英语专八改错点汇总

英语专八改错历年真题讲解(2014-2019)及十大考点解析2014年改错真题There is widespread consensus among scholars that second languageacquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s toearly 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions 1.__________ have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: 2.__________ Is it possible to acquire an additional language in thesame sense one acquires a first language? 3.__________ What is the explanation for the fact adults have 4. __________ more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?What motivates people to acquire additional languages?What is the role of the language teaching in the 5. ___________ acquisition of an additional language?What socio-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all 6.__________the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far haveone thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiringof an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do 7.___________ so. Whether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additionallanguage, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under 8.___________ focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of anindividual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning 9.___________ or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in theclassroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. 10.___________答案：1.is和a之间加also2.possessed变成attracted/drawn/caught/got/captured3.sense变成way/one前面加as4.fact前面加that5.去掉第二个the6.check变成review(study/research)7.attempts变成attempting8.or变成and9.involving变成involved10.touch变成contact2015年真题When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular showon ice by the mother of a friend. Looked around at the luxury of the 1.________ rink, my friend’s mother remarked on the “plush” seats we had beengiven. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2.________ vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush”was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation; that 3.________ much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I 4.________ started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, andso are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren’t they? Myfriend’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5. ________ expression that I had not got the word quite right.Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughlymeans, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6.________ new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our 7.________ own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should haveasked for plush, and this is particularly true in the 8.________ aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by 9________ speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly,but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English.So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap. 10._________答案：1)looked变成looking2)and变成but3)complimentary变成compliment4)去掉it5)very变成too6)which前面加in7)specially变成especially8)for变成about9)continually变成continuously10)mend变成fill八级英语考试语言运用-10大考点解析主讲老师：黄培辰一、语言运用部分的本质1）Reading Comprehension是大意阅读2）Language Usage是精读所以，读不懂就无法改二、Language Usage和Reading Comprehension的异同1）都需要读段落的第一句话2）都需要归纳段落主旨3）Reading Comprehension考查段落大意、作者态度、逻辑关系、字句的含义4）Language Usage考查语法、连词、单词辨析三、语言运用部分的十大考点1）定冠词和不定冠词的基本使用2）指代词汇使用3）主谓一致性4）主被动5）定语从句、同位语从句、强调句6）词性辨析7）习惯搭配8）连词使用9）介词使用10）单词辨析例子：1999年答案1.答案：as→like2.答案：supplementing→supplemented3.答案：and→or4.答案：in→on5.答案：as→whereas/while6.答案：for7.答案：of8.答案：half∧→that9.答案：if→though10.答案：for ∧→a2000年答案1.答案： the2.答案：but→and3.答案：in→to4.答案：misled→misleading5.答案：away6.答案：single→only7.答案：as→in8.答案：mean→means9.答案：have∧→such10.答案：obscurity→obscurities2001年答案1.答案： as→so2.答案：increasing→increasingly3.答案：so→but4.答案：soon或shortly5.答案：rich→richer6.答案：asked∧→for7.答案：involving→involved8.答案：1ife→living9.答案：handle→deal或with10.答案：total→full2011年答案1.grew的后面加up2.conscience变成consciousness3.soon变成sooner4.将the变成a5.disagreeing变成disagreeable6.imaginative变成imaginary7.literal变成literary8.去掉in9.which的前面加in10.Therefore变成Nevertheless四、做题方法方法一、注意段落第一句话方法二、单行注意基本语法、换行注意指代和一致性方法三、无错误行数对于有错误行数有暗示方法四、注意形似词汇、固定表达的总结和积累五、早期题目的练习The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric 1. human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing 2. with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modern hunter-gatherers, including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed that onehalf emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate on fishingand only one-sixth are primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirdsand more of the hunter-gatherer’s calories come from plants. 3. Detailed studies of the Kung by the food scientists at the University of London, showed that gathering is a more productive source of foodthan is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 4. edible calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. 5.Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung 6. diet, and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, ifthey escape fatal infections or accidents, these contemporaryaborigines live to old ages despite of the absence of medical care. 7. They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, little dentaldecay, no high blood pressure, on heart disease, and their bloodcholesterol levels are very low( about half of the average American 8. adult), if no one is suggesting what we return to an aboriginal life 9. style, we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for 10. healthier diet.只做题不总结是不行的、只总结不做题也是不行的五种知识要总结：1）定冠词不定冠词2）生偏语法点3）连词4）介词5）形态相似的词汇六、定冠词不定冠词使用1）不定冠词●用于可数名词单数前，表示某一类人或事物。

