当前位置:文档之家› 高考英语必考知识点汇总及考点要求篇

高考英语必考知识点汇总及考点要求篇

高考英语必考知识点汇总及考点要求篇
高考英语必考知识点汇总及考点要求篇

高考英语必考语法知识点汇总

高考政策及题型解读:

上海卷采取3+3模式(语数英个150分+小三科各70分),英语有两次考试机会(春季考、夏季靠)择期中分数最高计入最终的高考成绩

听力30分(24题)、语音词汇20分(语法10题、词汇10题)、阅读理解45分(完形填空类15题、语篇阅读类15题、概括类1题)、翻译15分、写作25分

①相关概念

1.词性的英文缩写

在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。

缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词

v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词

vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词

modal v. modal verb 情态动词

aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词

adj.adjective 形容词

adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词

pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词

conj conjunction 连词

2.及物动词和不及物动词

实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。

The door opened.

(open后面没跟宾语,此时,open 是不及物动词。)

He opened the door.

(open后面有宾语the door, 此时,open是及物动词。)

注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。

有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义相同。

如:

The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,但词义不同。

如:

The man walked away. (walk不及物动词,意为“走”)

He walked the dog every day. ( walk 及物动词,“遛”)

She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词,“洗”)

The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词,“耐洗”)

英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物,可能与汉语不同。

He listens to the music every day. (listen为不及物动词,而汉语中“听”是及物动词。)

指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,及物动词填vt.,不及物填vi.。

考点1. The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. (vt)

考点2. She spoke at the meeting this morning. (vi)

考点3. Shall I begin at once?(vi)考点4. She began working as a teacher after she left school.

(vt)(vt)

3.实义动词、助动词与情态动词

实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。

实义动词

指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如:

He lives quite near. (live“住”,有明确的意义,单独作谓语,为实义动词。)

I like reading. (like “喜欢”,

意思明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词。)

I bought a pen yesterday. (bought

“买”,意义明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词。)助动词

助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此,助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独作谓语。

帮助构成时态的:

The boy is crying.(is 用来帮助构成现在进行时,和crying一起作谓语,是助动词。)

He has arrived. (has用来帮助构成现在完成时,和arrived一起作谓语,是助动词。)

I have been painting all day. (have been用来帮助构成现在完成进行时,和painting一起作谓语,都是助动词。)

帮助构成否定句和疑问句的:

Does he like English? (does帮助构成一般疑问句,没有具体意义,是助动词。) He does n’t have lunch at home. (does 只是帮助构成否定句,没有具体意义,是助动词。)

帮助构成被动语态的

Trees are planted in spring. (are帮助构成被动语态,没有具体意义,是助动词。)

The house has been pulled down. (has been帮助构成时态和语态,是助动词。) 帮助构成虚拟语气

If he had come yesterday, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.(had, have 帮助构成虚拟语气,是助动词,属于谓语的一部分。)

帮助构成倒装句的

So did he love his mother that he bought her many presents on her birthday.

(他如此爱他的母亲以至于他母亲生日那一天,他给她买了许多礼物。did只是帮助构成倒装句,没有具体意义,是助动词。)

帮助构成强调意义的

He did come yesterday. (他昨天确实来过。did起强调作用,没有具体意义,是助动词。)

因此可以看出,常见的助动词为do, be, have,它们为基本助动词。

一个词既可以作实义动词也可以作助

动词,具体是哪一种,主要看它们在

句中的功能。

He did his homework at seven o’clock.(did单独作谓语,意为“做”,是实义动词。)

Did he do his homework yesterday? (did 是助动词,帮助构成一般疑问句,do是实义动词,意为“做”,是实义动词。) He has had breakfast. (has是助动词,帮助构成现在完成时,had是实义动词,意为“吃”。has had一起构成了句子的谓语。)

情态动词

情态动词同助动词一样,不能单独作谓语,要和实义动词一起作谓语。因此,情态动词也称为情态助动词。情态动词同基本助动词的区别在于,基本助动词本身无意义,而情态动词有自己的意义。如:

He can swim across the river.(can 的词义为“能够”)

You must stay at home. (must词义为“必须”)

I might leave tomorrow.(might的词义为“或许”)

4.谓语和非谓语

在英语中,一个主谓结构中只能有一个谓语,再出现动词时,要变成非谓语形式,即:在前面加to构成动词不定式,或在后面加-ing构成动名词或现在分词,或在后面加-ed构成过去分词。也就是说,非谓语是指:动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。

先找出句中的谓语,然后改正句中的错误,并说明原因。

考点1. Getting up early is good for our health.

考点2. 早起有利于我们的身体健康。考点3. I want to go home now. 我现在想回家。

考点4. My favorite sport is playing football.

考点5. 我最喜爱的运动是踢足球。

考点6. There is a bird sings in the tree.

考点7. 有一只鸟正在树上唱歌。

考点8. The boy sits over there likes singing.

考点9. 坐在那边的那个男孩喜欢唱歌。

考点10. The house was built last year has been sold out.

考点11. 去年建的那座房子已经出售了。

考点12. The girls are singing over there are my classmates.

考点13. 在那边唱歌的那些女孩是我的同学。

在我们学习语法的过程中,我们可能会听说“复合宾语”、“动名词的复合结构”和“动词不定式的复合结构”。

实际上,这几个“复合”,都有“逻辑上的主谓关系”之意。如:

He invited us to come to the party. (us是宾语,to come to the party是宾语补足语;宾语和宾语补足语合在一起称为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语是逻辑上的主谓关系。)

It’s important for us to learn English well.

(it是形式主语,真正的主语是for us to learn English well。“us”是“to learn English well”的逻辑主语,二者构成了逻辑上的主谓关系。for somebody to do something是动词不定式的复合结构。) It’s very kind of you to help me.(of you to help me也是动词不定式的复合结构。与for somebody to do something的区别参看P. 错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。,you和to help me构成了逻辑上的主谓关系。)Tom’s coming late made our teacher angry.(Tom迟到使我们老师生气。coming是动名词,Tom’s coming late 是动名词的复合结构。Tom是coming late 的逻辑主语,二者是逻辑上的主谓关系。)

8.没有人称和数的变化

先看下列三组句中have、do和be的变化形式

I have a book

He has a book.

