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2013年新版英语二讲义

2013年新版英语二讲义（全）

Unit 1 The Power of Language

I. New words and expressions New words

1.critical adj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的

2. non-fiction n. 纪实文学

3. position n. 观点；态度；立场

4. statement n. 说明；说法；表态

5. question v. 表示疑问；怀疑

out of question / out of the question

6. evaluate v. 估计；评价；评估

7. context n. 事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉

8. value n. values [pl.]是非标准；价值观valuable

invaluable=priceless valueless

9.represent v. 描述；表现representative adj./n.

10.assertion n. 明确肯定；断言

11. sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的Sufficiency insufficient

12. statistic n. statistics [pl.]统计数字；统计资料

13. integrate v.（使）合并，成为一体

14. authority n.专家；学术权威；泰斗an/the authority on sth. authorize

15. compare v. 比较；对比compare A with B compare A to B

16. subject n. 主题；题目；题材

17. consistent adj. 相符的；符合的

18. inconsistency n. 不一致

19. assumption n. 假定；假设

20. case n. 具体情况；事例in casein case of fire in case that… a case in point

confirmed/suspected cases

21.directly adv. 直接地；径直地

22.identify v. 找到；发现

23. valid adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的validity n. 有效性，正确（性）invalid

24. credible adj. 可信的；可靠的incredible=unbelievable

25. landmark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑

26. relevant adj. 紧密相关的；切题的relevancy n. 关联；恰当irrelevant

27. current adj. 现时发生的；当前的

28. appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的inappropriate

It's (not) appropriate that ….

29. bias n. 偏见；偏心；偏向

30. considerably adv. 非常；很；相当多地consider considering considerable considerate consideration

31. Democrat n. （美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民

32. Republican n. （美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者

33. reflect v. 显示；表明；表达

34. informed adj. 有学问的；有见识的well-informed ill-informed

Phrases and Expressions

1.apply to 使用；应用

2.put forth 提出；产生

3. take …into account 考虑到；顾及

4. accept/take …at face value 相信表面；信以为真

5. with a grain of salt 有保留地；持怀疑态度地

II. Text Learning

Critical Reading

①(1)Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just（不只是，不仅仅是）understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.（启下句）

本部分重点及难点：

1. Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. apply to sb./sth.= be applicable to sb./sth.

apply的派生词：application, applicant, applicable

②Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. (2)Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. (3)In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author. 本部分重点及难点：

2. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. some time

注意区分：sometime / sometimes / some times

3. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author. 不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。

those是代词，代替前面的复数名词values and attitudes。代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。例如：The students in your class are more hard-working than those in his class. The values of the young people differ from those of their elders. Your voice is more beautiful that that of your classmates. The price of that book is higher than that of this one. 请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！

【单选题】1. The necklace her sister is wearing is much more beautiful than ______ worn by Mary. A．this B．that C．these D．those 【答案】B

【解析】本题考查指代词those/that的用法。英语句子中为了避免重复常使用代词代替前面出现过的名词。代替前面的复数名词用those；代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。本句中空格处要填的词代替代替单数可数名词necklace，故选A。此处that也可以换成the one。【知识点】指代词those/that的用法

③Question assertions made by the author. Don't accept what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support.（承上句）Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.

④Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. (4)Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies. （承上句）本部分重点及难点：

4. Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. be consistent with 与……一致

consist vi. 组成（of）；在于（in）；符合（with）

The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.

This doesn't consist with what you told me earlier. 这和你先前告诉我的不符合。

consist的派生词：consistent, inconsistent, consistency, inconsistency 请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测

评的成绩！

【单选题】2. To tell you the truth, I really hope that your actions will consist ______ your words this time. A．of B．in C．at D．With

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查consist的用法。consist of意为"由……组成"；consist in意为"在于"；consist with意为"与……一致"，故选D。consist at不存在。该句的意思是"说实话，我真希望这次你的言行能一致"。【知识点】consist的用法

⑤Analyze assumptions made by the author. (5)Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the author's assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions.（承上启下句）Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.

⑥Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.（承上句）Finally if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current（启下句）. For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.

