高中英语新高考-阅读理解：指导与解读(实战篇)

高考英语考前指导(新高考专用)-考前热身篇(七中选五)距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

Passage 1Have you always dreamed of having a garden, but thought you didn’t have enoughspace?___36___ With a little planning and creativity, you can still make a beautiful garden fromthe small outdoor space. Here are a few tips that you can follow.Plan your layout(布局)carefully. ___37___Consider the overall arrangement of the space andcreate different zones for different purposes. By dividing the space into smaller sections, you can put in them different plants you want to grow. You may want to make an outline or use a design tool to visualize your ideas. Or it’s a good choice to search online for digital garden planners to help you design the layout.___38___ If you have limited space, it’s important to select plants that will grow well in your garden. Look for plants that are suited to the climate, soil type, and growing conditions. Or choose dense or small sizes of plants to maximize your space. For professional advice, you’d better talk to an employee at a gardening center, who knows better.Make use of vertical(垂直的)space. One of the best ways to make the most of your small garden is to use vertical gardening techniques. Vertical gardening is an excellent way to add more greenery to your small garden without taking up too much space. ___39___ You can also use hanging baskets to add more greenery to your space.Include the eatable into your garden. Growing your own food is not only satisfying, but it can also save you money on groceries. Even if you only have a small garden, you can still consider growing a variety of fruits, vegetables, or herbs, which can be grown in containers or planting beds. ___40___With these tips in mind, you can create a beautiful and productive garden in even the smallest of spaces. Happy gardening!A. It’s time to think again.B. Follow design principles.C. Choose appropriate plants.D. First of all, owning a garden matters.E. You can grow plants on walls or ladders.F. Before planting, think about how to use your garden.G. They can provide fresh and delicious produce throughout the season.【语篇导读】本文为说明文。

高中英语新高考-阅读理解指导与解读：题干串联大意、五大模式、八大考点、十大题型、十大答题技巧（附：高三复习阶段的阅读理解学习思维）如何快速理解文章的大意是我一直关注的问题，一般来说都是一上手就读文。

但不排除另外一种先读干然后读文定位找答案。

其实这种方法很多学生早就在使用了，但是这其中也有些盲目性。

今天，我要具体来解释如何通过读题来把握文章大意。

最后我附上阅读策略讲解，这方面我已经写了很多文章了，这篇文章就是简要概括一下。

二、题干和文章大意的关系题干的设计说到底就是题眼的设计，题眼有很多，例如作者的态度、原因和结果、方法途径等等，但基本都要围绕文章或段落的中心。

譬如说这一段谈的是电子垃圾的坏处，那么题眼就要或多或少和这相关，不能偏离太远。

另外，高考命题基本是按段落顺序命题，一段对应一个题目。

既然如此，我们就要学会把题干中的关键词串联起来，这样文章大意差不多就出现了，因为这里面有一种逻辑关系的存在。

考生还可以浏览一下选项里的重叠关键词，这也有辅助作用，本文不再涉及。

当然，遇到这样的题干：Which of the following is true orwrong?那是比较无语的，好在近五年江苏高考题干都没有trueor false的出现，几乎都是what,why题干，这也给我们模拟题作者提个醒吧。

三、手把手实践指导（从往年真题中如何串联大意）A篇56. Why did the BeauxArts style attract American entrepreneurs?57. What is unique of SieMatic BeauxArts?串联大意：BeauxArts的魅力和特色。

B篇58.According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost”is applied to ________.59. The“leftover ... time”in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time ________.60. Whatare forgone opportunities?串联大意：opportunity cost”的概念，以及衍生的forgone opportunities概念。

