Unit5Music
SectionⅠWarming Up,Pre-reading,
Reading&Comprehending
课后篇巩固探究
一、用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
1.When I was a little boy,I always becoming a famous writer in the future.
答案:dreamed of
2.People too much importance examination results.
答案:attach;to
3.The customer asked whether there was a discount if he paid .
答案:in cash
4.We dare not our teacher,because she is serious.
答案:play jokes on
5.Most people in this city by working in the car factory.
答案:earn their living
6.As is announced,the famous singer will come here to .
答案:put on performances
7.He suggests that we ask someone who is this kind of machine to repair it.
答案:familiar with
8.In order to fish,Jim started to the ice on the frozen lake.
答案:break up
9.,I don’t think I was helpful in your work.
答案:To be honest
10.The widow (寡妇) a little money that her husband left for a living.答案:relies on
二、单句语法填空
1.Mary and John were good friends,but then they had a quarrel and broke.
答案:up
2.He stayed in Shanghai for ten days or .
答案:so
3.Don’t rely going abroad for our holiday—we may not be able to afford it.
答案:on
4.If they would not like to accept the check,we must pay cash.
答案:in
5.He stood there and saw a lot of (passer-by).
答案:passers-by
6.We attach importance education and encourage constant learning and thinking.答案:to
7.He is always (dream) of becoming an actor.
答案:dreaming
8.After the earthquake,a lot of large stones (roll) down from the mountain.
答案:rolled
9.(honest) speaking,I don’t know anything about it.
答案:Honestly
10.It is said that a popular singer will come to our city to put on (perform).
答案:performances
11.You can talk to the robot,ask it questions,and make requests for it (perform) different tasks.
答案:to perform
12.The little boy hopes that no tricks will be played him and wants to be respected.
答案:on
13.—Are you familiar the music?
—Yes,the music is very familiar me,but I can’t remember when and where I heard it.
答案:with;to
14.—How do you find the Spring Festival Gala this year?
—(be) honest,I don’t think much of it.
答案:To be
15.As we all know,it is hard to form good habit,but easy to get into a bad one.
答案:a
三、单句改错
1.To be honestly,he is too stubborn for you to persuade him to go with us.
答案:honestly→honest
2.After some years,he has been formed the habit of having a walk after supper.
答案:去掉been
3.You may rely on that the work will be finished ahead of time.
答案:on后加it
4.She sent his parents an email yesterday,attaching some of her photos.
答案:attaching→attached
5.I am not really familiar to the local laws.
答案:to→with
四、课文精彩回顾
Most young people want to be famous singers or musicians.They have 1. of playing in front of the audience.Honestly speaking,many people 2. great importance to becoming rich and famous.
Many musicians meet and 3. a band.They may start as a group of high school students.At first,they may play to 4. in the https://www.doczj.com/doc/c414294807.html,ter,they may give 5.
in pubs or clubs.Of course they want to make a lot of money.
However,there was one band 6. the Monkees that started in a different way.They began as a TV show.The TV organizers had planned to find four rock musicians,but they could only find
one.They had to use 7.,who had to 8. on other musicians to help them.They just 9. to sing.Their performances were 10. and soon they became popular.After a year or so,the Monkees began to play and sing their own songs like a real band.In the US,they became even more popular than the Beatles.
答案:1.dreamed/dreamt 2.attach 3.form 4.passers-by
5.performances
6.called
7.actors
8.rely
9.pretended
10.humorous
五、阅读理解
A
导学号72864060
(思维品质)
To me,life without music would not be exciting.I realize that this is not true for everybody.Many people get along quite well without going to the concert or listening to the record.But music plays an important part in everyone’s life,whether he/she realizes it or not.Try to imagine,for example,what films or TV plays would be like without music.Would the feelings,the moving plots(情节),and the greatest interests,be so exciting or dramatic(富有戏剧性的)?I’m not sure about it.
