全国高等教育自学考试指定教材英语专业（本科段）课程代码0600（2000版）
主编：王家湘
高级英语课后答案
Lesson One Rock Superstars:
What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society?
A
1. 1) The author uses the two quotations to introduce the discussion and express his ideas about
rock music and young culture heroes. 2) Yes, they are.
2. The author uses the three examples to show that the young people worship the rock superstars
very much, but the adults find these rock superstars are sick. These examples are used to show that young people and adults have totally different attitudes towards rock music.
3. Irving Horowitz believes that rock music can express its time. He sees it as a debating forum
where American society struggles to define and redefine its feelings and beliefs.
4. When he appeared on the Ed. Sullivan Sunday night variety show in front of millions, a kind of
“debate”took place. Most of the old people frowned while most of the young viewers applauded.
5. Bob Dylan touched a nerve of disaffection. The Beatles urged peace and piety. The Rolling
Stones demanded revolution.
6. Apart from politics, the rock music dealt with a range of feelings and emotions.
7. The rock superstars got applause, praise and money.
8. No, he hasn’t. It is impossible for the author to give a complete answer in a short article. He
ends his article with questions because he wants to leave the question to the readers and let them think.
B
1.他描述道：“贾格尔抓起半加仑水，沿着前台跑，边跑边把水洒向前几排酷热难耐的歌迷身上……”
2. 你对这种赞美和英雄崇拜是怎样看的？
3. 或者是由于他把你狂热的幻想表演出来了，你就不知不觉地被这个不可思议的小丑吸引？
4. 一些社会学家认为，你对这些问题的回答，可以说明你在想什么，社会在想什么。换句话说，可以说明
你和你所在社会的立场。
5.只不过艾尔维斯的演唱体现了20世纪50年代青少年那种沮丧的精神状态。
6. 感情总是任何音乐表达的一种成分，也是一个重要主题。
7. 霍罗威茨认为，这种乡间音乐成分有助于听众表达“摆脱这一切”、“重归昔日”的强烈愿望。
8. 在1972年的一次全国民意测验中，10%以上的中学男生以及20%的女声说他们心目中的英雄是超级摇
滚歌星。
C
1. embody
2. act out
3. sprinkled
4. sweltering
5. idle
6. rejected
7. rather than
8. reverence/worship
D
1. debating
2. proud
3. blend, mix
4. conceive
5. were dressed
6. idealistic
7. admiration
8. rumbling
E
1. disgusting
2. Editors wrote articles to attack him
3. the confusions of the old people
4. advocated peace and devotion
5. The words of the song praise the natural happiness of the old days.
6. reflect emotions and favor
7. a place where ideas come into opposition and try to defeat each other
8. other successful rock stars at present
F
Rock music began in America in the late 1950s. It was not only a new musical form, but also a forum for the America youth to express their ideas of the world and life. On this forum, the stars sang out the attitudes of the youth towards civil rights, war and peace, their disaffection of the society, and a range of emotions between love and hate. All in all, on this forum, the American youth redefined their beliefs and feelings for American society. The typical representatives of the early rock music were Elvis Presley, singer and poet Bob Dylan, the Beatles, the Rolling Stones and so on. They were the culture heroes worshipped by young people.
Lesson Two Four Choices for Young People
A
1. They look at the adult world with great skepticism.
2. “drop out”means to withdraw from conventional society. The author says that the dropouts are
parasitic because they batten on the society in which they refuse to take any responsibility.
3. The difference is that people who flee are not parasites. They are willing to support themselves
and to contribute something to the general community.
4. Because our planet is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscapes, and except for the
polar regions, the frontiers are gone.
5. Young people who are more active and idealistic tend to follow the strategy of armed
revolution.
6. Because they will live in bitter disillusionment to see the new establishment is just as
hard-faced and stuffy as the old one.
7. For example, the problems of an affluent society, of racial justice, of keeping our cities from
becoming uninhabitable ,of population explosion and so on.
8.The fourth alternative is trying to change the world gradually, one clod at a time. The author
favors this alternative because he thinks it offers a better chance for remedying some of the world’s outrages than any other available strategy.
B
1. 很显然，他的话代表了许多同龄人的心声。
2. 在过去的几年里，我曾听过许多在校大学生或已走出校门的年轻人的想法。他们对成人社会也是同样的
紧张不安。
3. 他们愿意养活自己,并为社会做出贡献。他们只是不喜欢文明社会的环境，也就是不喜欢那充满丑陋和
压力的城市。
4. 一些有钱的绅士农场主仍旧能够遁人田园。
5. 在他们看来，这种方式具有传奇般的感召力，通常以某个魄力十足且具有超凡魅力的人物为代表。
6.他们最大的成功也绝不可能带来一个他们所期望的崭新的世界———个涤荡了所有人类污浊的崭新的
世界。
7. 革命政府，无论贴上什么样的政治标签，都必须要由销售、卫生工程和各级政府机关的行家管理，而不
是由狂暴的浪漫主义者管理。
8. 关于这种办法值得一提的是,它有时会奏效——在这特定的时期和地点，它能够提供比其他任何可用的
方式都要好的遏制社会暴行的良方。
C
1.satisfying
2. cleansed
3. symbolize
4. ran out of
5. unprecedented
6. insoluble
7. struck
8. virtually
D
1. glance
2. relative
3. exasperated
4. noisome
5. inhabited
6. cluttered
7. idealistic
8. appeal
E
1. …were also worried about the adult world.
2. They don’t live off others(They don’t batten on society).
3. …was also practiced by our ancestors in ancient times.
4. All the unpleasant things of the city：crimes, social injustice, unemployment or the mental strain caused by severe competition.
5. Their success never brings about a completely new and different world.
6. This strategy is not attractive at all.
7. Changing and curing the cruelty and violence of the world better than any other possible ways.
8. Another problem soon appears before them.
F
American young people in the 1960s were a generation of rebellion. They found America, an affluent society, full of poverty, injustice and hypocrisy. They no longer believed in the adult world which did not belong to them and rejected its beliefs and values. Many young people threw themselves into tie battles against poverty, facial discrimination and Vietnam War. Some of them even attempted to overthrow the society through revolution. Many others expressed their resentment in passive ways. They took drugs and lived a parasitic life without taking any social responsibility, or fled to the unsullied countryside to live a rather primitive communal life. Lesson Three The Use of Force
A
1. Because it was very damp there sometimes. They had her in the kitchen where it was warm.
2.Because they were new patients and they knew how stubborn their child was. They thought it was hard to diagnose the child. Besides, they just spent three dollars on the doctor. They doubted whether the doctor could do his best in such cases.
3. She didn’t know the seriousness of the disease——diphtheria. And she didn’t want the doctor to find that her tonsils were covered with membrane, she was very self-willed. All these made her refuse to open her mouth.
4. Because the doctor had seen at least two children lying dead in bed of neglect in such cases. He must diagnose in time. Besides, a blind fury, a feeling of adult shame, bred of a longing for muscular release are the immediate operatives.
5. Before the doctor could see anything she came down again and gripped the wooden blade between her molars.
6. In the final unreasoning assault the doctor overpowered the child’s neck and jaws. He forced the heavy silver spoon back of the girl’s teeth and down her throat.
7. This is an open-ended question. In a sense, there’s some relation between the girl’s physical beauty and the outcome of the incident. The girl’s parents spoiled her because of her beauty, This formed her self-willed character. If the girl was ugly, the situation may be different. However, in another sense, there’s no necessary relation between the girl’s beauty and the outcome of the incident. That’s because a child’s character is affected by various elements. No matter a child is pretty or not, he may become a self-willed child.
8. Yes. His purpose was good. But the means he employed to exam the girl’s throat was too rude. And he hurt the girl’s feeling.
B
1. 当我到达时，孩子的母亲迎接了我。她是一位大块头的女人，脸上带着惊慌，衣着干净，满面歉意。她
只是简单地说，你是大夫吗？就让我进去了。
2. 他试图站起来，但我示意他不必麻烦了。我脱下大衣开始检査。
3. 像通常一样,在这种情况下，他们告诉我的绝不会比他们不得不说的多，得靠我来告诉他们。
4. 我用我那最好的职业微笑笑着问那孩子的名字，然后我说，过来，玛蒂尔达……
5. 听到这话我厌恶地咬咬牙。如果他们不用“伤害”这个词，我或许会做成了一些什么。
6. 在接下来的较量中他们变得越来越可怜、受压制、精疲力竭,而她由于对我的害怕产生的狂怒当然已经
达到了惊人的程度。
7. 她张开了嘴,但只是一瞬间,在我看清之前她又闭上了,并且把木制压舌板紧紧咬在臼齿之间。在我抽出
它之前，压舌板已被她咬成碎片。
8. 在这种情况下,一个人会对自己说,一定要保护这可恶的小鬼,使她免受自己愚蠢行为的伤害。
C
1. apprehension
2. terrifying
3. overpowering
4. contemptible
5. motioned
6. profusion
7. ensuing
8. coax
D
1. terrified
2. coaxed
3. contemptible
4. apprehension
5. apology
6. terrifying
7. desist
8. admonished
E
1. making an apology，expressing regret
2. ...it was my duty
3. lots of people here have been ill
4. My best smile and my words were of no help. The girl was still.
5. in the view of the possibility
6. We ’ re going to complete the examination.
7. I too had lost my sense. (I became unreasonable.)
8. the violent and unreasoning feeling
F
Mathilda had been ill for three days. Mother had given her some medicine; but it didn’t do any good. So she had to ask the doctor to come, Since some students had got diphtheria in the school to which Mathilda went and two of them had already died. The doctor, arriving at Olson’s, would first examine Mathilda’s throat. No matter how coaxed, she didn’t open her mouth. So the doctor had to get the wooden tongue depressor between her teeth. Mathilda, however, reduced it to splinters. In order to protect Mathilda herself and other children, the doctor had to make clear whether she had diphtheria or not, so that he could cure it in time. Therefore, he asked Mathilda’s father to hold both her wrists, and he himself forced the child to open her mouth. And there it was
—she really had diphtheria. The story sets us thinking of this question that not everything can depend on willingness in in life and it is necessary to use some force under certain circumstances. Lesson Four Die as You Choose
A
1. Yes. In Holland, mercy-killing is accepted by medical establishment and openly practiced a few thousand times each year.
