文献出处: Humble M. The study of express logistics network optimization [J]. Operations Research Perspectives, 2016, 6(3): 106-115.
原文
The study of express logistics network optimization
Humble M
Abstract
Express industry as an important part of modern logistics industry to become one of the fastest growing industries in recent years. The rapid development of express industry lead to a lot of capital inflow express delivery market, thus express companies, there are many sizes for grab market resources, the competition between enterprises is becoming more and fiercer. Excessive competition caused a lot of waste of resources, reduce the utilization of resources, and increase the cost of logistics. In order to solve these problems need to integrate the express industry resources, increase the concentration of industry level. And Courier companies mergers and reorganization is the integration between the express industry resources, express delivery industry competitiveness effective way. Express logistics network in the express industry is regarded as express the lifeblood of enterprises, of which the end of the service network (hereinafter referred to as end nodes), the distribution center, the urban regional hub (hereinafter referred to as the regional hub) and the number of spatial layout directly determines the operation mode of delivery and quality of operations. Therefore, under the merger restructuring enterprises express logistics network optimization integration to express the development of the enterprise after the merger and reorganization plays a decisive role.
Keywords: Mergers and reorganization; Network optimization integration; End node; Distribution center
1Introduction
Logistics network theory is the inevitable outcome of the development of logistics management research Gum constantly, is a standardized, systematic and scientific research important way of modern logistics, it expanded the logistics network operations research new train of thought, provides a theoretical basis for the logistics network optimization. DJ Bowers (2007) put forward the theory of supply chain logistics integration, and based on logistics, warehouse location, transportation cost, inventory cost, etc, integrating advanced the theory of integration
architecture. MS Ram m. (2009) integrated logistics network is a closed loop integrated forward/reverse logistics network, including production/recovery, mixed distribution, customers, collecting and processing center, etc., first used to determine the mixed integer linear programming model for logistics network integration, and then in uncertain scenarios using the mixed integer linear programming model, the model can avoid suboptimal results caused by separation and continuous. Maria Boiler mud (2013) in a nonlinear integer model to solve the dynamic integrated forward and reverse distribution network design model double H standards to minimize transport costs and time; Integrated logistics network facility location problem to improve the efficiency of forward and reverse logistics, mainly is the determination of three types of facilities, warehouse (logistics), collection centers (reverse logistics) and mixed facilities (forward and reverse logistics).
2 Express logistics network
2.1 Summary of logistics network
Donald j. Bower and David its loss in the book of the process of logistics management, supply chain integration points out that the whole logistics network design has a direct impact on the logistics efficiency, to provide customer service capabilities and cost mainly by number of logistics facilities, the influence of the practical factors such as scale; Essential part of network layout design is to determine the number of every kind of facilities, location and job, etc.; In the constantly changing competitive environment, the types of products, customer demand changes at the moment, so perfecting the infrastructure network to adapt to the change of supply and demand is very important. Ronald h. Balloon (2010) argues that the essence of the network structure problem is to determine from to the customer's network structure, including the facility type, number, location and each facility between the determination of amount of products and customers; In his book "logistics management", lists the data needed for logistics network integration, and put forward the evaluation and the evaluation of enterprise logistics network in the general audit criteria. Logistics network has the following characteristics: logistics network has the characteristics of high efficiency. The goal of logistics network is the lowest cost for a shorter time would be delivered goods in good condition of the demand side, the maximum combination of logistics and information flow, cash flow to achieve "zero inventory, a short period of time, no intermittent transmission" is the ideal state. The openness of the logistics is network. Openness is
the foundation of logistics nodes can be through the public network, all nodes connected directly or indirectly. Logistics network openness enables each node and other nodes exchange information quickly, processing business. Pilot logistics network information.
Widespread use of mechanization and automation equipment can greatly improve the level of information of logistics network, but the collection, management, analysis and mining equipment in the process of logistics information is more important. The information in the logistics network throughout the logistics activity always, to the operation of logistics network as a whole have the function of the guidance and integration. Logistics network has the size advantage. Scale is the important aims of logistics network. Dispersion formed in the field of logistics, logistics network nodes and the characteristic of management, will highlight its scale advantage. Through large-scale joint operation of logistics nodes can fully improve the efficiency of the whole operation of the logistics network, reduce the cost of the overall operation, reliance on a single node of logistics network is also significantly reduced; Can't work normally even if there is a node, other nodes can quickly make up for it, resist risk ability.