Now,we have been speaking of music in its more common meaning—the kind of music we hear in the concert hall.But if we look at some parts of music more closely,we discover them in our everyday life too — in the rhythm(旋律) of the sea,the melody of a bird in the woods and so on.So music surely has meanings for everyone in some way or other.And,of course,it has special meaning for those who have spent all their lives working on playing or writing music.
Once a great man said,“Through music a child enters a world of beauty,expresses himself from his heart,feels the joy of doing things alone,learns to take care of others,develops his mind and makes his body strong.”
1.What is the passage mainly about?
A.Life with music.
B.Life without music.
C.Importance of music.
D.Development of music.
答案:C
解析:主旨大意题。从上下文可知,音乐在人们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。
2.From the text,we know that many people.
A.don’t realize the importance of music
B.get along quite well without music
C.go to the concert instead of enjoying films
D.think music would be less exciting than films
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。从第一段一、二两句可知,并非人人都意识到了音乐的重要性。
3.In the writer’s opinion,if there was no music in films or TV plays,.
A.the cinema and theatre would be quiet
B.we would lose some of the audience
C.everything would be as exciting as before
D.it would be hard to imagine the result
答案:D
解析:推理判断题。从第一段“Would the feelings...I’m not sure about it”可知结果是难以想象的。
4.What does the underlined word “melody” mean in the text?
A.Flying.
B.Looking.
C.Singing.
D.Meaning.
答案:C
解析:词义猜测题。从第二段可知,我们在聆听音乐时,会发现有一些音乐来自大自然,如海浪声、鸟叫声等。
B
(思维品质)
To me,music is food and water.I can’t live without it.I know this is not true for everybody.Many people don’t listen to music and they can get along quite well.But music is everywhere in our life.For example,when you watch films or TV plays,do you find them interesting if there is no music?You would find them boring.And when you are waiting for the train or the plane,you would like music because it makes the time seem shorter.
It is true that music is everywhere in our life.Some people like to sit by the sea and listen to the sound of the sea.Some enjoy listening to the singing of birds.Those sounds are some kinds of music.
So music has meanings for everyone in some way or other.Of course,it has special meanings for people like me.We spend our lives playing or writing music.
Someone said,“Through music a child goes into a world of beauty,learns to take care of others and makes his mind and body strong.”Music is an important part of our lives.
5.The passage tells us that the writer .
A.likes to sit by the sea
B.is not interested in music
C.likes to travel by plane
D.likes music very much
答案:D
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句可知,音乐对于作者来说很重要。故选D项。
6.The word “boring” in the first paragraph means .
A.interesting
B.not interesting
C.tiring
D.foolish
答案:B
解析:词义猜测题。根据上一句的interesting可推测本句的boring含义是not interesting。故选B项。
7.Listening to music can when you are waiting for the train.
A.make time fly quickly
B.help you save time
C.make time short
D.make you feel time passes more quickly
答案:D
解析:细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知,听音乐能够让你感觉时间过得快。故选D项。
数学专业英语课后答案
2.1数学、方程与比例 词组翻译 1.数学分支branches of mathematics，算数arithmetics，几何学geometry，代数学algebra，三角学trigonometry，高等数学higher mathematics，初等数学elementary mathematics，高等代数higher algebra，数学分析mathematical analysis，函数论function theory，微分方程differential equation 2.命题proposition，公理axiom，公设postulate，定义definition，定理theorem，引理lemma，推论deduction 3.形form，数number，数字numeral，数值numerical value，图形figure，公式formula，符号notation(symbol)，记法/记号sign，图表chart 4.概念conception，相等equality，成立/真true，不成立/不真untrue，等式equation，恒等式identity，条件等式equation of condition，项/术语term，集set，函数function，常数constant，方程equation，线性方程linear equation，二次方程quadratic equation 5.运算operation，加法addition，减法subtraction，乘法multiplication，除法division，证明proof，推理deduction，逻辑推理logical deduction 6.测量土地to measure land，推导定理to deduce theorems，指定的运算indicated operation，获得结论to obtain the conclusions，占据中心地位to occupy the centric place 汉译英 （1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. （2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. （3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。 Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. （4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. （5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. （6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. （7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。
