益阳市2020年普通初中毕业学业考试试卷
英语
考生注意：1．本学科试卷分试题卷和答题卡两部分；
2．请将姓名、准考证号等相关信息按要求填涂在答题卡上；
3．请按答题卡上的注意事项在答题卡上作答，答在试题卷上无效；
4．本学科为闭卷考试，考试时量为90分钟，卷面满分为120分；
5．考试结束后，请将试题卷和答题卡一并交回；
6．试卷中听力材料以中速朗读两遍；选择题中最佳选项只有一个，不选、多选、
错选、涂写不清楚，均不给分。
试 题 卷
I ．听力技能（三个部分，共20小题，计25分）
A ）听音选图（共5小题，计5分） 1
A ．
B ．
C ．
2
A ．
B ．
C ．
3
A ．
B ．
C ．
4
A ．
B ．
C ．
5 A ．
B ．
C ．
B ）对话理解（共10小题，计10分）
根据你所听到的对话以及针对该对话所提的问题，选出能回答该问题的最佳答案。
听下面一段对话，回答第6小题。
6．What does the woman want?
A ．Some fish.
B ．Some meat.
C ．Some vegetables. 听下面一段对话，回答第7小题。
姓名 准考证号
7．What did the woman think of the film?
A．Interesting. B．Moving. C．Boring.
听下面一段对话，回答第8小题。
8．When is Li Lei’s birthday?
A．June 18th. B．June 19th. C．June 20th.
听下面一段对话，回答第9小题。
9．Where are they probably talking?
A．In the classroom. B．On the street. C．In the park.
听下面一段对话，回答第10小题。
10．What is Lisa doing now?
A．Reading a book. B．Touching the picture. C．Drawing a picture.
听下面一段对话，回答第11-12小题。
11．How long has Joy been away?
A．Four or five days. B．Four or five weeks. C．Four or five
months.
12．How many times has the man been there?
A．Many times. B．Several times. C．Only once.
听下面一段对话，回答第13-15小题。
13．What is Jack doing for vacation?
A．Visiting the Great Wall. B．Doing chores at
home. C．Going bike riding.
14．Why does Lucy have to stay at home for a few days？
A．Because her parents both work.
B．Because her parents have no money.
C．Because she is tired.
15．Who is Lucy going with?
A．Her friends. B．Her cousins.
C．Her parents.
C）笔录要点（共5小题，计10分）
根据你所听到的内容，完成下面的表格。（每空不超过三个单词）
II．知识运用（两个部分，计25分）
A）选择填空（共15小题，计15分）
从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
21．—Have you seen ______ film Where Are We Going, Dad?
—Yes. It’s ______ interesting film.
A．a; the B．the; an C．a; an 22．—Which of the two subjects do you like, art or music?
—______. They are really interesting.
A．Neither B．Both C．None 23．The bank is ______ the bookstore and the post office.
A．at the front of B．among C．between 24．Write down the telephone number, ______ you’ll forget it.
A．or B．and C．so
25．Li Na is one of ______ tennis players in the world.
A．most famous B．the most famous C．more famous 26．We are too tired. Let’s stop ______ a rest.
A. to have B．have C．having
27．—Claudia, are you going to Mike’s birthday party on Sunday?
—Unless I ______ .
A．am invited B．invited C．was inviting
28．—It’s Father’s Day today, ______?
—Yes, let’s buy a gift for Dad.
A．isn’t he B．doesn’t it C．isn’t it 29．—How many women doctors are there in your hospital?
—______ them ______ over twenty.
A．A number of; are B．The number of; are C．The number of; is 30．—______ can you finish your homework?
—In about one and a half hours.
A．How fast B．How soon C．How often
31．The woman ______ be our English teacher. She has gone to Canada.
A．can’t B．need n’t C．mustn’t 32．The boy is sleeping. Please ______ the radio.
A．turn up B．turn off C．turn on
33．—What were you doing at 8:00 last Sunday?
—I ______ rubbish with my classmates by Zijiang River.
A．picked up B．am picking up C．was picking up 34．—Are you sure you can do well in today’s test, Lily?
—______. I have got everything ready.
A．It’s hard to say B．I’m afraid not C．I think so
35．I don’t know ______.
A．where she comes from B．how old is she C．when was she born B）完形填空（共10小题，计10分）
通读下面的短文，然后从短文后所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案填空，使
短文完整通顺。
One afternoon, an old dog ran into Ben’s yard. The dog didn’t look hungry or sick, just very 36 . Ben gave the dog a few pats (轻拍) on the 37 .
The dog followed Ben into the house, slowly walked down the hall and fell asleep in the corner.
An hour later the dog woke up, walked to the 38 and went out. The next afternoon
the dog was back. Once again the dog followed Ben into the house and 39 in the corner for an hour. It was the 40 story the next afternoon. Ben was very curious (好奇). “What’s up with this dog?”he wondered. Then he had an 41 .
Ben put a 42 on the neck:
To the owner of this dog,
Do you know that your dog comes to my house every 43 and sleeps for a while?
Why?
The next day the dog came to Ben’s 44 with a new note hung on its neck:
The dog lives in a home with six children. Three of them are under the age of two. It’s trying finding a room to sleep in. It can’t 45 a quiet place here. Neither can I! Can I come with it tomorrow?
36．A．excited B．tired C．young
37．A．foot B．hand C．head
38．A．door B．bathroom C．kitchen
39．A．walked B．danced C．slept
40．A．unusual B．same C．different
41．A．order B．answer C．idea
42．A．note B．telephone C．picture
43．A．morning B．afternoon C．evening
44．A．house B．office C．school
45．A．see B．stand C．find
III．阅读技能（共三个部分，计35分）
A）判断正误（共5小题，每小题1分，计5分）
根据短文内容，判断下列句子的正（T）误（F）
Miss Kate taught physics in a New York school. Last month she was explaining to one of her classes about sound, and she decided to test them to see how well they had understood her explanation. She said to them, “Now, I have a brother in Los Angeles. If I was calling him on the phone, and at the same time you were
80 meters away, and were listening to me from across
the street, which of you would hear what I said earlier, my brother or you and for what reason?”
A boy at once answered, “ Your brother, Miss Kate, because electricity travels faster than sound waves(声波).