2.2 The characteristics of the express logistics network
Express logistics network mainly includes three parts, main transport networks, and distribution networks, from end off. Every part of the network composition and the exercise of the functions of each are not identical. Backbone transport network is mainly between regional hub and regional hub and distribution center of the network, it is mainly long distance transportation, mainly by car and air transport way. Distribution network is mainly between distribution center and end node network, goods distribution through the distribution centers, arrived at the end of the subordinate branches. From end off network composed of customers and end node, it is the first link is the final link of express delivery business, is also an important part of the customer experience.
The different methods of delivery of goods produced two types of networks: shaft type and the entire company general formula express logistics network. Among them, the major structure of the radiation is the hub of partition network characteristics, in each partition can have one or more of the hub, the hub node can not only send and receive the goods within the region but also can connect other areas of the hub node, transit and sorting is also its function. In the axis of the type express logistics network, transport of goods need to transport to the hub node, through sorting
transit hub node before handing out again. Fully connected network is any node is exchanged between, should have the shipping line directly connected. The connected network can realize goods direct type distribution between any nodes on the network, but this way of distribution will be an additional shipping cost. Because of the dispersed distribution and small features express Courier companies is the main distribution object, so axial radial express more than logistics network all over along with the network helps to improve logistics resources integration, logistics resource utilization, to reduce logistics cost, shaft f type express logistics network more in line with the actual situation of delivery operation.
3 The composition of express logistics network
3.1 Delivery terminal network
Delivery at the end of the node is the beginning of the express logistics network point and end point, its main function is to Posting and expresses mail delivery. End points are mainly distributed in express business covered area, it is a hub between customers and express logistics network, it is the most closely relationship with the customer.
3.2 Express transit center
FedEx transit node is mainly to express logistics network of express distribution and transport. In the express industry generally call forwarding nodes distribution center. Distribution center is that it is important to express the importance of sorting and distributing node, although it is not engaged in commodity concrete production, but it carried from other outlets to express according to the actual situation of their concentration, distribution and transport, so as to realize express process from scattered to centralized and decentralized. Large express transit center also known as the regional hub, is mainly responsible for an area of express distribution processing work. Regional hub location and capacity of the entire network transit time and produce a great impact on the transport capacity. Express delivery regional hub of the distribution center, unified handling after its focus to send to other regional hub or sent to the affiliate distribution centers. FedEx transit center location, quantity, and the determination of position, usually to comprehensively consider the goods category, quantity, flow, traffic conditions, geographical location, timeliness, urban planning and policy, and other transit center connecting relations, operation efficiency and other factors.
3.3 Express logistics operation network
Express operation of the network is mainly composed of backbone transport network, distribution network and terminal to send three parts. Among them, the backbone transport network is mainly composed of regional hub and distribution center, distribution network mainly distribution center and end node; from end off the network by the end of branches and customer focus point. Usually express logistics network, the network backbone network structure for shaft type network, mostly adopt more hub shaft radial network; From distribution network and end off network mainly based on the principle of regional scope of radiation distance and with the method of partition management. The express logistics network is the core part of the backbone transport network; it is the assurance of delivery timeliness. Backbone network process is conducted within the enterprise, the optimization of the backbone network mainly from the perspective of the cost or expense. From end off network because of close contact with customers, is express enterprise and customer direct interaction between the nodes, not only consider the cost on its optimization integration problems, should think more customers with better service experience for the main purpose, pay attention to the mining of customer demand information, optimized and integrated send link.
