2020年考研英语国家线不会有太大的变动
2016年考研英语国家线不会有太大的变动
2016考研英语初试已经结束一段时间了，不知现在很多考生的
心境是怎样的?估计，童鞋们的心境可以分为三种情况：第一，考试
自我感觉良好，无需再复习;第二，考场发挥不好，直接放弃;第三，感觉在国家线的左右，犹豫不定。这段时间该如何办呢?各位考生一
定不要对这段时间任性妄为，一定利用好这段时间做沉淀。接下来，考研名师为各位考生介绍下考研英语国家线的基本情况，希望对各
位考生能有一定的帮助。
先对考研国家线做个简单介绍，考研国家线是教育部依据硕士生培养目标，结合年度招生计划、生源情况及总体初试成绩情况，确
定报考统考、MBA及法律硕士专业学位考生进入复试的基本要求标准，其中包括应试科目总分要求和单科分数要求。分为专业课、公
共课两种，依据不同地区，分数线标准有所差异。考研国家线是考
生能否进入研究生复试的重要依据，因此能否过线对于考生意义重大。考研国家线划分为A、B两类，A类分数线最高，其次是B类地区。这两类地区的分数线通常会相差2～10分。就2016考研的情况
而言，2016年全国考研报考人数共计177万人比2015年增长7%。
之前我们预测的如果报考人数明显增加或减少，分数线是存在上涨
或者降低可能的。教育部公布的数据显示，2015年全国硕士研究生
报名人数为164.9万人，比2014年减少6.5万，降幅3.8%。
结合近年国家线公布时间及考研日期安排预测，2016年考研国
家线将在3月中下旬公布，并且下旬公布的可能性最大。根据最近
几年考研英语的情况，硕士研究生招生考试英语试题部分难度趋于
稳定，分数线划定不再以个别科目难度为准，也不会以部分考生对
于难度的主观感受为准。据估计，今年的考研英语国家线不会有太
大的变动，基本保持一致。对于考生而言，考完试的第一时间需要
进行估分，对自身的考试情况进行评估，提早准备复试工作。考生
们一定要根据自己的情况，做好合理的安排，尤其是为紧接着的复
试做好全面规划。考研目前对复试的重视已经越来越高了，初试确实重要，复试更为重要，千万不要栽在复试上。跨考教育预祝各位考生能顺利跨越初试，并能为复试做好完整规划，从而顺利划过考研的第二道门槛。
2008年考研英语二（MBA联考）真题试卷及答案Section I V ocabulary Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) 1. Oil is an important ______material which can be processed into many different products, including plastics. A raw B bleak C flexible D fertile 2. The high living standards of the US cause its present population to ____ 25 percent of the world’s oil. A assume B consume C resume D presume 3. You shouldn’t be so ___ ---I didn’t mean anything bad in what I said. A sentimental B sensible C sensitive D sophisticated 4. Picasso was an artist who fundamentally changed the ___ of art for later generations. A. philosophy B concept C viewpoint D theme 5. Member states had the option to ____ from this agreement with one year’s notice. A deny B object C suspect D withdraw 6. The two countries achieved some progress in the sphere of trade relations, traditionally a source of ____ irritation. A mutual B optional C neutral D parallel 7. Williams had not been there during the ___ moments when the kidnapping had taken place. A superior B rigorous C vital D unique 8. Travel around Japan today, and one sees foreign residents a wide ____ of jobs. A range B field C scale D area 9. Modern manufacturing has ___ a global river of materials into a stunning array of new products. A translated B transformed C transferred D transported 10. Lightning has been the second largest storm killer in the US over the past 40 years and is ____ only by flood. A exceeded B excelled C excluded D extended 11. V oices were ____as the argument between the two motorists became more bad-tempered. A.swollen B. increased C. developed D. raised 12. Some sufferers will quickly be restored to prefect health, ___others will take a longer time.