Lesson2 Exercises 1. Put the following into Chinese. （1）Ohm’s law states that the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through the resistor. The constant of proportionality is the resistance value of the resistor in ohms. 流过电路里电阻的电流，与加在电阻两端的电压成正比，与电阻的阻值成反比。这就是欧姆定律。 （2）Many materials, however, closely approximate an ideal linear resistor over a desired operating region. 不过，许多材料在规定的工作范围内非常接近理想线性电阻。 （3）It should be noted that an ideal voltage source (dependent or independent ) will produce any current required to ensure that the terminal voltage is as stated, whereas an ideal current source will produce the necessary voltage to ensure the stated current flow. 应该注意：一个理想电压源（独立或受控）可向电路提供任意电流以保证其端电压为规定值，而电流源可向电路提供任意电压以保证其规定电流。 （4）A different class of relationship occurs because of the restriction that some specific type of network element places on the variables. Still another class of relationship is one between several variable of the same type which occurs as the result of the network configuration, i. e., the manner in which the various element of the network are interconnected. 一种不同类型的关系是由于网络元件的某种特定类型的连接对变量的约束。另一类关系由于网络结构，即网络的不同元件互相连接的方式所产生的相同形式的一些变量间的关系。 （5）The thermal conductivity of metals is as much as several hundred times that of glass. 金属的导热率比玻璃高几百倍。 （6）Magnetic line of force will，whenever passible, travel through iron or other magnetic materials. 磁力线只要有可能就会通过铁或其它磁性材料。 （7）Actually, 0 o C is indeed the lower limit to temperatures capable of being attained. 事实上绝对零度确是所能达到的温度的最低限度。 2. Translate the following into English. （1）电路元件吸收或释放的功率为元件两端的电压与流过该元件电流的乘积。 The power absorbed or supplied by a circuit element is the product of the voltage across the element and the current through it. （2）理想独立电源是一个有源元件，它所提供的电压或电流不依赖于电路中其他变量。 An ideal independent source is an active element that provides a specified voltage or current that is completely independent of other circuit variables. （3）受控电源是一个有源元件，它所提供的电压或电流受电路中某部分电压或电流控制。 An ideal dependent (or controlled) source is an active element in which the source quantity is controlled by another voltage or current. （4）叠加定理为：线性电路中，任一电压或电流都是电路中各个独立电源单独作用时，在该处产生的电压或电流的叠加。 The superposition principle states that the voltage across (or current through) an element in a linear circuit is the algebraic sum of the voltages across (or current through) that element due to each independent source acting alone. （5）计算机可分为模拟计算机和数字计算机两种。Computers may be classfied as analog and digital．（6）新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三分之二。The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times． （7）超导体在电气应用上的重要性不能被估计过高。The importance of superconductor in the uses of electricity cannot be overestimated.
第一单元? 如何发表演说 斯蒂芬·卢卡斯? ???? 在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。? ???? 优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。? 如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。? 如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。? 准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。? 另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。 恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。??????? 优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。? ???????在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、叙述或者奇闻轶事——通常长一些，但更具体。夸张性的例子描述想像中的情形，这种例子能够将相关的想法有效地传达给听众。这三种例子都能够帮助演说者理清思绪、加强印象或者使演说更加娓娓动听。为了使表达更加富有效果，例子应该生动活泼，丰富多彩。 只要演说者对于统计数据用之得当并且加以解释，这些数据将有助于有效地传达信息，听众也能从统计数据中获益匪浅。最重要的是：演说者应该对统计数据了如指掌，并且运用得恰如其分。由于数据很容易操纵和捏造，因此，对于演说者来说，一定要确保图表没有张冠李戴，并且要确保统计方法正确，数据来源可靠。?