英语专业八级改错题常见错误改错题常见错误1、名词错误。

名词单、复数用错，可数与不可数名词的混用。

例如：①We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics.?A few后面应该用复数，所以subject改为subjects。

②They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.Question为可数名词，lots of后面是复数形式，所以question改为questions③I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon.“Times”表示次数时是可数名词，表示时间概念时是不可数名词，根据句意times应改为time。

2、时态错误：在一篇结构完整、语义连续的短文中，时态的使用也应该连贯一致，但是英语表示时间时，主句和从句时态可能不一致，却仍表明完整正确的意思。

这就要求考生准确判断句中动作的时态，培养对英语时态的敏感度。

?例如：①He can’t remember what he once knows.主句用的是一般现在时，宾语从句中有once(从前)作为明显的时间状语，因而从句中动词应用过去时knew。

②It was kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.“and”两边应该是平行的，“and”前面是动词原形meet，“and”后面应该也用动词原形，所以将drove改为drive。

3、语态错误在短文改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。

因为汉语表达习惯上有时不加“被”字也能表示被动，因而造成考生对被动语态不敏感。

英语专业八级改错问题分析及应对策略英语专业八级改错的错误类型主要涉及词法错误、语法错误、句法错误、搭配错误和逻辑错误。

因此以历年专八改错真题为例，划分和剖析错误类型，总结出“十二字改错法”应对策略，旨在帮助考生提高语言运用能力，掌握解题技巧。

标签：专八改错；问题分析；应对策略从2016年起，英语专业八级（TEM-8）试卷结构和考试题型部分调整，其中改错题被更名为“语言知识”，但短文长度、语误数量、分值比重、考试时间、考查内容并无变化。

本文以历年英语专八改错真题为例，划分和剖析错误类型，总结出“十二字改错法”应对策略，旨在帮助考生深刻理解考点，掌握解题技巧。

1题型概述专八改错的错误类型主要涉及词法错误、语法错误、句法错误、搭配错误和逻辑错误。

该题型不仅考查学生的词汇基础和语法功底，而且考查他们的阅读理解能力和逻辑思维能力。

总之，这一题型主要测试学生的语言运用能力。

2问题分析2.1词法错误词法错误主要包括词性误用和近词误用。

（1）词性误用主要涉及名词与动词、形容词的误用和副词与形容词的误用，如：“Plush” was clearly intended as a complimen tary，a positive evaluation；（2015年第3題）形容词complimentary改为名词compliment，与其后的同位语evaluation 相对应。

（2）近词误用主要指形近词和义近词的误用，如：While the defining characteristics of each culture are unique，all cultures share certain same functions. （2016年第5题）same“相同”改为similar“相似”，前者过于绝对。

两词义近，仍有差异。

2.2语法错误语法错误涵盖面甚广，主要包括名词单复数、代词、冠词、数词、动词、非谓语动词、时态、语态、比较级、语气、主谓一致等。

1、名词错误：名词单、复数用错，可数与不可数名词的混用。

例如：①We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics.?A few后面应该用复数，所以subject改为subjects。

②They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.Question为可数名词，lots of后面是复数形式，所以question改为questions③I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon.“Times”表示次数时是可数名词，表示时间概念时是不可数名词，根据句意times应改为time。

2、时态错误：在一篇结构完整、语义连续的短文中，时态的使用也应该连贯一致，但是英语表示时间时，主句和从句时态可能不一致，却仍表明完整正确的意思。

这就要求考生准确判断句中动作的时态，培养对英语时态的敏感度。

?例如：①He can’t remember what he once knows.主句用的是一般现在时，宾语从句中有once(从前)作为明显的时间状语，因而从句中动词应用过去时knew。

②It was kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.“and”两边应该是平行的，“and”前面是动词原形meet，“and”后面应该也用动词原形，所以将drove改为drive。

