b--吡啶pyridine 巴比妥酸:barbituric acid比电导conductance
不规则的:irregular 崩解剂disintegrant
c--萃取extraction 成团:agglomeration 测量仪measurement 肠液:intestinal fluid d--胆固醇cholestero 对映体:enantiomer 电极electrode 代谢:metabolism
f--反相渗透reverse osmosis 分布:disposition
g--构象:conformation 固化:solidize
j--甲苯toluene 静脉注:intravenous injection 挤压:compress
聚集:aggregate 胶囊capsule
l--粒子:particle 立体选择性:stereoselectivity 利用率:availability
m--灭菌产品sterile products n--粘合剂adhesive
p--偏振光:polarized light 片剂tablet 配剂elixir 排泄:excretion
q--起始原料starting materials(raw materials) q醛aldehyde
r--溶解度:solubility 乳剂emulsion 润滑剂lubricant
s--释放:release 渗液solution 生物膜:biologic membrane 生物碱alkaloid, t---糖浆syrup 甜味剂sweetener
w--丸剂pill 微生物microorganism 胃液:gastric fluid 稳定态:steady-state
x--旋光异构现象:optical isomerism 悬浮液suspension 香味剂flavor 稀释剂diluent 形状:shape 吸收:absorption 消除:elimination
y--胰岛素insulin 压片:tablet compression
z--中间体intermediate 重结晶recrystallization 左旋:levorotation
蒸馏distillation 组织tissue
a--asymmetric carbon不对称碳absorption吸收action动作adhesive粘合剂c--contamination污染chirality:手性compress压缩composite合成的compressibility:可压缩性compaction:压紧contamination specialize特殊污染conductivity电导率control:控制clinical:临床的
d--design:设计dry:干燥delivery:传送
e-- extend:延长epoxide:环氧化物
f-- formulation:制剂fluidity:流动性f unction:功能
g--geometric isomerism:几何异构
h-- hormone激素hydrolysis diastereoisomer:水解非对映异构体
heterogeneous catalyst多相催化剂，
i--irrigating冲洗
m-- metabolite代谢物medication药物治疗medicine内服药mill:研磨measure尺寸mix:混合microorganisms微生物
o--ophthalmic眼药
p-- polysaccharide多糖peptide肽plasma血浆penicillin青霉素，precursor:前体partition coefficient:狭义分配系数pharmaceutical制药的parenteral注射药物pycogens热源procedure:程序
q-- quality性质quantity数量
s-- steroid甾类steric effect:空间效应stereoselectivity:立体选择性screening:过筛sustain :维持
t-- treat治疗therapy:治疗
u--uniformity目标v--vaccine疫苗
Unit1 P7
1、Answer the following questions:
(1)How many groups can pharmaceutical agents be split into
depending on their production or origin?
①totally synthetic materials(synthetics)②natural products③products from partial syntheses(semi-synthetic products)
(2)Can you illustrate any significant examples of pharmaceutical agents obtained by total synthesis?
L-amine,chleramphomical,caffeine,Dopamine,Epinephrine,
Lerodapa,peptide,hormones.Prestaglanding,P_Pouricollamine,Vincamine,
(3)What is the difference between the synthetic drugs and traditional Chinese herbal medicine?
synthetic drugs include the most important of synthetics and semi-sythetic products, however, natural products are frequently needed as starting materials or intermediates for important synthetic products.
2、生物碱
4、Introduction of Nucleic acids
Nucleic acids are polyanionic molecules of high molecular weight. These polymers are composed of a sequence of subunits or nucleotides so that the whole is usually termed a polynucleotide. The nucleic acids are of two main varieties, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA). DNA is found primarily in the chromatin to the cell nucleus, whereas 90% of RNA is presented in the cell cytoplasm and 10% in the nucleolus. The two classes of nucleic acids are distinguished primary on basis of the five-carbon atom sugar of pentose present. Two general kinds of bases are found in all nucleic acids. One type is a derivative of the parent compound purine. Principle examples are guanine and adenine. The second class of bases found in all nucleic acid is derived from the parent compound pyrimidine.
介绍核酸
核酸是超高分子量聚阴离子分子。这些聚合物组成，亚基或核苷酸，使整个通常称为多核苷酸序列。核酸有两种，主要品种核糖核酸（RNA）和脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）的。DNA 是主要存在于细胞核内的染色质，而90％的RNA在细胞质现在和10％的核仁。核酸类的两个主要的区别在于对目前的五个戊糖碳原子的糖基础。一般两个种基地发现，在所有核酸。一类是母体化合物嘌呤的衍生物。原理是鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤的例子。在所有发现核酸碱基第二类是来自母体化合物嘧啶。
Unit2 P23
1、Answer the following questions:
(1) What is quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of pharmacologic agents?
quantitative descriptions of physical properties of compounds and the response of the biological system under consideration.
