ②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有？（疑问语气） ③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。（祈使语 气） 二·虚拟语气概述 在英语中，由于说话人的意图不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况，一种愿望，怀疑，推测，请求等，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句，名词性从句，定语从句及其他结构中。 三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 真实条件句（遵循主将从现原则） A.由If引导的两种条件句： 非真实条件句（虚拟语气） 以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法： 假设类型If从句主句 与现在事实相反did (be用were)should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do eg：①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话，我会重新考虑他们的意见。（与现在事实相反） ②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服，你就不会得感冒了。（与过去事实相反）
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
虚拟语气详解（自用版） 虚拟语气是一项语法难点，为了让学员们便于理解与记忆，我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论： 1．名词从句中的虚拟语气标志词+should+动词原形 2．条件从句中的虚拟语气①三种基本态②倒装虚拟句③混时虚拟句④含蓄虚拟句⑤跳层虚拟句 3．其它情形中的虚拟语气（wish/would rather/It’s high time…/If only…/lest） 一．三种基本形态（1） 表虚拟的时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式 现在：did / were would (should, might, could)+do 过去：had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been) 将来：were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do 三种基本形态（2）（这是基础，建议牢记下面的例句，争取能脱口而出） 与现在事实相反：If I had enough money, I would buy a book. 与过去事实相反：If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book. 与将来事实相反：If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book. If I should have enough money, I would buy a book. 二、倒装虚拟句（只能与过去/将来事实相反，省去if，只有三种倒装形式） Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book. Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book. Should I have enough money, I would buy a book. 三、混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语） (对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟) If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now. (对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟) If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake. 四、含蓄虚拟句（在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点，但在阅读中常见） 3. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。在句型“It is important (necessar y, strange, natural等) that...” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。 It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们现在有必要出去散散步。 What would I have done without you? But for their help, I would not have finished the task. But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead.
英语虚拟语气解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．I’ m so busy. If I time, I travel around. A．have; would B．have; could C．had; would D．had; will 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。其主要有三种结构： 1、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形” 2、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词” 3、与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”。 句意：我是那么忙。如果我有时间我会周游世界。与现在事实相反故选C。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 2．If I _______ you, I would say another student could do it better. A．was B．were C．were D．are 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：如果我是你，我会说另一个学生可以把它做得更好。 考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知“现在事实”相反，此句是虚拟语气，be动词使用were；故选A。 3． If I ____Alice, I _____them the truth. A. was , would tell B. were ,would tell C. am, will tell D．is , will tell 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：本题的含义是如果我是你，我将告诉他们真相，本题if引导的是一个虚拟的条件句，在虚拟句中，be用were，主句通常用过去的一种，will应该用would，故本题选B。 考点：if引导的虚拟条件句。 点评：在英文中条件句有两种，一种是真实的条件句，if后遇到将来时用一般现在时，一
英语虚拟语气讲解 语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 条件从句主句 与现在事实相反 If 主语+动词过去式（be的过 去式用were） Should would, might， could+动词原形 与过去事实相反If 主语+had+过去分词should would, might， could）+ have ＋过去分词 与将来事实相反If 主语+动词过去式（be的过去 式用were）；should＋动词原 形；were to＋动词原形 should（would, might， could）+动词原形 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句， If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句如： She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。 （事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。 （事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。） 3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句， If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.
虚拟语气 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。 2、用动词原形。例如： (1).Long live the people! 人民万岁！ (2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” (3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） (1).God save me． (2).Heaven help us． 四、表命令 1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！ 3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上not。 (1). Work ! (2). Work harder ! (3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be) (4). You go out ! (5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) (6). Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do not) 五、在一些习惯表达中。如： (1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。 (2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。 第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气 第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clause)中的虚拟语气 一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。 一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）： 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例： 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party, she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)
高考英语虚拟语气知识点经典测试题 一、选择题 1．The board thought it urgent that these files _____ right away. A．printed B．had been printed C．would been printed D．be printed 2．What do you think of the proposal that improvement ____ in the type of vacuum cleaner? A．be made B．will be made C．would be made D．has to be made 3．—Oh, dear. I’m really very busy now. —Would you rather that I to you about my experience at school? A．shouldn’t speak B．didn’t speak C．don’t speak D．won’t speak 4．louder, all the students would hear. A．If the teacher had spoken B．If the teacher will speak C．Had the teacher spoken D．If the teacher spoke 5．—What a pity! You missed my birthday party. —Terribly sorry!___________my uncle not visited me unexpectedly. A．Should B．Would C．Had D．Did 6．I strongly suggest that the information ____ in my report ____ to Mr Brown without delay. A．to be referred to; to be e-mailed B．referring to; e-mail C．referred to; be e-mailed D．being referred to; being e-mailed 7．—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be complere ly ruined. —I wish they always late. A．weren’t B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．wouldn’t have been 8．It is time that we ________ a decision on how to approach this problem. A．make B．made C．to make D．will make 9．I ______ to you at that time, but I didn’t know where you lived. A．had written B．wrote C．would write D．would have written 10．It is recommended that the project ______ until all the preparations have been made. A．is not started B．will not be started C．not be started D．is not to be started 11．We require the thief _________ into prison. A．refers to being put B．referred to be put C．refer to being put D．referred should be put 12．_____, the student insisted that he _____ separated from his desk mate, who is very naughty. A．To avoid being affected; be B．To avoid to be affected; would be C．Avoid being affected; should be D．Avoiding to be affected; be 13．It’s high time that we against spreading false information on the Internet. A．will fight B．fought C．would fight D．fight 14．They demanded that the right to vote ___________ to every adult. A．was given B．was giving C．be giving D．be given 15．--- Are you happy now?