2.Because they keep euthanasia secret. In America, they can rarely discuss euthanasia openly with patients—even when those patients beg them for it—doctors tend to kill only when the dying are too far gone to consent. Thus, because voluntary euthanasia is taboo, a doctor makes the decision himself and the patient is killed involuntarily.
3. Passive euthanasia is letting patients die without using all the might of medical technology to prolong the lives of patients. Active euthanasia is killing the patients. No.
4. A “living-will”is a document written by a person sound in mind and body stating whether he/she should receive any medical treatment or what kind of medical treatment he/ she should receive if he/she should contract some incurable disease.
5. Yes. His oath explicitly ruled out active killing. No. Most other Greek doctors and thinkers disagreed with his ban. The author wanted to tell the readers that even in ancient Greek doctors and thinkers had the courage to disagree with the Hippocratic ban. Today we should have the courage to support euthanasia.
6. It might pose dangers for society by setting a precedent for killing.
7. The opposition is too fierce because of the shadow of the past, which refers to the atrocities committed by the German fascists during the Second World War.
8. The author is in favor of euthanasia.
B
1. 需要制定有关安乐死的法律，这一问题是不能再回避了。
2. 在荷兰,安乐死已被医疗机构接受并且每年公开实施几千次。
3. 有关安乐死的辩论将争执不休地持续到秋季，到那时加利福尼亚人会对安乐死合法化的议案进行投票。
4. 许多人认同这样的观点：运用一切医疗技术力量去延长临终的痛苦是可悲的、有损尊严的和令人毛骨悚
然的。
5. 对主动安乐死和被动安乐死的区分还会持续多久?
6. 那么，他使用足够多的止痛药去杀人就一定错了吗？医生釆取了行动而不是疏忽职守，就应谴责他吗？
7.最英勇地顶住压力,拒绝参与纳粹分子医疗暴行的是荷兰医生，这也许绝非巧合。
8. 那些近代自由主义传统未被打断过的国家，对为自愿安乐死设立一些有限规则并没太多要担心的。
C
1. dodged
2. intrude
3. withhold
4. ushered
5. legalize
6. precedent
7. credible
8. arguable
D
1. dodge
2. drowned out
3. intruding
4. omission
5. oath
6. withholding
7. arguable
8. credible
E
1. the painless, gentle and easy death in case of incurable and painful disease.
2. a strong controversial influence .
3. (among some people) something which religion or custom regards as forbidden, something not to be touched upon or spoken of
4. great power, strength
5. furnishing an example that may serve to justify killing
6. a person who is excessively/too scrupulous (careful to do nothing morally wrong, paying great attention to small points, esp. of conscience)
7. likely to cause prolonged argument
8. to include, incorporate or accept
F
It’s now very urgent to make laws on euthanasia. Most countries prohibit euthanasia. In these countries, euthanasia is secretly practiced by doctors. But some countries, Holland, for example, openly practice euthanasia. More and more countries are debating on legalizing euthanasia.
When a patient has long been suffering from a disease and has no hope of recovery, why should we let him go on suffering? Why not use euthanasia to end his throes?
If euthanasia is legalized, however, it may pose a danger—someone may use euthanasia to murder. In a word, euthanasia is a question that can’ t be dodged.
Lesson Five I’d Rather Be Black than Female
A
1. She is the first black woman ever elected to Congress.
2.Because men do not support the struggle and women in America are much more
brainwashed and content with their roles as second class citizens than blacks ever were.
3. Women do tedious details that make the difference between victory and defeat on election day and the best position while men reaped the rewards. That the best any of those women can hope for is the honor of being a district or country vice-chairman while her role is supposed to vote the way her male chairman votes.
4. In her district there are 2.5 women for every man registered to vote. And those women are organized—in PTAs, church societies, card clubs, and other social and service groups. She went to them and asked their help.
5. They are invariably paid less than a man for the same job.
6. The America women usually talk the occupations of secretaries, librarians and teachers.
7. There are still some children going to bed hungry. There isn’t a good school for every child. Money is still spent on weapons to murder people. The laws against unfair housing and unfair employment practices are not enforced effectively.
8. According to the author, women have the qualities of empathy, tolerance, insight, patience and persistence. I agree with the author because they are women’s naturally-born qualities.
B
1. 我是第一个同时清除了这两个障碍的人。
2. 那些白人——包括那些自以为是开朗人士的人们——需要多年的时间才能发现并摒弃他们事实上都持
有的种族歧视态度。
3. 从事这份工作，她可以享受公费出差，去参加几次州会议，有时去参加全国性会议及党政召开的全国代
表大会，而在这些会议上，她的任务是投和男主席一样的票。
4. 当一位聪慧的年轻女大学生开始找工作的时候，为什么第一个问题总是：“你会打字吗？”
5. 每次当我试图向高处再走一步的时候，许多人就建议我回去教书，说那才是女人的职业，而要把政治留
给男士们。
6. 但是知道这种情况发生——我们都知道这不会是今年也不会是明年——我们所需要的是更多的妇女从
政，因为我们妇女要做出特殊的贡献。
7. 只有妇女才能给政府带来移情能力、容忍、远见、耐心和持之以恒——这些品质是我们妇女天生的或者
说由于受到男性压迫而不得不发展的。
8. 现在，我们的国家需要妇女的理想主义和决心，也许在政治上要比在其他任何领域都更需要。
C
1. makes the differences
2. phenomena
3. menial
4. prejudice
5. separate
6. predominate
7. rather than
8. thought of
D
1. incredible
2. tune; tone
3. sympathy
4. vacation
5. contented
6. illuminated
7. persistence
8. morale
E
1. Women have much more troubles and differences than blacks.
2. Women in America are told to accept the ideas of the patriarchal society.
3. position, fate, destiny
4. unpaid individuals who work
5. When I attempted to free myself from that stereotype
6. I was confronted with open opposition.
7. I was suggesting that a promising young woman be named the candidate.
8. the law was carried out instead of being avoided
F
American women have made great contributions to the American development, but they have been suffering from many kinds of prejudice because of their sex. In politics, they do all the tedious details that make the difference between victory and defeat, but have little chance to reach higher positions while men reap the rewards. In economy, most women do the lower-paying, dead-end jobs and they are invariably paid less than a man for the same job. Many Americans do not admit that it is prejudice, only saving that it is a division of labor. Many women are even content with their roles as second class citizens. So the author says that it will be a long and hard struggle if women want to get real equality.
Lesson Six A Good Chance
A
1. “I” refers to the author of this story，a friend of Magpie.
2.She brought Magpie a letter of acceptance from a University in California where they wanted
him to participate for Indians.
3. He was arrested and put in jail for a year after the protest at Custer when the courthouse was
burned.
4. No, she didn’t. Because Amelia thought that first, Magpie had changed a lot, and he no longer needed things that people like the author wanted him to need; second, Magpie was happy with his own people when he was not saying all those things against the government and the council.
5. The author’s sincerity and reasoning.
6. The police car was on patrol duty. The policemen inside were going round the place to see that all was well and to look out for wrongdoers, persons in need for help, etc.
7. Yes, he did. He thought Magpie might want to accept the scholarship but he didn’t know for sure. Elgie remembered clearly how Magpie had talked about freedom with his friends on the Augustana College Campus when he had to hide out after that Custer thing, and he also knew
that freedom had become Magpie’s main topic of conversation. But in Crow Creek, Magpie could never be free when he was closely watched by his parole officer.
8. It tells us that the whites looked down upon the Indians and the whites were cruel to them. The Indians did not have freedom and their human rights were not protected by the law.
B
1. 当他说那些反对政府和议会的话时，他变得越来越可怕和哀怨，我常常为他担心。
2. 好吧，你愿怎么想就怎么想吧，但你最近与他谈过话吗？你知道他现在怎么样吗？
3. 如果像你说的那样，他是一个印第安人，不管这是什么意思，如果他亲口告诉我他这次回来就是要待在
这里，我就不再劝他了。
4. —辆警车朝我们停车的拐角处慢慢驶来，巡警目不转睛地看着我们三个人，我的装着没注意到。
5. 我想你来的正好，因为在这种不断的监视和检查之下，喜鹊需要一些放松。
6. “但关于这还有些情况，”他说道，“喜鹊本不应在那里，明白吗？因为假释的条件之一是他应远离朋友、
亲戚和刑满释放的囚犯，几乎不能见任何人。
7. 一片沉寂笼罩着房子，使我充满了忧虑。我们走进敞开的后门时，看到人们站在厨房里。
8. 我手里紧紧地攥着那些诗歌，两个拇指交替地按压着平滑的纸板文件夹。
C
1.hesitant
2. whereabouts
3. segregated
4. tentative
5. click
6. noncommittally
7. intently
8. embitterment
D
1. segregated
2. agitated
3. incredulous
4. noncommittal
5. unrealistic
6. intently
7. hesitant
8. scoffed
E
1. living apart from me
2. riddled with anger
3. understand
4. find out (for yourself)
5. showed signs of nervousness and worry
6. moved slowly along
7. hesitating
8. nasty or vicious parole officer who watched Magpie closely
F
When I learned that Magpie had got the scholarship from a University of California and had the chance to study in a Fine Arts School, I felt very glad for him. I knew he had always wanted to be a poet, and I also knew he had the ability. For him, this was really a very good chance. So I returned to Crow Creek, hoping to tell him the good news and asking him to fill out some forms. I didn’t find him at his home. His wife said that they had lived apart, and that she only heard that he was in Chamberlain. Then I went to see Salina and asked her to help find Magpie. Salina said Magpie had changed much after he was put in jail, and she thought he was no longer interested in going to white’s universities. But I said Magpie should know the news and decide whether to go or not himself. She agreed and took me to Magpie’s good friend, Elgie. But, when I was finally about to see Magpie, he had already been shot dead by the police.
Lesson Seven Miss Brill
A
1. It was so brilliantly fine—the blue sky powdered with gold. The air was motionless and it was a
little chilly.
2.She loved her fur very, much. She called her for: dear little thing, or little rogue. She felt it was nice to feel it and gave it a good brush. She rubbed the life back into the little dim eyes. She regarded it as a live thing. She talked to it, And she treated it as her company. In a word, she loved it very much.