Unit 1 UK 著名景点 Big Ben 大本钟2、Tower Bridge(crosses the River Thames; close to the Tower of London; symbol of London ) 3、Westminster Abbey ( Gothic church in the City of Westminster,London; Coronation and burial site for British monarchs.) 4、Red Double Decker Bus (mass transit) 英国基本知识 1、constituent parts ? England/ Scotland/ Northern Ireland/ Wales(国旗) 2、the national anthem(国歌)? God save the queen 3、The national Emblem? 4、National flower? Rose (Wars of the Roses - civil wars (1455-1485) between the royal house of Lancaster ( red rose) and the royal house of York (white rose).) 5、地理位置 6、Full name?The "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".（The British Isles不列颠岛; Great Britain; UK ; Commonwealth） 7、Three political divisions（行政区域）: England, Scotland, and Wales. 8、Commonwealth? A free association of sovereign states comprising Great Britain and a number of its former dependencies ; united as ?free and equal members‘. 9、Capital England(London); Scotland(Edinburgh); Wales(Cardiff); Northern Ireland(Belfast) 10、Backbone of England? Pennine 11、Ben Nevis? the highest mountain in UK. 1343m 12、North Ireland? National flower: Irish clover (三叶草)；Lough Neagh (the largest lake in UK) ; industrious; agricultural 13、Rivers and lakes?1. The Severn River(longest river; from the mountain of Wales to the Bristol Channel) 2. The Thames River (Main source of London‘s water supply;Second longest river in Britain; Costwold Hills--North Sea)3. The Clyde River (The most important river in Scotland)4. Lake District 5. Lough Neagh（The largest lake in Britain (396 square kilometers), Northern Ireland.） 14、The climate in Britain?pea souper 超级浓雾 Unit2 UK 1、the first settler? The Iberian(伊比利亚人) 2、Stonehenge(巨石阵)?was a place of healing center；The most important monument left by Iberian；There are about 80 stones, and each is five meters tall. 3、The Celtic language? the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic(盖尔语) (Irish,Scotish). 4、Hadrian ‘s Wall 5、7th century Heptarchy（七国联盟）?(Wessex; Sussex; Kent; Essex; East Anglia; Mercia; Northumbria) 6、Viking pirates(维京海盗) ? Vikings from Denmark；established some small kingdoms；Northern and eastern England 7、The Norman Conquest(1066)? The Normans that invaded England in 1066 came from Normandy in Northern France.
1997-2010年考研报名人数与录取人数比例统计 2011年考研报名开始，特别整理了1997-2010年考研报名人数与录取人数比例，供各位考生参考。 年份报名数(万) 报名人数增长率录取数(万) 报录比例 2010 140 13% 46.5 3:1 2009 124.6 3.8% 47.5 3.3:1 2008 120 -- 39 3.0:1 2007 128.2 0.8% 36.4 3.5:1 2006 127.12 8.4% 40.28 3.2:1 2005 117.2 24.0% 32.494 3.6:1 2004 94.5 18.3% 33 2.9:1 2003 79.7 28.0% 27 2.9:1 2002 62.4 35.7% 19.5 3.2:1 2001 46 17.3% 11.05 4.2:1 2000 39.2 22.9% 8.5 4.6:1 1999 31.9 16.4% 6.5 4.9:1 1998 27.4 13.2% 5.8 4.7:1 1997 24.2 18.6% 5.1 4.7:1
2010年硕士研究生招生分学术型和全日制专业学位两个类型，全日制专业学位研究生招生全面开通，这是为适应我国经济社会发展对高层次应用型人才的迫切需要，进一步优化教育结构，提升研究生的就业能力而采取的重要举措。根据两类研究生的不同特点，今年分别确定学术型和专业学位研究生招生初试成绩基本要求。 学术型研究生招生初试成绩基本要求 报考学科门类(专业) A 类考生* B 类考生* C 类考生* 备 注 总分 单科(满分 =100分) 单科(满 分>100分) 总分 单科(满分 =100分) 单科(满 分>100分) 总分 单科(满分 =100分) 单科(满 分>100分) 哲学[01] 270↓ 36↓ 54↓ 260↓ 33↓ 50↓ 250↓ 30↓ 45↓ *A 类考生：报考地处一区招生单位的考生。 *B 类考生：报 考地处二区招生单位的考生。 *C 类考生：报考地处三区招生单位的考生。 一区系北京、天津、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、河南、湖北、湖南、广东等11省(市)； 经济学[02] 330↑ 46↓ 69↓ 320↑ 43↓ 65↓ 310↑ 40↓ 60↓ 法学[03] 310↓ 43↓ 65↓ 300↓ 40↓ 60↓ 290↓ 37↓ 56↓ 教育学[04](不含体育学[0403]) 310↑ 41↓ 123↓ 300↑ 38↓ 114↓ 290↑ 35↓ 105↓ 文学[05](不含艺术学[0504]) 345↑ 50↓ 75↓ 335↑ 47↓ 71↓ 325↑ 44↓ 66↓ 历史学[06] 275↓ 36↓ 108↓ 265↓ 33↓ 99↓ 255↓ 30↓ 90↓ 理学[07] 280 37↓ 56↓ 270 34↓ 51↓ 260 31↓ 47↓ 工学[08](不 含照顾专业) 275 36↓ 54↓ 265 33↓ 50↓ 255 30↓ 45↓ 农学[09] 260 32 48 250↓ 31 47 240↓ 30 45 医学[10](不 280↓ 37↓ 111↓ 270↓ 34↓ 102↓ 260↓ 31↓ 93↓
