[模拟] 对外经济贸易大学考博英语1
Part ⅠVocabulary Directions: In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked, put the letter of your choice on the Answer Sheet; choose one of the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence, which is substituted for the underlined word or phrase, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice on the Answer Sheet.
第1题：
Everyone must have liked the cake because there wasn't even a
( )left.
A.crutch
B.chip
C.chop
D.clip
参考答案：B
答案解析：
本题是一道词义辨析题，crutch含义为“支柱，叉柱”；chip含义为“碎片，碎屑”；chop含义为“一块排骨”；clip含义为“夹钳”。根据句意，本题应该选 B。
第2题：
Mary ( )when she found her husband drunk again.
A.blew her top
B.became abnormal
C.was affected
D.in opposition
参考答案：A
答案解析：
本题是一道词义辨析题，blow one's top含义为“发脾气”；become abnormal 含义为“变得反常”；be affected含义为“被影响”；in opposition含义为“反对”。根据句意，A最适合。
第3题：
During the famine many people ( )eating grass and leaves.
A.felt inclined to
B.were confronted with
C.got accustomed to
D.were reduced to
参考答案：D
答案解析：
本题是一道词义辨析题，come on含义为“跟着来”；come off含义为“离开”；come out含义为“出来”；come up含义为“偶然获得”。根据句意，D最合适。
第4题：
My wife ( )an old dictionary last night.
A.came on
B.came off
C.came out
D.came up
参考答案：D
答案解析：
本题是一道词义辨析题，come on含义为“跟着来”；come off含义为“离开”；come out含义为“出来”；come up含义为“偶然获得”。根据句意，D最合适。
第5题：
The accused man ( )his innocence by proving that he was aboard when the murder was committed.
A.found
B.founded
C.ignored
D.established
参考答案：D
答案解析：
本题是一道词义辨析题，found含义为“(find的过去式)找到”，founded含义为“(found的过去式)建立”；ignored含义为“忽视”；established含义为“确立，证实”。根据句意，D最合适。
第6题：
Consumer groups are protesting against higher prices in this city now.( )
A.clothing with
B.clinging to
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c3401964.html,plaining about
D.clutching with
参考答案：C
答案解析：
clothe with给……穿衣服；cling to缠住；complain about抱怨；clutch with 抓住。
第7题：
Two substitutes were used during the basketball games.( )
A.players
B.centers
C.referees
D.replacements
参考答案：D
答案解析：
substitute替补，代替物；player选手；center球队的中锋；referee裁判；replacement代替者，补充人员。
第8题：
A series of border incidents inevitably led the two countries to war. ( )
A.distinctly
B.unavoidably
C.regularly
D.actually
参考答案：B
答案解析：
distinctly清楚地，显然地：unavoidably不可避免地；regularly经常地，习惯性地；actually实际上。
第9题：
Judgment was suspended till the following Monday because of the lack of evidence.( )
A.changed
B.discussed
C.postponed
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c3401964.html,rmed
参考答案：C
答案解析：
suspend延缓；change改变；discuss讨论；postpone推迟；inform通知。
第10题：
The law prohibits occupancy by more than 250 persons in this areA. ( )
A.forbids
B.allows
C.promises
D.suggests
参考答案：A
答案解析：
prohibit禁止；forbid禁止；allow允许；promise许诺；suggest建议。
第11题：
Being poorly dressed can ( )your chance of getting a job.
A.ruin
B.eliminate
C.reduce
D.endanger
参考答案：A
答案解析：
ruin“使……毁灭；糟蹋掉”；eliminate“消除；淘汰”；reduce“减小，缩小”；endanger“危及”。
第12题：
Linda could not refuse, ( )she foresaw little pleasure in the visit.
A.since
B.for
C.though
D.when
参考答案：C
答案解析：
Since“因为，鉴于”；for“因为”；though“尽管”；when“当……时候”。此句表示让步，句意为尽管琳达预见到这次访问不会愉快，但她不能拒绝。
第13题：
The research team decided to use an underwater saw to cut the
( )ship into sections before lifting it up.
A.electrical
B.electric
C.electricity
D.electrifying
参考答案：B
答案解析：
electric“用电的，电动的”：electric blanket电热毯/electric torch手电
筒；electrical“电学的，由电发生的”：electrical engineering电气工程；electricity“电，电气”；electrify“使电气化”。
第14题：
Do you think it is late to ( )on a new career?
A.disembark
B.embark
C.remark
D.assume
参考答案：B
答案解析：
embark on/in/upon“从事，着手”；disembark“使上岸，登陆”；remark on “谈论，评论”；assume“假设，装出”，后面不接介词on。
第15题：
Tom is ordered to be present at the important meeting,( ).
