2014年职称英语综合A类教材新增文章(汇总整理)

2014年职称英语教材新增文章_理工类（A）阅读判断第十一篇 Bill Gates: Unleashing Your CreativityI've always been an optimist and I suppose it is rooted inl my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the. world a better place.For as long as I can remember, I've loved leaning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today. 2 But. it changed my life.When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of“a computer on every desk and in every home" , which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have.And after 30 years, I'm still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness-to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn't solve on their own.Computer have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world's knowledge. They're helping us build communicates around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day I love to do. He calls it "tap-dancing to work". My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me "tap-dancing to the work" is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime's worth of photos, and the say: "I didn't know you can do that with a pc!"But for all the cool things that a person can do with a pc, there are lots other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility tp give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant. or tragic than the death of a child anywhere else. And that doesn't take much to make an immense difference in these children's lives.I'm still very optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world's toughest problems is possible-and it's happening every day. We're seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.I'm excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness , creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we're going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.词汇：unleash [ʌnˈliʃ] vt．解开；放纵；使自由inspire [ɪnˈspaɪr] vt．鼓舞optimist[ˈɔptəmɪst] n，乐观主义者incredible [inˈkredəbl] adj.难以置信的clunky (clonky) ['klʌŋki] adj 发出沉闷金属声的curiosity [ˌkjuəriˈɔsiti] n．好奇心inventiveness n．发明创造的能力teletype[ˈteliˌtaip] (teletype-writer)n．电传，打字机poignant[ˈpɔinənt] adj.令人悲痛的，可怜的tragic [ˈtrædʒik] adj.悲剧的，悲惨的vision[ˈviʒən] n．想象；幻想；美景immense [iˈmens] adj.巨大的注释：1．be rooted in扎根于；深深地存在于2.it was a clunky old teletypemachine and it could barely do anything compared the computers we have today．那是一台笨重的旧式电传打字机，跟我们今天的电脑相比几乎于不了什么事。

2014年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文（3）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。

小编为您整理职称英语教材中，补全短文部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。

Are Online Friends Real Friends?Modern computer technology has made a new kind of human relationship possible: online friendship. ____(1)____. Are online friendships as beneficial as face-to-face friendships? What are the advantages and disadvantages of having virtual friends? Can people form strong bonds online? Today these questions are the subject of lively debate1.Some people believe that the Internet is the best way to make new friends. It’s convenient, it’s fast, and it allows to make contact with different kinds of people from all over the world. When you use social networking websites and chat rooms, you can easily find people with interests and hobbies similar to yours2. Information updates and photos add to the experience. Making friends on the Internet is especially good for shy people who feel uncomfortable in social situations. It’s often easier to share thoughts and feelings online. ____(2)____. They can make people feel less lonely and help them solve problems.Although the Internet can encourage friendship, it has a major disadvantage. ____(3)____. Online friends only tell you what they want you to know. They sometimes exaggerate their good qualities and hid e the less positive ones, so you can’t be sure of what they really like3. That is why you should not give personal information to anyone online unless you’re totally sure of who that person is.Can online friendship be as meaningful as face-to-face ones? There are different points of view. Researchers at the University of Southern California surveyed 2,000 households in the United States. The results showed that more than 40 percent of participants feel “as strongly about their online buddies”as they do about their “offline”friends. ____(4)____. In contrast, there are many people who believe that it’s not possible to have deep relationships with online friends. A young Indian software engineer, Lalitha Lakshmipathy，says，“it’s good to feel connected with many people, but all my e-buddies are not necessarily my close friends. ”____(5)____. They say that it’s hard to develop feelings of trust and connectionwhen you don’t share experiences in person4.People continue to express different opinions about online friendship. However, most of them would agree that virtual friendships must not replace face-to-face friendships. As one life coach says, “a social networking site should only be the ‘add on’ in any relationship.”注释：1.Today these questions are the subject of lively debate.：现今这些问题成了人们热议的话题。