高中英语新高考-名师指导与解读：从命题角度看阅读一篇文章出得好不好全在于命题人是否吃透了文章，下面是文章大意。

College for life and virtual advisers may be key in higher education’sfuture为了生活上大学虚拟顾问是高等教育未来的关键By Jeffrey J.Selingo来源：华盛顿邮报2018-07-09 1 Predictions about higher education’s future often result in two very different visions about what is next for colleges and universities. In one camp: those who paint a rosy picture of an economy that will continue to demand higher levels of education for an increasing share of the workforce. In the other: those who believe fewer people will enroll（入学）in college as tuition costs go out of control and alternatives to the traditional degree emerge.2 “We are living in an age for learning, when there’s so much knowledge available, that one would think that this is good news for higher education,”Bryan Alexander told me recently. Alexander writes often about the future of higher education and is finishing a book on the subject for Johns HopkinsUniversity Press. “Yet we’ve seen enrollment in higher education drop for six years.”3 Alexander believes that for some colleges and universities to survive, they need to shift from their historical mission of serving one type of student (usually a teenager fresh out of high school) for a specific period of time. “We’re going to see many different ways through higher education in the future,”Alexander said, “from closer ties between secondary and postsecondary（中学后）schools to new options for adults. The question is, which institutions adopt new models and which try desperately to hang on to what they have.”4 “The fact is that to maintain affordability, accessibility and excellence, something needs to change,”Rafael Bras, Georgia Tech’s provost (院长) and executive vice(副的) president for academic affairs, told me when he unveiled the report at the Milken Institute Global Conference this past spring.5 The commission’s report includes many impressive ideas, but three point to the possibility of a very different future for colleges and universities.1) College for life, rather than just four years. (3)The primary recommendation of the Georgia Tech report is that the university turns itself into a place for lifelong learning that allows students to “associate rather than enroll.”“Students who we educate now are expected to have a dozen occupations,”Bras said. “So a system that receives students once in their lives and turns them out with the Good Housekeeping seal(印章) of approval to become alums (校友) and come back on occasion and give money is not the right model for the future.”2) A network of advisers and coaches for a career. If education never ends, Georgia Tech predicts, neither should the critical advising function that colleges provide to students. The commission outlines a plan in which artificial intelligence and virtual tutors help advise students about selecting courses and finding the best career options. But even for a university focused on science and technology, Georgia Tech doesn’t suggest in its report that computers will replace humans for all advising.3) A distributed presence around the world. Colleges and universities operate campuses and require students to come to them. In the past couple of decades, online education has grown greatly, but for the most part, higher education is still about face-to-face interactions.9 Georgia Tech imagines a future in which the two worlds are blended in what it calls the “atrium”—a place that share space with entrepreneurs and become gathering places for students and alumni (校友).10 In some ways, as the report noted, the atrium idea is a nod to the past, when universities had agricultural and engineering experiment stations with services closer to where people in the state needed them.11 Whether Georgia Tech’s ideas will become real is, of course, unclear. But as Alexander told me after reading it, “There is a strong emphasis on flexibility and transformation so they can meet emergent trends.”This is clear: colleges and universities are about to undergo a period of deep change —whetherthey want to or not —as the needs of students and the economy shift.Para. 1: 未来高等教育的两种预测：经济发展需要更高层次的教育；学费上涨、传统学位被替代，上大学的人会更少。

高中英语新高考-阅读理解指导与解读：品读阅读D篇—文学夹叙夹议文的精彩本篇记叙文，题目并不难，但文章很有嚼头。

下面我就说说我是如何解读本文，纯作参考，我的解读也只是一家之见。

本位的语篇结构如下：例子导入：对孩子的虐待--》说明后果：对孩子虐待的负面影响--》说明原因：为什么父母会这样对带孩子--》父母这样做的深层原因--》我们如何做才是正确的。

简单说就是：例子--》主题--》因果展开--》方法本文也是一个很好的写作话题，譬如请你描述下面图片的原因等：D1 One evening at a busy Broadway crossroad, I noticed a sister struggling to keep her little kid under control while she talked on the pay phone.（第1句话就点明了记叙文的时间地点人物。

从busy，struggle，keep...under control可以想象一个车水马龙的画面里一个挣扎的女士的种种无奈。

这里的sister就是汉语中的大姐，听起来很亲切的。

一个pay phone可以告诉我们，这个女士应该不富，要不然会使用手机。

） She wanted him to stay still next to her, but he wanted to run and play at the curb, close to rushing buses and taxis.（but一词告诉我们孩子很调皮，curb路边，rushing暗示了一种穿梭，很危险的情景。

） One could sense the woman’s frustration, that she was pulled in too many directions: She was angry at the person on the telephone and shouting at the younger that she would “snap his leg”if he moved again.（frustration一词可以证实我们之前的预测，而后面的进一步的解释更是把她的一种近乎绝望描绘得惟妙惟肖。