英语国家概况考试题型如下： 1.选择题（30 X 1’） 2.填空题（20 X 1’） 3.简答（10 X 2’）--必须回答完整的句子 4.分析题（6 X 5’）-- 必须回答完整的句子 总分100 分 主要内容包括： 一．U.S. Geography 1.Full name of U.S.. 2.Number of States: 50 states. 3.After President Jefferson brought the Louisiana territory from France there was a desire for territorial expansion among many frontier men. 4.The U.S. has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. The fourth largest countries. 5.Taxas is the largest mainland state of the U.S.. Alaska is the largest state of the U.S.. 6.Hawaii is in the Pacific Ocean. 7.America’s movies are mostly made in Hollywood near the city of Los Angeles in south California. 二．U.S. People 1.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US is the Blacks (Afriican-Americans). 2.The “first Americans” were the Indians. 3.The Asian-Americans are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United States. 4.The first permanent settlement in North America was established in today’s V erginia in the year of 1607. 5.The “Three Faiths” in the U.S. refer to: ?Protestan ?Catholic ?Jewish 6.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italy and Poland. 7.American society is a stratified one in which power, wealth and pestige are unequally distributed among the population. 8.WASP stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.
名师解析2008年考研英语阅读理解真题 点评2008考研阅读理解 上海新东方学校乐柯健 年年岁岁题相似，岁岁年年题不同，这句话诠释了今考研阅读的特点，总体基本保持稳定，接下来笔者就Part A 部分中的文章，题型和解题方法作一个大致分析。 1) 文章难度基本保持稳定 首先考研阅读理解Part A的四篇文章难度依然呈现递增式的现象。前两篇比较简单，后两篇相对较难。这一趋势已经维持了十几年，也就告诉我们09年的考生在考场上的时间分配上可以依循”15，15，20，20”原则--即前两篇每篇15分钟，后两篇每篇20分钟。其次文章在选材上依然以社会科学为主，热点事件为主，如第二篇讲话讲述的一种新型出版方式--网络出版。另外笔者发现因为本世纪以来涉及网络相关的话题的文章很多，如01年第二篇网络可以解决信息分化的问题、03年的第一篇网络间谍、04年的第一篇网络找工作，所以考生应重点关注该领域的热门事件。再次从文章结构上来看，和历年也几乎一样。如第三篇文章讲述的是身高问题，作者就用了”由点到面”这一常见的写作
手法。而这种写作手法从本世纪来几乎年年都考，如01年第五篇讲述简单化生活的文章、03年第一篇讲述网络间谍的文章、04年第三篇讲述美国经济减速的文章、05年第二篇讲述全球变暖的文章、06年Part B讲述赌博的文章、07年第一篇成功并非取决于天才。最后由于我们所考的文章绝大部分选自西方的报刊杂志，而新闻记者惯用”引用”的方法。因此我们的文中会出现大量的专家学者的观点，这就要去考生一定要读懂每个人的各自观点，这也经常是考点所在。如今年第一篇文章的第二题”Dr. Yehudn’s research suggests that women”就是该类型的题目。 2) 题型仍以细节事实题和推理判断题为主 在2005年之前，推理判断在每年的考试中出现3-4题，自2005年开始考研的阅读理解中大量增加了推理和判断题，05年考了8道，06年考了7题，07年考了7题。这一现象持续至今。以今年的考题为例，推理判断依然是考试重点，一共考察了8题(21，27，30，32，33，34，37，39)。考研中另外一个重要的题型是细节事实题，因为考研的特点就是考察精读，，因此细节事实题历年都占据7-8题。今年也不例外，一共考察了7题(22，23，28，29，36，38，40)。从以上分析我们得知，09年的考生应该特别关注这两种题型。 3) 解题方法和历年相似
英语国家概况（阅读） 1、Which of the following statements is NOT true? C.The Social Democratic and Labour Party is a very important political party in Britain 2、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? D.Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution. 3、To get a bachelor’s degree, an American undergraduate student is required to do the following except ____. C.taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophy 4、Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? B.The legislative. 5、Which one of the following is NOT particularly British Christmas tradition? C.Eating chocolate eggs on Easter Day. 6、Which of the following statements is NOT true about blacks after the 1960s? A.Blacks felt that they could be fully integrated into the mainstream of American life. 7、The New Deal was started by ___. A.Franklin Roosevelt. 8、Which of the following is NOT based on the fact? A.Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. 9、Three of the following are characteristics of London, Which of the four is the EXCEPTION? C.London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world 10、In order to go to university, secondary school students in the US must meet the following requirements except that ___. D.They pass the college entrance examinations 11、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, ___. D.the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined. 12、Which of the following about the tabloids is not true? A.They are big format newspapers. 13、In the 17th century,the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because ____. A.they wanted to increase its control over Ireland 14、The largest religion in the US is ___. B.Christianity 15、Which of the following is NOT a feature of the House of Lords? C.The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public.