(2)How many steric factors influence on the pharmacologic activity? Three major headings.(1)Optical and Geometric Isomerism and Pharmacologic Activity.(2)Confrontational Isomerism and Pharmacologic Activity.(3)Isomerism
and Pharmacologic Activity.
(3)Why do enantiomophric pairs (optical isomers) exhibit different
biological activities？
difference in biologic activity may be due to a difference in the distribution of the isomers or to a difference in the properties of the drug-receptor combination of less them the optimal number of binding groups is suitably located for binding. 2、静脉注射
4、The finding of a novel drug molecule is a long, expensive, and tortuous process with no guarantee of success. Clearly, out of the almost in finite number of possible compounds, only a finite(few, small)number can ever be selected for testing within a given time and the skill of medicinal chemist is in deciding which of those compounds to make first. Of course, there is then the major problem of how to synthesize them! In order to make that decision, the mass of biological data produced for compounds already tested needs to be analyzed in such a way that features which are important for the biological activity/activities can be identified and then for future molecules. The goal of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) is to find predicative effect between quantitative descriptions of physical properties of compounds and the response of the biological system under consideration. Hopefully the resulting QSAR will lead to an definition of the molecular features/properties most important in derterming activity, and guide the research of biological activity within the compound series.
发现了新的药物分子是一个长期的，昂贵的，曲折的过程没有成功的保证。显然，出了几乎无限多的可能，只有有限的（很少，小）数量能被选定为测试在给定的时间和技能的药用化学家在决定哪些是这些化合物使第一。当然，有那么主要问题是如何合成！为了使这一决定，大规模的生物数据产生的化合物已经测试需要分析的方式，特点，是重要的生物活性/活动可确定，然后为未来的分子。目的定量构效关系（构效关系）是找到预测作用之间的定量描述化合物的物理性质和反应的生物系统的思考。希望由此产生的构效关系将导致一个定义的分子功能/性能最重要的derterming活动，并指导研究生物活性的化合物系列。Unit11 P120
1、Answer the following questions:
(1)How many kinds of the route of drug administration are there?
①oral route②parenteral route③topical route
(2)Can you present these usual dosages for us of the drug that are administered orally?
①tablets②capsules③liquid oral
(3)How is an evaluation of a tablet’s properties made?
The actual physical design, manufacturing pracess, and complete chemical makeup of the tablet can have a profound effect on the efficacy of the drug being administered
2、Solid oral dosage forms are delivery systems presented as solid dose units readily administered by mouth. The group includes tablets, capsules, pills,and turunda(suppository), as well as bulk or unit-dose powder and granules. The group constitutes the most popular form of presentation, and tablets and capsules account for the greatest number of preparations in this category. The prime
reasons for this popularity includes: easy of accurate (yet versatile) measurement, good physical and chemical stability, competitive unit production costs, and an elegant distinctive appearance resulting in a high level of patient acceptability. Among the potential disadvantages are irritant effects on the gastrointestinal mucosa by some solids and the possibility of bioavailability problems caused by the fact that both effectivity (in most causes) and stability must take place before the drug is a available for absorption.
固体口服剂型的运载系统作为固体剂量单位容易管理的嘴。该集团包括片剂，胶囊，丸，和栓剂（栓），以及体积或单位剂量的粉末和颗粒。该组的最流行的形式，介绍，和片剂和胶囊占最大数量的筹备工作在这个类别。主要原因包括：容易普及准确（但多才多艺）测量，物理和化学稳定性好，具有竞争力的单位生产成本，和优雅的独特的外观，导致高水平的病人接受。其中潜在的缺点是刺激性影响胃肠粘膜的某些固体和可能的生物利用度的问题造成的事实，既有效性（在大多数的原因）和稳定之前必须发生的药物是一种可吸收。
4、片剂
Unit12 P127
1、Answer the following questions:
(1)Have you ever know the general methods and processes of the manufacture of tablet？
Yes
(2)What is the importance of manufacture granulation which tables are made from？
Such as compactness, physical stabiling, rapod production, capubilty chemical stability and efficacy, are in general distated primarily by the qualities of the granmlation from which it is made
(3)What components are included in general excipients in a tablet’s formula？All nondrug components
(4)Have you understood the principle of tablet compression operation？
2、One of the commonly used dosage forms oral is table t, the components in tablet’s formulation include general diluent, binder, disintegrant, lubricant, and making the granulation is an important process of tablet’s manufacture, the characteristics of a tablet depend basically on the qualities of the granulation, which must possess two characteristic: fluid ity and compressibi lity
.The wet g ranulation is a commonly used method of granulation, which involves wet massing of the powers, wet sizing or milling and drying. The idesl physical form of tablet materials is spheres.unfortunately, most materials do not asily form spheres, which must be processed by granulation for forming sphere like or regularly shaped agg regates.