A.rain or shine
B.more or less
C.sooner or later
D.for good
参考答案：A
答案解析：
rain or shine“不管雨天还是晴天”，符合题意；more or less“或多或少，大约”；55 miles，more or less五英里左右；sooner or later“迟早”；for good(and all)“永久地”。
Part ⅡSentence Correcting Directions: In each of the following sentences there are four pans underlined and marked A, B, C and D. Indicate which of the four parts is incorrectly used and mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.第16题：
(Not too many) years (ago) my mother jogged in the alley behind our house because she was embarrassed (to see) jogging (in
public).( )
A.Not too many
B.ago
C.to see
D.in public
参考答案：C
答案解析：
“被……看见”，所以用被动语态。
第17题：
One expert (remarks) that a computer with (so) many tubes as the brain (has) neurons (would require) the Empire State Building to contain it.( )
A.remarks
B.so
C.has
D.would require
参考答案：B
答案解析：
so…as通常用在否定句之中，故应改为as…as。
第18题：
(Despite) this similarity with (other) creatures, the evolution of humankind differs from (other species) in (one) important and unique way.( )
A.Despite
B.other
C.other species
D.one
参考答案：C
答案解析：
比较的是evolution，that指代evolution。
第19题：
The scientists, (concerned about) the potential hazards, wanted (the latest) research finding (made) (publicly).( )
A.concerned about
B.the latest
C.made
D.publicly
参考答案：D
答案解析：
make sth. +adj.
第20题：
(Among) all the poems I have read recently, Thomas Hardy's "The Darkling Trust" (seems) the most relevant (to) our (times).( )
A.Among
B.seems
C.to
D.times
参考答案：A
答案解析：
使用最高级时，of表示范围。
第21题：
The president devoted his (energies) to (update) the curricula, (making) the education offered at Washington College as meaningful and usual (as possible).( )
A.energies
B.update
C.making
D.as possible
参考答案：B
答案解析：
devote…to中的to是介词。
第22题：
Failure to advertise (could) result in either (reduced) sales and (less) profit (nor) legal actions.( )
A.could
B.reduced
C.less
D.nor
参考答案：D
答案解析：
either…or…，固定搭配。
第23题：
Suddenly, Gallup's name was (on everyone's lips); not only (he was) the prophet of the moment, (but) it was generally believed that he had founded (a new) and most important method of prediction.( )
A.on everyone's lips
B.he was
C.but
D.a new
参考答案：B
答案解析：
not only放在句首时，主谓应倒装。
第24题：
Usually you will be (more likely) to find insects (if) you examine finer twigs (rather than) the (coarse) parts of trees.( )
A.more likely
B.if
C.rather than
D.coarse
参考答案：D
答案解析：
coarser parts of trees和之前的finer twigs对应。
第25题：
Office revolution (not only) has changed (how) work is done but (redefined) the function of everyone who (works) in an
office.( )
A.not only
B.how
C.redefined
D.works
参考答案：C
答案解析：
has redefined和has changed对应。
第26题：
It is the interaction (between) people, (rather than) the events that occur in their lives that (are) the main focus (of) social psychology.( )
A.between
B.rather than
C.are
D.of
参考答案：C
答案解析：
it is…that…强调句型。
第27题：
(It is) very hard to believe (that when) Lincoln was born, communications were (a little) faster than (in the days) of Julius Caesar.( )
A.It is
B.that when
C.a little
D.in the days
参考答案：C
答案解析：
这句话的意思是：林肯时代的通讯还不如凯撒时代的速度快，这一点让人难以相信。故应用表示否定意义的little。
第28题：
(Although) we had been present (at) roughly the same time, Mr. Brown saw the situation quite (diffetrent) from (the way) I saw
it.( )
A.Although
B.at
C.different
D.the way
参考答案：C
答案解析：
see…differently…。副词才可以修饰动词。
第29题：
Some of these studies (have shown) that although some people have trouble (to fall asleep), others have an (equally) difficult time (waking up).( )
A.have shown
B.to fall asleep
C.equally
D.waking up
参考答案：B
答案解析：
have trouble doing sth.
第30题：
Never before (I have) seen anyone (who has) the skill (John has) when he (repairs) cars.( )
A.I have
B.who has
C.John has
D.repairs
参考答案：A
答案解析：
never before放句首时，句子应倒装。
Part ⅢCloze Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices marked A, B, C and D listed below. Choose the correct answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change __31__the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes __32__ considered taboo can become perfectly __33__and natural __34__ another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so __35__ and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the __36__of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more __37__ of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, __38__ a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.
One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. __39__many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It's not taboo to talk about fat; it's taboo to fat. The " __40__ " look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their __41__ as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought __42__ as lazy and __43__ in energy, self-discipline and self-respect. After all, people think, how can people who care about themselves, and therefore the way. they look, permit themselves to become fat? In an image-conscious society like the U. S., thin is "in", fat is "out".