3、语态错误在短文改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。

因为汉语表达习惯上有时不加“被”字也能表示被动，因而造成考生对被动语态不敏感。

另外，不及物动词不能携带宾语，因而也就没有被动语态。

专八英语改错题技巧专八英语改错题技巧如何提高我们的英语能力呢？有什么好的办法吗？那么下面是店铺为大家整理的一些资料，一起来看看吧。

专八英语改错题技巧篇1一般现在时一般现在时态中，动词一般用原形。

表述事实讲真理，习惯动作常发生。

动词词尾加－s(es)，只表单数三人称。

若变一般疑问句，得看句型是哪种。

系表结构和there be, be放句首可完成；若遇实义动词句，do或does莫忘用！现在进行时Look, Listen是标志，现在进行正发生；有时now在句中现，“be＋v－ing”时态成。

若问be用何形式，须看主语数、人称。

He ／ She is, I am． We, you, they后are紧跟。

v－ing形式更好记，三种构成要分清。

一般问句be提前，be后加not否定成！基数词变序数词基变序，很容易，一二三，特殊记，th从四起。

八去t来九去e，遇到ve，f替，ty变为tie，后加th莫迟疑，若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。

时间介词巧记歌年、月、季节前须用in，（如：in 2008, in September, in spring）日期前面行不通。

遇到几号改用on，(如：on January 1)上午、下午、晚上仍用in。

(如：in the morning／afternoon／evening)若是某日上下午，也是用on才能行。

(如：on the evening of the Mid－autumn Day) 正午、夜里用at，(如：at noon, at night)时、分用法也同理。

（如：, at two, at two）如若“差”点须加to，(如：two to two)如若“过”点改past。

(如：half past one)多说勤练牢牢记，学好英语非儿戏。

谓语be的用法我用am，你用are除此之外的单数包括他她还有它统统都是用is我们你们和他们只要复数都用are一般疑问句和否定句的变化一般问句并不难，谓语调到主语前。