英语国家概况》期末复习题（含答案） （第I卷客观题共45分） 1. 选择题（共30 分; 每题1 分） U.K. 1. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on ___ . D A. passing the bills B. advising the government C. political parties D. public attitude 2. The policies of the Conservative Party in Great Britain are characterized by pragmatism and . D A. government intervention B. nationalization of enterprises C. social reform D. a belief in individualism 3. Oxford University is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. 4. Cabinet members are chosen by ___ in Britain. B A. the monarch B. the Prime Minister C. the Archbishop D. the Lord Chancellor 5. English belongs to the Germanic group of Indo-European family of languages. 6. The Severn River is the longest river in Britain. 7. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except ___ . A A. Trooping the Color B. Queen 's Christmas message C. Boxing Day D. Christmas pantomime 8. Among Britain q'uaslity press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “ BigThree with the exception of The Observer. 9. In 2012, Britain had a population of about 63 million. 10. The two main islands of the British Isles are Great Britain and Ireland. 11. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher once said that, “ Britain and tht e dUSntiates will stand side by side ”. 12. The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it ___ . A A. set up the National Health Services B. improved public transportation C. abolished the old tax system D. enhanced the economic development 13. Margaret Thatcher go'v s ernment introduced the biggest changes in British economic policy since World War II. 14. Charles Dickens is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19 th century. 15. The three principle features of the climate of Britain are the following EXCEPT ___ . C A. the frequent fog in winter B. the large number of rainy days C. extreme coldness even in summer D. changeability all the year round 16. Samuel Johnson 'dsictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of spelling in English. 17. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of Latin and Greek words to English. 18. __ was not among the four self-governing dominions in the British Empire. C A. Australia B. Canada C. India D. the Union of South Africa 19. Of the following sectors in Britain, service industry has experienced spectacular growth si nee the end of World War II. 20. Cambridge has more Nobel Prize winners than any other institution in Britain.
2011英语国家概况期末考 1 of 100 Whose speech is closest to BBC English? A Cockney Southerners in England northerners in England A Welsh 2 of 100 The two newest states which joined the United States are _____. Alaska and Hawaii California and New Mexico Alaska and Florida Hawaii and Oregon 3 of 100
Which of the following is NOT one of the general standards for admission into an institution of higher learning in the U. S. A.? ACTP GPA MBA SAT 4 of 100 Britain's longest rivers are _____. the Severn and the Thames the Thames and the Clyde the Clyde and the Humber the Severn and the Clyde 5 of 100 New Englanders were originally known as _______. Yankees German farmers
Fishermen from Scandinavia English Puritans 6 of 100 The Constitution of the United States provides that _____ shall be President of the Senate. the Chief Justice the Secretary of State the Vice President the President 7 of 100 Which of the following is NOT one of the clauses in Magna Carta? There should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. The principle of parliamentary supremacy should be confirmed and free speech in Parliament should be guaranteed.