“That’s very good.”Miss Kate said, but then Jenny said, “I don’t agree. Your brother would hear you earlier because it is 11 o’clock here, it’s only eight o’clock in Los Angeles.”
46．Miss Kate was a physics teacher.
47．All her students understood her lesson.
48．The boy’s answer was not correct.
49．The boy’s answer was just what Kate wanted her students to know. 50．Jenny thought the boy’s reason was wrong because she found Los Angeles Time was three hours earlier than New York Time.
B）阅读下面两篇材料，从每题所给A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。（共10小题，计20分）
A．In the school. B．In Room 601. C．In the store. 52．Jack White wants to________.
A．find a black bag B．join a club C．buy an old TV set 53．You can call at ____________ to get your watch back.
A．6880322 B．5234065 C．6444997
54．How is the TV on sale?
A．It’s new and it works.
B．It’s old but it works.
C．It’s old and it doesn’t work.
55．Which sentence is TRUE?
A．Mr. Green can’t find his bag.
B．Mr. Green finds a watch.
C．Mr. Green likes basketball.
(B)
Mobile phone has become a problem for middle schools. Some middle schools in Australia have banned (禁止) students from carrying mobile phones during school hours.
Mobile phone use among children has become a problem for schools. Several children have got mobile phones from parents and friends as Christmas gifts, and more students will want them.
Lucy Bluett, an expert, said mobile phone use was a distraction (分心的事)
to students during school hours. Teachers were also saying that sometimes students might use phone messages to cheat during exams.
She said some schools had tried to ban mobile phones. Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t call up their children.
Many teachers said students should not have mobile phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could leave their phones at school office.
Many people say that they understand why parents would want their children to have phones, but they think schools should let the students know when they can use their mobile phones.
56．Some middle schools in Australia have banned students from carrying mobile phones ______.
A．when they are at home B．when they are free C．when they are at school
57．We know from the passage that some children get mobile phones from .
A．the makers and sellers
B．the passers-by and strangers
C．their parents and friends
58．What does the underlined word “cheat” mean in the passage?
A．Behave dishonestly. B．Behave honestly. C．Behave correctly.
59．Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t ______ during school hours.
A．use their mobile phones
B．call up their children
C．help the teachers with their work
60．The passage tells us that ______.
A．students shouldn’t have mobile phones at school except for some special reasons
B．many people can’t understand why parents would want their children to have phones
C．all parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t use their phones at school C）回答问题（共5小题，计10分）
阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。
Liu Wei is very famous in China because he can play the piano with his toes(脚趾).
One day when Liu Wei was only 10 years old, he played a game with some friends.
He lost
both his arms because of electricity.
Liu Wei was very sad when both his arms were cut off after the accident. But soon he had to
make a choice.
“For people like me, there were only two choices. One was to give up all the dreams, which
would cause a quick death. The other was to work hard without arms to live an excellent life.”
says Liu Wei.
Liu Wei’s dream was to be a pianist. He learned to play the piano with his toes. And teaching
himself to play the piano with his toes was very hard. Many times he wanted to give up, but his
parents went on encouraging him and he wanted to make his parents proud.
Maybe you can not believe that Liu Wei is able to play well only with his toes. The audience(观众) were deeply moved and very excited when they watched his performance.
61．What can Liu Wei play the piano with?
62．How old was Liu Wei when he lost his arms?
63．Was Liu Wei very unhappy when both his arms were cut off？
64．Who encouraged Liu Wei to play the piano?
65．How did the audience feel when they watched Liu’s performance?
IV．写作技能（三个部分，共10小题和一篇作文，计35分）
A)摘录要点（共5小题，每小题2分，计10分）
阅读下面的材料，然后在表格中完成内容摘要，每空不超过三个单词。
The 14-year-old girl Susan Davis is having a party. At this party, there are neither cakes nor candles. There is only a room full of art supplies(供应品)and
many kids she never met. And all the kids are homeless.
Susan got the idea last year after her school. She worried that kids who could not afford their own supplies would give up drawing. So she started writing
letters to big companies to ask for help. Then the girl received lots of
donations(赠品)from some of the biggest art supply companies. Susan collected
more than $3000 in supplies, enough to make a home for kids to paint their own
watercolors.
By far she’s he ld three parties. What she did was encouraged by the White House. Susan received the President’s awards(奖赏). Now Susan does it for a
通读下面的对话，然后根据上下文补全对话内容。
A: Hello, Bob. I called you yesterday afternoon, but there was no reply.
B: Sorry, I didn’t take my phone with me.
A: 71._____________________________________?
B: I was in a bookstore.
A: 72. _____________________________________?
B: I was choosing some books.
A: 73. _____________________________________?
B: Yes, I did. I bought some books about folk stories.
A: Folk stories? I like them very much. 74.
_______________________________________?
B: Yes. You can borrow one or two from me. But why not buy some for yourself?
I can go with you to the bookstore.
A: Good idea. Thank you very much.
B: 75._____________________________________.
C）作文（计15分）
上周五，你们班举行了《我们的梦想》的主题班会，在班会上同学们踊跃发言：有的
想成为老师；有的想成为一名警察；有的想当医生……。请你根据下面表格的提示以“Our
1、文章中不要出现真实的姓名和校名；内容可适当发挥。
2、词数：70词左右；文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Our Dreams
Last Friday, our class held a class meeting about our dreams. Here is my report.
益阳市2020年普通初中毕业学业考试英语听力录音材料益阳市2020年普通初中毕业学业考试英语听力测试现在开始，听力材料以中速朗读两遍。
A)听音选图根据你所听到的内容，选择相应的图片。
1．What a heavy rain! Why don’t you put on your raincoat?
2．My mother asks me to go to Wuhan by ship, but I want to fly there.
3．Jimmy is playing basketball. He loves it.
4．Tom’s trousers are over there.
5．My brother usually goes to school at half past seven.
B)对话理解根据你所听到的对话以及针对该对话所提的问题，选出能回答该问题的最佳答案。
听下面一段对话，回答第6小题。
M: Can I help you, madam?
W: Yes. I’d like some meat.
听下面一段对话，回答第7小题。
M: Did you go to the movies last night?
W: Yes, but the film was very boring.
听下面一段对话，回答第8小题。
W: When is your birthday, Li Lei?
M: Oh, my birthday is coming. Today is June 18th. My birthday is the day after tomorrow.