3. Because the season had begun and Miss Brill was in a good mood.
4. Miss Brill felt disappointed, for she always looked forward to the conversation. She had become really quite ex pert, at listening as though she didn’t listen, at sitting in other people’s lives just for a minute while they talked round her.
5. Miss Brill felt they were odd, silent, still as statues, nearly all old and from the way they stored they’d just come from dark little rooms or even cupboards. They were old and poor people.
6. She most probably was an prostitute. It’s very rude to breathe a big puff of smoke into another person’s face, especially that of a woman. It’s also very rude to walk away while the other person is still talking to you. The fact that the man dared to do both to the woman and the woman was not offended indicated that she most probably was a prostitute. And also from her shabby old hat and from the shabby old color of her hair, her face, and her eyes, we can see that she most probably was an old prostitute.
7. She discovered that it was like a play. She wasn’t only the audience,not only looking on. She was part of the performance. She was on the stage. The discovery made her so joyous.
8. She made a living by teaching a few pupils English and by reading the newspaper to an old man four afternoons a week.
9. Because the boy and the girl looked down upon her and disliked her. The girl laughed at her beloved fur and the boy said to her “Be off with you”. At that moment she felt that she was nothing and she was not worth a cent. So she felt very sad, lonely, and desperate. And she went straight home.
10. When she put the necklet back in its box she heard something crying.
B
1. 尽管天是这样的阳光明媚——湛蓝的天空涂上了金色，点点的光斑就像白葡萄酒泼洒在公共花园里一
一但是布里尔小姐还是很高兴自己戴上了狐狸皮毛围巾。
2. 就像一个人在给家人演奏，如果没有陌生人在场的话，家人并不在意是怎么演奏的。
3. 有时一个蹒跚学步的小不点会突然摇摇摆摆地从树下走到开阔地，停下来，眼睛睁得大大的，突然“扑
通”一声坐到了地上，直到它时髦而做作的妈妈，像只年轻的母鸡，责备着冲过去将他扶起。
4. 乐队似乎也知道她的感受，演奏得更柔、更轻了。而鼓则一遍又—遍地敲着“畜生、畜生”。
5. 那颗垂朽的头颅抬了起来,那双老眼颤抖着闪烁出两点光芒。
6. 她也会加入，她也会，以及那些坐在长凳上的其他的人们——他们将以一种伴唱的形式加入——一种低
低的，几乎没有起伏的声音，那种声音是那么美妙——动人……
7. 如果里面有杏仁，那就像带回家一个小礼物——一份惊喜——一件本来可能不在那儿的东西。
8. 在蛋糕里有杏仁的星期天，她会匆匆回家，兴致勃勃地划亮火柴去找水壶。
C
1. dabbed
2. flapping
3. splashing
4. (had) scraped
5. get used to
6. stroke
7. drifting
8. rescued
D
1. used to
2. splash
3. waved
4. swooped
5. rescue
6. rubbing
7. scrubbed
8. made a point
E
1. ...she had decided to wear her fur.
2. And she’d talked all the time...
3. ...in accordance with the time of music, bumped against four girls walking side by side, and almost fell.
4. ...she thought it was very important and necessary for her to leave home...
5. Why doesn’t she stay at home?
6. ...Sunday delight
7. ...on Sundays when the cake had an almond in it.
8. ...she walked past the backer’s and paid no attention to it.
F
Miss Brill was an Englishwoman who lived in a seaside city in France. She was old and poor. She went to the park on every Sunday afternoon. She always sat on the same bench, listening to other people’s chat while they talked around her, or watching other people’s lives unfold before her eyes. That Sunday afternoon, she suddenly had a feeling. She felt that she was part of the company, that the life was like a play, and that she had a part in it. At that moment, loneliness began to leave her.
But just at that time, she heard a young couple talking about her with contempt. And the young man even ordered her to go away. The transient happiness vanished. She went home with a broken heart.
Lesson Eight A Lesson in Living
A
1. No, she didn’t.
2.Because she wanted to help Marguerite. She told Marguerite the importance of language and encouraged her to talk; and she gave Marguerite some books and told her to read them aloud.
3. She told Marguerite that she “must always be intolerant of ignorance but understanding of illiteracy.” She encouraged Marguerite to learn mother wit. Then she read to Marguerite A Tale of Two Cities so beautifully that Marguerite felt the beauty of the human voice.
4. Ignorance, which is the result from not trying to learn, is intolerable; but illiteracy, which is a result from poverty, is understandable.
5. Yes, she was. Her problem was that the teachers found it hard to get her to talk in class.
6. No, she wasn’t born quiet. Because the unfortunate happening in St. Louis, she thought she was sinful and dirty, and she was obsessed by the incident and remained quiet, feeling that she was neither forgive nor understood.
7. Because Mrs. Flowers wanted to get Marguerite to talk.
8. Mrs. Flowers made Marguerite realize the beauty of language and the wisdom of Negroes. This encouraged her a lot in her later life.
9. In the child’s eyes, Mrs. Flowers was a perfect woman. She was the measure of human beings.
10. No, they weren’t equal in the town of Stamps.
B
1. 她的黑色的皮肤美丽而细腻，好像划一下，就会像李子一样脱皮。
2. 要是换了跟她一样健康、一样年龄的另一位黑人妇女，就会用一只手把那些纸袋拿回家。
3. 费劳尔斯太太走在前面，边甩胳膊边石头上挑着路走。
4. 词的含义不止写在纸上那些。
5. 要用人的声音给词语注入更深层的意思。
6. 她建议我用尽可能多的声调来说同一句话。
7. 我突然意识到她在等我回答。
8. 几代人的集体智慧就在那些朴实的谚语中得以表达。
C
1. ruffled
2. singled out
3. let alone
4. infused
5. memorize
6. the measure of
7. intolerant
8. cascade
D
1. memorize
2. Intolerant
3. infuse
4. common
5. intimate
6. occurred
7. respectful
8. separate
E
1. first helped me get out of the obsession by the incident in St. Louis and encouraged me to change back to my former self (to start a new life).
2. fill; pour/put (the shades of deeper meaning) into
3. was necessarily true
4. The realization that I was liked made a lot of difference/was very important.
5. came into my mind
6. chosen or selected me
7. like;
F
Man created language and made it a tool of communication with his fellow being. One of the differences between the oral and the written forms of language is that the oral form can infuse words with subtle shades of meaning through the human voice. Mrs. Flowers was nearly singing when she read A Tale of Two Cities. It was wonderful. Her reading helped me to see the magic powers of language. Mrs. Flowers gave me novels and books of poems. I learned from these books the value of life, and realized how beautiful the language of literary works was.
Lesson Nine The Trouble with Television
A
1. Because Americans spend a lot of time watching TV. On the average, by the age of 20 they will have been exposed to at least 20,000 hours of televisions.
2.He could have got a bachelor’s degree, learned enough to become an astronomer or an engineer or have learned several languages fluently.
3. A lot of television usurps one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it; it sells people instant gratification; it helps people kill time.
4. Because the best way to avoid losing the attention of the audience is to keep everything brief, to provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action, and movement. Time allotted to each program must be short so as not to strain people’s attention.
5. He thinks TV news results in inefficient communication. It makes things ultimately boring and dismissable.
6. Because television tends to cultivate the following assumptions: that complexity must be avoided, that visual stimulation is a substitute for thought, that accuracy in words is out of date.
7. Because everything has become more complex, not less, and human problems usually have no neat resolutions. But TV sells neat resolutions to human problems.
8.To encourage people to look at TV skeptically and critically so as to find and resist the adverse influence of television.
B
1. 美国人做的比看电视更多的事就只是工作和睡觉。
2. 生活中几乎任何有趣的、值得做的事都要求积极地、不断地付出努力。
3. 我们中最迟钝、最美天赋的人所能做到的事对于那些从不专注于任何事的人来说也如同奇迹。
4. 就像快餐一样，速成的思想是接触快节奏生活的、浮躁的公众的方法。这种想法已经变得很时髦。
5. 这或许过时了，可我所受的教育却是，思想是由符合语法规则、精确排列的词的表达。
6. 我不会过分简单地把这说成是电视造成的，但是我相信电视起了作用，产生了一定的影响。
7. 以前什么时候，几乎整个民族会把自己完全交给媒介任其摆布呢？
8. 如果我错了，那么抱着怀疑的态度、用批判的眼光看一下这个问题，思考一下如何才能抵制这种影响，
也不会造成任何危害。
C
1. exposed
2. diverts
3. evade
4. Statistically speaking
5. anachronism
6. stimulus
7. novelty
8. in place
D
1. divided
2. mysterious
3. obtainable
4. prominent
4. enhance 6. dismissible 7. company 8. reverse
E
1. have to follow different programs because programs are constantly changing
2. deprives human of its most important ability to focus attention actively
3. deprives human of its most important ability to focus attention actively
4. the not well-considered ideas spread by television
5. respectable forefathers of video
6. the technique used in television programming destroys coherence
7. I wouldn’t be so simple-minded as to think
8. The ability to read and write may not be an indispensable right for human.
F
Man has a very short attention span. Therefore, in order to capture the viewers’attention, television must provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. This results in inefficient communication because news is too brief; a lot of news programs are like “machine-gunning with scrap” and break coherence of thought. The appeal to the short attention span is decivilizing as well. To avoid complexity is to sacrifice thought. Among adult Americans, the number of “functionally illiterate” people is increasing. They even don’t know how to answer the want ad and they don’t understand the instructions on a medicine bottle. Television at least partly contributes to the cause.
Lesson Ten The Tenth Man
A
1. It took place in the cell at 3:00 the next afternoon.
2. They were killed.
3. They decided to shoot one man in every ten in the camp.
4. No, no one did.
5. They finally agreed to draw lots.
6. Voisin, Lenotre, and Chavel got the death draws.
7. Voisin got it and gazed at it with astonishment. He sat down and felt for a cigarette, but forgot to light it. Lenotre tried to be humorous, made a thin undecided smile, sat down against the wall and began to write a letter carefully. Chavel, after he got the death slip, threw it upon the ground, cried, “You can’t make me die for the rest of you.” And then offered a hundred thousand francs to anyone who would die for him.