一个常用的剂型口服片剂，片剂的配方成分包括稀释剂，粘合剂，崩解剂，润滑剂，和造粒的过程是一个重要的片的制作，特色的一片基本上取决于质量的造粒，其必须具备的特征：流动性和可压缩性。湿造粒方法常用的是肉芽组织，其中包括湿集结的权力，或研磨和干燥的湿上浆。理想的物理形式的片材料领域。不幸的是，大多数材料不容易形成领域，必须处理的肉芽组织形成球形或定期形成聚集体。
4 粒子
5、There are three essential methods of the manufacture of granulation for tablet compression, what are they?
Unit13 P135
1(1)Can you tell difference in quality control between the oral tablet and sterile products injected?
They are injected through the skin or mucous membranes into internal body compartment
(2)How is the quality of sterile products assured in-process？
assured in process :No extemporaneous changes are permitted to be made in these procedures, any change must go through the same approval steps as the original written sop. Further, extensive records must be kept to give assurance at the end of the preduction process that all steps have been preformed as prescribed, an aspect emphasized in the FDA’s Good Manufacturing Practices (3)What is the standard operating procedure(SOPs)？
To enhance the assurance of successful manufacturing operation, all process steps must be carefully reduced to writing after being shown to be effective (4)How is the water for injection usually prepared?
Producing high-purity water
Distillation and reverse osmosis, can be expected to remove undissociated substances along with those that are dissociated substances such as pyrogenus, however, could be present in the absence of ions and not be disclosed by the test
2、Complete the passage below:
Sterile product are dosage forms of therapeutic agent that are free of viable microorganisms, these include parenteral，ophthalmic and Irrigating preparations，because they are injected through the skin or mucuous membranes into internal body，parenteral products must be free from microbial contamination and from toxic components .
Sterile products are most frequently solutions or suspensions，the most frequently employed vehicle for sterile product is water the quality of water for injection (WFI) is required by pharmacopeia，which is superior quality required，the natural water contain generally dissociated and undissciated organic and inorganic substances which they must be essentially removed and set a permitted limits，contaminants are products of matabolism of microorganisms，the removal of pyrogens is very important for water for injection.
Water for injection is prepared by distillation or reverse osmosis.
无菌产品剂型的治疗剂，是免费的，可行的微生物，其中包括肠外，眼科和灌溉的筹备工作，因为他们是通过皮肤或粘膜进入人体内部，肠外产品必须免受微生物污染和有毒成分。无菌产品是最常见的溶液或悬浮液，最经常使用的车辆为无菌产品水水质注射（注射用水）所需的药典，是上乘的质量要求，自然含水量一般分离和undissciated有机和无机物质，它们必须是基本上消除，设置一个允许的限度，污染物产品代谢的微生物，去除热原是非常重要的注射用水。注射用水的制备蒸馏水或反渗透。
4、灭菌产品
5 、Why removal of pycogens is very important for WFI？
Usually by a thermal method, in a container that has dissolved to some extent in the water. Therefore, the solids content will be greater than for the nonsterlilzed product.
Unit14 P142
1、(1)What is the sustained release concept?
Sustained release, sustained action, prolonged action, controlled release, extended action, timed release, depot, and repository dosage forms are terms used to identify drug delivery systems that are designed to achieve a prolonged therapeutic effect by continuously releasing medication over an extended perior of time after administration of a single dose.
(2)What are the advantages of sustained release dosage forms?
Since the frequency of drug administration is reduced, patients compliance can be improved, and drug administration can be made more convenient as well. Is that the total amount of drug administered can be reduced, thus maximizing availability with a minimum dose. In addition, better control of drug absorption can be attained, since the high blood level peaks that may be observed after administration of a dose of a high availability drug can be reduce by formulation in an extend action form. The safety margin of high potency drugs can be increased and the incidence of both local and systemic adverse side effects can be reduced in sensitive patients. Overall, administration of sustained release forms enables increased reliability of therapy.
(3)What methods are employed for in vitro measurement of drug availability? Using either the rotating basket, the paddle, or the modified disintegration testing apparatus.
2. Complete the passage below.
The effectiveness of drug’s therapy correlate in general with availability of in vivo drugs, which are influenced by absorption, disposition, metabolism, excretion,and elimination of drug in internal body.