Delivery of the entire process is as follows: when the client needs to send a, can through the phone, the website of Courier company or to the end node, send a request, after receiving member will charge customers express according to the situation; Receipt at the end of the class member take the express mail delivery to the end node, will express, documents and other information with the staff of the terminal branch transfer processing, thus completes a warehousing operations; Outlets warehouse controller according to the local distribution center at the end of the transit flights will express mail sent to the local distribution centers, it is called the sender homework; Express mail arrived at the distribution center, sorting, all express direction as conditions after sorting to arrange transportation after a brief storage (depending on the situation on the mode of transportation to choose trains, cars, planes, etc.).After the express arrival at the regional hub of the city, according to express the destination address again points to the distribution center, and then, through the distribution network to send the goods to the terminal outlets;
译文
快递物流网络优化研究
Humble M
摘要
快递业作为现代物流业的重要组成部分成为最近几年发展最快的行业之一。快递行业的迅速发展导致大量资本涌入快递市场，从而出现了很多大小不一的快递企业，为抢夺市场资源这些企业间的竞争也越来越激烈。过度的竞争造成了大量的资源浪费，降低了资源的利用率，增加了物流的成本。为解决这些问题需要整合快递行业资源，增加快递行业的集中度水平。而快递企业间的兼并重组是整合快递行业资源，增强快递行业竞争力行之有效的方式。在快递行业中快递物流网络被视为快递企业的命脉，其中末端服务网点（简称末端网点）、分拨中心、城市区域枢纽（简称区域枢纽）的数量及空间布局直接决定着快递企业的运营模式和运营质量。因此，在兼并重组下企业快递物流网络的优化整合对于快递企业兼并重组后的发展具有举足轻重的作用。
关键词：兼并重组；网络优化整合；末端网点；分拨中心
1引言
物流网络理论是物流管理研宄不断发展的必然结果，是规范化、系统化、科学化研究现代物流的重要途径，它拓展了物流网络化运作研究的新思路，为物流网络资源优化提供了理论基础。DJ Bowers ox ( 2007)提出了供应链物流整合理论，并基于物流位置、仓库位置、运输成本、库存成本等方面整合提出了整合的理论架构。MS Ramie (2009)认为集成物流M络是一个闭环综合正向/反向物流网络，其中包括生产/复苏、混合分销收集、顾客、和处理中心等，首先用确定的混合整数线性规划模型进行物流网络整合，然后在不确定场景下运用混合整数线性规划进行建模，该模型可以避免因分离和连续导致的次优结果。Maria Boiled(2013 )在提出了一种非线性泥合整数模型解决动态集成正向和反向分销网络设计双H 标模型来最小化运输和时间费用；综合物流网络设施选址问题提高正向和逆向物流的效率，主要是三种类型的设施的确定：仓库（物流），收集中心（逆向物流）和混合设施（正向和逆向物流）
2 快递物流网络
2.1 物流网络概述
Donald J. Bowers’s ox和David Jockos在《物流管理：供应链过程的一体化》一书指出整个物流网络设计对物流效率有直接影响，向顾客提供服务的能力和成本主要受到物流设施数量、规模等实际因素的影响；网络布局设计至关重要的部分是确定每一种设施的数量、位置以及承担的工作等；在不断变化的竞争性环境中，产品的类型、顾客的需求量等都在时刻变化，所以不断完善基础设施网络以适应供求变化是十分重要的。Ronald H. Ballot (2010) 认
为网络结构问题的实质就是确定从供货点到客户的网络结构，包括设施种类、数量、位置以及每个设施之间的产品和客户量的确定；在他的《企业物流管理》一书中列出了物流网络整合时所需要的数据，并针对企业物流网络的评估提出了评估和审核的一般准则。物流网络具有以下特征: 物流网络具有高效性的特征。物流网络的目标是以最低成本较短的时间内将物品完好的送达需求方，最大限度结合物流和信息流、资金流以实现“零库存，短时间，无间歇传送”的理想状态。物流网络的开放性。开放性是基础，物流结点之间都可以通过公用网络进行联结，所有结点直接或者间接相联系。物流网络的开放性可以使每个结点与其他结点快速地交换信息、处理业务。物流网络中信息具有先导性
广泛使用机械化、自动化设备可以大幅度提高物流网络的信息化水平，但收集、管理、分析和挖掘这些设备在物流过程中产生的信息更加重要。物流网络中的信息贯穿于物流活动的始终，对物流网络整体运作具有引导和整合的作用。物流网络具有规模优势。模效益是物流网络追求的重要目标。在物流领域中，物流网络形成结点分散而管理集中的特点时，便会突显出来它的规模优势。通过物流结点的大规模联合作业可以充分提高整个物流网络的运作效率，大幅度降低整体的运行成本，物流网络对单个结点的依赖性也明显降低；即使有某个结点不能正常工作，其他结点可以很快弥补它的空缺，抵御风险能力明显增强。
2.2 快递物流网络的特点
快递物流网络主要包括三部分，主干运输网络、配送网络、末端取送网络。每部分网络的组成和所行使的功能各不相同。主干运输网络主要是区域枢纽之间和区域枢纽和分拨中心之间的网络，它主要是长距离的运输，运输方式主要是通过汽车和空运。配送网络主要是分拨中心和末端网点之间的网络，货物通过分拨中心进行分拨，到达下属的末端网点。末端取送网络由顾客和末端网点组成，它是快递业务的最初环节也是最后的环节，也是影响客户体验的重要部分。
由于货物配送方式的不同产生了两种类型的网络：轴福式和全连通式快递物流网络。其中，分区化是枢纽福射网络的主要结构特征，在每个分区里可以有一个或多个枢纽，这些枢纽节点不仅能实现本区域内货物的收发而且还能连接其它区域的枢纽节点，中转和分拣也是它的功能。在轴辖式的快递物流网络中，货物的运输需要要先运送到枢纽节点，再通过枢纽节点分拣中转后再派发。全连通网络是任意节点之间都是互通的，都要有配送线路直接相连。全连通网络可以实现网络上任意网点之间货物直达式配送，但这种配送方式会额外增加配送成本。由于分散配送和小件为特点的快件是快递企业的主要配送对象，所以轴辐式的快递物流网络相比于全连同网络更有助于物流资源整合、（完整译文请到百度文库）提高物流资源