2014理工A阅读理解、完型填空、新增文章复习资料目录阅读理解+第三十四篇Batteries Built by Viruses+第三十五篇Putting Plants to Work （2013理工B真题）+第三十六篇Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning+第三十七篇"Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning+第三十八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan（2012真题）+第三十九篇Clone Farm+第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety（2012新增文章）+ 第四十一篇Too Little for Global Warming+ 第四十二篇Renewable Energy Sources+ 第四十三篇Forecasting Methods（2013理工A真题）+ 第四十四篇Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed+ 第四十五篇Small But Wise （2012年真题）+ 第四十六篇Ants have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"（2012新增文章）+ 第四十七篇Listening to Birdsong+ 第四十八篇Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright （2013教材新增）+ 第四十九篇U. S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars+ 第五十篇Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities完型填空：+第十五篇（2012新增）"Liquefaction" Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage+第十二篇（2012新增）Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk*第十篇（2012新增）Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort Food Fights Loneliness+第十四篇Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters2014年教材新增文章第二部分阅读判断*第八篇What Is a Dream?*第十篇The Biology of Music+第十一篇Bill Gates: Unleashing Your Creativity+第十四篇Stage Fright第四部分阅读理解*第二十九篇I’ll Be Bach第五部分补全短文第四篇The Bilingual Brain*第十篇How Deafness Makes It Easier to Hear+第十五篇 A Memory Drug?理工A复习说明：2014 阅读理解带加号，重点要求17篇，第34-50篇，较2013年增加了7篇文章（这7篇原来是2013理工B的文章）这里注意下，第35篇Putting Plants to Work（非2013新增文章）是2013年理工B的真题，2014年应该不会考到。

2015年学派网职称英语课程导学课程链接：/kecheng/english/zhicheng/一、2014年职称英语考试命题原则重大调整往年职称英语考试命题原则和规律：阅读理解有一篇来自教材中的阅读理解（15分）（一般不跨类别和级别）；完形填空来自教材中的完形填空（15分）（一般不跨类别和级别）。

2014年职称英语真题9套试卷中共有22篇来自教材详见下表：二、2014年职称英语考试命题原则总结1. 真题中至少有一篇阅读理解文章来自教材同级别的文章阅读判断、补全短文、概括大意与完成句子。

2. 真题中的完形填空文章来自教材同级别阅读理解、补全短文。

3. 文章本身没有做大的改动，只是改变了出题形式（如阅读判断改为阅读理解出题形式——跨题型）。

4. 个别有跨级别跨类别的现象，但是文章也是来自难度较低的级别。

三、学派网重建2015职称英语课程体系2015年学派网职称英语还是由学派名师王霞主讲。

试题的命题原则和方向决定了我们的课程体系，随着出题思路的变化，我们的课程也做出了重大调整。

以下是学派网2015年职称英语课程设计。

1. 词汇微课针对词汇量小的学员设计的课程，我们根据对职称英语教材和历年真题的总结筛选出300来个高频词，这些词汇对于理解文章的内容起到关键的作用，有时还是重要的出题点。

也就是说这些词是我们阅读职称英语文章的必备词汇。

首先通过典型例句帮你理解单词的基本含义；词源解析帮你从词根角度更容易的记住单词，举一反三，联想记忆。

最后老师还列举了与此有关的对比词，派生词和近义词。

2. 语法微课1）最基本的语法知识2）历年真题间接考到的语法知识3. 教材精讲首先从教材筛选出重要的文章，（不仅限于阅读理解），逐字逐句的阅读和讲解，这样就能帮助学员把握住教材中的复习重点，其实通过大量的阅读之后，也能提升大家的阅读理解能力。

4. 答题技巧针对词汇选项、阅读判断、概括大意与完成句子、阅读理解、补全短文与完形填空六大题型在答题过程中我们可以利用的答题思路和技巧进行详细的讨论和讲解；结合历年真题分析这六种题型基本的出题形式、常见的考点、常见的陷阱，以及应对办法。