They have a book.

I enjoy watching TV.

You enjoy watching TV.

We enjoy watching TV.

He is sleeping.

I am sleeping.

They are sleeping.

“人称的变化”是指:谓语动词用什么形式,受前面主语是第几人称的影响。主语同为单数(表示一个人), be 在第一人称I后用am, 在you后用are, 在he后用is; do和have在一、二人称后用原形,在第三人称后用为does, has。

“数”是指“单数和复数”。“数的变化”是指谓语动词用什么形式,还受前面主语是单数还是复数的影响。如果主语是复数,be要用are的形式,do 和have用原形。如果主语是第三人称单数,be用is, do和have要用does 和has。

情态动词没有人称和数的变化。如:

He / I / We can swim.

②句子成分

英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。

1.划分句子成分时的常用符号

英语中划分句子成分的符号

主语在下面画直线

谓语在下面画曲线

宾语在下面画双横线

定语在下面画虚线?(一行点

使我们想到一排钉子,

“钉”谐音为“定语”的

“定”)

状语下面为短横线(短横线

使我们想到短木桩,木桩撞

(状)钟)

补语上一短横,下一短横(下

一短横好像是为了弥补上面

短横间的空隙)

同位语上下双曲线,(虽都有曲

折,上下位置基本相同

2.主语

主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。

可以作主语的词性或语法结构:

1.名词

2.代词

3.数词

4.名词化的形容词(如the rich)

5.不定式

6.动名词

7.主语从句等表示。

在下面句子的主语下面画横线,并说出由什么充当。

①D uring the 1990s, American country

music has become more and more popular.

②W e often speak English in class.

③O ne-third of the students in this

class are girls.

④T o swim in the river is a great

pleasure.

⑤S moking does harm to the health.

⑥T he rich should help the poor.

⑦W hen we are going to have an

English test has not been decided.

⑧I t is necessary to master a foreign

language.

⑨T hat he isn’t at home is not true.

改正下列句中的错误,并说明原因。(多看下)

That He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out.

That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill.

Beyond the mountains lie a small village.

Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot.

Play basketball is my favorite sport. Give up English is not an option.

3.谓语

谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下:

简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:

He practices running every

morning.

He reads newspapers every day.

复合谓语:

由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如:

You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.

My sister is crying over there.

I have been waiting for you all the time.

I would stay at home all day.

由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语,要和表语一起作谓语。如:

We are students.

Your idea sounds great.

4.表语

表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

画出下列句中的表语,并说明由什么充当。

a)Our teacher of English is an

American.

b)Is it yours?

c)The weather has turned cold.

d)The speech is exciting.

e)Three times seven is twenty

one.

f)His job is to teach English.

g)His hobby(爱好)is playing

football.

h)The machine must be under

repairs.

i)The truth is that he has never

been abroad.

5.宾语

宾语由名词性的词充当,表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构。

画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。They planted many trees yesterday. (How many dictionaries do you have?)

I have five.

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.

I wanted to buy a car.

I enjoy listening to popular music.

I think(that)he is fit for his office.

6.宾语补足语

英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说,在意思上,宾语相当于宾补的主语。

带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等)+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。

用下画线画出下列句中的宾语补足语,并指出是什么词充当,同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。

His father named him Dongming. They painted their boat white.

Let the fresh air in.

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.

We saw her entering the room.

We found everything in the lab in good order.

We will soon make our city what your city is now.

I want your homework done on time.

7.主补

对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的

句子在变成被动语态,宾语作主语时,原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。

He was elected monitor.

She was found singing in the next room.

He was advised to teach the lazy boy

a lesson.

8.定语(重点)

定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。

在英语中,许多情况下,定语是放在所修饰词后面的,这点与汉语习惯不同,也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。

a)副词用作定语一般要后置。

People there are very friendly.

(那儿的人们)

He didn’t like the man

downstairs. (楼下的那个人)

b)形容词短语作定语一般放在所修

饰词之后。

单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰

词之前,而形容词短语作定语一般放

在所修饰词之后。

The next man is a scientist.

The man next to me is a scientist.

(我旁边的那个人)

c)介词短语作定语时要后置。

The boy under the tree is Tom.

(树下的那个男孩)

The tallest boy in our class is

John.(我们班最高的那个男孩)

d)现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动

词不定式作定语常后置。

I have something to say. (直译:

我有要说的话)

The boy crying over there is my

classmate.(在那边哭的那个男孩)

The house built last year is

impressive.(去年建的那座房子)

口头翻译下列句子,用下画线标出定语部分,留意定语的位置,并说明定语是由什么词性或结构充当。

①T he letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.

②T he woman with a baby in her arms is

his mother.

③W e need a place twice larger than

this one.

④S he carried a basket full of eggs.

⑤I t’s a book worth no more than one

dollar.

⑥I t’s a city far from the coast.

⑦H e has money enough to buy a car.

⑧T he man downstairs was trying to

sleep.

⑨T here are lots of places of interest

needing repairing in our city.

⑩T igers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat.

?A boy calling himself John wanted to see you.

?H e picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home.

?T here are many clothes to be washed. ?M ost of the singers invited to the party were from America.

?T hen the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the

team.

用活形容词短语作后置定语(P. 错误!未定义书签。)

9.状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫作状语。

He writes carefully. He walks slowly.

(认真地写,慢慢地走,修饰动词用副词,作状语)

This material is environmentally friendly.

(修饰形容词用副词,作状语)

He runs very slowly.

(修饰副词slowly, 因此very是副词,作状语)

Unfortunately, he lost all of his money.

(修饰整个句子用副词,作状语)

几个并列状语的先后顺序:方式→地点→时间

一个句中有几个并列状语时,其顺序较灵活,但一般是:方式→地点→时间。如:

He worked hard at his lessons last year.

I found a lost pen outside our

school yesterday morning.

He was walking slowly outside the park at that moment.

频度副词often, always, usually, sometimes, never等在句中的位置

位于情态动词、系动词、助动词之后, 实义动词之前。

You can never tell what he will do. He is often late.