It's not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become __44__ with staying slim and "in shape". The __45__ of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, their sole reason for America's obsession with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the __46__ importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style Of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modem machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do __47__ hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people's bodies can easily become weak and __48__to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising. The effect of this new appreciation of the importance of exercise is evident: parks are filled with runners and bicyclists, physical education programs
are enjoying a newly found __49__ , and many companies ate providing special exercise __50__ for their employees to use during the work day. 第31题：
A.for
B.in
C.over
D.within
参考答案：C
答案解析：
此处强调“在这些年期间，这些年从头到尾”，类似的例子还有records maintained over two years保持了两年的记录。
第32题：
A.now
B.once
C.never
D.sometimes
参考答案：B
答案解析：
once意为“曾经”，言下之意是“现在”情况改变了，与现状形成对比，符合上下文。
第33题：
A.accepted
B.accept
C.acceptable
D.acceptant
参考答案：C
答案解析：
acceptable意为“可接受的，足以满足要求或标准的”，强调在一种标准下可以……的；A强调状态；B不符合语法习惯；acceptant做形容词一般修饰物体，意为“被接受的，采纳的”，例如：the most acceptant mind最易接受外界影响的头脑。
第34题：
A.in
B.to
C.at
D.beside
参考答案：C
答案解析：
此处强调的是“历史/时间长河中的某个阶段”。故选C。
第35题：
A.upsetting
B.upset
C.overturning
D.overturned
参考答案：A
答案解析：
upsetting指事物，意为“令人心烦意乱的，令人苦恼的”；upset一般用来指人，意为“心烦意乱的情绪或精神上苦恼的状态”；overturn指“推倒，使一边着地”，所以它的现在分词和过去分词的引申意强调“推翻的，倾覆的”。根据文意，只能选C。
第36题：
A.publication
B.publicity
C.publicize
D.duplication
参考答案：A
答案解析：
publication意为“出版，发行”；publicity意为“吸引公众注意的手段，宣传”；publicize为动词，意为“宣扬”；duplication为名词，虽然词形与A很相似，但意思不同，意为“副本，复制”。
第37题：
A.conscious
B.sensible
C.noticed
D.aware
参考答案：D
答案解析：
A、B、D都有“意识的”含义，且都有be+adj. +of(意识到)的习惯用法，但仍有细微差别。aware侧重“感官所意识到的外界事物”。conscious侧重“心理感知”。sensible指“可用感官察觉到的(针对较复杂或抽象的事物)”。
第38题：
A.as
B.for
C.with
参考答案：A
答案解析：
as a result是习惯用法，意为“因此，结果”。
第39题：
A.Alike
B.Unlike
C.Like
D.As if
参考答案：B
答案解析：
根据上下文，作者此处想要表达的应是“与其他禁忌不同的是，肥胖是美国人经常谈论的话题”。unlike是介词，意为“区别于，不像”；alike一般是表语形容词，意为“相似的，相同的”； C、D在意思上不符合上下文。
第40题：
A.out
B.outside
C.inside
D.in
参考答案：D
答案解析：
in是习惯用法，此处专门指“时髦的，流行的”，与之相对的是out。
第41题：
A.appearance
B.look
C.image
D.aspect
参考答案：C
答案解析：
image意为“形象或大众认可的对某事的概念”。appearance一般用来指人，往往包括衣着或相貌；look指人时，用复数，指“相貌，容貌”，用单数则指“表情”、“神色”；aspect也指“外表”，尤指“面部表情”。
第42题：
A.of
B./
C.about
参考答案：A
答案解析：
think of…as相当于regard/consider…as，意为“认为……怎么样”。
第43题：
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c3401964.html,cking
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c3401964.html,ck
C.loss
D.short
参考答案：A
答案解析：
lack in是习惯用法，意为“缺少……”，而此处应用动名词形式，故选A； loss 意为“损失，浪费”；D一般应为be/fall short of…意为“缺乏，达不到”。
第44题：
A.occupied
B.absorbed
C.engrossed
D.obsessed
参考答案：D
答案解析：
四个选项都含有“全神贯注的，致力于……的，迷恋于……的”意思，但用法不同。其中，occupied、absorbed、engrossed通常都与介词in搭配使用；而obsessed则常与with搭配。
第45题：
A.pursue
B.persecute
C.pursuit
D.persecution
参考答案：C
答案解析：
pursuit意为“拼命追赶，追求”，常用的词组是in pursuit of“追踪，追求”；而persecute虽然词形相似，但意思上不合适，意为“迫害，烦扰”。
第46题：
A.critic
B.critical
C.criticizing
D.critically
参考答案：B
答案解析：
critical此处并非“批评的”意思，而是“重要的，关键的”；A、C、D均不合适。
第47题：
A.at
B.by
C.on
D.out of
参考答案：B
答案解析：
by hand意为“用手”；at hand意为“在手边，即将到来”；on hand意为“在手头”；out of hand意为“无法控制，脱手”。
第48题：
A.vulgar
B.infected
C.vulnerable
D.infectious
参考答案：C
答案解析：
be vulnerable to sth.是习惯搭配，意为“易受(疾病等)攻击的，脆弱的”；vulgar意为“粗俗的，庸俗的”；infected一般与with搭配，意为“(伤口等)受感染的”；infectious意为“传染(性)的，有感染力的”。
第49题：
A.prestige
B.presence
C.superiority
D.prestigious
参考答案：A
答案解析：
prestige是名词，意为“声望，威望”。
第50题：
A.facilities
B.equipment
C.apparatus
D.appliances
参考答案：A
答案解析：