2.1 数学、方程与比例 （1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. （2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. （3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. （4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。 Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. （5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. （6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. （7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。 Equations are of very great use. We can use equations in many mathematical problems. （8）解方程时要进行一系列移项和同解变形，最后求出它的根，即未知量的值。To solve the equation means to move and change the terms about without making the equation untrue, until the root of the equation is obtained, which is the value of unknown term. 2.2 几何与三角 （1）许多专家都认为数学是学习其他科学技术的必备基础和先决条件。 Many experts recognize that mathematics is the necessary foundation and prerequisite of studying other science technology. （2）西方国家的专家认为几何起源于巴比伦和埃及人的土地测量技术，其实中国古代的数学家对几何做了许多出色的研究。 The western experts think that geometry had its origin in the measurements by the Babylonians and Egyptians of their lands. Infect, the ancient Chinese mathematicians made much remarkable study for geometry. （3）几何的学习使学生在思考问题时更周密和审慎，他们将不会盲目接受任何结论。 In studying geometry, the student is taught to think clearly and critically and he is led away from the practice of blind acceptance of any conclusions. （4）数学培养学生的分析问题的能力，使他们能应用毅力、创造性和逻辑推理来解决问题。
Unit 1 C 1.The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2.In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3.An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4.By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5.The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6.When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech.
“数学专业英语一次函数专题”教学设计 1. 教学内容及解析 教学内容：与直角坐标系及一次函数相关的英语文献资料 内容解析：本节内容应从两个方面去考虑. 一方面，从数学知识的角度，本节所涉及的是从平面直角坐标系到一次函数的数学知识，都是学生学过的基础知识及其应用，是对于这些知识的拉练式复习，并作为后面用英语叙述解答相关问题知识基础；另一方面，从语言的角度，学生会接触到大量没有接触过，但他们却很熟悉的英语词汇及短语，主动学习的学生可以在老师的指导下快速理解其含义并加入到自己的知识体系中，但需要花时间巩固，是需要读、写、说来巩固的内容. 这也正是本节的重点和难点所在. 2. 教学目标及解析 教学目标：①能根据已有的数学知识和给出的单词对照表，将给出的相关数学定理及结论的英语版本翻译为中文；②能理解并解答用英语表述的相关数学问题；③能将解决数学问题的过程用英语进行书面表述；④初步了解用英语表达与直角坐标系及一次函数相关数学理论的范式. 目标解析：学生掌握基本词汇，并能阅读与本节内容相关的英语文献，是学习和使用数学专业英语的最基本要求，学生需要在学习的过程中逐渐由接受，即阅读或聆听，逐渐向输出，即书面和口头表达的方向发展. 为达到此目标，学生需要在课前独立完成对于本节需要的单词的学习，并阅读一系列简短的相关数学文献，并在这个过程中初步体会数学专业英语的表达范式；在课堂上，在教师的指导下对自己的认知进一步补充，并进行一定量的练习，暴露自己的问题，在教师的帮助下修正问题，完善认知. 3. 教学问题诊断分析 学生在进行语言表达时，往往受到母语的限制，对于非母语的表达方式的接受能力一时难以习惯，而数学对于表达能力则有更高的要求，要求叙述简洁、逻辑清晰，因此本教学设计强调学生在有相当阅读量的积累后，通过自主练习，逐渐感受用英语表达数学理论的基本范式. 教师在教学过程中的主要任务在于为学生提供合适的学习资料，在学生学习的过程中给予提示与指导，及时指出学生的问题并予以纠正. 对于语言的学习，阅读量的积累是至关重要的，教师在课堂上的讲解、学生在课堂上的练习，都只是学习的一部分环节，如果需要帮助学生正确掌握表达数学理论的范式，尽量不留死角，就必须保证课前预习和课后复习的有效性，预习复习材料的充足性，这对教师的教学资料的积累和学生自主学习能力，都是一个挑战. 4. 教学支持条件分析 学情条件：初二8班是实验班，学生有较强的学习热情和好奇心，也知道课前预习、课上参与学习活动、课后复习的重要性，在曾经的数学课程教学中，也有一定的课前预习，课堂讨论的传统，对于本教学设计的各个环节，是可以理解教师的用意，并遵循教师的指导进行学习活动. 在知识层面上，学生已经系统学习过一次函数相关的知识，课程中提供的学习资料都是学生熟悉的数学知识；学生在英语学习上，已经有多年的积累，对于英语语法的学