He is always helping others.

He often came late.

状语按意义分类

在句子成分中,主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补语都比较好辨认,如果这几个成分都不是,那很可能就是状语了。因此,状语的种类很多,可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。

指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。

I.How about meeting again at six? II.Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.

https://www.doczj.com/doc/c714225123.html,st night she didn’t go to the dance party because

IV. of the rain.

V.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.

VI.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.

VII.In order to catch up with the others, I must work

VIII. harder.

IX.To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very

X. interested in business.

XI.The boy needs a pen very much. XII.The boy really needs a pen.

10. He was so tired that he fell

asleep immediately.

11. She works very hard though she

is old.

12. I am taller than he is.

13. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.

14. On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.

15. Having to finish his homework,

the boy needs a

pen.

10.同位语

同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:

We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批“学生”)

It’s good to us students.

选择正确答案,并口头说出句中那个是同位语。

The young man, ______,works in the office.

A. me brother

B. my brother

C. my brothers

D. me

Our English teacher, ______, often helps us with study.

A. Mrs. Wang

B. Mrs. Wangs

C. Mrs. Wang’s.

D. of him

______, some railway workers, are busy repairing the train.

A. Them

B. He

C. They

D. Theirs

③简单句的五种基本结构

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型结构如下:

主语谓语

用符号表示为:

①SV(主+谓)

②SVO(主+谓+宾)

③SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

④SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

⑤SVP(主+系+表)

主语(subject)谓语(predicate)

宾语(object)定语(attribute)

状语 (adverbial) 补语

(complement)

表语(predicative)

基本句型一:SV(主+谓)

这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词,都不带宾语,但可以带状语。如: It is raining now. (SV)

We’ve worked for 5 hours. (SV) The meeting lasted half an hour. (SV)

Time flies. (SV)

分析下列句子成分,并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

1.D ark clouds hung overhead.

( )

2.G radually a smile appeared on her

face. ( )

3.H e is smiling all over his face.

( )

4.I did well in English. ( )

5.H e talked loudly in the classroom

yesterday. ( )

基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表)

系动词主要是be,但还有一些动词有些时候也可作系动词,有人称之为半系动词。

如何辨别系动词

有些动词既可作连系动词,又可以作实义动词。如何来辨别呢?有一个最简便的方法,即用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词,句子仍然成立就是连系动词;反之,不能替换的,就是行为动词。如:

①S he looks beautiful. (looks变为

is之后,她是美丽的,句意没有大的

变化,looks是系动词。)

②L ook at the picture.(look不能换

为be, look为实义动词。)

③H e felt the book with his right

hand.(feel是“摸”的意思,不能换

为was, 是实义动词。)

④T he silk feels soft.(这种丝绸摸

起来很柔软,feels换为is之后,句

意变化不大,因此是系动词。)

辨别下列斜体动词是系动词还是实义动词。

①The door stays open at night.

②He tasted the food, and the food

tasted delicious.

③The book still lies open on the

desk.

④What he said proved true.

⑤He can’t proved his theory(理

论).

常见的系动词

状态系动词

用来表示主语状态,只有be一词。如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。

持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。如:

He kept silent at the meeting. 他开会时保持沉默。

This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

The food stays fresh in the fridge. 食物在冰箱里仍然很新鲜。

The house stood empty for years.房子空了数年。

He lies awake in bed.他躺在床上,醒着。

表“像”系动词

用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look。如:

Something seems wrong. 好像出差错了。He appears young. 他看起来很年轻。

感官系动词

感官系动词主要有look“看起来”,feel “摸起来”, smell“闻起来”, sound “听起来”, taste“尝起来”。

This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.

这朵花闻起来很香。

变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样。变化系

动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。

He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。

He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。Eggs go bad easily in summer. 蛋夏天

容易变坏。

His face went red.他的脸变红了。

What he had dreamt of came true.

他的梦想实现了。

Still waters run deep.静水流深。

终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”,“变成”之意。如:

The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

His plan turned out a success.

他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止

性结果)

What he predicted turned out (to be) wrong.

他预言的结果是错的。

用下画线画出下列句中的系动词。

1.His advice proved right.

2.The shop stays open till 8

o’clock.

3.The machine went wrong.

4.All these efforts seem in vain.

5.These words sound reasonable.

6.The room soon became crowded.

7.The days are getting longer and

longer.

8.He fell ill yesterday.

9.Trees turn green in spring.

10.What you said sounds great.

系动词不能单独作谓语,要和表语一起作谓语

He is a student. (SVP)

Your idea sounds great. (SVP)

在一个英语单句中,一般情况要有谓语动词

要注意:介词短语和形容词不能单独作谓语,要和系动词一起作谓语。

改错:

①Our school very beautiful and we like it very much.

②Your book on the desk.

答案及解析:

Our school is very beautiful and we like it very much. (句中没有谓语动词)

Your book is on the desk.(句中没有谓语动词)

基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

此结构是由“主语+及物动词(词组)+宾语”构成。如:

She likes English.

We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.

用下画线画出下列句中的宾语。

练习1. People all over the world speak English.

练习2. Jim cannot dress himself.

练习3. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.

练习4. He did not know what to say. 练习5. He just wanted to stay at home.

练习6. He practices speaking English every day.

基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give“给”,pass“递”,bring“带”,show“显示”。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。

如:He gave me a cup of tea. (SVoO)

强调间接宾语顺序为:

动词 + 直接宾语 + 介词 + 间接宾语。如:

Show this house to Mr. Smith.

若直接宾语为人称代词:动词 + 代词直接宾语 + 介词 + 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me, please. (不能说Bring me it, please.)

常跟双宾语的及物动词有:

(需借助to的)allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。(需借助for 的) buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。

一般用to多些,用for的记住常用的

三个就行:get, buy, make。

He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary.

= He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me.

She bought John a book. = She bought a book for John.

分析下列句子成分,口头说出间接宾语和直接宾语。

She ordered herself a new dress. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.

He brought you a dictionary.

He denies her nothing.

I showed him my pictures.

I gave my car a wash.

I told him that the bus was late. He showed me how to run the machine.