2014职称英语综合A 阅读理解（34-50篇）34逃亡在宾馆里闲待一个下午是很无聊的。

巡回乐团道具管理组的成员在用美元玩儿游戏，把纸币折成纸飞机的形状然后看谁飞得最远。

因为没有什么事情可以做，我加入了他们并且贏了五局，之后我找了个机会带着我贏的钱退出了游戏。

尽管天色看起来不是很好，我还是决定出去走一走o我向前走到了街道另一边的一个小店里。

与其他的小店不同，它没有吸引眼球的名字和主要经营的项目，取而代之的是普通的霓虹灯，里面则是吸引人的强光。

奇怪的是并没有什么影子映射在窗户上。

我并没有因为这个而停住脚步，我走了进去。

我屏住呼吸，不知道看哪里也不知道从哪里开始看。

一面墙上挂着三个手工缝制的美国壁毯，十分美丽，可能是新做的。

我穿过易拉罐和散落的小玩意儿还有古董家具，在我面前的一面墙上挂着一个崭新的1957年的Straocaster吉他。

一张五十美元的卡插在琴弦上。

我的手抚摸着放唱片的架子，读着标题。

这里还有很多的……“我可以帮助你吗？”她吓了我一跳。

我没有看见在柜台后面的女人。

她看我的方式如此居高临下，这一时让我很紧张像是被一种磁场或是电场紧紧包裹住。

很难避开那个眼神。

但是尽管很不舒服，我还是觉得那种被直视的感觉很美妙，那种感觉对我来说不陌生，对她来说也不陌生oi了愉悦以外她的神情还流露出慈爱和怜悯。

我猜不出她的年龄。

尽管她的眼神充满了友善，她使我想起了我的祖母。

我能感觉到她是一个不喜欢与人争吵的人。

最后我开口说话，“我真的只是看看”，私下里却在好奇有多少东西能够塞进汽车。

她转身离开到后面的屋子，示意我应该跟随其后，但这并非是第一个房间，房间的灯光也让我感觉很特别，灯光来自天花板上的油饤，使一切都笼罩在巨大的阴影之下。

这里没有罕见的电吉他，没有古老的项链，没有鲜花装饰的手绘盒子。

很明显它是陈旧的用来存放垃圾和那些平淡无奇的旧文献的。

我发现了一些旧书，那些金字巳经退去使题目很难辨认。

“它们看起来很有趣。

目录综合类C级： (2)Shark Attack ! 【小心鲨鱼!】 (2)The Travels of Ibn Battuta【伊本白图泰游记】 (3)综合类B级： (5)Income【收入】 (5)I'II Be Bach【我也能成为巴赫】【2014年新增文章】 (6)Oseola McCarty 【老妇人】 (8)综合类A级： (9)To Have and Have Not【逃亡】 (9)Life as a Movie Extra【群众演员的人生】【2014年新增】 (11)综合类C级：Shark Attack ! 【小心鲨鱼!】Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave, when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board. "I could have touched its eye with my elbow," says Craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn't heard a thing.In his horror and confusion, he waved his arms and accidentally cut two of his fingers on the shark's teeth. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the water below.Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as they can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. 0nly 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2,200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3,000 teeth arranged in several rows, they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why is it, then, that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten.The most common explanation is that great whites don't see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet. There is reason to doubt this, however. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also, when attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that humans are not a high---fat meal. “They spit us out because we're too bony,” says Aidan Martin, director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research.Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things. It's possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat, but also to gather information. Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers, when sharks bite surfboards of other objects or people, they are likely just trying to learn what they are.练习：1. After Craig Rogers fell into the water, the shark __________.A) bit his surfboardB) bit his fingersC) swam awayD) attacked him2. It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites ________.A) often let humans escapeB) kill humansC) have so many teethD) grow to six meters or more3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line 2 of paragraph 4?A) create.B)are.C)increase.D)depend upon.4. The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means __________.A) people'sB) great whites'C) sea lions'D) seals'5. What is the main idea of the forth paragraph?A) Great whites eat low-fat, bony meals more slowly.B) Great whites see well enough to include seals, sea lions, and humans in their diet.C) We now know great whites don't mistake humans for other animals.D) There is reason to doubt that great whites see well enough to attack humans.1. 答案：C2. 答案：A3. 答案：B4. 答案：B5. 答案：CThe Travels of Ibn Battuta【伊本白图泰游记】“I left Tangier, my birthplace, the 13th of June 1325 with the intention of making the pilgrimage [to Mecca]...to leave all my friends both female and male, to abandon my home as birds abandon their nests.” So begins an old manuscript in a library in Paris-the travel journal of Ibn Battuta.Almost two centuries before Columbus, this young Moroccan set off for Mecca, returning home three decades later as one of history's great travelers. Driven by curiosity, he journeyed to remote corners of the Islamic world, traveling through 44 modem countries, three times as far as Marco Polo. Little celebrated in the West, his name is well known among Arabs. In his hometown of Tangier, a square, a hotel, a cafe, a ferry boat, and even a hamburger are named after him.Ibn Battuta stayed in Mecca as a student for several years, but the urge to travel soon took over. In one adventure, he traveled to India seeking profitable employment with the Sultan of Delhi. 