Sustained release and sustained action are terms used to identity drug delivery system that are designed to achieve a prolonged therapeutic effect by continuously releasing medication over an extended period of time.
Term “controlled release” has associated to deliverance automatic predefined rates over a long period of time.
During the development stage, the effect of sustained release is simulated by in citro testing with the specification permissible of pharmacopoeia.
药物的有效性的治疗相关的一般可用性体内的药物，这是影响吸收，处置，代谢，排泄，和消除药物在人体内部。
缓释和持续的行动是用来识别药物输送系统，目的是实现长期治疗效果的持续释放药物在一段长时间。
术语“控释”相关的救助自动预定率在很长一段时间。
在发展阶段，持续的影响释放模拟在目标测试规范允许的药典。
4、吸收
Unit16 P158
1．Answer the following questions:
(1) What kinds of the reactor are often used in pharmaceutical factories ？
All reactors have in common selected characteristics of four basic reactor types: the well-stirred batch reactor, the semi batch reactor, the continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor, and the tubular reactor (Fig.1).
(2) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Continuous-Flow Stirred-Tank reactor？
The CSTR is the idealized opposite of the well-stirred batch and tubular plug-flow reactors. Analysis of selected combinations of these reactor types can be useful in quantitatively evaluating more complex gas-, liquid-, and solid-flow behaviors. (3) Could you give some production examples that use multiphase reactors？Rotary kilns, belt dryers, and travelling grates are examples.
(4) What kind of the reactor does a jacked fermentor belong to？
Continuous-Flow Stirred-Tank Reactor.
Unit18
1、(1) Do you know the typical applications of the main types of crystallizer? Separation, purification, concentration, solidification.
(2) What are the factors that determine the product quality?
Key determinants of product quality are the size distribution(including mean and spread), the morphology (including habit or shape and form), and purity. Of course, only the last is important with other separation processes.
(3) Can you show the features of some basic types of drying?
Reason for drying include user convenience, shipping cost reduction, product stabilization, removal of noxious or toxic volatiles, and waste recycling and disposal.
(4) What are the differences between drying and evaporation?
This is commonly done by evaporation, but the derived juices may lose flavor components or undergo thermal degradation during evaporation. Evaporation differs from drying in that feed and product are both pumpable fluids.
考试题型
1.Put the following into Chinese/English：
（1）heat sink; crystallization; packed column; sustain; enzyme
散热片；结晶；填料塔；维持；酶
（2）重结晶；肠胃系统；稳定态；沉淀物；中试工厂
recrystallization; gastrointestinal system; steady state; sediment; pilot plant
https://www.doczj.com/doc/29529746.html,plete the passage below：
Term“controlled release” has associated to deliverance automatic predefined (rates) over a long period of time.
It may merely be noted that such careful control applies not only to the products, ( ) to the raw materials, and also to the ( ).
3.Answer the following questions：
1 What is the difference between the synthetic drugs and traditional Chinese herbal medicine？
synthetic drugs include the most important of synthetics and semi-sythetic products, however, natural products are frequently needed as starting materials or intermediates for important synthetic products.
2 What are the advantage of sustained release dosage forms？
Since the frequency of drug administration is reduced, patients compliance can be improved, and drug administration can be made more convenient as well. Is that the total amount of drug administered can be reduced, thus maximizing availability with a minimum dose. In addition, better control of drug absorption can be attained, since the high blood level peaks that may be observed after administration of a dose of a high availability drug can be reduce by formulation in an extend action form. The safety margin of high potency drugs can be increased and the incidence of both local and systemic adverse side effects can be reduced in sensitive patients. Overall, administration of sustained release forms enables increased reliability of therapy.
4.Write a short essay based on the following paragraph with not more than 250 words：
Depending on their production or origin pharmaceutical agents can be split into three groups.