基本句型五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

此句型的句子特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。

宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语做出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。

The war made him a soldier.(SV

,构成逻辑上的主谓关系)

New methods make the job easy. (SVOC)

I often find him at work. (SVOC)

The teacher asked the students to I saw a cat running across the road.

分析下列句子并划分成分,在后面的括号内标明是什么充当句子的宾语补足语。

1. They appointed him manager.

()

2. They painted the door green.

()

3. He pushed the door open.

()

4. They found the house deserted.

()

5. What makes him think so?

()

6. We saw him out. ()

7. He asked me to come back soon.

()

8. I saw them getting on the bus.

()

9. We all think it a pity that she

didn’t come here. ()

10. I’ll have my bike repaired.

()

11. We elected him monitor.

()

12. Don’t keep the lights burning.

()

there be 句型

此句型是由“there + be + 主语 + 状语”构成,用以表达“存在有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词 be 之后,there 仅为引导词(也有看作形式主语的),并无实际意义。

be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致,有时态和数的变化。

现在时?? there is / are …???

过去时?? there was / were…

将来时?? there will be…/there is

/ are going to be...

完成时? there has / have been…

可能有? there might be...??

肯定有? there must be …/ there

must have been...

过去曾经有? there used to be …?

似乎有? there seem / seems / seemed

to be …

碰巧有? there happen / happens /

happened to be …

可用 live, stand, come, go, lie,

remain, exist, arrive等词代替be

动词。

此时还表示存在有,但表意要更具体一些。如:

There lived an old man at the foot

of the mountain.

There came a shout for “help”.

There exists no air on the moon.

There lies a book on the desk.

There stands a tree on the hill. ______ a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of the work.

A. It existed

B. There existed

C. They had

D. There had

______ a beautiful palace ______ the foot of the hill.

A. There stand; at

B. There stands; under

C. Stands there; under

D. There stands; at

答案:B, D

there be 与have 的区别

there be …“某地有某物,某时有某事”;have 表示“某人拥有某物”。

改错:

There has a book on the desk. There will have a meeting this evening.

答案:①把has改为is; ②把have

改为be。

提示:没有there have这种表示

“有”的方法。双重谓语(仅供了解)

典型例句:

He left this morning very gay. She left a shy girl and returned a young mother.

分析:双重谓语的基本形式是:行为动

词+表语,后面的名词或形容词说明主

语从事该行为时所处的状态。用作双

重谓语的动词多为那些表示位置移动

变化的行为动词。如:return,leave,go,come,arrive,start等。

句①意为:上午离开时,他很开心。

句②意为:她离开时还是一个害羞的

女孩,回来时却是一位年轻的母亲。

④简单句、并列句和复合句

句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

简单句

只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。如:

He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. (画线部分为并列谓语,只有一个主语,仍为简单句。)

并列句

由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。要注意, 逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同。如:You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous.

前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。

The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.

He not only stole my money, but he also took my watch away.

表示选择,常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherw ise等。

Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.表示转折,常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。

He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.

表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。

August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.

复合句

复合句含有两个或两个以上主谓

结构,其中一个主谓结构作另一个的成分。(而并列句的两个主谓结构间是并

列关系,而不是从属关系。)

当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句

子时,整个句子就成为复合句了。

I.It is wrong. (只有一个主谓结

构,是简单句。)

II.What he said is wrong.

III.(what he said,是一个主谓结构,

he为主语,said为谓语,what是宾

语。What he said is wrong. 是另外

一个主谓结构,What he said作主语,

是主语从句;is wrong系表结构作谓

语。因此,本句是复合句。)

IV.The boy over there is my brother.

(只有一个主谓结构,是简单句。)V.The boy who is wearing a hat is

my brother.

VI.(The boy over there is my

brother.只有一个主谓结构,是简单

句。当over there变为who is

wearing a hat时(也是一个主谓结

构),整个句子就变成了复合句,who

is wearing a hat是定语从句。)VII.I was doing my homework at six.

(只有一个主谓结构,是简单句。)VIII.I was doing my homework when

he came in.

IX.(I was doing my homework是一

个主谓结构,he came in也是一个主

谓结构。后面一个主谓结构作前一个

的时间状语,是时间状语从句。因此

本句是复合句。)

从上面这几个句子,我们可以看出:一个句子如果含有从句,如名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等,这个句子就是复合句。

复合句的从句和主句之间要用连接词连接。

在上面句1中,what是连接词;在句

2中,关系代词who就是连接词;在

句3中,when起连接作用。

判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。

We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.

The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.

There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?

My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.

He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.

Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.

What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?

The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.

Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.

Right now it is the summer vacation and I’m helping my Dad on the farm.

It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.

Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors.

We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.

Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him.

引导的是什么从句,不仅要根据连词,还要根据句子结构和句意来判别

说出下列复合句中,where引导的是什么从句。

You can find it where you left it.()

Tell me the address where he lives.()

I don’t know where he comes from.()

Where he was born is not known yet.()

This place is where they once lived.()

一个句子有两个主谓结构时,要考虑它们之间的连接问题

一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构,那它就不是简单句了,要么是并列句,要么是复合句。这时我们就要考虑连接词的问题。直接用逗号连接的两个简单句是错误的。这时,我们有四种方法来改正这个错句:

改为并列句:我们可以使用and, so, but 等并列连词来把它们连接起来。

改为复合句:加上从属连词,把其中的一个分句改为状语从句、定语从句或名词性从句。改为简单句:把其中的一个主谓结构的谓语破坏掉,从而使其变成独立主格结构。

改标点:把逗号改为分号(根据句意有时也可用冒号、破折号等)。

I like English, my English is very good. ×

I like English and my English is very good. √(并列句)As I like English, my English is very good. √(含有原因状语从句的复合句)

I like English; my English is good. √(用分号)

I liking English, my English is very good. √ (把一个分句改为独立主格结构)

I have a house, its windows are very big. ×

I have a house and its windows are very big. √ (并列句) I have a house, whose windows are very big. √ (含有定语从句的复合句)

I have a house; it s windows are big. √ (用分号)

I have a house, its windows very big. √ (后面为独立主格结构)

利用英语句子结构规律做下列各题。

【2015徐汇区】Five people won the “China’s green figure” award, a title ______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.