8. He was willing to give 100,000 francs to anyone who would take the death slip.
B
1. 他突然开口说话了，想借此给人一种他很有威慑力的印象，而他并不具备这种威慑。
2. 职员做好了纸签，为此他牺牲（撕）了一封家信。
3. 他们在地上把这些纸片混到一块，然后把它们丢进鞋里。
4. 一个人不应表现出任何解脱之象来嘲笑抽中死签的人。
5. 当第十个人抽过签时，一种怨愤感使他心中烦恼不安。
6. 这次即使那捉摸不定的可能性又恢复到对他非常有利的十五比一，查维尔也没感到高兴。
7. 从那一刻起，抽中死签的可能性就可怕地、不可避免地向查维尔靠近。
8. 他从鞋子里抽出一个，又感觉这个签肯定是他的同伴们执意强加给他的，上面有铅笔划的十字，他就把
它扔回去，又抓了另一张。
C
1. deluding
2. odds
3. sums up
4. implored
5. compassionate
6. undone
7. daunted
8. beforehand
D
1. allotment
2. contemptuous
3. even
4. legible
5. shameful
6. abrupt
7. grievances
8. daunted
E
1. We German soldiers and officers
2. Don’t care which three of you will die
3. Families to take care of: duties
4. (We are) not doing it in the right way
5. The last chance for some of us to draw lots because they will die tomorrow morning
6. Associate what he did with lack of courage or with fear
7. Think that his actions were caused by cowardice
F
One night, two German soldiers were killed by Frenchmen. The next day, a German officer said to 30 French prisoners:” My order is that you select one man in every ten in this camp to be shot tomorrow, That is to say, three of you thirty people will die tomorrow. As for which three, we don’t care. It’s up to you to decide.”
A heated discussion began among the prisoners about who should be the ones to die. One prisoner said the oldest should be the first. It was law of nature. Another one said the unmarried should die first because they had no responsibilities. Finally, all of them agreed to draw lots to decide which three were to die. A rich lawyer, unfortunately, got one of the death lots. He implored:” I’ll give 100,000 francs to anyone who will die for me.”
Lesson Eleven On Getting Off to Sleep
A
1. The author thinks that humor is the saving grace of us human beings; without it we should die of vexation.
2. Yes. Most people he knows have no difficulty in getting off to sleep.
3. No. he has great trouble going to sleep.
4. No, he doesn’t. Some people have iron wills. They could lie down and plunge themselves immediately into deep sleep. But the author thinks it is bad to fall asleep this way, because the author thinks that it would be very uncomfortable to live with such people and no one would argue with them.
5. No. Those “as soon as my head touches the pillow” fellows, according to the author, must lack human sympathy or depth, and there is something inhuman, something callous and almost bovine in their practice.
6. With the author, nothing illustrates the contrariness of things better than the matter of sleep.
7. When he lies between the sheets at a late hour, he can do anything but sleep.
8. The best way of inducing sleep is to evoke the phantom of a crushing, stupendous bore. By evoking the phantom he can fall asleep quickly.
B
1. 人是很多矛盾的集合体！
2.我们的思想与头脑中的影响是非常有形的东西。
3.过去我常常带着惊叹阅读那些吹捧好战的超人的故事。
4.人工催眠的方法很多，他们仅在一点上相同，即都无效。
5.当她的脑子对这种单调的生活变得厌烦时，睡眠就会拉开帷幕。
6.她最喜欢的方法就是想象墙上有一幅没有挂好的画，然后想着去扶正它。
7.但我还未完全放弃寻找某种加快入睡的方法。
8.今夜，我将不再做诸如数跳羊和挂正歪画等的毫无价值的想象。
C
1. clenched
2. refreshed
3. straighten
4. remonstrated
5. of no avail
6. eventful
7. meditated
8. inhuman
D
1. contradiction
2. dim
3. tormented
4. induces
5. meditated
6. literal
7. imaginary
8. crooked
E
1. the opposite fact, event or situation in things
2. I continued to write without enthusiasm or effort
3. constant or frequent change of moods in a playful manner
4. come into the mind in a hurrying, disorderly manner
5. coming, appearance
6. much affected by the fables (keeping these stories in the depth of my heart), I would determine to do the same thing or behave in the same way.
7. make a protest, argue in protest
8. falling asleep quickly
F
Some people fall asleep as soon as their heads touch the pillow, while other people can not fall asleep though they have been lying in bed for several hours. The more he wants to sleep, the more wakeful he is. I belong to the latter. When I write an article, I feel an overpowering desire foe sleep. But when I get to bed, I can do anything but sleep. I can compose great symphonies, paint magnificent pictures, and write very good essays. The artificial ways of inducing sleep are legion,
but they are only alike in their ineffectuality. When I can’t go to sleep at night, I imagine a dialogue with a friend till I either laugh or fall asleep. I find this is a good way of hastening the approach of sleep.
Lesson Twelve Why I Write
A
1. He wanted to write enormous naturalistic novels with unhappy endings, full of detailed
description and arresting similes, and also full of purple passages.
2. According to George Orwell, the dour great motives for writing are: sheer egoism, aesthetic
enthusiasm, historical impulse and political purpose.
3. Orwell’s political stand was against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism.
4. He thinks the more one is conscious of one’s political bias, the more chance one has of acting
politically without sacrificing one’s aesthetic and intellectual integrity.
5. He worked in an unsuitable profession in Burma for five years, which gave him some
understanding of the nature of the imperialism. He underwent poverty and the sense of failure, which increased his natural hatred for authority and made him fully aware of the existence of the working classes. And Hitler, the Spanish Civil War and other events in 1936-1937 helped him shape his political orientation.
6. No, he didn’t. he finds that by the time you have perfected any style of writing, you have
always outgrow it.
7. He thought purple passages were sentences without meaning and decorative adjectives.
8. Yes. It’s the right direction.
B
1. 我很快形成不讨人喜欢的癖性，这使我在整个学生时期都不受人欢迎。
2. 作为一个小孩，我常常把自己想象成令人激动的冒险故事的主角。
3. 一缕金黄色的阳光透过平纹薄棉布窗帘，斜射在桌子上。
4. 他写作的主题是由他生活的时代所决定的。
5. 我认为有四种写作动机，只是对写散文来说是这样。
6. 认为艺术应当与政治无关的观点本身就是一种政治态度。
7. 这更加深了我对当局的本能的憎恨，我第一次充分认识到了工人阶级的存在。
8. 1936年至1937年发生的西班牙战争和其他一些事件起了决定作用，从那以后我就明确了自己的立场。C
1. effaced
2. slant
3. outgrow
4. perverse
5. shivering
6. outweighs
7. reconciled
8. undervalued
D
1. immature
2. fluctuated
3. force
4. reconciled
5. downright
6. simile
7. shivers
8. readable
E
1. unpleasant (displeasing) personality (habit of doing things)
2. people imagined in the mind, not real people
3. the usual kind of writings
4. attract listeners
5. those most respected in society (the top class of society)
6. preserve (keep) them for the future use of our descendants
7. requirement of the party
8. knew by chance
F
As a very small child, I made up my mind to become a writer in the future. After I became a writer, what I most wanted to do was to make political writing into artistic creation. The opinion that art should have nothing to do with politics is wrong. Writing is exposing lies, defending truth as well as an aesthetic experience. Animal Farm was the book in which I tried to fuse a political purpose with an artistic goal. Writing should serve the society and the public. This the principle I must follow. If a writer lacks political purpose, he could write nothing more than purple passages, even humbug generally.
Lesson Thirteen Work
A
1. According to the author, there are two advantages. First, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Second, it gives chances of success and opportunities for ambition.
2. First, most people, when they are left free to fill their own time by their own choice, they are at
a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing. Second, whatever they decide on, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter. Third, to be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and at present very few people have reached this level. And moreover the exercise of choice is in itself tiresome.
3. Idleness. Because it is difficult to fill leisure wholly satisfactorily.
4. The domesticated wife does not receive wages, has no means of bettering herself, is taken for granted by her husband, and is valued by him not for her housework but for quite other qualities.
5. Any skilled work can offer continuous pleasure to the worker if only the skill required is either variable or capable of indefinite improvement.
6. In construction the initial state of affairs is comparatively haphazard while the final state of affairs embodies a purpose. In destruction the initial state of affairs embodies a purpose, while the final state of affairs is haphazard, that is to say, all that is intended by the destroyer is to produce a state of affairs which does not embody a certain purpose.
7. Construction.
8. The exercise of skill and constructiveness.
B
1. 能够明智地填满闲暇时间是人类文明的最高产物，目前很少有人达到这一水平。
2. 所以，首先工作作为一种预防无聊的东西，是值得向往的。因为，当一个人做着必要的，尽管是无趣的
工作时所感到的无聊与他整日无所事事所感到的无聊相比根本不算什么。
3. 无论工作多么枯燥，只要它是建立好名声的手段，不管是在世界范围内还是在自己的小圈子里，就都变
得可以忍受了。
4. 家庭主妇没有薪水，也没有提高自己的办法，丈夫对她习以为常，认为她理应如此，而且在评价她时不
以家务劳动而以其他品质为标准。
5. 律师或政治家的工作中，一定包含了大量的了乐趣，一种以更令人愉快的形式出现的、可以从打桥牌中
获取的乐趣。
6. 我可以想象一位有才干的外科医生能从自己精确细致的手术中获得满足，尽管做手术的环境令人讨厌。
7. 所幸的是，有相当一部分工作在新环境中还需要新技能，而且个人不管怎样也可以不断提高，知道中年。
8. 在建造一座大楼时一个预先制订好的计划得到实施，而当拆掉它时，却没有人决定拆除后具体应该怎样
放置材料。
C
1. by means of
2. actuated
3. taken for granted
4. outwit
5. irked
6. by no means
7. procure
8. literally
D
1. desirable
2. is apt
3. literal
4. variable
5. provided
6. pretenses
7. requires
8. kill
E
1. ...work which is extremely tiresome; extra, addition
2. ...by going after the large animals such as elephants, lions, tigers...
3. ...is determined / judged by the money one makes…
4. ...may be put in order from lowest to highest according to the degrees of interest they possess.