b--吡啶pyridine 巴比妥酸:barbituric acid比电导conductance 不规则的:irregular 崩解剂disintegrant c--萃取extraction 成团:agglomeration 测量仪measurement 肠液:intestinal fluid d--胆固醇cholestero 对映体:enantiomer 电极electrode 代谢:metabolism f--反相渗透reverse osmosis 分布:disposition g--构象:conformation 固化:solidize j--甲苯toluene 静脉注:intravenous injection 挤压:compress 聚集:aggregate 胶囊capsule l--粒子:particle 立体选择性:stereoselectivity 利用率:availability m--灭菌产品sterile products n--粘合剂adhesive p--偏振光:polarized light 片剂tablet 配剂elixir 排泄:excretion q--起始原料starting materials(raw materials) q醛aldehyde r--溶解度:solubility 乳剂emulsion 润滑剂lubricant s--释放:release 渗液solution 生物膜:biologic membrane 生物碱alkaloid, t---糖浆syrup 甜味剂sweetener w--丸剂pill 微生物microorganism 胃液:gastric fluid 稳定态:steady-state x--旋光异构现象:optical isomerism 悬浮液suspension 香味剂flavor 稀释剂diluent 形状:shape 吸收:absorption 消除:elimination y--胰岛素insulin 压片:tablet compression z--中间体intermediate 重结晶recrystallization 左旋:levorotation 蒸馏distillation 组织tissue a--asymmetric carbon不对称碳absorption吸收action动作adhesive粘合剂c--contamination污染chirality:手性compress压缩composite合成的compressibility:可压缩性compaction:压紧contamination specialize特殊污染conductivity电导率control:控制clinical:临床的 d--design:设计dry:干燥delivery:传送 e-- extend:延长epoxide:环氧化物 f-- formulation:制剂fluidity:流动性f unction:功能 g--geometric isomerism:几何异构 h-- hormone激素hydrolysis diastereoisomer:水解非对映异构体 heterogeneous catalyst多相催化剂， i--irrigating冲洗 m-- metabolite代谢物medication药物治疗medicine内服药mill:研磨measure尺寸mix:混合microorganisms微生物 o--ophthalmic眼药 p-- polysaccharide多糖peptide肽plasma血浆penicillin青霉素，precursor:前体partition coefficient:狭义分配系数pharmaceutical制药的parenteral注射药物pycogens热源procedure:程序 q-- quality性质quantity数量 s-- steroid甾类steric effect:空间效应stereoselectivity:立体选择性screening:过筛sustain :维持 t-- treat治疗therapy:治疗 u--uniformity目标v--vaccine疫苗
Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adapted Sustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutter B bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdote Credentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtaposition Task 3 Translation B.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。 在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。 C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech. 7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible. 8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly. 9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary. 10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful. D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be exp licit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.