2009年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试考生进入复试的初试成绩基本要求 报考学科门类（专业）A类考生* B类考生* C类考生* 备 注总 分 单 科 （ 满 分 =10 分） 单科 （满 分>10 0分） 总 分 单 科 （ 满 分 =10 分） 单科 （满 分>10 0分） 总 分 单 科 （ 满 分 =10 分） 单科 （满 分>10 0分） 哲学[01] 28 ↓ 37 ↓ 56 ↓ 27 ↓ 34 ↓ 51 ↓ 26 ↓ 31 ↓ 47 ↓ 经济学[02] 31 5 ↓ 47 ↓ 71 ↓ 30 5 ↓ 44 ↓ 66 ↓ 29 5 ↓ 41 ↓ 62 ↓ 法学[03](不含法律硕士专业[030180]) 31 5 ↓ 46 ↓ 69 ↓ 30 5 ↓ 43 ↓ 65 ↓ 29 5 ↓ 40 ↓ 60 ↓ 教育学[04](不含体育学[0403]) 30 ↓ 42 ↓ 126 ↓ 29 ↓ 39 ↓ 117 ↓ 28 ↓ 36 ↓ 108 ↓ 文学[05](不含艺术学[0504]) 34 ↓ 51 ↓ 77 ↓ 33 ↓ 48 ↓ 72 ↓ 32 ↓ 45 ↓ 68 ↓ 历史学[06] 29 ↑ 40 ↑ 120 ↑ 28 ↑ 37 ↑ 111 ↑ 27 ↑ 34 ↑ 102 ↑ 理学[07] 28 ↓ 38 ↓ 57 ↓ 27 ↓ 35 ↓ 53 ↓ 26 ↓ 32 ↓ 48 ↓ 工学[08](不含照顾专业) 27 5 ↓ 37 ↓ 56 ↓ 26 5 ↓ 34 ↓ 51 ↓ 25 5 ↓ 31 ↓ 47 ↓ 农学[09] 26 ↓ 32 ↓ 48 ↓ 25 5 ↓ 31 ↓ 47 ↓ 25 ↓ 30 ↓ 45 ↓
第一章British the republic of ireland became independent in the year(1949) the british empire was replaced by the british commonwealth in(1931) the English people and the English language were born from the union of(norman conquerors an the defeated anglo-sax ons the first known settlers of Britain were (the iberians) about 80000 scots speak gaelic which is an ancient (celtic language) the ancestors of the welsh were the ancient(celts) the average population density in Britain is(250)people per square kilo in 1066 harold and his troops fought against William on Senlac field near(hastlings) the Plantagenet dynasty was found by(henry 2) english reformation was carried out by(henry8) simon de Montfort reform beginning of English (parliament) from 1649 to 1658,it was ruled first by oliver Cromwell as(lord protector) it was during the reign of(anne)the the name great Britain came into being in 1707 the 1851 london great exposition was held in the crystal palace designed by queen(victoria)husband albert. the house of commons has(650)members of parliament british conservative party(tory)party in the 18th century the house of common is headed by（the speaker） the economic policy in the 1950s and 1960s was based on(john maynard keynes) in Britain less than(2/)are farmers britain became a net exporter of oil in the(1980s) the following financial institutions have their headquarters in London except(royal bank of scotland) to stimulate economic recovery, the thacher polcies but(interventionism) britain is the(sixth)largest trading nation british oil fields were discovered on the(north sea) the national health service was established in(1948) (central government)is directly