听下面一段对话，回答第9小题。
W: Hey, where is my English book?
M: Look! It’s on Li Mei’s desk.
听下面一段对话，回答第10小题。
M: Wow, cool! What a wonderful picture!
W: Ah, Lisa. Stop touching it. Look at the sign.
听下面一段对话，回答第11-12小题。
W: Where is Joy?
M: She has gone to Changsha.
W: How many days has she spent there?
M: Four or five days.
W: Have you ever been there?
M: Yes, but only once.
W: When did you go there?
M: Two days ago.
听下面一段对话，回答第13-15小题。
W: The vacation is coming. What are you doing for it, Jack?
M: I’m going bike riding with my friends. What about you, Lucy?
W: I have to do chores at home for a few days. My parents both work.
M: What are you going to do after that?
W: We are going to Beijing.
M: What are you doing there?
W: To visit the Great Wall.
M: Who are you going with?
W: With my cousins.
M: Have a good time.
W: You, too.
C)笔录要点根据你所听到的内容，填写下面的表格。（每空不超过三个单词）
Hello, Tom. This is Kate speaking. I called you at about 11:00 this morning,
but you were out. I will go to Shanghai by train at 2:00 tomorrow afternoon and stay there for five days. I have found the dictionary you want to borrow. It is put on the second shelf in the reading room.
听力测试到此结束，监考老师请关机，考生请继续答题。
益阳市2020年普通初中毕业学业考试
英语参考答案及评分标准
I．听力技能（三个部分，共20小题；1-15每小题1分，16-20每小题2分，共计25分）1-5 BABCA 6-10 BCCAB 11-15 ACCAB
16．11:00/eleven
17．train
18．five/5 days
19．dictionary
20．second
II．知识运用（两个部分，共25小题；每小题1分，共计25分）
A）选择填空 21-25 BBCAB 26-30 AACCB 31-35 ABCCA
B）完形填空36-40 BCACB 41-45 CABAC
III．阅读技能（三个部分，共20小题；46-50每小题1分，其余每小题2分，共计35分）46-50 T F F TT 51- 55 AACBB 56-60 CCABA
61．His toes.
62．10 years old.
63．Yes, he was.
64．His parents.
65．They were deeply moved and very excited.
IV．写作技能（三个部分，其中66-75 每小题2分，作文15分,共计35分）66．candles
67．art
68．give up
69．wrote letters/started writing letters
70．in supplies
71．Where were you
72．What were you doing
73．Did you buy any books
74．Can/Could I borrow some from you/Can you lend some to me
75．You’re welcome
作文 One possible version
Our dreams
Last Friday, our class held a class meeting about our dreams. Here is my report. Liu Wei wants to be a teacher when she grows up. She is going to study education. Li Ming’s dream is to be a policeman. He does sports every day. Su Juan wants to be a movie star. She is going to take acting lessons. I want to be…I’m sure our dreams will come true one day.
第一档：优秀（14-15分）完全完成了试题所规定的任务，语句通顺，情节连贯，逻辑性强，语言无错误。
第二档：良好（11-13分）完全完成了试题所规定的任务，整篇表达清楚，语言有少量错误。第三档：一般（8-10分）基本完成了试题所规定的任务，整篇表达清楚，语言有少量错误。第四档：（5-7分）未恰当完成试题所规定的任务，整篇表达欠完整，语言有较多错误。
第五档：（0-4分）未完成试题所规定的任务，内容杂乱，无句可读，语言错误较多。未能传达给读者任何信息，内容太少，无法评判，所写内容与所要求的内容无关或所写
内容无法看清楚的记0分。
说明：1、出现语法、拼写、大小写、标点等错误每4处扣1分。
2、没按词数要求写作的酌情扣1-3分。
湖南省永州市中考数学试卷 一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题4分，共48分 1．﹣的相反数的倒数是（） A．1 B．﹣1 C．2016 D．﹣2016 2．不等式组的解集在数轴上表示正确的是（） A．B．C．D． 3．下列图案中既是轴对称图形又是中心对称图形的是（）A．B．C．D． 4．下列运算正确的是（） A．﹣a?a3=a3B．﹣（a2）2=a4C．x﹣x=D．（﹣2）（+2）=﹣1 5．如图，将两个形状和大小都相同的杯子叠放在一起，则该实物图的主视图为（） A．B．C．D． 6．在“爱我永州”中学生演讲比赛中，五位评委分别给甲、乙两位选手的评分如下： 甲：8、7、9、8、8 乙：7、9、6、9、9 则下列说法中错误的是（） A．甲、乙得分的平均数都是8 B．甲得分的众数是8，乙得分的众数是9 C．甲得分的中位数是9，乙得分的中位数是6 D．甲得分的方差比乙得分的方差小 7．对下列生活现象的解释其数学原理运用错误的是（）
A．把一条弯曲的道路改成直道可以缩短路程是运用了“两点之间线段最短” 的原理 B．木匠师傅在刨平的木板上任选两个点就能画出一条笔直的墨线是运用了“直线外一点与直线上各点连接的所有线段中，垂线段最短”的原理 C．将自行车的车架设计为三角形形状是运用了“三角形的稳定性”的原理D．将车轮设计为圆形是运用了“圆的旋转对称性”的原理 8．抛物线y=x2+2x+m﹣1与x轴有两个不同的交点，则m的取值范围是（）A．m＜2 B．m＞2 C．0＜m≤2 D．m＜﹣2 9．如图，点D，E分别在线段AB，AC上，CD与BE相交于O点，已知AB=AC，现添加以下的哪个条件仍不能判定△ABE≌△ACD（） A．∠B=∠C B．AD=AE C．BD=CE D．BE=CD 10．圆桌面（桌面中间有一个直径为0.4m的圆洞）正上方的灯泡（看作一个点）发出的光线照射平行于地面的桌面后，在地面上形成如图所示的圆环形阴影．已知桌面直径为1.2m，桌面离地面1m，若灯泡离地面3m，则地面圆环形阴影的面积是（） A．0.324πm2B．0.288πm2C．1.08πm2D．0.72πm2 11．下列式子错误的是（） A．cos40°=sin50° B．tan15°?tan75°=1 C．sin225°+cos225°=1 D．sin60°=2sin30° 12．我们根据指数运算，得出了一种新的运算，如表是两种运算对应关系的一组实例： 指数 21=2 22=4 23=8 …31=3 32=9 33=27 … 运算 新运 log22=1 log24=2 log28=3 …log33=1 log39=2 log327=3 … 算 根据上表规律，某同学写出了三个式子：①log216=4，②log525=5，③log2 =﹣1．其中正确的是（） A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．①②③ 二、填空题：本大题共8小题，每小题4分，共32分