100个专八改错词义辨析易考词1. adapt: 改编/adopt:采纳,收养/adept:熟练的2. accurate 用词准确/precise 测量准确/concise 简明3. agency 代理处/agenda 议事日程4. amend:修正/mend:修理/modify:润色词句compare a with b: 比较,比喻/contrast a with b: 比较差异/compare a to b: 将 a 比作 b5. consist of=be made up of=be composed of6. compliment ：称赞,恭维/complimentary:赞颂的,称赞的7. communication:沟通/communications ：通讯/contact ：接触8. comparative:相对的/comparable:可比较的9. continual: 持续不断(时断时续)/continuous: 持续的 美少女生活日记10. consciousness:意识/conscience:良知11. considerate:考虑周到的/considerable:可观的12. conflict:冲突/contradiction:矛盾13. disagreeing:不一致/disagreeable:令人不快的14. differ ：使…不同,意见不同/differentiate ：区分,区别15. elusive: 难懂的,难捉摸的/illusive ：幻觉的16. exhaustive: 无遗落的,详尽的/exhausting: 令人疲惫的17. extinguished:熄灭/distinguished: 卓越的18. especially ：尤其是…/specially:特别的,专门的19. financial:金融的/fiscal:财政的20. fastidious:挑剔的,吹毛求疵的/fictitious:虚构的,虚假的/factious:派系斗争的21. genteel: 礼貌的,温文尔雅的/gentile: 异教徒22. gracious:高尚的/graceful:高雅的 美少女生活日记23. historical:历史的/historic: 历史意义的,重要的24. imaginary:虚构的/imaginative: 有创造力的,有想象力25. interfere with/intervene:干涉,干预26. judiciary: 司法的/ judicial ：公正的27. jurisdiction:司法权/jurisprudence:法学28. literature ：文学,文献/literal:文字的/literary:文学的29. live:现场直播/alive:活的30. manner:方法/manners:礼貌礼仪31. mean:平均数/means:方法手段32. modest: 谦虚的/humble ：谦卑的33. notation ：符号/notion ：看法,见解34. objective:客观的/objectionable:可厌恶的35. out of question: 无疑问/out of the question:不可能36. partial:偏袒的/impartial ：公正的37. perspective: 透视的/prospective:预期的 美少女生活日记38. retrospect: 回顾/introspect:内省39. respective:分别的/respectful:充满崇敬的/respectable:可敬的40. raise ：提高,升级,养育/rise ：上升41. arise ：出现/arouse:唤醒,激发42. sensitive: 敏感的/sensible: 明智的43. stationary: 静止的/stationery: 文具44. union:联邦/unity:团结45. view:看法,景色/vision:视野,想象力46. fleeting 短暂的,飞逝的/fleeing 现在分词 逃离47. sacred 神圣的/scared 感到害怕的48. contented 感到满意的/ contentious 有争议的49. minded 做表语表示准备,有意做某事/mindful 专注的,留心的50. medicine 普通用语,单纯的指药物/medication 可指药物治疗,包含所开处方之药品,药疗法等51. addicted 用语 be/become addicted to 表示上瘾 addictive adj.使人上瘾的 美少女生活日记52. connection 连接,关系,亲戚/connectivity 连通性53. principle 原则,道义/principal 主要的,首要的54. efficient 高效的/ effective 有效的55. specific 更侧重于事物内容,表具体的,确切的/specified 指定的56. acquire 获得/require 需要57. base 实地可见的基地或基础/ basis 抽象的不可见的基础或基本准则58. efficiency 效能/ deficiency 不足,缺乏59. estimate 估计/evaluate 评估60. accountant 会计/accountability 责任,义务61. objective 客观的,真实的/objectionable 反对的,讨厌的62. relocation 再分配,重新安置/allocation 分配,安置63. fluent 流畅的/ affluent 富裕的64. considerately 体贴地,考虑周到的/considerably 相当多地,相当大地65. refined 精炼的/defined 定义的66. exciting 某事物让人激动/ excitable 自身情绪易过于激动 美少女生活日记67. include 包括/ exclude 排除,不包括68. access 接近,使用/ assess 评估,评定69. payment 商业,信贷支付,付款/pay 工资,薪饷70. personnel 人员,人事部门/personal 个人的,私人的71. difficult 困难的/different 不同的72. familiar 熟悉的/similar 相似的73. with 拥有,伴随/within 在某个范围内74. dignity 庄严,尊贵/dignitary 显要,贵人75. real 客观上存在,并非想象的,与“无”相对/true 正确的,真实的,强调和实际情况相符,与“假”相对76. accompany 陪伴/accomplish 完成77. alcoholic 含酒精的/ alcohol 酒精78. temporal 时间的,庸俗的/temporary 暂时的,短暂的79. understanding 体谅的,通情达理的/understandable 能懂的,可以理解的80. stationary 固定物/stationery 信笺81. serious 严肃的/senior 高级的82. form 种类,形态/ format (书等的)版本,(程序等的)样式 美少女生活日记83. rent 租金,租费/rental 租赁,出借84. consulter 商量者/ consultant 顾问85. differ 不及物动词,不同,相异/differentiate 及物动词,使有差异；构成...间的差别86. derived from 从...获得,源自/be deprived of 被剥夺....87. debated 被争论的/debatable 有争议的,可争议的88. economic 经济学的,经济上的/economical 节约的,合算的89. movement 运动,活动/move 动作,步骤,措施90. list 列入,列举/ enlist 争取91. fragment 碎片,片段或不完整部分/fragmentation 破碎,分裂92. rise 不及物动词,升起,上涨/raise 及物动词,提出,引起93. comprise 及物动词,由...组成/consist of 由...组成94. farther 更远的,通常用于表示具体地理空间的距离/further 抽象意义的更加,更进一步美少女生活日记。

专八改错知识总结：特点：近年题目每行必定有错，每行错误只有一处且只能改一个词。

作题步骤:第一步：通读全文了解大意同时改正明显错误；第二步：逐句开始改错但是不要把目光只是盯在要改的这一句。

要前后结合，有的错误在前句（上一行埋下伏笔），错误出现在要改的这一行。

需要特别注意的就是介词、动词、平行结构、一副一形修饰名词，两形修饰名词。

不会做的先空着第三步：整体最后把握，对实在不会的行，针对考点来猜。

常见错误：1，从语篇的角度判断逻辑衔接词是否有误；2，分析句子结构，判断句子成分是否有误；3，结合上下文判断动词的时态是否有误；4，区分动词的及物、不及物性质；5，判断动词或者分词的主被动情况；6，判断冠词是否有误；7，判断介词搭配是否有误；8，判断代词是否有误；9，判断词性是否有误；10，判断比较结构是否有误；11，排查名词。

动词单复数的问题；12，判断词义表达是否准确；名词：1，可数名词永远不能单独使用，前面要有限定词，或者后面要有复试形式。

2，名词可以做定语，但是一般用单数形式。

3，Poetry 诗歌总称poem 一首诗歌复数：poems4，Person复数是people，但是当表示郑重或者贬义时，可以出现persons。

5，Human being（单）human beings（复）动词：1，及物动词：Inhabit sp.Approach sp （当作……的方法讲时，用介词to）Remove 作迁移、移居，不及物；作去除、排除，及物；Date sb. 与……约会2，如果动词出现在句尾，一定要注意这个动词后面是否缺少介词。