facilities用做复数时，常指“设备(尤指使行动或过程中进行的东西)”；equipment常指“设备，装置(尤指用来装备人、组织或事物的东西)”：hiking equipment徒步旅行的装备；apparatus常指“器械，装备(尤指有特殊用途的一套或一系列器材或装置)”；appliances常指“器具，用具(尤指如家庭用烤箱等电器设备)”。
Part ⅣProofreading Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 20 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank, If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (—) in the blank and then put your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Passage One
The improbable chain of events that leads Alexander Fleming ___51_____
to discover penicillin in 1928 is the stuff which scientific myths ____52____
are made. It was a discovery that would change the course of the history, The active ingredient in that mold, which Fleming
named penicillin, turned to be an infection-fighting agent of ___53_____
enormous potency. When it was finally recognized as what it
was—the efficacious life-saving drug in the world—penicillin ___54_____
would alter forever the treatment of bacterial infections. By the middle of the century, Fleming's discovery spawned a huge phar- ___55_____
maceutical industry, churning out synthetic penicillin that would conquer some of man-kind's most ancient scourges, including
syphilis, gangrene, and tuberculosis.
When he died a heart attack in 1955, he was mourned by ___56_____
the world and buried as a national hero in the crypt of St. Paul's Cathedral in London. Although Fleming's scientific work in and
of itself may not have reached great, his singular contribution
____57____
changed the practice of medicine. He deserves our utmost recog-
nition. At the same time, we must bear on mind that the ___58_____
"Fleming Myth", as he called it, embodies the accomplishments
of many giants of anti-biotic development. Fleming is but a cho- sen representative for the likes of Florey, Chain, Domagk, and
Waksman, many of who remain, sadly, virtual unknowns. ___59_____
Their achievements have made the world a better, healthier
place. In commemorating Fleming, and we commemorate them ___60_____
all.
第51题：
参考答案：
leads→led。
详细解答：
从in 1928可知定语从句应该用过去时。
第52题：
参考答案：
∧which→of。
详细解答：
be made of意为“由……组成”。
第53题：
参考答案：
turned∧→out。
详细解答：
turn out to be是固定用法，意为“结果却是”。
第54题：
参考答案：
∧efficacious→most。
详细解答：
后面有in the world，所以前面一定是最高级。
第55题：
参考答案：
∧spawned→had。
详细解答：
前面的时间状语用by引导，主句一般用完成时。
第56题：
参考答案：
died∧→of。
详细解答：
die of指“死于”，是固定用法。
第57题：
参考答案：
great→greatness。
详细解答：
reach是及物动词，后面要跟宾语。形容词不能做宾语。reach greatness指“达到伟大的程度”。
第58题：
参考答案：
on→in。
详细解答：
bear in mind相当于remember，是固定用法。
第59题：
参考答案：
who→whom。
详细解答：
who的确可以做宾格，但不能直接做宾语，of后面接的是宾语，所以只能用whom。
第60题：
参考答案：
去掉and。
详细解答：
这是一个完整的句子，前面的In…是状语，根本无需加and。
Passage Two
How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare with adults learning a foreign ___61_____
language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child
without knowledge or experience often succeeds to a complete ___62_____
master of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed ___63_____
mental powers, in most cases, may end up in a faulty and inex- ___64_____
act command. What accounts of this difference? ___65_____
Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly with the child himself, partly in the behavior of the ___66_____
people surround him. In the first place, the time of learning the ___67_____
mother tongue is the most favorably of all, namely, the first ___68_____
years of life. A child hears it speak from morning till night and, ___69_____
what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the
right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks all the words and expressions which come to ___70_____
him in a fresh, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance:
there is perfect assimilation.