2014年湖南省长沙市中考真题英语 Ⅱ.知识运用（两部分，共20小题，计20分） 第一节单项选择从A B C三个选项中选出最佳答案。 21. My sister is old enough to dress ____________ now. A. himself B. herself C. myself 解析：从my sister可以推断出是“女的她”，锁定herself。 答案：B 22. Mothers’ Day is____________ the second Sunday in May in the United States. A. on B. in C. at 解析：具体某一天用介词on，锁定A。 答案：A 23. ____________ of us wants to go to the park today, because we have to finish so much homework. A. Either B. Both C. Neither 解析：根据动词“wants”，推出主语为单数，根据句意推出答案为“两者都不”，锁定neither。 答案：C
24. ----Is the school bag under the desk yours? ----No, it’s my ____________.He left it there just now. A. brother B. brother’s C. brothers’ 解析：根据句意，这个书包是我哥哥的，只有一个哥哥，锁定B。 答案：B 25. ____________ nervous the girl was! She could not fall asleep all night. A. What B. What a C. How 解析：根据感叹句的句型How +adj.+主语+谓语，锁定C。 答案：C 26.----Oh, it was fantastic! Lily danced so well. ----Well, I think Kate danced ____________ than Lily. A. well B. better C. best 解析：根据比较级提示词“than”锁定比较级better。 答案：B 27. The shop ____________ sells flowers is at the end of the street. A. who
益阳市2010年普通初中毕业学业考试试卷 数 学 注意事项:1. 本学科试卷分试题卷和答题卡两部分； 2. 请将姓名、准考证号等相关信息按要求填写在答题卡上； 3. 请按答题卡上的注意事项在答题卡上作答，答在试题卷上无效； 4. 本学科为闭卷考试，考试时量为90分钟，卷面满分为120分； 5. 考试结束后，请将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。 试 题 卷 一、选择题：本大题共8小题，每小题4分，共32分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一 项是符合题目要求的． 1．数轴上的点A 到原点的距离是6，则点A 表示的数为 A . 6或6- B . 6 C . 6- D . 3或3- 2．某班体育委员记录了第一小组七位同学定点投篮（每人投10个）的情况，投进篮框的个 数分别为6，10，5，3，4，8，4，这组数据的中位数和极差分别是 A ．4，7 B ．7，5 C ．5，7 D ．3，7 3．下列计算正确的是 Ａ．030 = Ｂ．33-=-- Ｃ．33 1 -=- Ｄ．39±= 4．小军将一个直角三角板（如图1 Ａ． B ． C ． 5．如图2隧道内的长度y 之间的关系用图象描述大致是 Ａ． B ． C ． D ． 2 图
A B C D 6．一元二次方程)0(02≠=++a c bx ax 有两个不相等．．． 的实数根，则ac b 42 -满足的条件是 Ａ．ac b 42 -＝0 Ｂ．ac b 42 -＞0 Ｃ．ac b 42 -＜0 Ｄ．ac b 42 -≥0 7． 货车行驶25千米与小车行驶35千米所用时间相同，已知小车每小时比货车多行驶20 千米,求两车的速度各为多少?设货车的速度为x 千米/小时,依题意列方程正确的是 Ａ． 203525-=x x Ｂ．x x 35 2025=- Ｃ．203525+=x x Ｄ．x x 352025=+ 8．如图3，已知△ABC ，求作一点P ，使P 到∠A 两边的距离相等，且P A ＝PB ．下列 确 定P 点的方法正确的是 Ａ．P 为∠A 、∠B 两角平分线的交点 Ｂ．P 为∠A 的角平分线与AB 的垂直平分线的交点 Ｃ．P 为AC 、AB 两边上的高的交点 Ｄ．P 为AC 、AB 两边的垂直平分线的交点 二、填空题：本大题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分.把答案填在答题卡．．． 中对应题号后的横线上． 9.若62 2 =-n m ，且3=-n m ，则=+n m ． 10. 有三张大小、形状完全相同的卡片，卡片上分别写有数字1、2、3，从这三张卡片中随机同时抽取两张，用抽出的卡片上的数字组成两位数，这个两位数是偶数的概率是 ． 11．如图4，在△ABC 中，AB ＝AC ＝8，AD 是底边上的高，E 为AC 中点，则DE ＝ ． 12.如图5，分别以A 、B 为圆心，线段AB 的长为半径的两个圆相交于C 、D 两点，则∠CAD 的度数为 ． 13．如图6，反比例函数x k y = 的图象位于第一、三象限，其中第一象限内的图象经过点A y o x 2 A 4图5 图6图A B 3 图
2019年湖南省长沙市中考英语试卷 一、单选题（本大题共10小题，共10.0分） 1._______ fun it is to have a field trip on the Orange Island! A. What B. What a C. How 2.Keep trying，______ you might surprisingly find hidden abilities within you． A. but B. and C. or 3.Yesterday our headmaster made a speech ______ environmental protection，and we learned something about recycling of waste． A. on B. at C. to 4.—I can?t find Sarah．Where is she？ —She ______ for tomorrow?s Xingcheng Cup speaking competition at home． A. prepares B. will prepare C. is preparing 5.—So sorry，I took your school T-shirt by mistake．But where is _______？ —Don?t worry．Let me help you find it． A. yours B. his C. mine 6.I ______ abroad for several years，but I have never regretted my final decision to move back to my motherland． A. am living B. lived C. have lived 7.