3，当一个句子从头到尾都似乎正确，这时可以把注意力集中到动词上面。

看动词到底是及物动词还是不及物动词。

不及物动词就要借助介词来表达意思。

4，Keep/have/make 后面要接形容词做宾语补足语，而不是接副词。

5，注意有些动词为或者可以做系动词，其后面加的是形容词，而不是副词。

这些动词有：Be，keep，remain，stay，lie，stand，seem，appear，look，feel，smell，sound，taste，become，grow，turn，fall，get，go，come，run，prove，turn out；6，return back home back要去掉1，遇到形容词最高级时，注意该形容词是单音节还是多音节。

历年英语专八改错练习题及答案历年英语专八改错练习题及答案"Useless things, then do not buy cheap; people do not love, then do not rely lonely."以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的历年英语专八改错练习题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!To be called beautiful is thought to name something essential to women’s character and concerns. (In contrast by men- whose __1__ essence is to be strong, or effective, or competent.)It does not need someone in the throes of feminist awareness to perceive that __2__The way women are taught to be involved in beauty encourages __3__ narcissism, reinforces independence and immaturity.Everybody knows __4__ that.For it is “everybody”, a whole society, which has identified __5__Being feminine with caring about how one looks. Giving these __6__ stereotypes, it is no wonder that beauty enjoys, at best, a rather mixed reputation.It is not, of course, the desire to be beautiful is wrong but the __7__obligation to be. Women are taught to see their bodies in parts, and to assess each part separately. Breasts, feet, hips, waistline, neck, __8__ eyes, nose, complexion, hair, and so on –each by turn is submitted __9__To an anxious scrutiny. Even if some pass the scrutiny, some will always be found wanted. Nothing less than perfection will do. __10__参考答案及解析:1.by改为 to/with词组 in contrast to/ with 表示“与……相比”，不能用其他介词。