A. is given

B. was given

C. being given

D. given

All the preparations for the task ______, and we’re ready to start.

A. completed

B. complete

C. had been completed

D. have been completed

【2006杨浦区】I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ______ Chinese in the school, most ______ were from Germany.?

A. study; of whom

B. study; of them???

C. studying; of them

D. studying; of? whom??

【2013徐汇区】Everywhere you can see people in their holiday dress, ______ with smiles.

A. their faces are shining

B. whose faces shining

C. their faces shining

D. faces shining whose

【2016浦东】Many students ______ around, I explained the story into details.

A. stood

B. standing

C. to stand

D. were standing 【2013闵行区】I have five friends, some of ______ are businessmen.

A. that

B. whom

C. they

D. them

【2014普陀区】I have five friends, but none of ______ are business- men.

A. that

B. whom

C. they

D. them

【2013上海】________ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.

A. To look

B. Looking

C. Having looked

D. Look

答案:

a)句子结构及成分

相关概念

指出下列句中画线动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,及物动词填vt.,不及物填vi.。

1.vi.

2. vt.

3. vi.

4. vi.

5. vt.

6. vi.

7. vi.

8. vt.;vt.

9. vt. 10. vi.

指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词。

1. 助动词实义动词

2. 助动词实义动词

3. 助动词实义动词

4. 实义动词

5. 助动词实义动词

6. 助动词助动词实义动词

7. 助动词助动词实义动词

8. 助动词实义动词

先找出句中的谓语,然后改正句中的错误,并说明原因。

is是系动词,属于谓语部分;get up early在句中作主语,要用成非谓语形式;

作主语一般用动名词,因此把get变为动名词getting。

want在句中作谓语;go home作宾语,而want后面常跟不定式作宾语,因此在go前面加to。

is是系动词,后面跟表语,把play变为playing构成动名词来作表语。

is为谓语动词,sings in the tree实际上是作bird的定语,bird和sing构成主动关系,用现在分词作定语,因此,把sings改为现在分词singing。

likes是谓语动词,“坐在那边”作后置定语,“男孩”和“坐”构成主动关系,因此用现在分词作定语,把sits改为sitting。

谓语为has been sold out;“去年建的”作“The house”的定语,两者构成被动关系,用过去分词作后置定语,因此,把was去掉。

are是句中的谓语部分,“singing over there”作the girls的后置定语,去掉are。

wanted是谓语;work hard作wanted的宾语补足语,want后面通常跟不定式作宾补,因此在work前面加to。

remember是谓语;remember用在“记得以前曾经发生的事”时,后面通常跟动名词作宾语,因此,把saw改为seeing。

10. saw是谓语,“走进那座建筑”是作saw的宾语补足语;看到某人做了某

事,常用see somebody do something, 因此,把walked改为walk。

2020年高考:英语知识点高频必考归纳

2020年高考:英语知识点高频必考归纳 1.able 用法:be able to do Note: 反义词unable表示不能,而disabled表示残疾的。 be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。 2.abroad 用法:表示到(在)国外,是一个副词,前面不加介词。 Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。 3.admit 用法:表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。 Note: 表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。 4.advise 用法:advise sb. to do; advise doing Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即:advise that sb. (should) do的形式。 5.afford 用法:通常与动词不定式搭配使用。 Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。 6.after 用法:表示在时间、空间之后;be after表示追寻。 Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点,而in接一个时间段,如:after 3 o’clock; in 3 days. 7.agree 用法:与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。 Note: agree on表示达成一致;agree to表示批准;agree with表示同意某人说的话。 8.alive 用法:表语性形容词,在句中只能作表语,不能作定语。 Note: 可以作状语使用,表示活活地,如:bury sb. alive. 9.allow 用法:allow doing; allow sb. to do Note: 可以表示允许进入,如:Please allow me in. 10.among 用法:用在三者或三者以上的群体中。 Note: 还可以表示其中之一,如:He is among the best. 11.and 用法:用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。 Note: 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如:Work hard, and you’ll succeed sooner or later. 12.another 用法:表示又一个,泛指,相当于one more的含义。 Note: 不能直接加复数名词,需要与一个数词搭配,如:another 2 weeks. 13.answer 用法:及物动词,但在作名词时要与介词to搭配。 Note: 可以表示接电话、应门等。如:answer the phone/door. 14.anxious 用法:be anxious for/about/to do Note: be anxious about表示担心;be anxious for表示盼望得到。 15.appear 用法:不及物动词,没有宾语,没有被动语态。 Note: 还可以作为系动词,与seem同义,表示看起来……。 16.arrive 用法:arrive at表示到一个小地方;arrive in表示到一个大地方。 Note: 引申含义表示得出,如:arrive at a decision/conclusion. 17.ask 用法:ask to do; ask sb. to do; ask for Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即:ask that sb. (should) do的形式。 18.asleep 用法:表语性形容词,在句中只能作表语,不能作定语。 Note: 通常与动词be及fall搭配;sound asleep表示熟睡。 19.attend 用法:表示参加,后面经常加上meeting, lecture, conference, class, school, wedding, funeral等词;也可以表示照顾,照料。 Note: attend to可以表示处理、照料等。 20.attention 用法:pay attention to; draw/catch sb’s attention Note: 写通知时的常用语:May I have your attention, please?