—Perfect photos! Good skills! —Thank you．They ______ by my Huawei mobile phone．In fact，I am not skillful at all． A. took B. were taken C. will be taken 8.Of the two physics problems，Martha just finished ______ one． A. the most difficult B. the least difficult C. the less difficult 9.China is getting better at making hi-tech products ______ can be bought in all parts of the world. A. who B. which C. what 10.Life is like a story．What matters is not how long it is but______． A. how good it is B. how good is it C. what good it is 二、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分） A
永州市2020年初中学业水平考试 数学（试题卷） 温馨提示： 1．本试卷包括试题卷和答题卡，考生作答时，选择题和非选择题均须作答在答题卡上，在本试卷上作答无效．考生在答题卡上按答题卡中注意事项的要求答题． 2．考试结来后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回． 3．本试题卷共6页，如有缺页，请声明． 4．本试题卷共三道大题，26个小题．满分150分，考试时量120分钟． 一、选择题（本大题共10个小题，每小题4分，共40分．每个小题只有一个正确选项，请将正确的选项填涂到答题卡上） 1.2020-的相反数为（ ） A. 12020 - B. 2020 C. 2020- D. 1 2020 2.永州市教育部门高度重视校园安全教育，要求各级各类学校从认识安全警告标志入手开展安全教育．下列安全图标不是轴对称的是（ ） A. B. C. D. 3.永州市现有户籍人口约635.3万人，则“现有户籍人口数”用科学记数法表示正确的是（ ） A. 56.35310?人 B. 563.5310?人 C. 66.35310?人 D. 70.635310? 4.下列计算正确的是（ ） A. 2 2 33 23a b ab a b += B. 6 3 2 a a a ÷= C. 639 a a a ?= D. () 2 35a a = 5.已知一组数据1，2，8，6，8对这组数据描述正确的是（ ） A. 众数是8 B. 平均数是6 C. 中位数是8 D. 方差是9 6.如图，已知,AB DC ABC DCB =∠=∠．能直接判断ABC DCB △≌△的方法是（ ）
A. SAS B. AAS C. SSS D. ASA 7.如图，已知, PA PB是O的两条切线，A，B为切点，线段OP交O于点M．给出下列四种说法：①PA PB =；②OP AB ⊥；③四边形OAPB有外接圆；④M是AOP外接圆的圆心，其中正确说法的个数是（） A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 8.如图，在ABC中， 2 //, 3 AE EF BC EB =，四边形BCFE的面积为21，则ABC的面积是（） A. 91 3 B. 25 C. 35 D. 63 9.如图，这是一个底面为等边三角形正三棱柱和它的主视图、俯视图，则它的左视图的面积是（）
长沙市2008年初中毕业学业考试 下图是Gina对班上同学的周末活动进行调查后得出的结果；同学们的周末活动真是丰富多彩。想想你和你的同学是如何度过周末的?写一篇名为“Weekend Activities”的文章谈谈你们的周末活动。 要求：1．语意连贯，句式规范，字迹工整； 2．文中不得出现你的真实校名和姓名； 3．词数60—80； 4．开头已给出,不计入总词数。 Weekend Activities In my class, most of my classmates have colorful weekends. _____________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
长沙市2018年初中学业水平考试 英语答案解析 Ⅰ.听力技能 1.【答案】C 2.【答案】B 3.【答案】B 4.【答案】C 5.【答案】A 6.【答案】C 7.【答案】A 8.【答案】B 9.【答案】B 10.【答案】B 11.【答案】A 12.【答案】C 13.【答案】B 14.【答案】A 15.【答案】C 16.【答案】C 17.【答案】A 18.【答案】C 19.【答案】A 20.【答案】B Ⅱ.知识运用 第一节语法填空 21.【答案】C 【解析】句意为：天气预报说今天下午有阵雨。是吗？我们最好现在就离开，以防万一，had better do sth.为固定用法，意为“最好做某事”。故选C。 【考点】固定用法。 22.【答案】B
【解析】句意为：那边的那位男士是Adam吗？不可能是他。他去香港度假了。must意为“一定”，表示肯定推测；can't意为“不可能”，表示否定推测；mustn't意为“禁止，不许”，不表示推测。故选B. 【考点】情态动词辨析。 23.【答案】C 【解析】句意为：这对双胞胎看起来长得一样吗？不，Jane比Claire 高一点。此处应用a little修饰形容词的比较级“taller”。可修饰比较级的词有：much，a lot，far，a little，a bit，still，even等。故选C。 【考点】副词辨析。 24.【答案】A 【解析】句意为：我可以吃几个苹果？你可以吃两个（苹果），剩下的（苹果）是给Jim的。the others特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），相当于the other+名词复数；others泛指“其他的人或物”，相当于other+名词；the other表示“两者中的另一个”。根据句意可知，此处指这些苹果中剩下的，表特指。故选A。 【考点】代词辨析。 25.【答案】A 【解析】句意为：除非你有驾驶证，否则你不许开车上路。unless意为“除非”，符合句意；if意为“如果”；since意为“自从”，均与句意不符。故选A。 【考点】连词辨析。 26.【答案】C 【解析】句意为；妈妈，我给我们买了两张2018俄罗斯世界杯的票。真的吗？真是让人惊喜！surprise意为“意想不到（或突然）的事，令人惊奇的事（或消息）”，是可数名词，应用感叹句结构：What a/an+形容词十名词！故选C。 【考点】感叹句。 27.【答案】B 【解析】句意为：英国物理学家Stephen Hawking 被誉为“在世的最聪明的人”，他于2018年3月14日在英国逝世。根据句意可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；且动词praise 与宾语从句的主语“who”（指代“Stephen Hawking”）之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选B。 【考点】动词的时态和语态。 28.【答案】A 【解析】句意为：只要我们整个社会不断努力，我们将会使天空再次变蓝。分析句子结构可知，as long as 引导条件状语从句，主可用的是一般将来时，根据“主将从现”原则，从句应用一般现在时表示将来，故选A。 【考点】动词的时态。