《会计专业英语》模拟试题及答案 一、单选题（每题1分，共20分） 1. Which of the following statements about accounting concepts or assumptions are correct? 1）The money measurement assumption is that items in accounts are initially measured at their historical cost. 2）In order to achieve comparability it may sometimes be necessary to override the prudence concept. 3）To facilitate comparisons between different entities it is helpful if accounting policies and changes in them are disclosed. 4）To comply with the law, the legal form of a transaction must always be reflected in financial statements. A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 3 only D 2 and 3 Johnny had receivables of $5 500 at the start of 2010. During the year to 31 Dec 2010 he makes credit sales of $55 000 and receives cash of $46 500 from credit customers. What is the balance on the accounts receivables at 31 Dec 2010? $8 500 Dr $8 500 Cr $14 000 Dr $14 000 Cr Should dividends paid appear on the face of a company’s cash flow statement? Yes No Not sure Either Which of the following inventory valuation methods is likely to lead to the highest figure for closing inventory at a time when prices are dropping? Weighted Average cost First in first out (FIFO) Last in first out (LIFO) Unit cost 5. Which of following items may appear as non-current assets in a company’s the statement of financial position? (1) plant, equipment, and property (2) company car (3) €4000 cash (4) €1000 cheque A. (1), (3) B. (1), (2) C. (2), (3)
2010-2011第二学期专业英语试卷A答案 1.Translate the following Chinese terms into English ( one point for each,20 points for all) 1) 汽车与工程机械automobile and construction machinery 2) 筑路机械road-making machine 3) 发电机generator 4) 起动马达self starter 5) 方向盘steering wheel 6) 进气门inlet valve 7) 齿轮泵gear pump 8) 机油滤清器oil filter 9) 差速器differential 10) 摩擦式离合器friction clutch 11) 蓄电瓶storage battery 12) 铲土运输机scraper 13) 塔式起重机tower crane 14) 叉车fork lift 15) 商业车辆commercial vehicle 16) 变速箱transmission box (gear box) 17) 带式输送机belt conveyer 18) 步履式挖掘机walking excavator 19) 颚式砸机jaw crusher 20) 履带和轮胎track and tire 2.Translate the following English terms into Chinese (one point for each, total 20 points) 1) gasoline and diesel 汽油和柴油 2) flywheel and cam 飞轮和凸轮 3) disk brake 盘式制动器 4) mechanical vibration 机械振动 5) power steering 动力转向 6) vibratory roller 振动式压路机 7) hydraulic torque converter 液力变矩器 8) piston ring 活塞环 9) suspension system 悬挂系统 10) cab and chassis 驾驶室与底盘 11) radiator 散热器 12) fuel-injection system 燃油喷射系统 13) air compressor 空气压缩机 14) lubrication and lubricant 润滑与润滑剂
2.1 数学、方程与比例 （1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. （2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. （3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. （4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。 Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. （5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. （6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. （7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。 Equations are of very great use. We can use equations in many mathematical problems. （8）解方程时要进行一系列移项和同解变形，最后求出它的根，即未知量的值。To solve the equation means to move and change the terms about without making the equation untrue, until the root of the equation is obtained, which is the value of unknown term. 2.2 几何与三角 （1）许多专家都认为数学是学习其他科学技术的必备基础和先决条件。 Many experts recognize that mathematics is the necessary foundation and prerequisite of studying other science technology. （2）西方国家的专家认为几何起源于巴比伦和埃及人的土地测量技术，其实中国古代的数学家对几何做了许多出色的研究。 The western experts think that geometry had its origin in the measurements by the Babylonians and Egyptians of their lands. Infect, the ancient Chinese mathematicians made much remarkable study for geometry. （3）几何的学习使学生在思考问题时更周密和审慎，他们将不会盲目接受任何结论。 In studying geometry, the student is taught to think clearly and critically and he is led away from the practice of blind acceptance of any conclusions. （4）数学培养学生的分析问题的能力，使他们能应用毅力、创造性和逻辑推理来解决问题。
数学专业英语课后答案
2.1数学、方程与比例 词组翻译 1.数学分支branches of mathematics，算数arithmetics，几何学geometry，代数学algebra，三角学trigonometry，高等数学higher mathematics，初等数学elementary mathematics，高等代数higher algebra，数学分析mathematical analysis，函数论function theory，微分方程differential equation 2.命题proposition，公理axiom，公设postulate，定义definition，定理theorem，引理lemma，推论deduction 3.形form，数number，数字numeral，数值numerical value，图形figure，公式formula，符号notation(symbol)，记法/记号sign，图表chart 4.概念conception，相等equality，成立/真true，不成立/不真untrue，等式equation，恒等式identity，条件等式equation of condition，项/术语term，集set，函数function，常数constant，方程equation，线性方程linear equation，二次方程quadratic equation 5.运算operation，加法addition，减法subtraction，乘法multiplication，除法division，证明proof，推理deduction，逻辑推理logical deduction 6.测量土地to measure land，推导定理to deduce theorems，指定的运算indicated operation，获得结论to obtain the conclusions，占据中心地位to occupy the centric place 汉译英 （1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. （2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. （3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。 Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. （4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. （5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. （6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. （7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。