0n the way, he described his group being attacked in the open country by 80 men on foot, and two horsemen: “we fought…killing one of their horsemen and about twelve of the foot soldiers…．I was hit by an arrow and my horse by another, but God in his grace preserved me…．We carried the heads of the slain to the castle of Abu Bak'har…and suspended them from the wall.” In Delhi, the sultan gave him the position of judge, based on his prior study at Mecca. But the sultan had an unpredictable character, and Ibn Battuta looked for an opportunity to leave. When the sultan offered to finance a trip to China, he agreed. Ibn Battuta set off in three ships, butmisfortune struck while he was still on the shore. A sudden storm grounded and broke up two ships, scattering treasure and drowning many people and horses. As he watched, the third ship, with all his belongings and slaves—one carrying his child—was carried out to sea and never heard from again.After a lifetime of incredible adventures, Ibn Battuta was finally ordered by the Sultan of Morocco to return home to share his wisdom with the world. Fortunately, he consented and wrote a book that has been translated into numerous languages, allowing people everywhere to read about his unparalleled journeys.练习：1. What is the passage mainly about?A) Visitors to Mecca.B) The adventures of Ibn Battuta.C) Ibn Battuta's character.D) Asian countries of the 14th century.2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to set off for in line 5?A) left to go toB) discussed.C) arrived at.D) decided upon.3. The Sultan of Delhi gave Ibn Battuta a position of judge because _____A) the sultan needed a translator.B) Ibn Battuta had been a judge before.C) Ibn Battuta had studied in Mecca.D) Ibn Battuta had traveled to many countries.4. Which of the following would the writer of this passage most likely agree with？A) Ibn Battuta's journeys were very common for people of that time.B) Ibn Battuta's stories are probably not true.C) Ibn Battuta's journey was less important than Marco Polo's.D) Ibn Battuta should be better known in the West today.5. Why did Ibn Battuta finally return to his home?A) He was tired of traveling.B) He didn't have any more money.C) He feared the Sultan of Delhi.D) The Sultan of Morocco asked him to return.1. 答案：B2. 答案：A3. 答案：C4. 答案：D5. 答案：D综合类B级：Income【收入】Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production—namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP(Gross National Product)because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxes, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.Whereas national income shows the income that the factors of production earn, personal income measures the income that individuals or households receive. Corporation profits are included in national income because they are earned. Out of these profits, however, corporation profit taxes must be paid to government, and some money must be put into the business for expansion. Only that part of profits distributed as dividends goes to the individual; therefore, out of corporation profits only dividends count as personal income. The factors of production earn money for social security and unemployment insurance contributions, but this money goes to government(which is not a factor of production., not to individuals. It is therefore part of national income but not part of personal income.On the other hand, money received by individuals when they collect social security or unemployment compensation is not money earned but money received. Interest received on government bonds is also in this category, because much of the money received from the sale of bonds went to pay for war production and that production no longer furnishes a service to the economy.The money people receive as personal income may be either spent or saved. However, not all spending is completely voluntary. A significant portion of our income goes to pay personal taxes. Most workers never receive the money they pay in personal taxes, because it is withheld from their paychecks. The money that individuals are left with after they have met their tax obligations is disposable personal income. Disposable income can be divided between personal consumption expenditures and personal savings. It is important to remember that personal saving is what is left after spending.练习：1. This passage is mainly about _______。