2018年湖南省永州市中考数学试卷 一、选择题（本大题共10个小题，每个小题只有一个正确选项，每小题4分，共40分 1．（4分）﹣2018的相反数是（） A．2018 B．﹣2018 C．D．﹣ 2．（4分）誉为全国第三大露天碑林的“浯溪碑林”，摩崖上铭刻着500多方古今名家碑文，其中悬针篆文具有较高的历史意义和研究价值，下面四个悬针篆文文字明显不是轴对称图形的是（） A．B．C．D． 3．（4分）函数y=中自变量x的取值范围是（） A．x≥3 B．x＜3 C．x≠3 D．x=3 4．（4分）如图几何体的主视图是（） A．B．C．D． 5．（4分）下列运算正确的是（） A．m2+2m3=3m5B．m2?m3=m6C．（﹣m）3=﹣m3D．（mn）3=mn3 6．（4分）已知一组数据45，51，54，52，45，44，则这组数据的众数、中位数分别为（） A．45，48 B．44，45 C．45，51 D．52，53 7．（4分）下列命题是真命题的是（） A．对角线相等的四边形是矩形 B．对角线互相垂直的四边形是菱形
C．任意多边形的内角和为360° D．三角形的中位线平行于第三边，并且等于第三边的一半 8．（4分）如图，在△ABC中，点D是边AB上的一点，∠ADC=∠ACB，AD=2，BD=6，则边AC的长为（） A．2 B．4 C．6 D．8 9．（4分）在同一平面直角坐标系中，反比例函数y=（b≠0）与二次函数y=ax2+bx （a≠0）的图象大致是（） A．B．C．D． 10．（4分）甲从商贩A处购买了若干斤西瓜，又从商贩B处购买了若干斤西瓜．A、B两处所购买的西瓜重量之比为3：2，然后将买回的西瓜以从A、B两处购买单价的平均数为单价全部卖给了乙，结果发现他赔钱了，这是因为（）A．商贩A的单价大于商贩B的单价 B．商贩A的单价等于商贩B的单价 C．商版A的单价小于商贩B的单价 D．赔钱与商贩A、商贩B的单价无关 二、填空题（本大题共8个小题，每小题4分，共32分） 11．（4分）截止2017年年底，我国60岁以上老龄人口达2.4亿，占总人口比重达17.3%．将2.4亿用科学记数法表示为． 12．（4分）因式分解：x2﹣1=． 13．（4分）一副透明的三角板，如图叠放，直角三角板的斜边AB、CE相交于点D，则∠BDC=．
1 / 11 2016年长沙市初中毕业学业水平考试试卷 英 语 注意事项： 1、答题前，请考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号、考室和座位号； 2、必须在答题卡上答题，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效； 3、答题时，请考生注意各大题题号后面的答题提示； 4、请勿折叠答题卡，保持字体工整、笔迹清晰、卡面清洁; 5、答题卡上不得使用涂改液、涂改胶和贴纸； 6、本学科试卷中听力材料以中速朗读两遍。 试卷分四个部分，共8页，76小题，时量120分钟，满分120分。 I ．听力技能（两部分，共20小题，计20分） 第一节 对话理解 根据所听到的对话，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳答案回答问题。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。（共15小题，计15分） 听下面五段对话，每听完一段对话后，回答1个小题。 1．What is Tom’s favorite sport? A ．Football. B ．Basketball. C ．Volleyball. 2．Who helped the boy to paint the picture? A ．Tina. B ．Jane. C ．Jack. 3．How far is the cinema from the school? A ．8 kilometers. B ．15 kilometers. C ．18 kilometers. 4．Where will they meet tomorrow? A ．At the supermarket. B ．At the park. C ．At the hospital. 5．How does the girl go to school every day? A ．By subway. B ．By bus. C ．By bike. 听第六段对话，回答第6至7小题。 6．What does Frank’s father do? A ．A doctor. B ．A worker. C ．A cook. 7．When did Frank’s father start to work there? A ．12 years ago. B ．16 years ago. C ．20 years ago. 听第七段对话，回答第8至9小题。 8．What are they talking about ？ A ．Vacations. B ．Customs. C ．Rules. 9．How did the girls spend the rainy day? A ．By playing on the beach. B ．By visiting friends. C ．By staying inside. 听第八段对话，回答第10至12小题。 10．Who has taught the girl to make kites? A ．Her brother. B ．Her father. C ．Her grandfather. 11．What is Jack doing at the moment? A ．Reading. B ．Dancing. C ．Sleeping. 12．When will the football match be held? A ．This Friday. B ．This Saturday. C ．Next Sunday. 听第九段对话，回答第13至15小题。 13．What does Mark think of yesterday? 姓名 准考证号
2016年长沙市初中毕业学业水平考试试卷 英语 注意事项： 1、答题前，请考生现将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号、考室和座位号； 2、必须在答题卡上答题，在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效； 3、答题时，请考生注意各大题题号后面的答题提示； 4、请勿折叠答题卡，保持字体工整、笔迹清晰、卡面清洁； 5、答题卡上不得使用涂改液、涂改胶和贴纸； 6、本学科试卷中听力材料以中速朗读两遍。 试卷分四个部分，共8页，76小题，时量120分钟弄，满分120分。 Ⅰ.听力技能（两部分，共20小题，计20分） 第一节对话理解根据所听到的对话，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案回答问题。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。（共15小题，计15分） 听下面武断对话，每听完一段对话后，回答1个问题 1.What is Tom’s favorite sport? A. Football B. Basketball C. V olleyball 2.Who helped the boy to paint the picture? A. Tina B. Jane C. Jack 3.How far is the cinema from the school? A. 8 kilometers B. 15 kilometers C. 18 kilometers 4.Where will they meet tomorrow? A. At the supermarket B. At the park C. At the hospital 5.How does the girl go to school everyday? A. By subway B. By bus C. By bike 听第六段对话，回答第6至7题。 6.What does Frank’s father do? A. A doctor B. A worker C. A cook 7.When did Frank’s father star t to work there? A. 12 years ago B. 16 years ago C. 20 years ago 听第七段对话，回答第8至9题。 8.What are they talking about? A. Vacations B. Customs C. Rules 9.How did he girls spend the rainy day? A. By playing on the beach B. By visiting friends C. By staying inside 听第八段对话，回答第10至12小题 10.Who has taught the girl to make kites? A. Her brother B. Her father C. Her grandfather 11.What is Jack doing at the moment? A. Reading B. Dancing C. Sleeping 12.When will the football match be held? A. This Friday B. This Saturday C. Next Sunday