广东纺织职业技术学院2010～2011学年第一学期 《专业英语》期中考试参考答案 一、单词翻译（英译汉） titrimetric 滴定的analysis 分析 reagent 试剂titrant 滴定剂 flask 烧瓶oxidation 氧化 precision 精密度standard solution 标准溶液sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠Equilibrium constant 平衡常数equilibrium. 平衡manifest 出现，表明equilibrium concentration 平衡浓度frictional flow 有摩擦的流动ionization constant 电离常数correct for 做……的修正molarity 物质的量浓度compressed gas 压缩气体neutralization 中和device 装置，设备plus 正的，加的elevation 海拔，地理高度neutral 中性的positive-displacement 正位移 meter 米，公尺，计， 表，仪表 reciprocating 往复的，来回的sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠piston 活塞 external 外部的(常与to 搭配) centrifugal pump 离心泵，离心抽 机 in the absence of 缺乏……时， 当……不在时 rotational 转动的，轮流的 at the expense of 归……付费，在 损害……的情况 下 rotational velocity 旋转速度 compensation 补偿，赔偿stream 溪，川，流，一 股，一串，河流 specific 特定的upstream station 上游截面 streamline .流线downstream station 下游截面 二、单词翻译（汉译英） normal to surface 垂直于传热面discharge 滤饼卸料 correspondence 符合，一致ceramic 陶器的 momentum 动量，动力，要素filtrate 滤液 momentum transfer 动量传递opening 孔 random motion 随机运动，无规则 运动 colloidal particle 胶体微粒 diffused 扩散的configuration 构造，配置 adjacent .邻近的，接近的fluctuation . 波动，起伏 vibrating 振动的，振荡的atm(atmosphere) 大气压(1atm＝ 101. 3 kPa) bulk temperature (远离表面的)流vane (风车、螺旋桨等
2.1数学、方程与比例 词组翻译 1.数学分支branches of mathematics，算数arithmetics，几何学geometry，代数学algebra，三角学trigonometry，高等数学higher mathematics，初等数学elementary mathematics，高等代数higher algebra，数学分析mathematical analysis，函数论function theory，微分方程differential equation 2.命题proposition，公理axiom，公设postulate，定义definition，定理theorem，引理lemma，推论deduction 3.形form，数number，数字numeral，数值numerical value，图形figure，公式formula，符号notation(symbol)，记法/记号sign，图表chart 4.概念conception，相等equality，成立/真true，不成立/不真untrue，等式equation，恒等式identity，条件等式equation of condition，项/术语term，集set，函数function，常数constant，方程equation，线性方程linear equation，二次方程quadratic equation 5.运算operation，加法addition，减法subtraction，乘法multiplication，除法division，证明proof，推理deduction，逻辑推理logical deduction 6.测量土地to measure land，推导定理to deduce theorems，指定的运算indicated operation，获得结论to obtain the conclusions，占据中心地位to occupy the centric place 汉译英 （1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. （2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. （3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。 Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. （4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。 Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. （5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. （6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. （7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。
一、Give out the full names for the following abbreviations(写出下列缩写词的全称)（15%） WAN__________________________________________________ HTTP__________________________________________________ NT____________________________________________________ CEO__________________________________________________ DBMS________________________________________________ ISP___________________________________________________ XML__________________________________________________ BIOS_________________________________________________ IT____________________________________________________ WWW_______________________________________________ 二、Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right )（10%） 1. output devices a. 操作系统 2. silicon b. 扩展存储器 3. expanded memory c. 硅 4. database administrator d. 输出设备 5. operating system e. 汇编语言 6. assembly language f. 数据库管理员 7. gateway g. 数字图像处理 8. laser technology h. 网关 9. digital image processing i. 制造过程 10.manufacturing process j. 激光技术 1. （ ） 6. （ ） 2. （ ） 7. （ ） 3. （ ） 8. （ ）
分1. There can be no doubt the 1900s is remembered as the electronic century. A. which B. that C. what 2. Electrons, as one knows, are minute charge of electricity. A. negative B. positive C. reverse 3. A resistor is an electrical component that the flow of electrical current. A. increases B. changes C. resists 4. Frequency is the reciprocal of the period, if the period is 4ms, then the frequency would be . A. 4m/s B. C. 25Hz 5. The sixth power of two is . A. 12 B. 36 C. 64 6. A capacitor will block current, but appears to pass current by charging and discharging. A. DC …IC B. AC …DC C.