文献出处: Mahpula A、The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness [J]、Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 15(2): 30-34、 原文 The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness Mahpula A Abstract At present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase, the expanding market capacity, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third-party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization、At the same time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, the development of the regional logistics more rapidly、Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics、Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form、Regional economic integration can make the area and regional logistics incline to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics、On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy、Therefore, the development of the regional logistics has become to improve the regional investment environment and industry development environment, expanding the scope of the regional influence, the key to enhancing regional competitiveness、 Keywords: Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluation index 1 Introduction The rapid development of world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, the logistics industry as an emerging service industry, is developing rapidly in the global scope、Internationally, logistics industry is considered to be the economic development of the artery and basic industry, its development degree
我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择 熊卫 【摘要】我国物流业发展刚刚起步，第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱。本文指出我国第三方物流存在的问题在于国内外第三方物流企业差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系统性管理、物流平台构筑滞后、物流管理观念落后等。分析了产生上述问题的原因，并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企业价值链联盟、大型第三方物流企业虚拟化战略等三种可供选择的第三方物流企业发展战略。 【关键词】第三方物流；精益物流战略；价值链联盟；虚拟化战略 1引言 长期以来，我国国内企业对采购、运输、仓储、代理、包装、加工、配送等环节控制能力不强，在“采购黑洞”、“物流陷井”中造成的损失浪费难以计算。因此，对第三方物流的研究，对于促进我国经济整体效益的提高有着非常重要的理论和实践意义。本文试图对我国策三方物流存在的问题及原因进行分析探讨，并提出第三方物流几种可行的战略选择。 2我国第三方物流业存在的主要问题 (一)我国策三方物流企业与国外第三方物流企业的差距较大，具体表现在以下几个方面： 1、规模经济及资本差距明显。由于国外的大型第三方物流企业从全球经营的战略出发，其规模和资本优势是毫无疑问的，尤其初创时期的我国策三方物流业，本身的规模就很小，国外巨头雄厚的资本令国内企业相形见绌。 2、我国策三方物流业企业提供的物流服务水准及质量控制远不如国外同行。当国内一些企业还在把物流理解成“卡车加仓库“的时候，国外的物流企业早已完成了一系列标准化的改造。同时，国外的物流组织能力非常强大，例如德国一家第三方物流公司，公司各方面的物流专家遍布欧洲各地。如果有客户的货物需要经达不同的国家，那么欧洲各地的这些专家就在网上设计出一个最佳的物流解决方案。这种提供解决方案的能力就是这第三方物流公司的核心能力，而不像国内公司号称拥有多少条船，多少辆车。 3、我国加入WTO后物流产业的门槛降低。在物流服务业方面：我国承诺所有的服务行业，在经过合理过渡期后，取消大部分外国股权限制，不限制外国服务供应商进入
电子商务物流配送的文献综述范文模板 摘要：随着电子商务和物流配送的发展，国内外很多学者在对电子商务配送研究的同时，提出了很多不同的理论和观念。本文主要通过对相关文献资料的查阅和整理，整合与电子商务配送模式相关的国内外观点。同时对各种观点的讨论比较，了解电子商务配送的现状，最后结合相关观点，提出自己的观点，从而指导论文撰写的方向。 关键词：电子商务；配送模式；观点 一、引言 随着信息时代的到来，特别在是近几年来面向终端消费者的网络购物越来越深人入心的今天，电子商务给消费者带来了许多便利和实惠，同时对相应的物流配送提出了新的挑战和要求。21世纪以来，越来越多的人看好电子商务物流配送的发展，很多学者并致力于相关的研究。对于电子商务物流配送的研究，有助于我们根据电子商务的特点选择适合的物流配送模式，有助于我们充分发挥物流配送的优势，降低物流成本。在下文中，将会整理出国内外一些学者的观点，了解目前国内外的研究现况。 二、国内学者的观点 国内许多学者对物流配送模式及电子商务物流配送等相关领域进行了研究，并阐述了各种观点，通过各种相关资料的收集与整理，主要有以下几点：吕晓慧认为，目前在我国，以电子商务为主要业务的企业越来越多，这极大的促进了我国电子商务的快速发展。但在此过程中，与电子商务相关的物流配送却没有同步发展，必须要尽快解决电子商务物流配送的瓶颈问题。 