1 2016年长沙市初中毕业学业水平考试试卷 英 语 注意事项： 1、答题前，请考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号、考室和座位号； 2、必须在答题卡上答题，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效； 3、答题时，请考生注意各大题题号后面的答题提示； 4、请勿折叠答题卡，保持字体工整、笔迹清晰、卡面清洁; 5、答题卡上不得使用涂改液、涂改胶和贴纸； 6、本学科试卷中听力材料以中速朗读两遍。 试卷分四个部分，共8页，76小题，时量120分钟，满分120分。 I ．听力技能（两部分，共20小题，计20分） 第一节 对话理解 根据所听到的对话，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳答案回答问题。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。（共15小题，计15分） 听下面五段对话，每听完一段对话后，回答1个小题。 1．What is Tom’s favorite sport? A ．Football. B ．Basketball. C ．Volleyball. 2．Who helped the boy to paint the picture? A ．Tina. B ．Jane. C ．Jack. 3．How far is the cinema from the school? A ．8 kilometers. B ．15 kilometers. C ．18 kilometers. 4．Where will they meet tomorrow? A ．At the supermarket. B ．At the park. C ．At the hospital. 5．How does the girl go to school every day? A ．By subway. B ．By bus. C ．By bike. 听第六段对话，回答第6至7小题。 6．What does Frank’s father do? A ．A doctor. B ．A worker. C ．A cook. 7．When did Frank’s father start to work there? A ．12 years ago. B ．16 years ago. C ．20 years ago. 听第七段对话，回答第8至9小题。 8．What are they talking about ？ A ．Vacations. B ．Customs. C ．Rules. 9．How did the girls spend the rainy day? A ．By playing on the beach. B ．By visiting friends. C ．By staying inside. 听第八段对话，回答第10至12小题。 10．Who has taught the girl to make kites? A ．Her brother. B ．Her father. C ．Her grandfather. 11．What is Jack doing at the moment? A ．Reading. B ．Dancing. C ．Sleeping. 12．When will the football match be held? A ．This Friday. B ．This Saturday. C ．Next Sunday. 听第九段对话，回答第13至15小题。 13．What does Mark think of yesterday? 姓名 准考证号
益阳市2020年普通初中毕业学业考试试卷 物 理 注意事项：1．考生作答时，所有试题均须按试题顺序作在答题卡上，并按答题卡上注意事项的要求答题，在本试卷上答题无效。 2．本试卷为闭卷考试。 3．本试卷共有三道大题，22道小题。满分100分，考试时量与化学学科合堂为120分钟。 4．考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。 试 题 卷 一、选择题（每小题只有一个选项正确；每小题3分，共36分） 1．干旱的沙漠中，甲壳虫掌握了一种独特的获取水的方法。日落以后的几个小时, 甲壳虫的体温降低到周围的气温以下，它们将头插进沙里，然后背朝着晚风吹来的方向，水珠就会在甲壳虫背上形成（如右图所示），当水珠越聚越多时，这些水珠就会沿着弓形背滚落入甲壳虫的嘴中。水珠的形成属于下列物态变化中的哪一种？ A ．熔化 B ．液化 C ．汽化 D ．凝华 2．2020年5月24日，中俄在东海举行联合军演。为了刺探我国军情，日本军机与我国军机超近距离对峙，当时两军机之间保持的距离仅约30m 。日本的这种挑衅行为引起我国人民的强烈愤慨。以下列哪个目标为参照物，可以认为对峙时我军飞行员是静止的 A ．日本军机 B ．海面上的军舰 C ．海面 D ．海岸 3．下列情景中，属于光的折射现象的是 姓名 准考证号 D ．激光引导掘进方向 B ．看见不发光的物体 A ．手影游戏 掘进机 激光器 激光束 C ．池水变“浅”了
甲 乙 4．关于声现象，下列说法正确的是 A ．能根据声音的响度分辨出不同乐器发出的声音 B ．发生雷电时，震天的雷声是通过电流传播的 C ．在教学楼前后植树是在声源处减弱外来的噪声 D ．超声波清洗机可以清洗精密仪器，说明声音具有能量 5．关于生活中遇到的各种波，下列说法正确的是 A ．电磁波可以传递信息，声波不能传递信息 B ．手机在通话时涉及到的波既有电磁波又有声波 C ．声波和电磁波的传播速度相同 D ．遥控器发出的红外线不能在真空中传播 6．如右图所示，用甲乙两个滑轮将同样的钩码缓慢提 升相同的高度，则下列说法正确的是 A ．F1与F2大小相等 B ．甲中绳的自由端移动的距离比乙大 C ．F1做的总功比F2多 D ．甲的机械效率比乙高 7．为了延长水果的存放时间，果农先将水果浸没到自己配制的保鲜液中，再用保鲜纸包住就能存放比较长的时间。若将同一个苹果先后放入甲乙两个容器的保鲜液中，静止后苹果的浮沉情况如右下图所示，则甲乙两容器中保鲜液的密度大小比较，正确的是 A ．甲中的大 B ．乙中的大 C ．一样大 D ．条件不够，不能比较 甲 F 2