responsible for the nhs children up to the age of (16) can receive family allowance for children (the baptists)is not among the anglican churches (the Methodist church)is the largest of the free churches the principal non-Christian communities in Britain are(the jews) the church of scotland is a(Presbyterian) (the free churches)in Britain have also been known as dissenters (7) roman catholic provinces in great Britain the church of english has two provinces, they are(Canterbury and york) there are some (90)universities the universities of oxford and cambridge date from the (12th and 13th) (public schools)are independent schools secondary education in(northern ireland) is selective harrow school is a(public school) higher education is usually defined as advanced course of a standard higher(gce a level) the following universities belong to red brick except(glasgow) the leading scientific society in Britain is(the royal society) the times is a (quality daily) the daily mirror is a popular daily
2008 Text 1 在现代生活中女性就算是在某些领域可以追赶上男性，但至少在一个方面是领先的，尽管是她们不太想要的。纽约的退伍军管理医院精神科首席医生Yehuda博士说道，和男性相比，女性面对压力时，更容易受到影响，导致抑郁和紧张。 对于动物和人类的研究都显示出性激素会在某种程度去影响面对压力的反应，导致在同样的条件下，女性产生更多的致病化学物质。在几项研究中，当受到压力的雌鼠的卵巢（雌性的生殖器官）被拿掉后，它们的化学反应变得和那些雄性的一样了。 对于女性来说，除了产生更多的导致压力的化学物质外，她们产生压力的“机会”也更多。“并不是女性要处理的事情太少，而是她们有更多的事情要处理。”Yehuda博士说道。“她们对于压力的承受能力有时候甚至比男性的还大”，她观察到，“她们只是需要处理的事情太多，看起来会更容易精疲力尽。” Yehuda博士注意到了另一个男女之间的不同点。“我认为，女性通常要做的事是慢性的，重复的。而男人去战场，承受的是格斗的压力。男性面临的更多的是随意的身体上的暴力。女性面对的人与人之间的暴力是在家庭环境中的。不幸的是，她们与父母还有其他的家庭成员之间不是能够一次性解决的问题。这种长期的关系的磨合是更有破坏性的。 Adeline Alvarez 18岁结婚并生了个儿子，但她决定完成大学学业。“我尽了很大的努力拿到大学学位，因为我在实际生活中有很多的挫折，而这就是我的逃避，去学校，争取上游，做到更好。”不久后，她离了婚变成一个单亲母亲。“除了照顾一个十几岁的孩子，还要工作，付房租，养车，还债是最难的事情了。我的生活就是不停的支付自己的账单。” 不是每个人经历着和Alvarez describes一样的长期的压力，但是大多数女性都在处理着太多的责任，很少得到喘息，从而感到了压力。Alvarez的经历证明了当压力威胁你的健康和正常生理功能之前解压是非常重要的。 2008 Text 2 原本一切都很简单。一组研究员在实验室里共同完成一个试验，把结果提交给某刊物，刊物的编辑把作者姓名及相关信息隐去，把报告交给这些研究者的同行去审阅。根据评论意见，编辑将决定是否发表。因此，版权留在刊物出版社手上，辛苦探求知识的研究者反倒要花钱订阅刊物。 现在不再是这样了。提供资金的机构施加压力，质疑为什么商业刊物可以通过限制刊载的手段从政府投资的研究项目中牟利，互联网使得阅读科研结果成为现实。经济合作及发展组织近日发布一项调查，描述了这一现象所造成的深远影响。澳大利亚维多利亚大学的John Houghton和经合组织的Graham Vickery联合完成这一报告，内容使目前为止收入丰厚的出版商们感到汗颜。但是这项报告的意义远远不止于此，它标志着科学尝试的一项关键性因素即将发生改变。 在某种程度上来说，知识的价值和公共投资能否取得较高回报，取决于是否能够得到广泛的流通、人们是否能够比较容易地获取这些研究成果。这是一项很大的产业。在美国，核心科研出版市场产值每年在70亿美元到110亿美元左右。国际科学、技术和医学出版社集团宣称全世界专业出版本类期刊的出版商有2000多家。他们每年在16000种刊物上发表120万篇以上文章。 这个数字现在有所变化。根据OECD报告，目前有75%的专业期刊在互联网上有在线阅读。全新的商务模式正在形成，报告作者总结出其中三种。第一种是所谓的大订单模式，即机构团体订阅者通过签订网站协议付钱购买阅读一批刊物文章题目的权限。第二种为开放