5. ...this competitive feature is missing...
6. ...in this aspect...; so far as this is concerned
7. ...it’s never fully completed and there is always something one can do to make it better.
8. ...reaching a stage from which further progress appears impossible
F
Russell, first and foremost, considers the commonest function of work, namely as a preventive of boredom. He believes that even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness. And then he talks about how work can provide the possibility for people to realize their self-value. Man as a member of society hopes to procure greater and greater social achievements. He points out that most women can’t fortunately work outside the home, and are consequently deprived of such opportunity.
It seems that different work can offer people different satisfaction. Russell has studied the two chief elements associated with satisfaction: the exercise of skill and constructiveness of work. In analyzing the latter, Russell finds an occasion to show his deep-seated hatred towards war and social violence.
Lesson Fourteen I Would Like to Tell You Something
A
1. Over 150 honorably discharged veterans took part in the investigation.
2.They told about the war crimes committed in Indochina at the investigation.
3. The purpose of it was to prove that the policy of United States in Indochina is equal to genocide and the American government should be responsible for the war crimes.
4. According to the author, the American government should be held responsible for the war crimes. I agree with him.
5. The author wanted the writer to write about the war crimes committed by America in Vietnam, which were what the American people should hear.
6. Because the chairman thought one could not market war crimes and he thought what was happening in Vietnam was not well at all.
7. The soldiers were presented with a poster in their barracks of a crucified Vietnamese and underneath it says, “Kill the gooks.” During training, calisthenics were done to a four-count, and at the end of the four-count everybody jumped up and yelled “Kill!”.
8. The following made the author say that Agnew’s statement was a distortion: first, the Vietnam veterans did not consider themselves to be the “best men” in the country; second, the people
Agnew called misfits were supporting the Vietnam veterans in a way nobody else in the country dared to; third, many soldiers who died would have come back to join the misfits; fourth, many soldiers have actually returned to the country to demand an immediate withdrawal from Vietnam.
9. Many of them were unemployed and received little if any care after they were back in US.
10. The Vietnam war is a great disaster and people should rise against the war. The tragedy starts from the policy carried out by the American government.
B
1. 150多个光荣退伍的老兵，其中许多人功勋卓著，证明了美军在印度支那犯下的罪行。
2. 调查会没有公开进行，因此老兵们可以敞开心扉，坦白自己的战争罪行或清除心灵上的负罪感。
3. 所有纵容这种灭绝人性、惨绝人寰的惨剧发生的国人都难辞其咎。
4.如果你不报道战争，杂志就卖不出去；杂志卖不出去，美国人就会认为什么事也没有发生。美国就这样。
5. 但这个国家不知道的是美利坚已制造了几百万战争恶魔，他们在战争中学会用暴力来解决一切，他们也
得到了一次为历史上最大的无谓之举而战死的机会。
6. 现在为了使越南战争越南化，许多美国人正在丧失生命，而我们被告知只能静静地旁观，这是一种多么
令人难以置信的骄傲自大。
7. 老兵的问题不会随着其愤怒的平息而得到解决。
8. 然后突然有一天他在越南幡然醒悟，他现在对越南人民做的正是他的民族所遭受过的一切，但美国政府
已使他对这样的事情司空见惯，并为之欢呼喝彩。
C
1. accreditation
2. was tantamount
3. differentiation
4. arrogance
5. glamorizing
6. indignation
7. distortion
8. rationalized
D
1. squanders
2. transcript
3. indignation
4. purge
5. protect
6. dormant
7. distortion
8. praised
E
1. person who had had much or long experience esp. as a soldier
2. put to death by nailing or binding to a cross
3. to be submitting to a challenge or an insult without protest
4. instilled into
5. were supporting; were defending
6. made sb. responsible for it all
7. to be intensified into; to be developed into
8. an essential part of
F
John Kerry was a Vietnam veteran and took part in the investigation held in Detroit in December 1970. He thought that the veterans participated in it not just to spill out their hearts or purge their souls. It was American government, not just the individual soldier, that should be responsible for the war crimes. He hoped to evoke the sense of responsibility of American people by this article. He criticized the insensitivity of American people of all walks and pointed out the hypocrisy of American policy. He revealed the tragic situation of Vietnam veterans: racial discrimination, drug addiction, unemployment of good medical dare and so on. At the end he told the readers that members of Vietnam Veterans against the War would march on Washington and Capitol. Their chief demand would be that the American government set a date for withdrawal of
troops from Vietnam; otherwise, they would camp and stay there wouldn’t leave until their demand was met.
Lesson Fifteen The Beauty Industry
A
1. One hundred and fifty-six million pounds.
2. Because he had imagined, that the personal appearance business must stand high up among the champions of American industry and much more money must have been spent.
3. Europe is poor, and a face can cost as much in upkeep as a Rolls-Royce. The most that the majority of European women can do is just to wash and hope for the best.
4. The diffusion of wealth is not the only cause for the increase on the spending on cosmetics. If it were then the personal appearance industries would have been as hardly hit by the trade depression as any other business. But the fact is that they have not suffered. Women are retrenching on other things than their faces. This indicates that some other factors are at work.
5. We concede that the Marton is morally justified in being preoccupied with her personal appearance. For we have now come to admit that the body has its rights. And not only rights—duties, actually duties. It has, for example, a duty to do the best it can for itself in the way of strength and beauty. Christian-ascetic ideas no longer trouble us. We demand justice for the body as well as for the soul.
6. First, more women retain their youthful appearance to a greater age than in the past. Second, the campaign for more beauty is also a campaign for more health.
7. Human beauty is not skin deep, because the surface of the human vessel is affected by the nature of its spiritual contents.
8. Human beings can achieve real beauty only when the social arrangements give every human being an opportunity to live completely and harmoniously, and when there is no environmental incentive and no hereditary tendency towards monomaniacal vice.
B
1. 欧洲贫穷，一位妇女在美容方面的消费跟保养一辆劳斯莱斯牌轿车的花费差不多。
2. 人们对美貌的狂热崇拜肯定反映了在经济领域之外发生的变化。
3. 如果她们并非没有她们的祖母那样贞淑，那她们至少有权看起来不那么贞淑。
4. 比如说，它（身体）有责任尽其所能地显示力量和美。
5. 从更多的妇女能比过去更长久地保持青春的容颜这一点上看，美容热就是成功的。
6．只要这场追求美的运动也是为了增进健康，它就值得称赞，在某种意义上也是真正的成功。
7. 当那幸福的时刻到来时，每位女士，不管是否借助于整容和化学制品，能否都如她的自然面貌所允许的那样美呢？
8. 更常见却同样令人生厌的是冷漠，这种冷漠毁坏了许多漂亮的面孔。
C
1. upkeep
2. simulate
3. listless
4. preoccupied
5. diffusion
6. expend
7. indistinguishable
8. ineffectual
D
1. instinctively
2. occupied
3. indistinguishable
4. intrinsic
5. As long as
6. imitating
7. affect
8. reserve
E
1. hope that they will become beautiful
2. conspicuous effects in advertisements
3. give care, thought, etc. to
4. severely strict and frightening face
5. Some do so well in mimicking the symptoms of health that they sometimes are regarded as real.
6. ...will surely be put into general practice sooner or later.
7. The content does not affect its beauty or ugliness.
8. in the eye of the porcelain specialist (from the viewpoint of the porcelain specialist)
F
The author first points out that American and European women spend large sums of money on cosmetics to appear younger and more beautiful. Unlike the people of the 19th century, people now no longer believe that only the less virtuous women use cosmetics. What the author is worried about is that women pay attention only to their appearance and ignore the necessity to overcome their spiritual ugliness. He believes that human beings will be really beautiful only when they are given an opportunity to live harmoniously. But he doesn’t think such a goal will be achieved.
Lesson Sixteen A Job Interview
A
1. Because the firm could find nothing it disliked about him after the senior partner studied the resume for the hundredth time. He was the top and only choice for the year.
2.He came to the interview out of curiosity and he longed for warmer weather.
3. 1) The interview was held in a hotel room. 2) Because the firm didn’t advertise openings and solicit applications. It was a small firm. It kept a low profile and did things differently.
4. 1) He was told it was a tax firm. It also did securities, real estate and banking, but eighty percent was tax work. 2) No, he wasn’t.
5. He was told to have something similar to a two-year apprenticeship. During these two years he would be sent all over the country to tax seminars. And he would also do a lot of research work.
6. For the first year, he would have a base salary of eighty thousand plus bonuses. The second year eighty-five plus bonuses, He would also have a low-interest mortgage, two country club memberships and a new BMW.
7. If he joined the firm and put in ten hard years, he would become a partner in ten years. And if he put in ten more years, he would become a millionaire at the age of forty-five.
8. There were still some other kinds of business done by the company, such as securities, real estate and banking. The firm took only rich clients—corporations, banks and wealthy people. They developed a specialty in international taxation and dealt only with people who paid.