第61题：
参考答案：
compare∧→them。
详细解答：
这里缺少比较的对象，所以要用可以替代children的代词them。
第62题：
参考答案：
to∧→in。
详细解答：
succeed后面的介词搭配，应该用in，而不是to。
第63题：
参考答案：
master→mastery。
详细解答：
master做名词时表示“大师，主人”，而根据上下文，我们需要“掌握”一词，所以应该用mastery。
第64题：
参考答案：
in→with
详细解答：
end up后面接介词with，表示“以……告终”。
第65题：
参考答案：
of→for。
详细解答：
注意account for和account of的区别，前者表示“说明，解释”，后者表示“叙述，报导”。
第66题：
参考答案：
with→in。
详细解答：
lie in意为“在于……”。
第67题：
2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Obviously, the earliest teachers we have in our lives in most cases are our parents, and they are generally the most involved in the development and education of their children. Yet neither are all parents good teachers nor are those good parents the best teachers. First of all, not all parents are good teachers. As normal individuals, some parents more or less have bad habits. Even though parents almost instinctively devote themselves to cultivating their offspring, the outcome might turn out to be disappointment, for all children tend to unconsciously or subconsciously copy every thing from their parents. Another deficiency of parents as teachers is the fact that most parents are lack of common senses of education. All too often we observe some parents tend to pursue their cherished but failed dream by forcing their children to develop in a prearranged direction. Ironically, if their children did not follow the instructions, the children would be regarded as disobedient or allegedly rebellious. In fact, it is parents rather than their children that virtually disobey common senses. Moreover, some parents are qualified as good teachers, but not all of them are the best ones. When children are in the preliminary school, it is not surprising that parents are capable of teaching their children almost every subject even better than professional teachers in the school. But the situation will not last long. We live in a world where knowledge is accumulated by multiplying and at the same time becomes more and more specialized. Therefore, to be a professional in a certain field today takes much longer time than ever before. No parent is able to be professional in all fields, though they might be experts in one or more fields. Wise parents often release rather than charge their children as early as possible. They are aware of the possibility outside the family. Parents may, nevertheless, help their children much more than do good teachers. Most parts of children education are virtually beyond teachers' reaches. It is parents that supplement. Psychology studies have shown us that parents' love sometimes has astonishingly magic power to their children. Albert Einstein's mother and Forest Gump's mother are both good examples. On the other hand, parents might do their children harm more than do bad teachers as well. The natures of those children whose parents have divorced are often severely distorted. In a word, it is rather superficial to simply say that parents are the best teachers. [404 words] 4. It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why? Both experiences and books are very essential resources, and both of them have relevant merits. Experiences are the most direct resources we ever have. Almost our every basic skill came from experiences, such as walking, articulating, reading even thinking. Without experiences, some natural born abilities even might lose. Studies have shown that a baby who was robbed by animals into forest for 12 years lost his ability to talk in human language. Furthermore, it is generally accepted that each and every skill develops by experiences, and that's why people always say practice makes perfect. Books are valuable when knowledge is beyond the scope of our experiences. Perhaps the most obvious examples are those fluent writers. They write various stories, the scopes of which are far beyond any individual's experiences. Take Joyce Carol Oates for example, her productivity has been prodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays and literary criticism. Although some of them appear to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of others. Her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day. Yet either experiences or books may give us wrong information. Our direct observations always are subject to our beliefs, hopes, fears, expectations, and our bias, which might make observations unreliable. People vary in their powers of observation, and the reliability of our observations is no better than the reliability of our memories, which as we know can be deceptive. Information printed in papers sometimes is unreliable either, it may be misprinted, or even deliberately distorted. For example, Definitions such as Marxism, Capitalism, Zionism are totally different in the Oxford Learner's Dictionary of Current English between the original edition and the sanctioned Russian edition. 1