1 2020年长沙市初中学业水平考试试卷英语 注意事项： 1、答题前，请考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号、考室和座位号； 2、必须在答题卡上答题，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效； 3、答题时，请考生注意各大题题号后面的答题提示； 4、请勿折叠答题卡，保持字体工整、笔迹清晰、卡面清洁; 5、答题卡上不得使用涂改液、涂改胶和贴纸； 6、本学科试卷中听力材料以中速朗读两遍。 试卷分为四个部分，共8页，75小题，时量120分钟，满分120分。 I ．听力技能（两部分，共20小题，计20分） 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。（共5小题，计5分） 1．Where did Jim go last weekend? A ．The science park. B ．The countryside. C ．The city library. 2．How often does the boy play basketball? A ．Every day. B ．Twice a week. C ．Twice a month. 3．What ’s the weather like today? A ．Rainy. B ．Sunny. C ．Snowy. 4．When will Mary have a picnic? A ．On Friday. B ．On Saturday. C ．On Sunday. 5．What color does the girl like best? A ．Green. B ．Blue. C ．Yellow. 第二节 听下面6段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有2-3个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。（共15小题，计15分） 听第六段对话，回答第6、7小题。 6．What will the man do next? A ．Leave right away. B ．Stay for dinner. C ．Catch a train. 7．How long will it take the man to get to the station? A ．Half an hour. B ．One hour. C ．One and a half hours. 听第七段对话，回答第8、9小题。 8．When will they go for a trip? A ．In June. B ．In July. C ．In August. 9．How long will they stay there? A ．For five days. B ．For a week. C ．For a month. 听第八段对话，回答第10、11小题。 10．What is the second gift for Cathy? A ．A skirt. B ．A car. C ．A computer. 11．What ’s the probable relationship between the speakers? A ．Husband and wife. B ．Boss and secretary. C ．Father and daughter. 听第九段对话，回答第12至14小题。 12．What is John doing at the moment? 姓名 准考证号
2019年湖南省益阳市中考数学试卷 一、选择题（本题共10个小题，每小题4分，共40分.每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的） 1．（4分）﹣6的倒数是（） A．﹣B．C．﹣6D．6 2．（4分）下列运算正确的是（） A．＝﹣2B．（2）2＝6C．+＝D．×＝3．（4分）下列几何体中，其侧面展开图为扇形的是（） A．B． C．D． 4．（4分）解分式方程+＝3时，去分母化为一元一次方程，正确的是（）A．x+2＝3B．x﹣2＝3 C．x﹣2＝3（2x﹣1）D．x+2＝3（2x﹣1） 5．（4分）下列函数中，y总随x的增大而减小的是（） A．y＝4x B．y＝﹣4x C．y＝x﹣4D．y＝x2 6．（4分）已知一组数据5，8，8，9，10，以下说法错误的是（）A．平均数是8B．众数是8C．中位数是8D．方差是8 7．（4分）已知M、N是线段AB上的两点，AM＝MN＝2，NB＝1，以点A为圆心，AN长为半径画弧；再以点B为圆心，BM长为半径画弧，两弧交于点C，连接AC，BC，则△ABC一定是（） A．锐角三角形B．直角三角形C．钝角三角形D．等腰三角形8．（4分）南洞庭大桥是南益高速公路上的重要桥梁，小芳同学在校外实践活动中对此开展测量活动．如图，在桥外一点A测得大桥主架与水面的交汇点C的俯角为α，大桥主架的顶端D的仰角为β，已知测量点与大桥主架的水平距离AB＝a，则此时大桥主架顶端离水面的高CD为（）
A．a sinα+a sinβB．a cosα+a cosβ C．a tanα+a tanβD．+ 9．（4分）如图，P A、PB为圆O的切线，切点分别为A、B，PO交AB于点C，PO的延长线交圆O于点D，下列结论不一定成立的是（） A．P A＝PB B．∠BPD＝∠APD C．AB⊥PD D．AB平分PD 10．（4分）已知二次函数y＝ax2+bx+c的图象如图所示，下列结论：①ac＜0，②b﹣2a＜0， ③b2﹣4ac＜0，④a﹣b+c＜0，正确的是（） A．①②B．①④C．②③D．②④ 二、填空题（本题共8个小题，每小题4分，共32分，请将答案填在答题卡中对应题号的横线上） 11．（4分）国家发改委发布信息，到2019年12月底，高速公路电子不停车快速收费（ETC）用户数量将突破1.8亿，将180 000 000科学记数法表示为． 12．（4分）若一个多边形的内角和与外角和之和是900°，则该多边形的边数是．13．（4分）不等式组的解集为． 14．（4分）如图，直线AB∥CD，OA⊥OB，若∠1＝142°，则∠2＝度．
永州市2015年初中毕业学业考试 物理（试题卷） 说明：本试卷满分100分，考试时量90分钟。 一、选择题（共16小题，每小题2分，满分32分） 1．亲爱的同学们：就你所在的考室内，下列说法正确的是 A．室温约50℃B．大气压强约2标准大气压 C．照明电灯两端的电压约36V D．你坐的课桌高约80cm 2．关于同学们听到的考试哨声，下列说法正确的是 A．哨声在真空中传播的速度是340m/s B．哨声是由物体振动产生的 C．哨声不能在教室墙壁上反射D．哨声不能传递能量 3．在图1所示的四种现象中，属于光的反射现象的是 4．初春，我们永州连续出现“回潮”天气现象，这时我们室内地砖、玻璃等总是潮湿冒“汗”，形成“汗”的物态变化是 A．汽化B．液化C．升华D．凝华 5．对雨滴在空中匀速下落过程的分析（不考虑雨滴质量的变化和雨滴受到的浮力），正确的是 A．雨滴的机械能不断减少 B．雨滴的重力势能转化为动能 C．雨滴只受到重力的作用 D．雨滴只受到空气阻力的作用 6．一箱汽油用掉一半后，剩下的汽油与原来一箱汽油相比较，大小变为原来一半的物理量是 A．质量B．密度C．热值D．比热容 7．下列说法正确的是 A．电视机遥控器是利用紫外线工作的 B．核电站是利用核裂变的能量来发电的 C．手机是利用超声波来传递信息的
D．能量是守恒的，所以不会发生能源危机 8．如图2所示的不同体育比赛场景所采取的不同措施中，主要为了减小摩擦的是 9．下列选项中说法不正确的是 A．拦河坝修成上窄下宽的形状是因为液体的压强随深度的增加而増大 B．狂风掀翻屋顶是因为屋顶的空气流速快，压强小，屋内的空气流速慢，压强大 C．行进中的汽车突然刹车，乘客向前倾倒是由于乘客具有惯性 D．用注射器推药液是利用大气压强 10．“珍爱生命、注意安全”是人们在日常生活中必须具有的意识。关于安全用电，下列做法正确的是 A．为了清洁卫生，应经常用湿布擦拭正在工作的台灯 B．为了不影响工作，更换灯泡或维修电路时可以不断开电源 C．发现有人触电时，应先切断电源，再把人拉开 D．一个多孔插线板可以同时使用多个大功率用电器 11．图3所示的四个实例中，为了减小压强的做法是 图3 12．电动豆浆机转动的叶轮将豆子打磨碾碎，加热棒将豆浆加热煮熟，关于制作豆浆的过程，下列说法正确的是 A．通电后电动机将机械能转化为电能 B．从开始加热到豆浆煮熟的过程中，豆浆的内能不变 C．煮好的豆浆香气四溢的原因是分子不停地做无规则运动 D．消耗的电能为一次能源 13．利用四个相同的滑轮，组成如图4所示的甲、乙两个滑轮组，把质量相等的重物G提升了相同的高度，所用的拉力分别为F甲、F乙，机械效 率分别是η甲、η乙（忽略绳重与摩擦），下列关系正确的是 A．F甲＜F乙B．F甲＞F乙