9. Yes, he did.
B
1. 他聪明，有抱负，并且英俊。
2. 除了别的情况，他们还了解到现在有三家公司愿意雇他，两个在纽约，一个在芝加哥。
3. 已经有全国最有声望的三家公司同意雇他，他不需要这次面试，不需要这家公司。
4. 他从来都没见过拉玛·奎因，也不知道谁会代表公司出面进行面试。
5. 这就意味着他们的谈话已到了由接受面试的人提出一两个明智的问题的时候了。
6. 我们会派你到全国各地参加有关税务的研讨会。
7. 他读过公司所有41名律师的生平简介,就在一瞬间他回忆起拉玛·奎因曾就读于堪萨斯州立大学。
8. 我们的合伙人一年赚50万美元是很平常的事，大多数在45岁以前就退休了。
C
初中英语阅读课说课稿
英语阅读课说课稿 ,Good morning, everyone. I’m very pleased to have a chance to talk about some of my teaching ideas. The topic of this unit is---- The students will learn ------ 1. First , I will talk about my understanding of this unit. This Unit is talking about-----. Most students are interested in the topic. I will lead the students to use their imagination and encourage them to be creative.This lesson is the last period of Unit--, It’s a reading lesson. 2.Second ,I'll talk about the students. The students of Grade 8 are very active. They have strong thirst for knowledge and like to be challenged. 3.Then I'll talk about teaching aims: (1). Knowledge aims: To learn the vocabularies phrases and target languages. (2). Ability aims: To develop students’ reading listening speaking and writing abilities;To train the students’ ability of working in pairs. (3). Emotion aims: To encourage students to be brave to speak English. Training the competition and cooperation. Build up
初中英语演讲稿范文带翻译【一】:初中生英语演讲稿 treasure of life 生命的财富 i am a rich girl, because i have a lot of treasure. 我是一个富有的女孩，因为 我拥有着许多的财富。 friends are my treasures. whenever i am sad and down, i know they would hold my hands and warm my heart. they show me how amazing the friendship is. 朋友是我的财富。当我伤心或者低落的时候，我知道他们会握着我的手并温暖我的心。 他们告诉我友谊有多么美好。 families are also my treasures. whether time find us far apart or it keeps us close together, they are always standing by my side. they tell me how wonderful to be loved by people you love. 家人也是我的财富。无论时间将我们分开或者让我们靠得更紧，他们总是陪伴着我。他 们让我知道被自己所爱的人爱着的美妙。 experience is my treasure. whatever good or bad situation i have to face, it would show me the right way. it helps me to know more about life. 经历是我的财富。无论我将面对的是好还是坏，它总是指引给我正确的方向。它帮助我 更多地理解生活。 i believe i will be richer in the future., because the way of life is just like a journey of finding treasure .you never know when and where you can find them. you just keep going and they will be found in some time at some place. i will cherish what i have had and keep finding with my curiosity and passion . 我相信我在将来的日子里会变得更加富有，因为生命之路就像一段寻宝的路途。你不知 道何时何地你们找到他们。你只需u停下脚步，便能在某事某地找到他们。我将珍惜现 在所 有，并满怀好奇心和热情去追寻。
英语新授课导入的几种方法 山东省滕州市姜屯中学英语组张亚楠 常言道：“良好的开端是成功的一半”，好的导课如同序幕，预示着后面的高潮和结局；如同路标，引导着学生的思维方向。导课的教育功能表现在激发起学生的认识兴趣和情感，启发和诱导学生的思维，让学生在最短的时间进入到课堂教学的最佳状态中去。因此，可以这么说：一节课的导入很大程度上决定着这节课的质量。下面是本人结合十几年的教学实践以及英语学科的特点，介绍几种常见的导入方法。 一．复习旧知导入法。英语作为一门语言学科，它的前后知识之间组成了一个体系。因此各知识点之间有一定的联系，在学习新知识时，先从学生已有的知识出发，把前面学过的与本课有关的知识复习一下，这样既能起到复习旧知识的作用，有进一步学习做好了知识准备。 例如，在导入初三Unit 10 By the time I got outside,the bus had already left.第一课时时，可以先通过几遍练习现在完成时的句子，为学习本节课的重点“过去完成时”做好了准备。 二．音乐导入法。在开始上课时，放点音乐，这些音乐有的是为了营造学习氛围，活跃课堂气氛；有的与主题有关，皆在引入正题。音乐欣赏营造了浓厚的氛围，有利于课堂教学的开展。 例如，讲初一下Unit 3 What animals do you like?我播放的是富有童趣的Flash 歌曲——Old Mac Donald Had a Farm，并问学生：What animals can you see on the farm?Flash 歌曲节奏明快活泼，学生很喜欢。歌曲既让学生欣赏了各种动物，复习了动物类的单词，更给本节课的基调做了一个更深层的铺垫：人与动物是朋友的关系。达到了很好的效果。再如讲初一下学期Unit 9的一般过去时。上课一开始，我先播放英文歌曲《Yestreday once more》并把歌词里的过去时挖空，让学生尝试填写。 如When I ____ young I’d listen to the radio ，waitting for my favorite songs。 When they ____ I’d sing along。It made me smile。 Those ____ such happy times and not so long ago。 由于歌曲旋律优美，富有现代感，学生对此极感兴趣，课堂气氛马上活跃起来。 三.实物导入法。以实物进行教学，能马上导入课文，还能抓住学生的好奇心理，引人入胜。如讲授人体五官时，我拿一个doll,学生们眼前一亮，马上进入了热烈的课堂的气氛。What’this? What’that?的提问方式分别引出一系列等人体部分的单词，同时板书这些单词，进而一一扩展，学生们很快记住了这些单词。 四.游戏导入法。根据初中生活泼好动，爱玩的特点，设计与新科材有关的游戏，使他们轻松的接授新知识。例如，讲授方位和位置的表达，可以采用按要求画画的游戏：叫一个善于画画的学生在黑板上按老师的指示画出物体，让其他学生了解方向的基本表达，然后我出示一张自制“藏宝图”，要求以小组之间的竞争的方式猜测方位。这种学生喜闻乐见的游戏式导入，适用于打电话，看病，购物等场景性很强的课文教学。 五．图片导入法。图片色彩鲜艳，表现力强，图片式导入，有助于理解和记忆，给课堂增添生动活泼的气氛，使学生以轻松愉快的心情接受知识。如教学“形容词比较等级时”可以那出三幅同一题材的图片进行比较。在学完课文后，以图片为线索，让学生看图说话，这样可作为提示既能降低课文的难度，有能减轻学生的心理负担。 六．背景知识导入法。这种方法多用于故事题材的课文教学。教师可事先通过各种途径（如看报纸杂志，上网等）找到关联词的材料或背景知识。把他们制成幻灯片，或以关键词
各位老师好： 今天我说课的课题是《XXX》。下面我对本课题进行分析： 一、说教材（地位与作用） 《XXX》是人教版必修教材第XX单元第XX个课题。在此之前，学生们已经学习了XX，这为过度到本课题的学习起到了铺垫的作用。因此，本课题的理论、知识是学好以后课题的基础，它在整个教材中起着承上启下的作用。 二、说教学目标 根据本教材的结构和内容分析，结合着XX年级学生他们的认知结构及其心理特征，我制定了以下的教学目标： 1. 知识与技能目标 2. 过程与方法目标 3. 情感与价值观目标 三、说教学的重难点 本着XXX新课程标准，在吃透教材基础上，我确定了以下教学重点和难点。 教学重点：重点的依据是只有掌握了，才能理解和掌握。 教学难点：难点的依据是较抽象，学生没有这方面的基础知识。 四、说教法。 我们都知道XX是一门培养人的XXX能力的更要学科。考虑到XX年级学生的现状，我主要采取设置情景教学法，让学生积极主动地参与到教学活动中来，使他们在活动中得到认识和体验。引导学生主动去发现周边的客观事物，教师应该通过课堂教学感染和激励学生，调动起学生参与活动的积极性，激发学生的兴趣，从而达到最佳的教学效果。基于本课题的特点，我主要采用了以下的教学方法： 1. 直观演示法：利用图片等手段进行直观演示，激发学生的学习兴趣，活跃课堂气氛。 2. 活动探究法：引导学生通过创设情景等活动形式获取知识，以学生为主体，使学生的独立探索性得到了充分的发挥。 3. 集体讨论法：针对学生提出的问题，组织学生进行集体和分组语境讨论，促使学生在学习中解决问题，培养学生团结协作 的精神。 五、说学法 六、说教学过程 在这节课的教学过程中，我注重突出重点，条理清晰，紧凑合理，各项活动的安排也注重互动、交流，最大限度的调动学生参与课堂的积极性、主动性。 1. 导入新课：（2~3分钟） 由上节课的知识和教材开头的情景设置导入新课。导语设计的依据：一是概括了旧知识，引出新知识，温故而知新，使学生的未知欲望。 2. 讲授新课：（35分钟） 在讲授新课的过程中，我突出教材的重点，明了地分析教材的难点。还根据教材的特点，学生的实际、教师的特长，以及教学设备的情况，我选择了多媒体的教学手段。这些教学手段的运用可以使抽象的知识具体化，枯燥的知识生动 化，乏味的知识兴趣华。 3. 课堂小结：（2~3分钟） 课堂小结的目的是强化认识，可以把课堂传授的知识尽快地转化为学生的东西；简单扼要的课堂小结，可使学生更深刻地理解XXX在实际生活中的应用。 4. 板书设计： 我比较注重直观地、系统的板书设计，并及时地体现教材中的知识点，以便于学生能够理解掌握。我的板书设计是： 5. 布置作业。 针对XX年级学生素质的差异，我进行了分层训练，这样做既可以使学生掌握基础知识，又可以使学有余力的学生有所提高，我布置的课堂作业是：XXX 八、结束语 各位领导、老师们，本节课我根据XX年级学生的心理特征及其认知规律，采用直观教学和活动探究的教学方法，以‘教师为主导，学生为主体’，教师的“导”立足于学生的“学”，以学法为重心，让学生自主探索的学习，主动地参与到知识形成的整个思维过程，力求使学生在积极、愉快的课堂气氛中提高自己的认识水平，从而达到预期的教学效果。我的说课完