DC …. AC 7. For a 4-band resistor with “color code ”, the first band is the values. A. hundreds B. tens C. ten 8. An electronic device often used for amplifying voltage and current is _____________. A. transistor B. conductor C. diode 9. In a diode, current flows in ________ direction across the junction. A. only one B. two C. three 10. A __________ amplifier provides signal amplification with little or no distortion, so that the output is proportional to the input. A. nonlinear B. linear C. 1.电压有效值（ ） 2. 微处理器（ ） 3.电子元件（ ） 4.公共端插孔（ ） 5.外阻（ ） 6.放大器（ ） 7.脉冲直流（ ） 8.电压源（ ） 9.系统设计（ ） 10.逻辑运 算（ ） （1）internal resistance （2） pulsating DC （3）voltage sources （4）logic circuits （5）RMS voltage （6）logic operation （7）external resistance （8）number systems （9）Microprocessor （10）amplifier （11）common jack （12）digital logic circuits （13）system design （14）anode of diode （15）electrical 三、短语翻译（每小题 2 分，共 20 分） 1. Passive electrical circuits 2. Assembler language 3. The address bus 4. Analog multimeter 5. Semiconductor material 6. chip holders 7. peak-to-peak voltage 8. dual-trace oscilloscope 9. Flowchart 10. Signal generator 四、句子翻译（每小题 5 分，共 201. The impact of digital integrated circuits on our modern society has been pervasive. Without them, the
“数学专业英语一次函数专题”教学设计 1. 教学内容及解析 教学内容：与直角坐标系及一次函数相关的英语文献资料 内容解析：本节内容应从两个方面去考虑. 一方面，从数学知识的角度，本节所涉及的是从平面直角坐标系到一次函数的数学知识，都是学生学过的基础知识及其应用，是对于这些知识的拉练式复习，并作为后面用英语叙述解答相关问题知识基础；另一方面，从语言的角度，学生会接触到大量没有接触过，但他们却很熟悉的英语词汇及短语，主动学习的学生可以在老师的指导下快速理解其含义并加入到自己的知识体系中，但需要花时间巩固，是需要读、写、说来巩固的内容. 这也正是本节的重点和难点所在. 2. 教学目标及解析 教学目标：①能根据已有的数学知识和给出的单词对照表，将给出的相关数学定理及结论的英语版本翻译为中文；②能理解并解答用英语表述的相关数学问题；③能将解决数学问题的过程用英语进行书面表述；④初步了解用英语表达与直角坐标系及一次函数相关数学理论的范式. 目标解析：学生掌握基本词汇，并能阅读与本节内容相关的英语文献，是学习和使用数学专业英语的最基本要求，学生需要在学习的过程中逐渐由接受，即阅读或聆听，逐渐向输出，即书面和口头表达的方向发展. 为达到此目标，学生需要在课前独立完成对于本节需要的单词的学习，并阅读一系列简短的相关数学文献，并在这个过程中初步体会数学专业英语的表达范式；在课堂上，在教师的指导下对自己的认知进一步补充，并进行一定量的练习，暴露自己的问题，在教师的帮助下修正问题，完善认知. 3. 教学问题诊断分析 学生在进行语言表达时，往往受到母语的限制，对于非母语的表达方式的接受能力一时难以习惯，而数学对于表达能力则有更高的要求，要求叙述简洁、逻辑清晰，因此本教学设计强调学生在有相当阅读量的积累后，通过自主练习，逐渐感受用英语表达数学理论的基本范式. 教师在教学过程中的主要任务在于为学生提供合适的学习资料，在学生学习的过程中给予提示与指导，及时指出学生的问题并予以纠正. 对于语言的学习，阅读量的积累是至关重要的，教师在课堂上的讲解、学生在课堂上的练习，都只是学习的一部分环节，如果需要帮助学生正确掌握表达数学理论的范式，尽量不留死角，就必须保证课前预习和课后复习的有效性，预习复习材料的充足性，这对教师的教学资料的积累和学生自主学习能力，都是一个挑战. 4. 教学支持条件分析 学情条件：初二8班是实验班，学生有较强的学习热情和好奇心，也知道课前预习、课上参与学习活动、课后复习的重要性，在曾经的数学课程教学中，也有一定的课前预习，课堂讨论的传统，对于本教学设计的各个环节，是可以理解教师的用意，并遵循教师的指导进行学习活动. 在知识层面上，学生已经系统学习过一次函数相关的知识，课程中提供的学习资料都是学生熟悉的数学知识；学生在英语学习上，已经有多年的积累，对于英语语法的学
物流专业英语试卷 一、Translation(30分) 1．Container transport 2．International freight forwarding agent 3．Order cycle time 4．Inventory turnover 5．Environmental logistics 6．Carrying cost 7．Material handling 8．Demand forecasting 9．Reverse logistics 10．Agile logistics 11．Third-party logistics 12．Initial investment 13．Warehouse facility 14．Material procurement 15．Point of consumption 16．多式联运 17．分销渠道 18．条码 19．订单处理 20．保税仓库 21．前置期 22．叉车 23．门到门 24．准时制物流 25．拣选 26．提货单 27．发货区 28．进口税 29．规模经济 30．供应链整合 二、Translate the sentences into Chinese(40分) 1、Customer service involves getting the right product to the right customer at the right place, in the right condition and at the right time, at the lowest total cost possible.