2014 年职称英语综合类阅读理解 50 篇（含答案）第一篇 Telling Tales about People 传记类文学作品1、 This passage is mostly about________.这篇文章主要是关于______2、 Helen Keller wrote________.海伦﹒凯勒写了_____3、Autobiography writers are not always objective because they________.自传作者有时是不客观的，因为他们_____4、 The writer introduces each category in the passage by________.本文的作者通过_____介绍每种类型的非小说文学作品。

5、 Diverse means________.Diverse 的意思是_______1、 the characteristics of autobiographies, memoirs, and biographies.自传、回忆录和传记的特点2、 an autobiography.一部自传3、 want to present themselves in a good light想展示自己好的一面4、 defining it定义每个类型5、 varied or different多种多样的或者不同的第二篇 Outside -the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference 课外学习带来很大不同问题答案1、 An extracurricular activity like raising a fund of $300,000 is risky because most student leaders一项课外活动像募集 30 万美元资金很冒险，因为大多数的学生干部___ 2、 American students join campus organizations mostly for__美国学生参加校园组织主要为了____3、 Who is Katie Rowley?谁是 K.R?4、 What do student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successful end?学生干部如果要成功的贯彻一个活动需要什么？5、 The phrasal verb fatten up in paragraph 6 could be best replaced by第六段的动词性短语“fatten up”可以被下面哪个单词替换？1、 Will not take an interest in it.不感兴趣2、 Building friendship.建立友谊3、 She's a senior student.她是一个大四的学生4、 Passion.热情5、 Polish.polish（润色；上光；抛光）(新增) 第三篇 Shark Attack! 小心鲨鱼！问题答案1、 After Craig Rogers fell into the water, the shark_________. Craig Rogers 落水之后，鲨鱼____?2、It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites_________作者很难理解为什么大白鲨____?3、 Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line2 of paragraph 4?下面哪个单词最接近第四段第二行斜体标出的词组“make up”的意思？4、 The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means_________第四段第二行的单词“their”指什么？5、 What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?1、 swam away鲨鱼自己游走了2、 often let humans escape常常让人类逃脱3、 are.是4、 great whites'大白鲨5、 We now know great whites don't mistake humans for other animals. 第四段的主要内容是什么？. 我们现在知道大白鲨不会把人类误以为是其他动第四篇 Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福问题答案1、 On Halloween, children in the United States often dress up as__ 在万圣节上，孩子打扮成____2、 When are turkey and pumpkin pie eaten?什么时时候吃火鸡和南瓜饼？3、 Thanksgiving is the time for the American people to thank God for___感恩节上美国人感谢上帝_______4、 Many children in the United States like Thanksgiving because___ 美国孩子喜欢感恩节的原因是_______5、 The first pilgrims settled in the United States in ___ 第一批定居到美国的人是在_____1、 Ghosts.魔鬼2、 On Thanksgiving.感恩节上3、 Providing them with comfortable and happy lives.为其提供舒适快乐的生活4、 They can stay with their parents at home and eat a lot of nice food.能够与父母呆在一起，吃许多好吃的食物5、 1620.1620 年(新增) 第五篇 The Travels of Ibn Battuta 伊本白图泰游记问题答案1、 What is the passage mainly about?这篇文章主要是讲什么的？2、 Which of the following is closest in meaning to set off for in line 5?哪个词组最接近第五行中“set off ”意思？3、 The Sultan of Delhi gave Ibn Battuta a position of judge because__德里的苏丹王给伊本白图泰安排了法官的工作是因为___?4、 Which of the following would the writer of this passage most likely agree with?下面哪个观点是这篇文章的作者最认同的？5、 Why did Ibn Battuta finally return to his home?为什么伊本白图泰最后回到了他的家乡？1、 The adventures of Ibn Battuta.伊本白图泰历险记2、 left to go to.出发3、 Ibn Battuta had studied in Mecca.伊本白图泰在麦加的学习经历4、 Ibn Battuta should be better known in the West today.在现今的西方世界，伊本白图泰应该会比以前更有名5、 The Sultan of Morocco asked him to return.摩洛哥的苏丹王要求他回家第六篇 TV Shows and Long Bus Trips 看电视与长途汽车旅行问题答案1、 According to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bustrip?根据本文，长途汽车旅行中乘客通常可以看到什么？2、 What is the purpose of this passage?本文的写作目的是什么？3、 The writer of this passage would probably favor作者可能支持的观点是？4、 The writer feels long bus rides are like TV shows because电视表演与长途汽车相像的原因是？1、 Advertisements on the board.路两边的广告。