九年级人教版Unit9 sectionB 第二课时 英语阅读课说课稿 景县杜桥镇中学曹秋悦 各位老师们，大家好。很高兴跟大家一起分享我的说课。这是九年级人教版Unit9 sectionB中的文章 Sad but beautiful .我先说一下我的教学特点，在二十多年的英语从教过程中，虽然说不上成熟，但是也有了自己的教学风格。尤其是在近几年的新课堂改革中，我充分认识到：确实应该把主动权交给学生，让他们去张扬自己的个性，释放自己的激情。 教学设计：本教学设计完全体现了新的教学理念，注重课堂实效性，注重教学梯度的设计，循序渐进地去引领学生，达到润物细无声的效果。注重学生的“三度”：学生参与度，知识的深度和广度。关注学生学习英语的能力发展，潜移默化地渗透教学策略，教会学生怎样学习，变被动学习为主动学习。 教学思路：本节课是九年级第九单元的一节阅读课，思路依据新课程理念，并以此为指导思想，突出学生合作能力培养，突出语言能力培养，注重以学生为中心，注重知识、技能同步发展。采用任务型与交互式教学。提高他们的积极性，开发他们的智力与潜能。在掌握课文大意的基础上，掌握具体细节的应用。由完成当前的任务从而获取新的知识、技能，采用真实的任务让学生进行语言练习，在自然、和谐的教学环境中完成对语言目标的学习与掌握。 教材分析：本课是一节阅读课，注重听、说、写的能力，让学生
课前对本课的重要单词、短语进行了预先学习，所以本节课只是对文章的大意和细节进行逐层的剖析，达到语言输出的目的。培养学生的阅读的能力，注重阅读策略，形成一个完整的阅读体系，培养扎实达到阅读能力。 学情分析：本班学生组班三个月了，逐渐形成了的良好的学习习惯，但是，大部分学生缺乏自信心，本课从这方面入手，组织教学，从而提高他们的自信心，达到合作探究，小组共同进步的目的。 教学流程：本节课主要讲的是以“music”为话题的阅读文，所以我以一首他们学唱过的英文歌导课，进而引出;folk music，通过听音乐，听一首民间音乐，引出课文，一篇凄美的文章呈现在面前。然后，以任务型为教学主线，由”fast reading ___careful readig____post reading 为线索。每个环节设计不同层次的任务，由易到难，逐层深入，让学生进行语言方面的练习。最后设计开放性练习，进一步锻炼学生的语言能力的发展。最后让学生用自己的话来复述文章，达到灵活掌握语言目标的目的，更加对语言的输出做了一个更高水平的升华。最后提出文章的思想含义，教育学生When life is a hard game ,don’t give up .从而达到情感、态度、价值观的高度统一。 谢谢大家的倾听，请多提宝贵意见。
初中英语高效课堂教学模式 按照《中学英语新课程标准》的要求：“教师要不断改变和优化教学方式，努力做到两个…转变?，即从以教师为中心的教学方式转变为以学生为中心的教学方式,从单纯传授书本知识的教学方式转变为引导学生探究知识、发展能力的教学方式。”提出初中英语课堂教学的几种基本模式，建议在英语教学中采用。 一、新授课 新授课教学要求：学案导学，自主学习——合作探究，交流展示——突破疑难，精讲点拨——科学训练，迁移应用——链接生活，拓展提升 A．“学案导学，自主学习”向前延伸：课前一至两天提前发放学案，学生根据学案自主学习。该环节教师应该提出明确的时间要求和任务要求，让学生通过自主学习在学案上标出已会知识，存在的问题，并做上标记，培养学生良好的学习习惯，以提高自主学习的针对性，提高学习效率；对学生自主学习进行必要的方法提示和指导。 B.值日生汇报也可称为free talk旨在培养学生的听说表达能力。增强学生对英语的兴趣。内容可以是自己感兴趣的话题或本单元的重点话题。老师可以根据上课的需要决定（3-5分钟） C.“合作探究，交流展示”在课堂：根据对学案的批阅情况，对有思维含量和难度的问题，组织学生进行合作探究。该环节教师要善于及时鼓励和评价。学生在相互质疑问难、辩驳解疑的过程中，理清思路，解决问题，形成观点。（10-15分钟） D.“突破疑难，精讲点拨”在课堂：在巡视检查、掌握学生的合作学习与交流展示情况基础上，找准问题所在；对学生不能解决的、新发现的疑难问题，教师要进行重点讲解、点拨、归纳和提升，保证学生形成明确的观点。（10分钟） E.“科学训练，迁移应用”在课堂：引导学生完成学案中的自我测评题目，尽可能限定时间，让学生独立思考作答，以训练学生的书面表达能力和独立思考解决问题的能力，实现当堂达标、当堂反馈、当堂矫正，提高课堂效率。完成任务后，让小组成员互换批改，并相互借鉴，完善答案。教师巡回检查学生的作答情况，对先答完的学生及时面批，掌握学生易出错的地方，然后进行针对性的讲评点拨。此环节可以让学生进行问答，学生讲解的方法进行反馈（10分钟。） F．“链接生活，拓展提升”向后延伸：教师要根据本课的重点、难点、易错点、易混点、
尊敬的各位领导、老师大家好！ 今天我说课的题目是中职英语基础模块上册第四单元time，授课班级是电子商务二、1班。我将从教材分析、学情分析、教学目标、教学重点和难点、教学方法、教学过程以及评价和反思等几个面来说说我对本节课的理解和设想。 一、教材分析 本课程所选的教材是电子工业出版社的英语《基础模块》上册，是大纲规定的各专业学生必修的公共基础课英语教学内容，其中上册面对中职学生基础实际，从低起点、低起步而展开的。Time是本书的第四单元，是在学生前几单元学习的基础上开展的，它属于日常生活话题，是学生较为常用且比较感兴趣的内容之一。学习时间和数字如何表达，通过对本单元的学习，学生能够熟悉并掌握数字各种表达法，并能在日常生活中能够运用。本节课以”a gift from grandpa”爷爷的礼物，为主线，叙述一个故事，认识到“no matter what to do，just do it on time.”无论做什么事情都要准时，让学生懂得时间的重要性。 二、学情分析： 本课的教学对象是中职新生，学生们的英语基础相对薄弱，很多同学对英语学习产生了不同的想法，甚至是疑虑和抵触。基于这种实际情况，本单元教学内容安排较简单，大部分学生对英语数字读法比较熟悉，因此从熟悉且感兴趣的话题入手，扬长避短，因势利导，通过学习本节课的知识让学生享受到英语学习的乐趣，进而自觉地学英语、爱英语。 三、教学目标 根据上述教材与学情分析，考虑到学生已有的认知结构心理特征，制定如下教学目标： 1知识目标：掌握本节课出现的重点单词、短语和句型。 2能力目标：通过学习，能够自由运用所学的词组，同时对听、说、读、写能力有所提高。 3情感目标：通过本节课的学习培养学生的积极参与能力，学会合作，并不断激发学生的学习兴趣。让学生们爱英语，爱生活。 四、教学重点和难点 1、教学重点：掌握本节课出现的重点单词、短语和句型。 2、教学难点：理解课文，并掌握知识点，并把知识点运用到实际做题中去。 五、教学方法
Good morning/evening, everyone. It is my great honor and pleasure to be here sharing my lesson with you. My number is _______, the content of this lesson is __________. I have been ready to finish this lesson in 7parts. (我准备从以下7个方面来完成这次说课内容) Part 1 analysis of the teaching material （第1部分分析教材） The content of this lesson is part A of unit 3 in PEP primary English book 5. This unit is talk about birthday. It includes several parts. They mainly deal with some key words, phrases and patterns, such as . This lesson is in the important position of this unit. If the Ss can master it well, it will be helpful for them to learn the rest of this unit. Part 2 analysis of the Ss （第2部分分析学情） Our Ss are in grade 5. They are active,curious and interested in new things. After learning English morn than 2 years, they have some basic English background knowledge, so I should attach the inportance to the communication with Ss, and providing them the chances of using language. Part 3 teaching aims （第3部分教学目标分为知识目标，能力目标，情感目标） 1 Aims on the knowledge By the end of the lesson, the Ss will be able to read, recoginze and use these words and phrases, such as . and Ss will also be able to read, recognize and use these patterns, such as . 2 Aims on the abilities By the end of the lesson. The Ss can understand the dialogue/passage , and get useful information from the listening and reading. Ss will be able to talk about their daily routines. So the Ss’ listening and speaking abilities will be developed. 3 Aims on the emotion In this lesson, the emotional aims is to arouse Ss’ interest of english learning, to foster Ss’consciousness of good-cooperation and proper competition. To help Ss to recognize and identify the differences between Chinese and English cultures on . Part 4 the important and difficult points （第4部分重点和难点） The important points is how to help Ss ask and answer the following questions: when do you do morning exercise. And how to help Ss be able to listen,speak read and write the new words: usually, evening,get up. Difficult poins are how to help Ss use the important words and patterns correctly and skillfully.and to help Ss master the pronunciation of some hard words: exercise.
初中英语演讲稿3分钟3篇 英语演讲稿是每个学生都需要拓展的技能。小雅WTT为大家整理了初中英语演讲稿3分钟3篇，欢迎大家阅读。 初中英语演讲稿3分钟篇1 good morning,dear teacher and my friends. it"s a very intresting topic today. i think my dad was a hero for me when i was a young child. we'd go fishing, walks, and other fun things for a kid. every child has a good and great father, and so do i. my dad played a very important role in my daily life`````exactly speaking, in my past 16 years. my father always stands in the center of my life，from past till now and possibly in the future. my family was rather poor when i was in my childhood. we didn't have our own house and had to live in a shabby， small room rented from my father's factory. the room was so small that there was little space for people to walk. i didn't have my own bed and had to sleep with my parents. this is terrible both for my parents and me.