高考英语语法知识点总结

专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略) who 指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 (1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 (2)as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。 Which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。 注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词,相当于who/that…not 例:In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what,关系代词用that。

高考英语单词必考知识点总结归纳

2018年高考英语单词必考知识点总结归纳 一、一个星期七天 1. Monday 2. Tuesday 3. Wednesday 4. Thursday 5. Friday 6. Saturday 7. Sunday 二、一年十二个月 1. January 2. February 3. March 4. April 5. May 6. June 7. July 8. August 9. September 10. October 11. November 12. December 三、一年四季 1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter 四、容易拼写错的数字 1. eighth第八 2. ninth第九 3. forty四十 4. twelfth第十二 5. twentieth第二十 四、亲属称呼 1. daughter (女儿) 2. niece (女性晚辈) 3. nephew (男性晚辈) 4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹) 5. aunt (女性长辈) 6. uncle (男性长辈) 五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母

1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制 3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现 5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提到 7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记 8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许 9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备 注意:quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写(英国英语)也可不双写(美国英语) 六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词 1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播 2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑 3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止 4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅 5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰 6. hang (作“绞死”讲,是规则的;作“悬挂”讲,其过去式过去分词都是hung) 7. lie (作“说谎”讲时,是规则的;作“位于”讲时,其过去式是lay,过去分词是lain) 8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求 9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖 10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌

高考英语知识点考点全归纳

高考英语知识串讲 第1讲 一、Language Points 1. share v. 分享、合用:share sth with sb n. 一份,股份 spare a. 业余的,备用的:spare time, a spare tire v. 抽出,匀给:spare me five minutes/ spare one of sandwiches for the boy spare no efforts:不遗余力 spare no expense:不惜工本 save v. 节省,救出 2. He felt lucky to have survived the war. 3. with sb about/over sth:和某人就某事争论 argue for/against sth:赞成/反对… Sb into/out of (doing) sth:说服某人做/不做某事 4. have/make/let/see/watch/listen to +宾+宾补(do/doing/done) get sb to do sth have+宾+宾补(to do/to be done) 5. So+同一主语+助动词 So/neither/nor+助动词+另一主语 So it is/was with+另一主语 6. should/ought to/need/could/might/would+do/have done 7. except/but/except for/except that/except wh-clause besides/in addition apart from but for=without 8. The first time+从句 For the first time:作时间状语 It’s the first time+that-clause(完成时) the first+名词+to do 9. most most of the +n.(pl)/pron. the majority of (the) mostly: 主要地(状) 10. be equal to sth:与…相等 be equal to (doing) sth:胜任(做)某事 equal sth:与…相等 equal sb in sth:在…方面与某人匹敌 11. compar e…to/with… compared to/wit h… 12. a great many several/two dozen/hundred +n.(pl.) (many) dozens of a great many of +the/these/those+n.(pl.) seveal/two dozen of +pron. 13. much too+adj/adv(原级) too much+n.(u.) too many+n.(pl.) 14. 没有被动态 come about(主要用于疑问句、否定句) happen(表示偶然、碰巧之意) sth+ take place(多表示有组织、有计划) break out(指战争、灾害、疾病等的爆发) occur(与happen通用) It occurs to sb that/to d o…:某人突然想起…

高中英语知识点总结

高中英语知识点总结 1.able 用法:be able to do Note: 反义词unable表示不能,而disabled表示残疾的。 be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。 2.abroad 用法:表示到(在)国外,是一个副词,前面不加介词。 Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。 3.admit 用法:表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。 Note: 表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。 4.advise 用法:advise sb. to do; advise doing Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即:advise that sb. (should) do的形式。 5.afford 用法:通常与动词不定式搭配使用。 Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。 6.after 用法:表示在时间、空间之后;be after表示追寻。 Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点,而in接一个时间段,如:after 3 o’clock; in 3 days. 7.agree 用法:与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。 Note: agree on表示达成一致;agree to表示批准;agree with表示同意某人说的话。 8.alive 用法:表语性形容词,在句中只能作表语,不能作定语。 Note: 可以作状语使用,表示活活地,如:bury sb. alive. 9.allow 用法:allow doing; allow sb. to do Note: 可以表示允许进入,如:Please allow me in. 10.among 用法:用在三者或三者以上的群体中。 Note: 还可以表示其中之一,如:He is among the best. 11.and 用法:用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。

高考英语必背完形词汇+知识点

高考英语完形填空专题 解题技巧与方法指导 一、利用首句来解题,根据全文来选择 首句一般不设空。因此我们应重视首句,并利用首句预测短文的问 题和全文内容。 1. I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was and when I was 14 he said, “You’re never going to be anything but a failure. A. bright B. useless C. simple D. hopeful 2. Dorothy Brown was very happy as she sat in the theatre listening to the music. Today her little daughter Lauren was giving her first concert. She had been waiting for this moment for years and years. “Now it is here last,” she thought. “How beautiful her ___1___ is.” The song made her go back to the days when she was Lauren’s age As a young girl, Dorothy wanted to be a concert singer. She studied ___2___ in France, Italy and in the United States. “You can become a her teachers told her. “But y ou must be fine ___3___ in the future,”  prepared to study hard and work for many years. 1. A. voice B. face C. dress D. life 2. A. French B. music C. piano D. dance 3. A. actress B. student C. singer D. dancer 二、根据上下文语境,合理推断来解题 1. Our father was a struggling lawyer, but I always knew he was . He

高考英语重点知识点大全

高考英语重点知识点大全 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较。 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。 例如: It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构。 (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that …事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is +形容词+从句

It is natural that…很自然… It is strange that…奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that…似乎… It happened that…碰巧… (4) it +过去分词+从句 It is reported that…据报道… It has been proved that…已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况。 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said ,(reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如: It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…,It occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如: It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) (4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。

高中英语知识点总结版

高中英语知识点总结版集团文件发布号:(9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-

【2018高考】英语超重点学习营 课前资料 目录: 一、重点单词 二、重点词组 三、高级词汇 四、词组固定搭配 五、高级句型结构 六、过去完成时概念 七、阅读理解解题指导 一、重点单词 1.able 用法:be able to do Note: 反义词unable表示不能,而disabled表示残疾的。 be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。 2.abroad 用法:表示到(在)国外,是一个副词,前面不加介词。 Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。 3.admit 用法:表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。Note: 表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。 4.advise 用法:advise sb. to do; advise doing Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即:advise that sb. (should) do的形式。 5.afford 用法:通常与动词不定式搭配使用。 Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。 6.after 用法:表示在时间、空间之后;be after表示追寻。

Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点,而in接一个时间段,如:after 3 o’clock; in 3 days. 7.agree 用法:与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。 Note: agree on表示达成一致;agree to 表示批准;agree with表示同意某人说的话。 8.alive 用法:表语性形容词,在句中只能作表语,不能作定语。 Note: 可以作状语使用,表示活活地,如:bury sb. alive. 9.allow 用法:allow doing; allow sb. to do Note: 可以表示允许进入,如:Please allow me in. 10.among 用法:用在三者或三者以上的群体中。 Note: 还可以表示其中之一,如:He is among the best. 11.and 用法:用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。Note: 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如:Work hard, and you’ll succeed sooner or later. 12.another 用法:表示又一个,泛指,相当于one more的含义。 Note: 不能直接加复数名词,需要与一个数词搭配,如:another 2 weeks. 13.answer 用法:及物动词,但在作名词时要与介词to搭配。 Note: 可以表示接电话、应门等。如:answer the phone/door. 14.anxious 用法:be anxious for/about/to do Note: be anxious about表示担心;be anxious for表示盼望得到。 15.appear 用法:不及物动词,没有宾语,没有被动语态。 Note: 还可以作为系动词,与seem同义,表示看起来……。 16.arrive 用法:arrive at表示到一个小地方;arrive in表示到一个大地方。Note: 引申含义表示得出,如:arrive at a decision/conclusion.

高考英语考点总结精选

高考英语考点总结 1. To one’s+ 情感名词 Eg: To my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. 令我吃惊的是,他在之前的那份工作中也干的不错. ( To one’s surprise 是固定搭配) 用于该结构的名词常见的有admiration (羡慕), amazement (惊奇), amusement (娱 乐), annoyance (烦恼), astonishment (惊奇), delight (欣喜), despair(绝望), disappointment(失望), embarrassment(难堪), happiness(幸福), horror (恐怖), joy (高兴), puzzlement (疑 惑), regret (遗憾), relief (如释重负), satisfaction (满意), shame (羞愧), sorrow (悲伤), surprise (惊讶)等? 2.beside/besides beside是一个介词,表示在...的旁边,相当于by:而besides是一个副词,也可作介词,表示除了...还有... Eg: Don’t stand beside me. 不要站我旁边 I am outgoing. Besides, I am helpful. 我很外向.此外,我还乐于助人. besides和except的区别 都可解作“除……之外” 但含义不同. except 表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去,即从整体中除去一部分”,表示递减的概念,含义是否定的. besides表示“除了……之外,还有……”,指“在整体中加入一部分”,表示递加的概念,含义是肯定的. 试比较: ①We all went except him. 除他之外,我们都去了.(他没有去) ②We all went besides him. 除他之外,我们大家也都去了.(他也去了) 3.See/ look/ watch See 看见了(强调看的结果) Did you see it?你看见了吗?

最新2020高考英语知识点整理

最新2020高考英语知识点整理 高考英语知识点:英语第一轮复习知识点 一、在复习词汇时,学生要学会自我总结 通过自我总结,学生主动取得了知识的精华,并转化为适合自己需要的东西。善于归纳中学教材中常用词汇的基本用法及相关知识点的异同,如:mean一词,可以表示"意思是"、"意味着",常用于mean something/doing something,而在"mean to do something"结构中,则是"计划"、"打算"之意。善于对有共同用法或特点的词汇进行归纳,形成相关的小知识链。如:suggest(建议),insist(坚持要求),demand(要求)、ask(请求)等后接的宾语从句中都要用虚拟语气。善于归纳近义词、同义词,如:在复习join的用法时,可以联系join in,take part in,join sb in归纳复习之后,要做对应练习。这样才能扩大词汇量,又可以提高实际运用英语能力。 二、句型复习应结合课本的例句进行 中学英语课本的句型很多,有强调句、祈使句、倒装句、省略句、反意疑问句、插入语等句型。这些都是高考的常考点。我们通过复习

课本的例句,总结归纳这些句型的特点、用法及它们的适用条件,既掌握英语的基本句型用法,又可以促进我们的英语谴词造句能力。 三、语法复习要考虑语境 通过语境来训练我们的语言使用能力。每一个语法项目的复习可分三个层次进行:复习要点、主要考点、精选练习。如果能做到这一点,定能做到学以致用。现在高考英语试题淡化了语法,但学好语法却是正确和规范运用英语的保证。因此,语法复习不可轻视。 四、重视交际用语复习 如今高考试题越来越重视考查学生的英语交际能力,而且中学英语教材的每一单元都有以交际功能贯穿的对话课。因此,学生在复习时,要注意对各单元的对话进行排列分类,整理归纳,总结出相关话题的典型句型,并设想具体语境,亲身实践,学会运用。如果交际用语复习和听力复习结合起来进行,效果更佳。 高考英语知识点:英语时态知识点大全 般现在时

高中英语语法总结(完整版;高中必看!)

高中英语语法总结(完整版;高中必看!) 专题一:定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略) who指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 (1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个

(2)as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。 Which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。 注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

人教版高中英语知识点总结

人教版必修一各单元知识点总结 Unit 12345One Friendship 一、重点短语 through 经历,经受 get through 通过;完成;接通电话 2. set down 记下,放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚,黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上 9. join in 参加(某个活动); take part in 参加(活动) join 加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员) 10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受 12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心 14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽 15. be good at/do well in 擅长于… 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是… 17. no longer / not …any longer 不再… 18. too much 太多(后接不可数n.) much too 太…(后接adj.) 19. not…until 直到…才 20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念:直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。 间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。例:Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”

高考英语常考必考六个语法知识点

高考英语常考必考六个语法知识点 高考英语常考必考六个语法知识点 1. 语态和时态 —do you see those people on the little sandy island? —yes, they _______ handkerchiefs for the last half hour. i wonder why. a. were waving b. waved c. had waved d. have been waving 【正确答案】d 【高考考点】考查动词时态。现在完成进行时:表示一个从过去某一时刻开始的动作,一直延续到说话时还在进行或刚结束,句中常出现用for, since,how long等引导的时间状语。 his telephone has been ringing for a long it hasbeen raining since last sunday. how long have you been wearing glasses? 【题干句意】“你有没有看见那些在小岛上的人?”“是的,我看见了。他们在过去的半小时里一直在挥手帕,我不知道为什么。” 【详细解析】这个挥手帕的动作是在半小时前开始的,然后一直在挥,一直挥到了说话的这个时候,所以我们用的是一个现在完成进行时,强调一个动作的持续。我们再来看