⑦Identify any possible author bias. (6)A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. (7)What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written with "a grain of salt."

⑧By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate. 本部分重点及难点：

5. Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions.

whatever引导的是表语从句，不能换成no matter what。名词性从句（主语，宾语，表语，同位语从句）中，"疑问词ever"不能换成"no matter+疑问词"，状语从句中可以换用。例如：

Whoever comes to our party is welcome. （不能换成no matter who…）He will lend a helping hand to whoever needs his help. (不能换) He will buy whatever his son wants. （不能换）

Whatever you do, I will support you. (能换成no matter what…)

6.A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. likely 在该句中是副词likely adj. / adv.

be likely to do sth.

It's likely that…

a likely result

Profit will most likely have risen by about ?2 million. 利润极可能增加200万英镑左右。（副词）

likely的派生词：unlikely, likelihood。

例如：The likelihood of infection is minimal. 感染的可能性极小。

7. What is written may very well reflect a biased position. a biased position

be biased to/toward(s)/against 反义词：unbiased

III. 部分练习讲解

P111 Bridging the Gap

Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given. 解题方法：把词分类

动词名词形容词副词

define action powerful internally

express tears personal shape

shape good

respond to

Language is one of the things that sets us apart as beings, one of the things that essentially 1 definesus as humans. When language is used well it can elicit very deep feeling in others, motivate others to 2 actionand define the nature of our relationships. Sometimes in poetry the juxtaposition（并列）of two words or a certain phrase can bring 3 tearsto the eyes, call up a whole host of imagery and move us deeply. We have seen language recently used in the politics of persuasion, used for 4 goodor ill - depending on your viewpoint. When we use language to 5 expressour true feelings to someone it can open and deepen the connection between us. Language is a very 6 powerfultool. How we use language shapes our world both 7 internallyand externally. How you use self-talk - what you say to yourself about yourself and about the world directly 8 shapes（塑造，使成形）your experience of both yourself and the world. How you deliver communication shapes the way the world 9 responds toyou. We can use language more effectively in both spheres: internal and external and directly influence the health and power of our 10 personalrelationships and our business relationships.

I. New words and expressions

New words

1.confidence n.自信心；把握

新概念英语105课讲义

Lesson 105 Full of mistakes 错误百出一、本课重要单词 spell: v. 拼写; How do you spell your name? 你的名字是怎么拼写的？Intelligent: adj. 聪明的，有智慧的; The girl looked intelligent. 这女孩看起来是聪明伶俐。另外表达聪明的，常见的还有clever。 mistake：n./ v. (1) n. 错误 a spelling mistake 拼写错误 make a mistake 做错，犯错 (2) v.误解，弄错，误会; 常见的短语为：mistakesthforsth把…误为…;例： mistake him for you: 把他误认为你。 present：既可以用作名词还可以用作形容词跟动词，(1) n.礼物 Present:指礼物的一般性用语 gift:是稍正式的说法 (2) 赠送，呈献，奉送; present sth to sb = present sb with sth把…赠送给某人My friend presented a dictionary to me. 我的好朋友送给了我一本字典。

dictionary: n.词典; I looked up the word in the dictionary. 我在词典中查找单词. 二、本课重要知识点 1. Do you want to speak to her? 你想要跟她说话吗？在本句中需要掌握的是want一词的用法： ①主语+want sth:想要、、、，表示主观的希望，想要，例： I want a bottle of water.我想要一瓶水。 He wants some books.他想要许多书。 ②want to do sth:想要去做、、、例： I want to eat an apple.我想要吃个苹果。 Tom wants to go swimming.汤姆想去游泳。 ③want sb to do sth:想让某人去做、、、例： I want my mother to drink some water. 我想让妈妈喝点水。 She wants me to open the door. 她想让我去开门。 2. This letter is full of mistakes. 这封信错误百出。在本句中需要引起注意的一个知识点是be full of 与be filled with 的用法： be full of 与be filled with都可以表示“充满…..”这个意思，二者用法稍有不同：

2013年7月英语2真题

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