初中英语新授课：“学、研、评、展”合作学习模式的结构流程及操作程序 流程线 教师线 学生线 “学、研、评、展”合作学习模式包含自主学习、合作研讨、展示点评、总结反馈四个基本常规环节，从教师组织线索来看可分为指导预习、组织讨论、精讲点拨、归纳提升四个环节，从学生学习线索来看可分为自主预习、交流讨论、展示评价、感悟应用四个环节。 自主学习是合作学习的前提。自主学习环节既包括学生的自主预习、复习，也包括在课堂对预设的和生成的问题的自主学习。自主预习主要通过导学案引领。课前教师备课考虑学生自学中会遇到的问题，考虑预习的高效，在此基础上设计出有自学提纲的导学案，具体内容包括：①学什么，让学生明确自学的内容。②怎么学，让学生明确自学的方式，如看书、做笔记、观察图、查资料、独立思考、动手操作等。③学多长时间，让学生控制好自学的进度。④学到什么程度，让学生明白学习的目标，如识记词汇、复述概念、运用原理解释现象等。教师在课前检查预习情况，了解学生自学的疑难。课堂自主学习的内容一方面来自教师课前的预设，另一方面来自课堂新生成的问题。在合作研讨之前，学生根据教师提示的内容、要求与方式先独立地思考、阅读、体会。在此基础上再在教师的引领下再进入第二环节合作研讨。 合作研讨的一般流程如下：检查自学、组内质疑、组内解惑、汇总问题。这一环节中以组内合作研讨为主，也包括教师参与的方式。一般来说，在学生遇到问题苦思而不得其解时进行讨论效果最好。组内交流由组长组织，要求同学先陈述自己自主学习（或者实验操作过程）中发现并记录下来的问题，再通过“兵教兵”的方式进行答疑，不能解决的则生成小组共性疑惑。组间交流时，教师先让各组提出本组内不能解决的问题，接着组织其它组进行解答。所有小组都不能解决的问题将由老师进行精讲点拨，这在“展示点评”环节完成。 展示点评的一般流程是：展示成果、点评完善、交流问题、释疑解惑、延伸拓展。实施点评完善、释疑解惑环节时坚持先学生后教师的原则。展示点评有组内展示点评，也有全班的展示点评。这里的“展示点评”主要是指全班范围的展示点评，既包括学生的展示实验过程、实验现象、实验结论以及其成果、提出问题以及其他同学和小组对其的解释和点评，也包括教师的精讲点拨。教师精讲点拨注重讲清概念、讲清联系、讲清作用，并以问题为案例，由个别问题上升到一般规律，以实现知识的迁移。点拨的关键是抓住问题的要害与关键，在思路、原理、方法方面有的放矢，以四 两拨千斤的效果获得问题的突破性解决。精讲点拨要求教师在有限的课堂教学进程中进行随机备
英语说课稿(范例) Introduce myself Good morning/afternoon, everyone. I’m Zhou Yan. Now I’ll say Part A of Lesson Six from the F un With English in Book One. I’ll prepare to say the lesson from four parts. Part One: Analysis of the Teaching Material (一) STATUS AND (地位与作用) 1. This is an important lesson in Book One. From this lesson, it starts asking the Ss to grasp conte nts of each Sample. a. To attain “four skills” request of listening, speaking, reading and writing. b. To start listing “Word Bank” and tell the Ss to remember the new words. c. To start asking the Ss to write the English sentences well. Therefore this lesson is in the important position of the teaching material. 、 2. This lesson is the first part of Unit if the Ss can learn it well, it will be helpful to make the S s learn the rest of this unit. 3. Such a topic is related to daily life, so it is helpful to raise learning interests of students and it will be also helpful to improve their spoken English. (二)ANALYSIS OF THE STUDENTS (对学生的分析) The Ss has learned English for about one month so far. They can understand some words and som e simple sentences. The Ss have taken a great interest in English now. (三)TEACHING AIMS AND DEMANDS (教学目的和要求) The teaching aim’s basis is established according to Junior School English syllabus’ provision. 1. Knowledge objects (1) To make the Ss know how to use the affirmative sentence“This is. . . .” and the negative sente nce“This is not….”, everyday expressions for “Apologies”, “I’m sorry”, “That’s all right”. (2) To study the new words “six, hey, sorry, it’s, that’s”, etc. by learning the dialogue of this lesson. (3) To finish some exercises. ' 2. Ability objects (1) To develop the Ss’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing. (2) To train the S s’ ability of working in pairs. (3) To develop the Ss’ abilities of communication by learning the useful structures. 3. Moral objects (1) To enable the Ss to be polite and love life. (2) To enable the Ss to look after their things well. (四)TEACHING KEY AND DIFFICULT POINTS (教学重点和难点) The teaching key and difficult points’ basis is established according to Part A of Lesson Six in the tea ching material’s position and . 1. Key points: (1).To help the Ss to communicate with each other. (2).To enable the Ss to study in groups and co-operate skillfully. (3).To develop the Ss’ interest in English. : 2. Difficult points: (1) How to make dialogues and act them out. (2) How to write the right whole sentences. (五) TEACHING AIDS (教学用具) Multi-media computer, Tape recorder, Software: Powerpoint or Authorware, school things, some pict ures, cards and so on. They will be needed in this lesson.
英语说课讲稿的撰写 摘要: 说课是指在某一特定的场合，教师较为系统地讲述某一教学内容的课堂教学设计及其设计的理论依据。说课分详细说课和概略说课。本文拟从英语学科特点出发，就英语详细说课讲稿的要素、撰写方法和注意事项以及说课对英语教师素质提出的更高要求几个方面做些理论探讨。 说课是近几年兴起的一种教学研究和教师教学基本功训练的活动形式，是教学研究改革的产物，是素质教育下提高教师队伍整体素质的有效途径。所谓说课，是指在某一特定的场合，教师较为系统地讲述某一教学内容的课堂教学设计及其设计的理论依据。说课分详细说课和概略说课。本文拟从英语学科特点出发，就英语详细说课讲稿的要素、撰写方法和注意事项以及说课对英语教师素质提出的更高要求几个方面做些理论探讨。 一、英语说课讲稿的要素及撰写方法 与其他学科一样，英语说课讲稿也包括五个要素：说教材、说教法、说学法、说教学程序、说板书设计。 （一）说教材 说教材要对教材所在的知识系统做简要分析，通过分析某课教学内容在整个教材体系中的作用，以及本课教学内容与学生先前掌握的知识和将要学习的知识的联系，说明教材的地位和作用；通过对课程标准关于教学的具体要求的概括分析，说明本课教学目标的确立及其依据；通过对英汉两种语言差异和学生的知识水平的简要分析，确定并说明重点、难点和关键点的确立及其依据。 1.说教材的地位和作用。 说教材的地位和作用，应简要分析本课内容在单元整体教学中和整个教材体系
中甚至在素质教育英语教学中的重要地位。例如，在分析SEFC Bl L37的教材地位和作用时可做如下表述。 SEFC Bl L37是对话课，对话课是单元整体教学的重要环节。作为单元的第一课，对话课的作用首先是为第二、三课提供话题和语境。由于整个单元都是围绕一个话题操练特定的功能项目，对话课又具有为二、三课的学习扫清语言和文化障碍的作用。 本课对话内容紧紧围绕体育运动话题展开，谈论运动项目必定使人联想到奥运会、奥运历史、奥运精神等，这就为下一课阅读教学提供了话题和语境。本课操练的功能项目是表达个人喜好的句型"prefer...tO"，学习并熟练掌握该句型有助于学生能就"prefer A to B”表达自己对运动项目的爱好及爱好程度。 从素质教育的要求和学习语言的目的看，高中英语教学重视培养学生运用英语进行交际的能力。根据英语课程标准的要求，对话课应侧重培养学生的口语表达能力，体现英语教学的交际性、得体性、准确性和实践性。因此，本节对话课教学应着重培养学生熟练运用所学功能用语谈论体育话题的能力，为进一步自由谈论奥运历史打下基础。 2.说教学目标的确立及其依据。 教学目标的确立首先要根据单元教学的目的和要求（对语音、词汇、日常交际用语、语法等方面的不同程度的要求），结合学生的实际水平，确定贯穿单元教学的总目标（goal）。总目标可以是相当概括的，如SEFC Bl L37的总体教学目标可定为“了解奥运会历史，学习表达个人爱好的交际用语"。由于中学英语教材的编写都有单元话题，因此，总目标往往以单元教学目标的形式出现，一节课的教学目标（objecti ve）则应落实到与本课教学内容相关的具体语言知识或某项技能上，即：通过本节课的教学，重点解决什么问题（知识和能力），达到什么样的要求。为了贯彻“寓思想教育于语言教学之中"的教学原则，教师还要深入挖掘教材的德育因素，从而确定德育
初一的英语演讲稿3篇 演讲稿的写作有严格的要求，就内容而言要主题鲜明，表达完整;就文章组织结构而言要思维清晰，逻辑性强;就语言而言要有感染力、形象生动。为大家整理了初一的英语演讲稿3篇，欢迎大家阅读。 初一的英语演讲稿篇1 Good afternoon! my dear teachers and friends. my name is li wenwen.i'm fourteen years old.in class 8,grade 1.different people has different dreams. someone wants to be a doctor. someone wants to be a basketball player，because he is good at sports. someone wants to be a writer，because he likes writing. someone wants to be a teacher because he likes teaching children. what do i want to do when i'm older? you see,i like playing the piano and i am good at it. so i want to become a piano player.(pianist). playing the piano is very interesting. and you can learn something of music. piano can make your life beautiful and happy. your life is full of music. a lot of musicians and singers love playing the pianos. i could play the piano when i was ten years old. all of my teachers and my classmates say i can play the piano very well. i have got grand five . i hope when i'm sixteen years old , i can get grand eight. now i'm a middle school student. there are many things at school. sometimes ,i have no time to play the piano. but,i'll still be harder and
英语新授课教学模式——“五步”教学法为推进小学英语课堂教学模式的改革，促使教师掌握课堂教学的基本程序与方法，我们总结了小学英语课堂教学的基本模式——“五步”教学法, 即热身复习、新知呈现、趣味操练、巩固拓展、总结作业反馈。此模式的探索实践旨在为广大小学英语教师的课堂教学指明方向，从而全面提高小学英语课堂教学的质量。 一、热身/复习Warm-up/ Revision 本环节就是复习巩固已学过的知识，通过师生对话、TPR 活动、值日生报告、自我介绍、自由会话等各种形式，复习与新知识有关的旧知识，使学生具备必要的认知前提，保证新知学习的顺利进行；同时也可培养学生的口头表达能力及大胆表现自我的能力。 建议教师要做到以下两点： 1、热身活动，目的明确。也就是说教师所设计的内容要有目的性，要为本节课或本单元的目标服务。形式要生动活泼，贴近生活，尤其要紧密结合教材的内容。根据不同的教学内容，选择不同的热身活动，热身活动的时间长短，可根据学生的学情及教学内容而定。 2、温故内容，铺垫扎实。教师不要急于进行新知的学习，温故过程切不可如蜻蜓点水，随意问答几句，要扎实铺垫，为新知的学习奠定良好基础。主式有：TPR 、Greetings 、Sing songs 、Say a poem or chant 、Free talk 、Play some games(eg.memory test) 二、新知呈现Presentation 这是一节课的主干和重点部分，在这个环节中，教师要采用实物、图片、简笔画、肢体动作等直观教学手段来组织教学，使语言教学直观化、形象化、生动化、趣味化，让学生爱学、乐学、知学、善学。 在讲解新知时教师要注意以下几点： 1、突出目标，组织教学。要求教师在设计每一步教学环节时都要考虑目标，服务目标，力求在有限的时间内直达目标。 2、利用实物，充实教学。教师要尽可能地体现直观性教学原则，尽可能多地利用实物进行教学。如在PEP 三年级下册教材中，当教