Ward off Travel Bugs1 As the holiday season approaches, so does the prospect of jet lag, an upset stomach or sunburn2. With care and some help from natural sources, however, it is quite possible to avoid these problems.2 You can start to prepare a couple of weeks before you leave. Food poisoning will make any holiday miserable, but by taking some medicine such as lactobacillus and bifidobacteria3, you can reduce the likelihood of succumbing to4 poisoning brought on5 by food or water tainted with unfamiliar bacteria.3 By improving the bacteria balance in your digestive tract, you crowd out the pathogenic bacteria and stop them gaining a foothold.6 The beneficial bacteria also produce gentle but effective natural antibiotics in your gut.4 In many holiday locations you need to remember the basics: drink bottled water, avoid undercooked meat and ensure that food hygiene is adequate. If you do succumb to food poisoning, drink plenty of water to stay hydrated and see a doctor. However，if you detect diarrhea early enough, you might like to try taking about 10 or 15 pancreatic digestive enzymes, which can digest the multiplying bacteria before they take over.5 Taking a teaspoon of silicol gel7 can also help. This lines the stomach and upper intestinal area and binds with bacteria and viruses，allowing them to be safely passed out of the gut. When you pack, include grapefruit-seed extract8, which is an excellent all-round anti-bacterial, anti- parasitic，anti-viral andanti-fungal agent.6 Your flight can also be made more pleasant. Peppermint oil and ginger capsules9 ward off motion sickness，but a more delicious option is to nibble oncrystallized ginger. If you tend to get earache on take-off and landing，you can use special earplugs with filler that slows down the rate of change in air pressure.7 The greatest concern is “economy class syndrome”, the popular name for deep-vein thrombosis, which can lead to blood clots traveling from the legs to the lungs, heart or brain. To reduce this, you need a couple of hours to stay hydrated, and avoid alcohol.8 You can also reduce the severity of inflammation by taking a daily gram of vitamin C with the bioflavonoid quercetin10. Vitamin C and quercetin also help to reduce prickly heat.9 Finally, if any adverse symptoms persist while overseas, you should see a doctor.注释：1．ward off ：避开；防止2．As the holiday season approaches, so does the prospect of jet lag, an upset stomach or sunburn.：随着假日的临近，由于高空飞行时差引起的生理不适、胃痛或日光灼烧等潜在问题也接踵而至。

2014全国职称英语理工类新增ABC级文章及答案详解第二部分阅读判断第八篇What Is a Dream?（B级）For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however，think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person‟s mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud1，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person‟s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2was once a student of Freud‟s. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person‟s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men‟s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women‟s dreams.3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn‟t panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It‟s important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.词汇：psychologist / saɪ'kɔlədʒɪst / n．心理学家psychiatrist /sai'kaiətrɪst/ n．精神病学家(医生) Austrian / 'ɔstrɪən / adj．奥地利的gender / 'dʒendə / n．性别注释：1．Sigmund Freud西格蒙德•弗洛伊德（1856—1939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。