Part Ⅱ Proofreading and Error Correction (15 min)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/’ and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never／buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitThe hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric 1.______ human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing 2._____with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modem hunter-gatherers, including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed that onehalf emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate on fishingand only one-sixth are primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirdsand more of the hunter-gatherer’s calories come from plants. Detailed 3.______ studies of the Kung by the food scientists at the University ofLondon, showed that gathering is a more productive source of foodthan is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 4.______ edible calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. 5.______ Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung 6._______ diet, and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, ifthey escape fatal infections or accidents, these contemporaryaborigines live to old ages despite of the absence of medical care. 7._______ They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, little dentaldecay, no high blood pressure, on heart disease, and their bloodcholesterol levels are very low( about half of the average American 8._______ adult), if no one is suggesting what we return to an aboriginal life 9.________ style, we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for 10.________ healthier diet.The grammatical words which play so large a part in Englishgrammar are for the most part sharply and obviously different 1._______ from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which mayseem the most obvious is that grammatical words have“ lessmeaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them 2._______“empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary. 3.________ But this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction. 4._________ Although a word like the is not the name of something as man is,it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp 5._________ difference in meaning between “man is vile and” “the man isvile”, yet the is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning. 6.________ Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably amongthemselves as the amount of meaning they have, even in the 7.________ lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been“little words”. But size is by no mean a good criterion for 8._________ distinguishing the grammatical words of English, when weconsider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart 9.________ from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what somepeople say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity 10.________ when we omit them. This is illustrated not only in the poetry ofRobert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines.During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as thevery lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watchedthe yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if 1._______ they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing 2._______ favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketingthe western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grainselling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could 3._______ not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often thatthey sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts 4.________ were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. 5._______ On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, 6._______ but the government had no wish to become involving, at 7.______ least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to runwild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8.______ government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal withdeliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchangetrading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by theboard. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government appointed 9.______ the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to 10.______ buy, sell, and set prices.There are great impediments to the general use of a standardin pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography).One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt “naturally”and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt 1__________ deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact,remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our speech 2.__________ sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a shock 3.__________ when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a voice we 4._________ recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is somethingwhich we almost always know. We begin the natural learning 5.__________ of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write,and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and 6.__________ practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many morehours per every day than we ever have to spend learning even our 7.___________ difficult English spelling. This is “natural”, therefore, that our 8.__________ speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle; after all,as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding a community 9.__________ and giving a sense of 'belonging'. We learn quite early torecognize a “stranger”, someone who speaks with anaccent of a different community-perhaps only a few miles far. 10.__________ 2003改错Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwarperiod were more eager than ever to establish families. They quicklybrought down the age at marriage for both men and women and broughtthe birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred (1)______ years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.” These young(2)_______ adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively largefamilies that Went for more than two decades and caused a major (3)_______ but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. Fromthe 1940S through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate (4)________ and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts. (5)________ Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women on who (6)________ formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the (7)________ divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact toa greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well (8)________ as later decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious (9)_________ distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, thetemporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in (10)_________ Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner andhomemaker was not abandoned.2004改错One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Congressis the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to committees - either standing committees, special committees set for a specific (1)________ purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. (2)________ Investigations are held to gather information on the need forfuture legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members andofficials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the (3)________ groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committeesrely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings (4)_________ and to make out detailed studies of issues. (5)_________ There are important corollaries to the investigative power. Oneis the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most (6)_________ committee hearings are open to public and are reported (7)__________ widely in the mass media. Congressional investigationsnevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers (8)__________ to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues.(9)________ Congressional committees also have the power to compeltestimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contemptof Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjurythese who give false testimony. (10)_________ 2005改错The University as BusinessA number of colleges and universities have announced steeptuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed becauseof a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common 1 stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizesits net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 2 outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 3 business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 4 increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of beingin the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in 5 graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one's job prospects, 6 the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more marketable.The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 7 include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving studentsa governance role, and eliminate required courses. 8 Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 9 rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlierfrom professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purelyof need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best 10 customer.2006改错We use language primarily as a means of communication withother human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as 1_______ to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular 2______ message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a3_______ set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his4______ thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English 5_______ speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses activelyand that which he recognizes, increases in size as he growsold as a result of education and experience. 6______ But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the systemremains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unlesshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another 7_______ member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice’ two m ost8_______ common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by ourvocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are 9___ ___ among most striking of human achievements. 10_______2007改错From what has been said, it must be clear that no one canmake very positive statements about how language originated.There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1records of ancient languages show us language in a new and 2emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language 3 ___ originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4 necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remotetribes, no ancient records, providing evidence ofa language with a large proportion of such cries 5than we find in English. It is true that the absenceof such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in 6other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.People of all races and languages make rather similarnoises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that7such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmenand Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference8__________ between these noises and language proper. We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amusementare largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, 9whereas language proper does not consist of signsbut of these that have to be learnt and that are10__________ wholly conventional.2008年改错The desire to use language as a sign of national identityis a very natural one，and in result language has played a 1__________ prominent part in national moves．Men have often felt the need 2__________ to cultivate a given language to show that they are distinctive 3____________ from another race．whose hegemony they resent．At the time the 4.___________ United States split off from Britain，for example，therewere proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by 5._________ the use of a different language from those of Britain． 6.__________ There was even one proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew．Others favoured the adoption of Greek，though，as one man put it，things would certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to 7.___________ English and made the British learn Greek．At the end，as everyone 8.___________ knows，the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactorysolution of carrying with the same language as before．Sincenearly two hundred years now，they have shown the 9.____________ world that political independence and national identity can be 10.___________ complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language．2009年改错The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passesfrom one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)__ ___ between shcool lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learntin early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener (2)__ ___ has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. (3)___ __ The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmittingIt may be something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground (4)__ ___ lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on whtin the very hour (5)__ ___it is learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the (6)___ __ same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in agebetween playmates to be more than five years. If therefore, a playgroundrhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or (7)___ __ even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitting overand over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three (8)__ ___ hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live (9)___ __ after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)__ __ original wording.2012PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)The passage contains TEN errors．Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error．In each case, only ONE word is involved．You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "L" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEWhen A art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall．When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it．(3) exhibitProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely．The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______ century B.C．Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writersfavoured certain kind of “free” translation: the sp irit, not the letter; the (2) _______ sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______ the manner．This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______ wanted the truth to be read and understood．Then in the turn of 19th (5) _______ century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______ was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _______ gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _____ literal as possible．This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______ extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, thenature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed．Toooften, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified witheach other．Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains．(10)_____。