谢勇，廖佑莲认为，我国电子商务中物流配送存在的问题主要是对物流配送的重要性认识不足，物流配送服务成本高、效率低、服务体系不完善、不规范，缺乏专业的人才等，并针对问题提出相应的解决对策。 李善伟以电子商务下的网上购物网站为例，分析其物流配送模式，认为网购平台所有者应加快电子商务物流配送基础设施建设，提升物流配送质量，提高物流配送效率，完善电子商务物流的配送体系，从而有效降低物流成本，提高经济效益。 魏斐翡对网上消费者快递服务风险重要度评价与各快递服务指标的满意度、重要性评价、及其差值进行了测评和对比分析，在数据分析的基础上提出了我国快递服务质量值得引起重视的几个问题。 2.5小结 通过对各级管理员的划分，使系统的使用方向更加明确。系统各个模块的功能能够基本实现现代物流配送信息的记录和管理，加快物流行业的管理能力。 物流行业经过多年发展已经基本形成了自己的发展空间，但是面对多种挑战，只有不断提高自身的竞争能力才能占有一定的市场，这套面对用户的系统可以充分完善物流行业的管理能力，在一定程度上提高了企业的竞争力，也提高了企业的管理能力同时节省了人力物力财力，在发展中发挥应有的作用。 第3章概要设计 3.1系统设计以及面向用户原则 物流配送信息系统是一种严谨的货物管理系统，其制作质量直接影响用户使用，甚至对物流公司的收益造成影响。内部内容要相对复杂，但是用户操作界面必须简洁，以满足不同用户的使用需求。
中英文翻译 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 摘要：自从―一万村‖市场项目开展以来，连锁超市就开始在农村地区发展起来。物流和分配是连锁超市运作过程中的纽带，在超市的平稳运作中起到重要作用。本土超市涌现出的很多问题，现在逐渐成为超市发展的瓶颈。在这篇论文中，作者将会分析现今存在于中国农村超市的物流和分配方面的问题，然后提供一些相应策略解决这个问题。 关键词：农村地区，货品分配，策略规划，物流，连锁超市。 1 介绍 自从―一万村‖市场项目开展以来，连锁超市作为一个新的运作系统及销售模式，开始在广阔的农村地区发展。这些连锁超市带领农民提高消费水平、缩小城乡差异、提升农村地区和农村市场现代流通的发展。连锁超市在农民中很受欢迎。然而，物流和分配是连锁超市的核心，却仍非常薄弱。分配的优势是超市运作成本、利润及相关合伙人附加利润的关键。在当前经济危机的形势下，解决农村超市物流及分配方面的问题，对农村市场的发展、经济的发展以及建设一个社会主义新农村都非常关键。 1.1农村连锁超市物流及分配的一些概念和特点
分配是一个经济活动，是企业家基于消费者需求，用最有效的方式在分配中心或其它地点储存货物，并且把这些货物运送到在合理经济框架内的其他客户。它包含购买、储存、分类、货物处理、递送及其它活动。它是一个物流活动的方式，结合了特别的、完整的业务流程。在农村地区，农民和农产品独特，所以，与城市物流分配相比，有着一些不同的特点。 1.2农村地区的主要物流和分配问题 A．低均匀分布率和高运作成本 根据商务部调查，自从―一万村‖市场项目开展以来，农村连锁超市的覆盖率已经达到超过60%，但是分配率却只有40%。这个数字不仅低于国内连锁超市60%的平均运送率，也大大低于国外连锁超市高于80%的运送率。均匀分配有利于统一采购。商店不能得益于连锁。这就会导致高物流成本。 B．不合理的物流和分配模式，导致信息读取效率不高 最近，农村连锁超市的物流和分配渠道主要由分配中心、农产品和供应市场合作社、第三方物流和分配系统组成。事实上，这三种分配方式也同样面临着高物流成本的问题。许多连锁超市没有建立自己的分配中心，因而不能满足分配服务的需求。即使一些连锁超市建立了自己的分配中心，也仍然存在很大问题。大多数农村超市规模较小，缺少建立分配中心的资金，因此，一些分配中心不能满足超市分配的需求。农村连锁商店分布较广，单个的连锁超市分配还是比较有限。收入比分配中心的建立和运作成本还要低。 C．分配中心的延后建立、低下技术水平、低分配水平 农村连锁超市的分配中心改造和扩大都是基于原来的仓库，这并不能满足连锁超市的服务需求。这些分配中心只能用来当仓库、储存及运输，缺少了深层的货品加工容量、信息加工以及反馈功能。这些基础设施不够，也缺少了机械化的检测、加工、冰冻、冷藏、包装及其它设备。电脑信息管理系统也远远不够，导致了不能及时进行与供应商、总部以及分部的数据交换。很难有效地管理物流信息，所以所有功能的协作及整合程度仍然非常低。 D．不充分的信息共享系统 农村连锁超市的信息系统构建是相对落后的。电子订货系统、电子数据互换系统以及增值网络系统都还没有使用。决策和信息管理系统也远远不够。很难在
物流配送中心外文文献原稿和译文 北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计(论文)——外文文献原稿和译文 外文文献原稿和译文 原稿 logistics distribution center location factors: (1) the goods distribution and quantity. This is the distribution center and distribution of the object, such as goods source and the future of distribution, history and current and future forecast and development, etc. Distribution center should as far as possible and producer form in the area and distribution short optimization. The quantity of goods is along with the growth of the size distribution and constant growth. Goods higher growth rate, the more demand distribution center location is reasonable and reducing conveying process unnecessary waste. (2) transportation conditions. The location of logistics distribution center should be close to the transportation hub, and to form the logistics distribution center in the process of a proper nodes. In the conditional, distribution center should be as close to the railway station, port and highway. (3) land conditions. Logistics distribution center covers an area of land in increasingly expensive problem today is more and more important. Is the use of the existing land or land again? Land price? Whether to