英语总复习虚拟语气完整归纳(1) 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．—A student in my class said to me, “if I ______our math teacher, I_____ make math learning easier and more interesting instead of giving the kids much homework to do every day.”A．were, would B．am, will C．was, would D．were, will 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：我班里的一个学生对我说：如果我是数学老师，我会使数学学习更简单有趣，而不是每天给学生许多作业去做。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。其主要有三种结构： 1、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形” 2、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词” 3、与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”。 该句描述的是与现状相反的事实故选A。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 2．---Can you tell me what to wear at the party? ---If I ___you,I___the blue jeans. A．was,will wear B．am,will wear C．were,would wear D．were,wore 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析： 句意：---你能告诉我穿什么参加聚会吗？---如果我是你，我会穿蓝色的牛仔裤。本题考查的是虚拟条件句中主句和从句的时态问题。用if引导的虚拟条件句，虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式（be 一般用were），主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her.结合语境可知应选C。 考点：考查虚拟语态。 3． I________ a big house for my family if I _____ a lot of money． A．would buy, have B．would buy, had C．will buy; had D．will buy, will have 【答案】B
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
虚拟语气归纳和练习 虚拟语气的重点是： 1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。 2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。 4．含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。 上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。 下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。 一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 （1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。 B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” I wish that he weren’t so lazy. (2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. (3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如： I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太
虚拟语气 定义：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，不是事实或与事实相反。 陈述语气 祈使语气 动词的语气非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气特殊句型中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气需特别注意的情况 用法： 一．IF引导的虚拟句式 注意；混合虚拟 （1）不同时间的虚拟： If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.
If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now. (2) 虚拟与陈述的混合： He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough. You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago. 二．名词性从句中的虚拟语气:从句谓语动词(should) +do 1.主语从句：it is + adj + that结构 2.宾语从句：主语+要求接虚拟语气的动词+that 一个坚持：insist
两个命令：order; command 两个决定：decide; determine 三个建议：suggest; advise; propose 四个要求：demand; ask; request; require 注意：① suggest：暗示；insist：坚持说(不虚拟) ② except, believe, think suspect等动词的否定形式或疑问句后面的宾语从句要用虚拟。 I never thought that he should be such a brave young solider ③ should竟然 I am glad that your novel should have won the first prize. ④ wish引导从句的虚拟语气，谓语动词变化和if从句虚拟语气一样。 Wish可以用以下结构：wish +主语+would/should have done 3.表语从句、同位语从句 三、其他用法 一、名词性从句的虚拟语气中，表示建议、命令、要求的含义是，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用："should + do"。should可以省略。但是： insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持某种观点，某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气 有些条件句是可能实现的，称为真实条件句. 虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的意愿.请求，设想，等未能或不可能实现的事实，或说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况.做这类题时首先要弄清楚虚拟语气的各种句型，即由if引导的虚拟条件句，省略if的倒装形式，可跟虚拟语气的宾语从句，同位语从句，表语从句的句型，以及表示祝愿或感叹的句子和由without， but for等介词引导的短语或句子. 主要用法 1). 主语从句，同位语从句中虚拟语气的用法. 2). 宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法，尤其是wish 虚拟语气结构的用法. 3). If条件句中虚拟语气的用法，应特别注意省略if的倒装结构是考试的重点. 4). would rather（=wish）等结构中虚拟语气的用法. 5). if only（如果。。。就好了）结构中虚拟语气的用法. 6). But， or， otherwise 等含蓄条件句的用法. 7). It’s time (that)（早该。。。。）等结构中虚拟语气的用法. 1. 虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的运用 (1) 虚拟语气现在时，用以表示与现在/将来事实相反的假设或现在实
现可能性不大的情况. Eg. If I were a bird， I would fly to you. If it is not for their help， we shall be in a very difficult position. If it were not for their help， we should be in a very difficult position. If I had seen the film, I would….. (2) 虚拟语气过去式. 表示与过去事实完全相反的假设. Eg. If we had started earlier， we should not have missed the train. If she hadn’t been ill， she might have come. If she were not ill， she might come.