1.Why are cast metal sheet ingots hot-rolled first instead of being cold-rolled? Because of cold rolling is to use hot rolled steel coils as the raw material, after acid pickling to remove oxide skin for cold rolling, the finished product is hard roll, because of cold work hardening caused by deformation of continuous cold rolling hard roll strength, increase hardness, toughness and plastic index decreased, so the stamping performance will deteriorate, can only be used for simple deformation of the parts 2.What type of heat treatment is given to the rolled metal sheet after hot and “warm” rolling? What is its purpose? 轧钢的热处理的类型？轧钢热处理的目的？ Heat treatment of the main types are annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, solution treatment and aging treatment, cold treatment, chemical treatment, etc. Annealing： The steel is heated to a certain temperature and heat preservation for a period of time, and then make it slowly cooling, called annealing. Steel annealing is a heat the steel to the phase change or part of the phase change temperature, slow cooling after heat preservation heat treatment method. The purpose of annealing is to eliminate tissue defects, improve the organization make composition uniformity and fine grains, increase mechanical properties of the steel, reduce residual stress; Can decrease the hardness at the same time, improve the plasticity and toughness, improve machinability. So before annealing in order to eliminate and improve both the legacy of tissue defects and internal stress, and to prepare for the follow-up process, so the annealing is belong to the intermediate heat treatment, also called heat treatment in advance Normalizing： Normalizing is heated to above the critical temperature of steel, to all into homogeneous austenitic steel, heat treatment and natural cooling in air. It can eliminate hypereutectoid steel mesh cementite, for hyposteel normalizing can refine crystal lattice, improve comprehensive mechanical properties, low requirements for the parts use the normalized instead of the annealing process is more economic. Quenching: Quenching is the steel is heated to above the critical temperature, heat preservation for a period of time, then quickly into the quenching medium, the temperature plummeted, rapid cooling at greater than the critical cooling rate of speed, which is mainly composed of martensite and unbalanced heat treatment method of the organization. Can increase strength and hardness of the steel quenching, but to reduce its plasticity. That is commonly used in quenching hardening agent are: water, oil, caustic soda, and salt solution, etc
第一章 数学专业英语的阅读和翻译初级阶段 1.1 数学专业英语的基本特点 一 注意对客观事实与真理的描述： 1. 语句事态的使用上常用一般现在时 例 An equation is a statement of the equality between two equal numbers or number symbols. 2. 被动语态出现频率高“It is …”句型也使用得多 例 It is cleat that any function defined for all positive real x may be used to construct a sequence by restricting x to take only integer values. 3. 主动语态句型也多数用于强调事实，而不是强调行为发出者及其情感 例 1：Given ε> 0，there exits a number N>0. such that ε<-a a n for all n ≥N 例 2：Since h(x) is harmonic on a neighborhood of B(a,r), we have )()()(a h x d x h B =? ?σ “we have ” =one has 可省略 译为 “可以得出”什么结论 二 科学内容的完整性与表达形式的精炼性要求 三 数学的专业性十分典型 1、有的概念可能有几个同义词 如“计算”有： count calculate calculation calculus compute computation 2、同一词根的次和词组很多，如： Integrability 可积性 integrable 可积的 integral 积分，积分的，整数的 integral calculus 积分学 integralization 整化 integrate 积分 3、半专业词汇多是出现频率高 如: function 函数 functional 泛函 power 幂 set 假定，令
广东纺织职业技术学院2010～2011学年第一学期 《专业英语》期中试卷 考试时间：120分钟考试形式：开卷适用专业：班级：学号：姓名：成绩： 各题20分 一、单词翻译（英译汉） titrimetric analysis reagent titrant flask oxidation precision standard solution sodium hydroxide Equilibrium constant equilibrium. manifest equilibrium concentration frictional flow ionization constant correct for molarity compressed gas neutralization device plus elevation neutral positive-displacement meter reciprocating sodium hydroxide piston external centrifugal pump in the absence of rotational at the expense of rotational velocity compensation stream specific upstream station streamline downstream station 二、单词翻译（汉译英） 垂直于传热面滤饼卸料 符合，一致陶器的 动量，动力，要素滤液 动量传递孔 随机运动，无规则 运动 胶体微粒 扩散的构造，配置 .邻近的，接近的. 波动，起伏 振动的，振荡的大气压(1atm＝ 101. 3 kPa) (远离表面的)流 体(本体)温度 (风车、螺旋桨等 的)翼，叶片 目录，目录册切线的 线性相关蜗壳形式