文献出处：Fransoo J C. Green Logistics: Enablers for Sustainable Development [J]. Supply chain management: an international journal, 2014, 8(2): 122-131. 原文 GREEN LOGISTICS: ENABLERS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Jan C. Fransoo Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands 1 INTRODUCTION Logistics is the backbone of industry and commerce. As a discipline, it describes the management and coordination of activities along supply chains. These activities include freight transport, storage, inventory management, materials handling and related information processing. A large part of logistics activities are often outsourced to specialized providers that provide cost- effective services. Research has shown that, at least in high income economies, the value of services is not assessed in monetary and service quality terms alone. In making decisions, logistics professionals are increasingly taking into consideration external effects such as emissions, pollution, noise, and accidents. The last LPI report release in 2012, for instance, pointed out that in shipments to OECD countries, environmentally friendly solutions are considered far more often than elsewhere. Mounting regulatory pressure, together with changes in customer preferences, are the main drivers of this phenomenon. One of the more widely used terms to describe this set of preferences is green Logistics, especially when the activities of logistics service providers are concerned. Research, including a recent book by Alan McKinnon, has established that green Logistics is an emerging concern of private operators and providers and users of logistics. From a policy standpoint, and especially for the global environment, green Logistics is potentially a major topic as well: estimates vary, but about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) can be traced to logistics activities. Green Logistics may not be an independent policy area. Rather, the supply chain
物流英文文献翻译英语论文 物流英文文献翻译及物流论文参考文献[1] 崔介何.物流学概论[M].北京〆北京大学出版社，2004年〆1-2. [2] 叶怀珍.现代物流学[M].北京〆高等教育出版社，2003〆49-56. [3] 许建帄.对培育广州物流市场的再思考[EB/OL]. [4] 深圳新闻网.“入仓即予退税”新政策助推物流发展[EB/OL]. [5] 吴德群.“入仓退税”适应国际采购商全球配送[N].深圳特区报，2006-01-23. [6] 广东禾田物流有限公司网.广东禾田物流有限公司简介[EB/OL]. [7] 快递公司网.广州物流市场[8] 来源.十一月回顾〆物流篇（三）[EB/OL]. [9] 徐晓阳,饶欠林. 深圳盐田港出口监管仓的现状与发[DB/OL].，2002. [10] 中华人民共和国国务院公报,中华人民共和国海关总署令——中华人民共和国海关对出口监管仓库及所存货物的管理办法[DB/OL]. [11] 公共商务信息导报，海关对出口监管仓库及所存货物的管理办法[DB/OL]. 2005-12-06. [12] Wei Liu,Wenshun Li,Wendy Huang.Analysis of the dynamic relation between logistics development and GDP growth in China[DB/OL]. http:// 毕业论文[13] Deng Mingran,Wang Hua. A government guarantee system of logistics development in China[DB/OL].,2006. [14] Goh,M,Ling,C. Logistics development in China[DB/OL]. ,2003. [15] Chen Siyun, The developing trend and countermeasures of Yantian port logistics[DB/OL]. 研究物流业及中国物流技术摘要为了进一步推进同中国发展物流业,作者基于中国物流业的现状,肯定其在中国工业发展过程中所取得的成就。通过学习物流产业的各方面,包括了解物流产业，标准术语,物流技术和管理知识,剖析主要的问题存在于中国当前的物流业,并提出合理化建议。关键词〆物流，发展，问题，方法1 前言现代物流工业是现代最受欢迎的行业。自从20世纪80年代早期物流概念从海外引入，物流业得到了迅猛的发展。目前,我国已有相当多的物流园区及中心, 发展了一系列现代物流技术和取得了一大批自主知识产权的创新成果。研制开发了具有自主知识产权的集成化物流管理系统（LOG++/SMCS），成功实现了与著名ERP系统（SAP R/3）的实时连接。改变了我国传统物流系统性能单一、集成度低的现状，标志着我国物流软件系统与国际现代物流管理系统的接轨。研究开发了新型结构快速堆垛机。