北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院植物学考博参考书-真题-分数线 一、北京林业大学考博资讯 生物科学与技术学院以培养生物科学领域高新技术人才和基础研究人才为主要目标，肩负着教育部设立的“国家理科基础科学研究和教学人才培养基地”的建设和人才培养任务，设有生物科学（理科基地班）、生物技术、食品科学与工程3个本科专业。学院学科门类齐全，拥有3个国家级重点学科，1个国家工程实验室，2个部级重点实验室，1个北京高等学校实验教学示范中心。建有生物学博士后流动站，拥有植物学、生物化学与分子生物学、林木遗传育种、野生动植物保护与利用、微生物学科的博士和硕士学位授予权以及细胞生物学、农产品加工与贮藏工程学科的硕士学位授予权。学院师资力量雄厚，承担着总理基金研究项目、国家重大基础研究“973”、高新技术“863”、国外农业先进科学技术引进“948”、国际科技合作、国家科技攻关和国家自然科学基金重点与基础项目数十项，获得国家科技进步及省部级科技进步奖20多项，在教学及科研方面取得了丰硕的成果。 本院共招收博士生33人，其中植物学招收8人，微生物学招收1人，细胞生物学招收4人，生物化学与分子生物学招收4人，森林生物资源利用招收5人，林木遗传育种招收11人，各位考生需要在考前联系导师，以确定是否能够报考。 植物学下设五个方向，第一个方向是植物生长发育与系统进化，导师是郑彩霞；第二个方向是植物抗逆生理及分子机制，导师是陈少良、夏新莉、尹伟伦；第三个方向是光合作用与植物光生物学，导师是高洪波、郑彩霞；第四个方向是药用植物及其次生代谢，导师是刘玉军；第五个方向是植物防御反应与信号转导，导师是沈应柏。大家需要提前联系导师以确定是否能够报考。 考试科目有三门，满分三百分，每门课100分，第一门是英语，第二门是植物学，第三门是植物生理学。 注意事项： 1、复试成绩=外语口语及听力×10%+专业外语×20%+综合素质×70%；入学总成绩=初试总成绩×（75-50）%+复试成绩×（25-50）%。 2、原则上按考生报考导师录取，同时兼顾考生入学总成绩排名；导师在达到录取基本分数线的考生中有录取决定权。每名导师招生总数原则上不能超过3人（含直博、自主选拔生、少数民族骨干计划生），外聘导师及首次招生导师原则上不能超过1人。 3、达到录取分数线但是没有导师接受者不予录取，所以说提前联系一下导师是非常重要的，育明考博可以协助大家联系到一位称心满意地导师。 二、北京林业大学考博英语内容、题型
2018考博英语写作各部分万能模板 开头万能模板： 1．开头万能模板一：名人名言 有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！ 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？ 经典句型： A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言） It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言） 更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2．开头万能模板二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：Honesty 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 Travel by Bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。Youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型： A recent statistics shows that … 结尾万能模板： 1．结尾万能模板一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！ 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型：
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2001年 马克思主义哲学原理、原着研究 一、马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》、《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》和《德意志意识 形态》三部着作中，各是怎样阐述人的本质的其区别和内在联系何在 二、 三、怎样理解“辩证法就是认识论” 四、 下列四题中任选两题 一、怎样理解历史既是“追求着自己目的的人的活动”同时又是遵循着客观规律的？二、 三、评述改革开放以来国内哲学界关于“实践唯物主义”讨论中的几种重要观点。 四、试论述哈贝马斯社会交往理论的基本内容。 五、运用历史唯物主义的观点分析从工业社会向信息社会转型的内容和实质。 西方哲学 一、说明亚里士多德关于“本体”的观点，并指出“本体论”思维方式的局限。 二、解释黑格尔《小逻辑》中下述概念的涵义：纯存在、本质、绝对理念。
以下四题任选两题 一、概述西方近代哲学认识论转向的基本线索。 二、评述卢梭人类社会起源的理论 三、评述现代西方哲学对传统哲学“理性主义”的批判。 四、评述法兰克福学派对当代资本主义社会的批判。 2002年 马克思主义哲学原理、原着研究 一、论述人的存在方式的特点及其内在矛盾 二、论述《德意志意识形态》的基本理论内容及其在马克思主义哲学发展史上的地位四选二 一、怎样理解社会是人们交互作用的产物？ 二、怎么理解逻辑、辩证法和认识论三者的统一？ 三、试说明经济因素和上层建筑因素在社会发展中的作用。 四、在新形势下，怎样实现马克思主义哲学的与时俱进和理论创新？ 西方哲学 简论题，三选二每题30分
1. Television Program and Their Effect on children Television programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children. Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child. Most programs can be classed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child. The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse（附属房,温室）that educate the young. There are often specials on animal life. A few regular children’s programs develop the child’s interest in school-type learning by stressing numbers and the alphabet, and that encourages him or her to be creative. The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category. On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children. Many commercials（商业广告）, especially those sponsoring the children’s programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated（涂上一层的）cereals and candy. All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a child’s mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could possibly harden（v. 变硬,使...坚强,涨价）the child to violence. Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs. A child’s viewing time should be limited to watching educationally（adv. 教育的,教育上的,有关教育的）beneficial programs. 2. How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities With the development of modern industry, more and more people are flowing into big cities. Accordingly, the housing problem in big cities is