一下其他几个时态: a选项是were waving——过去进行时,它指的是:①过去某一时刻正在进行;②过去某一阶段正在进行;——过去时,过去某时间发生的且已完成的动作,所以我们知道a 和b这两个时态都是和过去有关,而和现在是没有一点关系的,所以a和b这两个答案错了。 c. had waved——过去完成时:过去某一时刻或某一动作前完成的动作或状态,那么它所表达的时候是在过去的过去,例如: by theend of last year, we had built 5 newschools.到去年年底为止,我们已经建造了5所学校。首先,过去的时间是去年年底;而句子表达的意思是在去年年底之前,所以我们用过去完成时——hadbuil d.和现在是更加没有联系了,所以这个答案也是不正确的。 题干中的时间状语是“for the last halfhour”,注意这个last不是指“最后的”,而是指“刚才的——在刚才的半个小时里”,那么往往呢句中出现last,或者是last halfhour、recent这种词的话,我们一般都会选择现在完成进行时,因为它指的是“刚才”,那么肯定指“从刚才到现在”。所以本题答案是d. 2. 名词性从句 the information could be helpful to ____will take over the job.

高考英语知识点总结(超全版)

高考英语复习知识点概要 1.a great/good many: a large number of许多。修饰可数名词复数。 I’m quite busy. I have a great many things to do. 我很忙,我有很多事要做。 若复数名词前有限定词或其修饰的为代词时,应加of . ①A great many of the books have been sold out. 已经卖了很多书了。 ②A great many of them are out of work.他们很多人失业了。 2.able(可以的,有能力的,可能的)①He is an able man.那人本事不小。 enable(v)使……能 ②We must learn more to enable us to face all the difficulties.我们要多学知识以便能面对各种困难。disable:有残疾的,不能干的;the disabled表示一类人(残疾人) able作词辍时 ①可以……的,值得……的(有被动含义)eatable可食用的,measurable可以测量、估计的;readable可读的 ②其他含义:conformable舒适的、安逸的;suitable 合适的,恰当的 3.above, over, on 三个词都可以表示“在……上“,但用法不同。On表示与某物体表面接触;over表示在某物体垂直的上方,含“布满、覆盖、跨越”之意,与under 相对;above表示位置高于,但不一定垂直,与below相对。注意:与数字、数量、长度词连用时,多用over,同more than。如:over10,000people一万多人;表示年龄、刻度多用above,如a man above fifty五十开外的人;above zero零度以上。 习惯用语:well above average远在一般以上;above sea-level海拔以上;the one above上面的一个;above all首先,尤其重要的是;over there 那边;all over 遍及;over again 再一遍;over and over 再三地 [应用]介词填空 ①There lay an umbrella_______the table and some raincoats _____it. ②The mother held an umbrella______the boy’s head so that the sun wouldn’t burn him. ③There seemed to be a war and many planes were flying____the city. ④The moon was______the trees in the east. Key:①on,under ②over ③over ④above above all 首先,特别是,最重要的是 after all 到底,毕竟 at all (用来加强语气)与not连用,表示“一点也不,完全不”。 in all 总共 all but 几乎,差点没(=almost,nearly) ①We have all but finished the work. ②The day turned out fine after all. ③Children need many things ,but above all they need love. ④He wasn’t at all tired. ⑤Do you feel ill at all(真的,确实)? ⑥There were twenty in all at the party. accident/event/ incident event一般指重大事件。accident多指意外或偶然发生的事故,特别是不幸的、有损害性的事故。incident相对于accident来说,显得不很重要,指“小事件”,它还可以用来表示“事变”,如叛乱、爆炸等。如: The broadcaster is broadcasting the news on current events.广播员正在播报时事新闻。 He was badly injured in the traffic accident.在那起交通事故中,他严重受伤。 There was an incident on the bus: a man fought with the conductor.那辆公共汽车上发生了一件事,有个人和售票员打了起来。 Have you heard of Xi’an Incident?你听说过“西安事变”吗? admit vt.①接纳,许可……进入(allow sb./sth.to enter) He was admitted to the school this year.Only two hundred boys and girls are admitted to our school every year. ②承认,后可接名词,doing、从句或复合结构。 I admit my fault. She admitted having read the letter. He admitted that his comprehension was weak. You must admit the task to be difficult. advice建议;劝告。是不可数名词,“一条建议”应用a piece of advice。常用结构。 give sb.advice(on)/give advice给某人提(关于……的)建议;忠告某人。 ask(sb.)for advice征求(某人的)意见。 ①Marx gave us some good advice on how to learn a

(完整版)高中英语知识点全面总结整理版

t 高中英语总结目录:一、重点单词二、重点词组三、高级词汇而介词。 Note:可以说fromabroad,表示 从国外回来。 3.admit 用法:表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。 的形5.afford 用法:通常与动词不 定式搭配使用。 Note:前面需要有beableto 或 can 等词。 6.after 用法:表示在时间、空

间之后;beafter表示追寻。Note:用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点,而in接一个时间段,如:after3o’clock;in3days. 7.agree用法:与介词 Pleaseallowmein. 10.among用法:用在三者或三 者以上的群体中。 Note:还可以表示其中之一,如: Heisamongthebest. 11.and用法:用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。Note:与祈使句搭配时往往可以 表示条件。如: 搭配。 beanxiousfor/about/todo Note:beanxiousabout表示担心;beanxiousfor表示盼望得到。15.appear用法:不及物动词,

没有宾语,没有被动语态。Note:还可以作为系动词,与seem同义,表示看起来……。 16.arrive用法:arriveat表示到一个小地方;arrivein表 配;soundasleep表示熟睡。 19.attend用法:表示参加,后 面经常加上meeting,lecture,conference,class,school,wedding,funera l等词;也可以表示照顾,照料。 Note:attendto可以表示处理、 照料等。 因此只有用它才可以回答why 的特殊疑问句及用在强调句中。 23.become用法:系动词,表示

高中英语必背知识点

高中英语必背知识点 高中英语必背知识点:同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如: 1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如: He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。 (2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加

以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如: 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语) 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分) 2017高中英语必背知识点:主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档