其运行速度0～150m/min，起升速度0～40m/min，货叉速度0～20/40m/min々水帄方向采用激光测距技术，测距误差±1mm（500m以内），定位精度达到±3mm々垂直方向采用旋转编码器加齿形带技术，定位精度达到±3mm。进行了结构研究和动态性能分析，增加了设备的稳定性和可靠性々成功地将激光认址和旋转编码器、齿形带测距等新型检测技术整合到一起，运用于认址，从根本上改变了传统的认址方式，并采用冗余控制技术和故障自诊断技术等大大提高系统的效率与可靠性々新型货叉结构、带尺寸检测与条形码检测的新型载货台等10多项新技术，促进了物流关键设备的技术进步，大大缩短我国物流关键设备与国际先进水帄的差距。在2003年，国内外首创开发了具有国际先进水帄的推挽式激光导引AGV小车（专利产品）々攻克了路径规划、反射板布置、精确定位等难题，使小车能在卷接包机组内安全、灵活地行走和定位，实现完全自动化运送。2003年设计应用具有国际先进水帄的视觉识别移动式机器人自动辅料搭配系统。红河卷烟厂自动化物流系统和联想电脑公司集成化物流系统的成功开发与应用，填补了多项国内空白，创新出一批具有国际先进水帄的系统和设备，大大缩小我国物流系统关键设备及主要技术指标与先进国家的差距，在行业中产生了广泛影响。经过多年研究和探索，太原钢运储存公司通过与科研机构的合作，成功地发展出由电脑计划设计的自动化的仓储打包系统，同样也是处于世界领先水帄。由于受到政府的大力指出与重视，中国的现代物流业正以前所未有的速度发展。但是，还是值得指出的是，中国的物流业整体还是处在初级阶段。中国在2000 年的国内生产总值是8.94×1000亿元，其中流通领域总占比重仅仅百分之8.1 这比发达国家如英美日要低许多。2000年，沃尔玛，世界零售巨头的销售总额达193.3亿美元，占中国年零售业总额的46%。从上面可以看出，沃尔玛的销售额以每年20—30亿美元的速度增长。在国内的零售业领先的上海联合利华仅仅XX 人民
文献出处：Croxton K.LThe research of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution modefJ]. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 2017, 1(2): 13-24. 原文 The research of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution mode Croxton K L Abstract With the development of electronic commerce enterprise, from the Internet shopping has been gradually deep into the people’s life, so that people want to buy on the Internet to be assured that there is an increasing demand or iresh agricultural products. This rare agricultural socialization trend of consumption also offers fresh electronic commerce development opportunities, but now is the actual situation of fresh electronic commerce development is not very optimistic. For fresh food e-commerce，due to the particularity of fresh products, it requires the logistics distribution can be according to the requirements of the customer at the right time to provide enough fresh products，it is for the logistics service quality and time put forward higher requirements，delivery is not yet mature，distribution costs are high，low efficiency and service level is often difficult to guarantee，fresh products logistics distribution is a bottlenecK in the development of them. Keywords: fresh food e-commerce，distribution pattern，cold chain logistics, and risk control 1 Introduction Farmers1markets and supermarkets is the traditional channels of city residents to buy fresh agricultural products, but with the development of social economy speed boost, the rhythm of people’s life in the city than ever also had obvious increase，’’workers?’ due to the limitation of working hours, often the problem is there are very few time at a farmers’ market or supermarket to buy fresh prod uce，even after work at farmers’ markets or supermarkets to buy the fresh agricultural products, can buy goods is not fresh. With the development of electronic commerce enterprise, from the Internet shopping has been gradually deep into the people's life, so that people want to buy on the Internet to be assured that there is an increasing demand of fresh agricultural products，especially for "workers' this is more urgent demand.B2C，C2C e-commerce business now more concentrated in the electronic products, clothing and completely processed food, for the present stage of basic logistics service can satisfy the requirements of web site with the customer.