北京林业大学考博英语阅读理解真题解析与指导Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10points) In his autobiography,Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty.He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely,but(46)he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence,and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit,such as distinguished Huxley.(47)He asserted,also,that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited,for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) His memory,too,he described as extensive,but hazy.So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry.(48)On the other hand,he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer,he had no power of reasoning.This,he thought,could not be true,because the"Origin of Species"is one long argument from the beginning to the end,and has convinced many able men.No one,he submits,could have written it without possessing
吉林大学考博英语2012年真题 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary an(总题数：30，分数：30.00) https://www.doczj.com/doc/c3401964.html,nguage, culture, and personality may be considered ______ of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.（分数：1.00） A.indistinct B.separate C.irrelevant D.independent 2.The work was done in the ______ of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.（分数：1.00） A.context B.contest C.pretext D.texture 3.The dean tried to retain control of the situation on campus, but his attempt was ______ by the board of trustees.（分数：1.00） A.approved B.frustrated C.disclosed D.justified 4.Some journalists are fond of overstating the situation so that their news may create a great ______.（分数：1.00） A.explosion B.sensation C.exaggerating D.stimulation 5.There was little, if any, evidence to substantiate the gossip and, ______ there was little to disprove it.（分数：1.00） A.by the same token B.under the same condition C.at the same stage D.for the same purpose 6.Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce the change, or causes energy to be ______ in some form.（分数：1.00） A.given off B.put out C.set off https://www.doczj.com/doc/c3401964.html,ed up 7.The United Nations Conferences on the Law of the sea would soon produce an ocean-mining treaty following its ______ declaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage of mankind.（分数：1.00） A.unanimous B.abstract C.autonomous D.almighty 8.This growth in the ______ of diabetes is due, in part, to an increase in obesity.（分数：1.00） A.inference
2020考博英语作文实用范文三篇 【篇一】2020考博英语作文实用范文 Protecting the Intangible Cultural Heritages Like tangible cultural heritages such as the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, intangible cultural heritages like Peking Opera and Confucius- commemorating rituals are equally crucial. We should make our utmost efforts to preserve intangible heritages because, without heir physical form of existence, they are in greater risk of extinction. 如同长城、故宫之类的物质文化遗产一样，像京剧和祭孔仪式这类非物质文化遗产，也同样至关重要。 我们应不遗余力地去保护非物质遗产，因为它们在不具备物质存有的条件下，失传的可能性更加岌岌可危。 According to UNESCO's Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003), all forms of social customs and habits, folklore, performing arts, rituals, oral traditions, festivals, traditional crafts and various knowledge and practices about nature and universe can be classified as intangible cultural heritages. As a country consisting of a great diversity of ethnic groups and with time-honored history and civilization, China abounds in intangible cultural heritages. Cultural heritages connect modern people with the historical past, allowing them to acquire a cultural and historical identity. Without cultural heritages, we would be rendered absolutely rootless and we would find it hard to cope with challenges at present and in the future.
北林考博辅导班：2019北京林业大学木材科学与技术考博难度解析 及经验分享 根据教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心最新公布的第四轮学科评估结果可知，在 2018-2019年木材科学与技术专业学校排名中，排名第一的是中南林业科技大学，排名第二的是北京林业大学，排名第三的是东北林业大学。 作为北京林业大学实施国家“211工程”和“985工程”的重点学科，材料科学与技术学院的木材科学与技术一级学科在历次全国学科评估中均名列第二。 下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于北京林业大学木材科学与技术考博相关内容。 一、专业介绍 木材科学与技术专业为多学科交叉、融合、外延，在生物木材学研究、木质环境学研究、新型木材阻燃剂开发、非甲醛系环保型木工胶粘剂开发、非木材复合材料、新型人造板和智能化木材加工设备研制等方面。 北京林业大学材料科学与技术学院的木材科学与技术专业在博士招生方面，划分为6 个研究方向 082902木材科学与技术 研究方向：01 木材构造与物性02 木材热加工03 木材保护与改性04 木质复合材料与胶粘剂05 木工机械与加工自动化06 家具设计与工程 考试科目：①1001英语、1002日语选一②2022木材科学与技术专业综合测试一③3022木材科学与技术专业综合测试二 二、考核内容 1、由学科考核小组组织实施，考核前应及时通知招生工作监督小组全程监督考核过程。学科考核小组组长原则上由学科负责人担任，成员不少于5人，且至少3人为博士生导师。 2、只有通过前期材料审核及公示合格的申请人才有资格参加学科面试考核。 3、主要对申请人的外语水平、专业基础知识、专业知识、综合素质和科研创新能力进行全面考核。考核形式及内容由学科根据本学科特点确定。学科需要制定详细的学科考核办法及流程，提前报学院审查备案。 4、学科考核小组负责汇总本学科考核成绩，结合当年导师招生名额，确定拟录取名单，并将拟录取名单、考核成绩、考核记录、考核试卷等上报学院研究生管理办公室。