2.1数学、方程与比例 词组翻译 1.数学分支branches of mathematics，算数arithmetics，几何学geometry，代数学algebra，三角学trigonometry，高等数学higher mathematics，初等数学elementary mathematics，高等代数higher algebra，数学分析mathematical analysis，函数论function theory，微分方程differential equation 2.命题proposition，公理axiom，公设postulate，定义definition，定理theorem，引理lemma，推论deduction 3.形form，数number，数字numeral，数值numerical value，图形figure，公式formula，符号notation(symbol)，记法/记号sign，图表chart 4.概念conception，相等equality，成立/真true，不成立/不真untrue，等式equation，恒等式identity，条件等式equation of condition，项/术语term，集set，函数function，常数constant，方程equation，线性方程linear equation，二次方程quadratic equation 5.运算operation，加法addition，减法subtraction，乘法multiplication，除法division，证明proof，推理deduction，逻辑推理logical deduction 6.测量土地to measure land，推导定理to deduce theorems，指定的运算indicated operation，获得结论to obtain the conclusions，占据中心地位to occupy the centric place 汉译英 （1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. （2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. （3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。 Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. （4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。 Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. （5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. （6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. （7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。
Key to Exercise Unit 1 Chemical Industries 1.the Industrial Revolution https://www.doczj.com/doc/c414294807.html,anic chemicals 3.the contact process 4.the Haber process 5.synthetic polymers 6.intermediates 7.artificial fertilizers 8.pesticides (crop protection chemicals) 9.synthetic fibers 10.pharmaceutical 11.research and development 12.petrochemical https://www.doczj.com/doc/c414294807.html,puters(automatic control equipment) 14.capital intensive Some Chemicals Used In Our Daily Life Unit 2 Research and Development 1.R&D 2.ideas and knowledge 3.process and products 4.fundamental 5.applied 6.product development 7.existing product 8.pilot plant 9.profitbility 10.environmental impact 11.energy cost 12.technical support 13.process improvement 14.effluent treatment 15.pharmaceutical 16.sufficiently pure 17.Reaction 18.unreacted material 19.by-products 20.the product specification 21.Product storage
第一章 数学专业英语的阅读和翻译初级阶段 1.1 数学专业英语的基本特点 一 注意对客观事实与真理的描述： 1. 语句事态的使用上常用一般现在时 例 An equation is a statement of the equality between two equal numbers or number symbols. 2. 被动语态出现频率高“It is …”句型也使用得多 例 It is cleat that any function defined for all positive real x may be used to construct a sequence by restricting x to take only integer values. 3. 主动语态句型也多数用于强调事实，而不是强调行为发出者及其情感 例 1：Given ε> 0，there exits a number N>0. such that ε<-a a n for all n ≥N 例 2：Since h(x) is harmonic on a neighborhood of B(a,r), we have )()()(a h x d x h B =? ?σ “we have ” =one has 可省略 译为 “可以得出”什么结论 二 科学内容的完整性与表达形式的精炼性要求 三 数学的专业性十分典型 1、有的概念可能有几个同义词 如“计算”有： count calculate calculation calculus compute computation 2、同一词根的次和词组很多，如： Integrability 可积性 integrable 可积的 integral 积分，积分的，整数的 integral calculus 积分学 integralization 整化 integrate 积分 3、半专业词汇多是出现频率高 如: function 函数 functional 泛函 power 幂 set 假定，令
1.two-terminal element 二端口元件 2.associated reference direction 关联参考方向 3.Ohm’s Law 欧姆定律 4.electric field 电场 5.displacement current 转移电流 6.short circuit 短路 7.magnetic field 磁场 8.conduction current 传导电流 1.capacitance 2.capacitor 3.resistance 4.resistor 5.Inductance 6.Inductor We can make two important observations here.在此，我们可以得到两条重要的结论：第一，如果电流是常数，理想电感器的端电压为0，这样电感器在恒量或直流中可以当作短路；第二，在电感器中电流不能瞬时变化，也就是说，在0时间内电流不能以有限量改变。 2 1.能量转换energy conversion 2.正极positive terminal 3串联电路series circuit 4.电路化简方法circuit simplification technique 5.电路分析方法circuit analysis technique 6.阻性电路resistive circuit 7.戴维南和诺顿等效电路Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuit 8.节点电压法node-voltage method 9.网孔电流法mesh-current method 10.参考节点reference node We can use those approaches for all circuits,对于所有的电路都可以使用这些方法，但是当电路结构更复杂、引入更多元件的时候，这种直接求解的方法很快就变得麻烦了。此时，可以使用两种常规的分析方法。 3 1. amplify current 放大电流 2. electronic component 电子元器件 3. complex circuit 复杂电路 4. vacuum tube 真空管 5. hand-held calculator便携式计算机 6. integrated circuit chip集成电路芯片 7. semiconductor material 半导体材料 8. microprocessor 微处理器 Bardeen和Brattain认为问题在于液体，所以他们用本质是锗锈的氧化锗来代替液体。Gibney准备了一块特殊的锗片，锗片的一面上有一层绿色的氧化层。12月12日Brattain开始插入接触点。