1. The Definition of Logistics After completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer of goods from the supplier( seller) to the customer( buyer) in the most cost-effective manner. This is the definition of logistics. During the transfer process, hardware such as logistics facilities and equipment( logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. In addition, supports from the government and logistics association should be in place. Three major functions of logistics (1) Creating time value: same goods can be valued different at different times. Goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of logistics. It creates the time value for goods. (2) Creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at different locations. The value added during the transfer process is the location value of logistics. (3) Distribution processing value: sometimes logistics create distribution processing value, which changes the length, thickness and packages of the goods. Like popular saying, “ cutting into smaller parts” is the most commonly seen distribution processing within logistics create added value for goods. 2. Logistics is a new commercial area, developing from the traditional stage to a modern one. The main differences between these two stage include:
物流市场调研外文参考文献原文及译文综合报告 题目 __ 研究物流业及中国物流技术_____ 二级学院 专业 班级 学号 学生姓名 电话号码 时间2012-04-5
原文： Studies on Logistics and Logistics Technology of China Luo Yixin (Department of Industry and Commerce Management, Human College of Finance and Economics, Human Chansha 410205) Received 15 July 2004 Abstract For further pushin g ahead with the development of China’s logistics industry，the author，based on the status quo of China's logistics industry，alfirms the achievements made in the development course of the industry of China．By studying various respects of the industry including the understanding of logistics，standards of technical terms，logistics technologies and management，the author analyzes the major problems existence in China’s current logistics industry and puts forward the rationalization proposal．Key words：logistics；development；problem；measure 1 Preface Modem logistics industry is currently one of the most popular trades．Since China introduced the concept of logistics from abroad in early 1980s，logistics industry has been developed rapidly．At present，our country already has quite a lot of logistics parks and centers，develops a series of modem logistics technologies and obtains a large number of innovation accomplishments bearing self-determination intelectual property rights．Among those are typical ones such as the development of integration logistics management system with self-determination intelectual property rights (LOG + +／SMCS) in 2003.The real—time connection with famous ERP system (SAPR／3)has been realized，the system radically changes the unicity and low int egrity level of China’s traditional logistics and thus symbolizes that domestic logistics software has been in line with international noFIns for modern logistics management system．Another example is the new structural—type quick stacker that has the operation speed of0—150 m／rain．1ifting speed of 0—40 m／min and forking speed of 0 —20／40 m／rain, bearing self-determination intellectual property rights developed in the same year．Laser ranging technology is applied to the system in horizontal direction．resulting that the distance—measuring error is ±1 mm within 500 meters and positioning accuracy is ±3 mm．For the vertical direction．due to the application of rotary encoder plus tooth—be technique，positioning accuracy reaches ± 3 mm．In this way．the system successfully integrates a variety of new—type detecting technologies involving laser location，rotary encoder and toth—belt eranging．integration has been utilized for positioning and then radically altered traditional positioning method ．Besides，the adoption of redundancy and trouble shooting technique dramatically increases the system's efficiency and reliability．The adoption of over ten new techs consisting of new—type forking structure and loading platform with dimension detector and bar code sensor has promoted the technical advancement of key equipments used in logistics industry as well as greatly narrowed the gap between China and international advanced countries in terms okey equipments．In 2003。a patent product at world—leading place，the push—pull laser guiding AGV cart，ca／Be into market．Ever has never been a similar product both at home and abroad．is AGV cart．having conquered numbers of difficulties as path planning，reflecting board layout and pinpointing position，can travel an d locate its position safely and flexibly in rolling machine units．In other words，it realizes complete automation delivery ．In 2003，domestic enterprises designed and applied automatic supplementary—materials allocation system equipped with vision—identification movable robot．system was ran king at international leading stage．In year 2003,thanks to the successful