考博英语作文范文【三篇】 导读：本文考博英语作文范文【三篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 【第一篇：直面困难】任何事业，大至国家事业，小至个人生活，要有所成，必然面对各类困难，这时候，良好的面对困难的品质以及解决困难的方法论方面的问题： 坚持/毅力persistence，乐观being optimistic/positive 团结合作cooperation and teamwork 踏实肯干hardworking 创新意识和好奇心innovation and curiosity 学习意识learning 保持学习习惯(keep the habit of reading and learning 行动实践能力(the ability of action and practice “一屋不扫、何以扫天下” If you cant do great things, do small things in a great way Each person whether rich or poor has his own difficulties, because life is not always full of smiles and flowers. So it is very important to have a correct attitude to face up the difficulties. Different people have different views on it. Some people just want to evade and they haven’t tried their best, so they can’t achieve success in the end. But some people believe
吉林大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题 Part I Vocabulary and Structure(30points) Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1.The safari hunter was nearly________to death by a herd of elephants. A.stampeded B.trampled C.trod D.stamped 2.She felt that she was too________with problems to be able to study properly. A.burdened B.tired C.grieved D.disturbed 3.The roof________under the weight of the snow. A.fell B.submerged C.collapsed D.descended 4.His criticism injured Jenny’s________.So she is feeling sad now. A.divinity B.indignity C.ego D.mind 5.Hundreds of people________on the playground for watching the Dragon Lantern show. A.contrived B.conformed C.conferred D.converged 6.The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transportation and is therefore, not________to work locally. https://www.doczj.com/doc/c3401964.html,pelled B.obliged C.restricted D.repelled 7.The doctors don’t________that the patient will live much longer. A.monitor B.manifest C.articulate D.anticipate 8.Knowing that he had been admitted to Cambridge University,he was too excited to be ________on the phone. A.coincidental B.identical C.same D.coherent 9.Hard work and malnutrition________his health and he looked thin and pale. A.impaired B.promoted C.accelerated D.smashed 10.Since you changed lanes without signaling,you are as much to________for the accident as us. A.blame B.accusation C.condemnation D.charge 11.Although he is in his fifties,his________arms are as powerful as those of a young man. A.energetic B.gigantic C.muscular D.effective 12.The purpose of the lecture was to________the masses of the United States with the elementary problems of Latin America. https://www.doczj.com/doc/c3401964.html,rm B.acquaint C.instruct D.announce 13.Our teacher didn’t have time so far to go into it________,but he gave us an idea about his plan. A.in turn B.at hand C.in conclusion D.at length 14.She often says her greatest happiness________serving the handicapped children. A.consists in B.relies on https://www.doczj.com/doc/c3401964.html,poses of https://www.doczj.com/doc/c3401964.html,prises in 15.Whenever possible,Ian________how well he speaks Japanese. A.shows up B.shows around C.shows off D.shows out 16.________is known to the world,Mark Twain is a great American writer. A.That B.Which C.As D.It 1
北京林业大学林学院考博参考书-分数线-报录比 一、北京林业大学考博资讯 北京林业大学林学院是北林具有鲜明特色、科研教学型的学院，也是北林历史最悠久的学院。学院拥有一支结构合理的师资队伍，学科方向明确，研究成果丰硕。 林学院共有7个专业招收博士生57人，其中生态学招收11人，林业装备与信息化招收6人，土壤学招收4人，森林培育招收12人，森林保护学招收13人，森林经理学招收7人，草学招收4人。其中每个专业下设不同的方向，需要大家提前联系导师。 考博科目是三门，共计300分，每门课100分，其中第一门是英语，第二三门不同专业不一样。 注意事项： 1、复试成绩=外语口语及听力×10%+专业外语×20%+综合素质×70%；入学总成绩=初试总成绩×（75-50）%+复试成绩×（25-50）%。 2、原则上按考生报考导师录取，同时兼顾考生入学总成绩排名；导师在达到录取基本分数线的考生中有录取决定权。每名导师招生总数原则上不能超过3人（含直博、自主选拔生、少数民族骨干计划生），外聘导师及首次招生导师原则上不能超过1人。 3、达到录取分数线但是没有导师接受者不予录取，所以说提前联系一下导师是非常重要的，育明考博可以协助大家联系到一位称心满意地导师。 二、北京林业大学考博英语内容、题型 北京林业大学博士生英语入学考试时间为180分钟，试题总分为100分。设有词汇、阅读、完型填空、翻译、写作五种题型,不分时间段。考题以一般社交用语、人文知识、科普常识为语言素材、以一般社会生活、学校教育和科研活动为话题，重在考查考生用英语进行社交、工作和科研的能力。 北京林业大学博士生英语入学考试分为五部分。 1．词汇：10分 共20题，每题0.5分。分为两个部分： 1）选择填空：第1-10题每句有一个词语为空白，考生从试卷上给出的A，B，C，D四个答案中选择一个正确答案。 2）替换词语：第11-20题每句一个词语有下划线，考生从试卷上给出的A，B，C，D四个答案中选择一个意思最相近的词语。 2．阅读：39分 共24题。分为两个部分：