高中英语新高考-阅读理解考前冲刺：指导你攻克解决D篇论说文首先，我讲讲此类论说文读文策略：说理文该如何把握段意：（1）永远只有一个中心，通常都在首末句。

（2）说理文的行文结构：道理+论证（举例；对比；列举）特别提示：某一段你可能看得头晕目眩，但你只要看懂一句（最好是两句），那么它就是你的救命稻草。

说理文的文体特点决定了，为论点服务的每一个论据都是具有高度统一性。

你只要看懂了一句，那么其它句子的本质含义和它是相关。

这就是我强调的：看不懂例子就看论点；看不懂论点就看例子；看不到定位段的答案就看论点。

下面这篇文章可以说比去年高考阅读D还要难，但是，你若掌握上面的规律就会发现能快速搞定。

请记住：论说文，重点抓论点。

请仔细阅读我的解析内容：【1】The word tolerance is widely used in liberal democracies. It indicates a positive meaning. Politicians urge us to be tolerant towards minorities. Educators teach us to be tolerant towards the other. The press is full of references to the need to display tolerance when faced with individuals or groups espousing a different view or holding a different religious belief. A tolerant society is an objective sought after by anyone who believes in the values of democracy. Atolerant individual is attributed with virtuous qualities.【2】The question we must ask is whether we have been using the word tolerance fully aware of itsmeaning and whether we have applied it correctly to reflect what we really wishto convey?67. The firsttwo paragraphs are mainly intended to show that __________.A. tolerance is a symbolof liberal democraciesB. democratic societyalways advocates toleranceC. people’sunderstanding of tolerance is one-sidedD. tolerance can beapplied to many situations解析：说理文都严格遵守按顺序出题的原则，那么就让我们读完第一二段看第一题。

高中英语新高考-阅读理解考前冲刺：指导你攻克解决D篇论说文首先，我讲讲此类论说文读文策略：说理文该如何把握段意：（1）永远只有一个中心，通常都在首末句。

（2）说理文的行文结构：道理+论证（举例；对比；列举）特别提示：某一段你可能看得头晕目眩，但你只要看懂一句（最好是两句），那么它就是你的救命稻草。

说理文的文体特点决定了，为论点服务的每一个论据都是具有高度统一性。

你只要看懂了一句，那么其它句子的本质含义和它是相关。

这就是我强调的：看不懂例子就看论点；看不懂论点就看例子；看不到定位段的答案就看论点。

下面这篇文章可以说比去年高考阅读D还要难，但是，你若掌握上面的规律就会发现能快速搞定。

请记住：论说文，重点抓论点。

请仔细阅读我的解析内容：【1】The word tolerance is widely used in liberal democracies. It indicates a positive meaning. Politicians urge us to be tolerant towards minorities. Educators teach us to be tolerant towards the other. The press is full of references to the need to display tolerance when faced with individuals or groups espousing a different view or holding a different religious belief. A tolerant society is an objective sought after by anyone who believes in the values of democracy. Atolerant individual is attributed with virtuous qualities.【2】The question we must ask is whether we have been using the word tolerance fully aware of itsmeaning and whether we have applied it correctly to reflect what we really wishto convey?67. The firsttwo paragraphs are mainly intended to show that __________.A. tolerance is a symbolof liberal democraciesB. democratic societyalways advocates toleranceC. people’sunderstanding of tolerance is one-sidedD. tolerance can beapplied to many situations解析：说理文都严格遵守按顺序出题的原则，那么就让我们读完第一二段看第一题。

阅读理解一、高考原题1.【2023年新高考全国I卷】Bike Rental Guided ToursWelcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake（刹车）, bikes with hand brake and gears（排挡）, bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.PricesThe 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.1.What is an advantage of MacBike?A. It gives children a discount.B. It offers many types of bikes.C. It organizes free cycle tours.D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.2.How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?A. €15.75.B. €19.50.C. €22.75.D. €29.50.3.Where does the guided city tour start?A. The Gooyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.2.【2023年新高考全国I卷】When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China."Ecological design" is the name John gives to what he does. "Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor," he says. "You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair."1.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A. He was fond of traveling.B. He enjoyed being alone.C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He longed to be a doctor.2.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A. To feed the animals.B. To build an ecosystem.C. To protect the plants.D. To test the eco-machine.3.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A. To review John's research plans.B. To show an application of John's idea.C. To compare John's different jobs.D. To erase doubts about John's invention.4.What is the basis for John's work?A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water to survive.C. Life on Earth is diverse.D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.3.【2023年新高考全国II卷】As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding(编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of "We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while" was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break."We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it," said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.1.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?A. Pocket parks are now popular.B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.C. Many cities are overpopulated.D. People enjoy living close to nature.2.Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?A. To compare different types of park-goers.B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.C. To analyze the main features of the park.D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.3.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.C. The same nature experience takes different forms.D. The nature language enhances work performance.4.What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?A. Language study.B. Environmental conservation.C. Public education.D. Intercultural communication.二、考情分析I 社会文化类文化类文章的选材一般以中西方文化差异或者社会文化现象为重点，如礼仪、语言、生活习惯，价值观等，题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。