2013年新版英语二讲义

2013年新版英语二讲义（全）Unit 1 The Power of LanguageI. Ne w wor ds a nd ex p r es s ionsNe w wor ds1. c r itic a l a dj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的2. no n-f ic tion n. 纪实文学3. pos iti on n. 观点；态度；立场4. s tatem ent n. 说明；说法；表态5. qu es tio n v. 表示疑问；怀疑out of ques ti on / ou t of the q ues ti on6. e va luat e v. 估计；评价；评估7. c ont ex t n. 事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉8. v al ue n. v al ues [p l.]是非标准；价值观va lu abl ein va lua bl e=pr ic el es sva lu eles s9. r epr es e nt v. 描述；表现r epr es enta tiv e a dj./n.10. as s er ti on n. 明确肯定；断言11. s uf f ic ient a dj. 足够的；充足的Suf f ic ienc y ins uf f ic ient12. s tat is tic n. s tat is ti c s [pl.]统计数字；统计资料13. inte gr ate v.（使）合并，成为一体14. a uth or it y n.专家；学术权威；泰斗an/th e a uthor it y o n s th.auth or i ze15. c om par e v. 比较；对比c om par e A w ith Bc om par e A t o B16. s ubj ec t n. 主题；题目；题材17. c ons is tent adj. 相符的；符合的18. inc ons is t enc y n. 不一致19. as s um ption n. 假定；假设20. c as e n. 具体情况；事例in c as ein c as e of f ir ein c as e t hat…a c as e i n po intc onf irm ed/s us pec ted c as es21. d ir ec tl y a d v. 直接地；径直地22. ide ntif y v. 找到；发现23. va lid adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的va lid it y n. 有效性，正确（性）in val i d24. c r ed ib le a dj. 可信的；可靠的inc r ed ibl e=unb el ie vab le25. lan dm ark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑26. r e le van t adj. 紧密相关的；切题的r ele vanc y n. 关联；恰当ir r ele va nt27. c ur r ent adj. 现时发生的；当前的28. a ppr o pr iat e adj. 合适的；恰当的ina ppr opr iat eIt's (not) ap pr opr i ate t hat ….29. b ia s n. 偏见；偏心；偏向30. c ons ider a bl y a dv.非常；很；相当多地c ons iderc ons ider ingc ons ider a bl ec ons ider a tec ons ider a tio n31. D em oc r at n. （美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民32. R epu bl ic an n. （美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者33. r ef lec t v. 显示；表明；表达34. inf or m ed adj. 有学问的；有见识的wel l-inf or m edil l-inf or m edPhr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons1. ap pl y t o 使用；应用2. pu t f or th 提出；产生3. tak e … i nto ac c oun t 考虑到；顾及4. ac c ept/tak e … at f ac e v alu e 相信表面；信以为真5. wi th a gr ai n of s alt有保留地；持怀疑态度地II. T ex t Lear n ingCr itic a l R e ad ing① (1)Cr itic a l r ead ing app lies to n on-f ic tio n wr i tin g in whic h th e a uthor pu tsf or th a pos it io n or s e ek s to m ak e a s tatem ent. C r itic a l r ea di ng i s ac tiv er eadi ng. It in vo lv es m or e than j us t（不只是，不仅仅是）und er s tand ing what an a uthor is s a yi n g. Cr itic a l r ea din g in vol v es ques t ion ing an d e v alu ati ng what t he auth or is s a yi n g, and f or m ing yo u r own o pi nio ns ab out w hat t he auth or is s a yi ng. H er e ar e the t hi ngs yo u s hou ld do t o be a c r itic al r ea der.（启下句）本部分重点及难点：1. Cr it ic al r ead ing ap pli es to non-f ic tio n wr iti ng in whic h t he aut hor putsf or th a pos it io n or s e ek s to m ak e a s tatem ent.app l y to s b./s th.= b e ap pl ic abl e to s b./s t h.app l y的派生词：a p plic a tio n, a pp lic a nt, a ppl ic ab le② C ons ider t he c o nte x t of wh at is wr itte n. You m a y b e r ea di ng s om ething that w as wr itt en b y a n aut hor f r om a diff er ent c u ltur a l c ont ex t th an your s.(2)O r, you m a y b e r e adi ng s om ethin g wr it t en s om e tim e ago in a dif f er ent tim e c ontex t tha n yo ur s. (3)In eit her c as e, you m us t r ec ogn i ze an d tak e into ac c ount a n y dif f er enc es bet ween yo ur v al u es and att itud es an d t hos er epr es ente d b y t he a u thor.本部分重点及难点：2. O r, yo u m a y be r ea din g s om ething wr itt e n s om e tim e ago in a dif f er ent tim e c ontex t tha n yo u r s.s om e tim e注意区分：s om etim e / s om etim es / s om e tim es3. I n eit her c as e, you m us t r ec ogn i ze and ta k e into ac c ount a n y d i ff er enc es bet we en yo ur v al ues and att itud es an d t hos e r epr es e nted b y t he auth or. 不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2013年版)I. 考试性质英语(二)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。

其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II. 考试形式和试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180分钟。

满分为100分。

试卷包括试题册和答题卡。

答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。

考生应将英语知识运用和阅读理解部分的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将英译汉和写作部分的答案按要求写在答题卡2上。

(二)试卷结构试题分四部分，共48题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。

第一部分英语知识运用主要考查考生对英语知识点的综合运用能力。

共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。

在一篇约350词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

第二部分阅读理解主要考查考生获取信息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词义并进行推断等方面的能力。

该部分由A、B两节组成，共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。

A节(20小题)本部分为多项选择题。

共四篇文章，总长度为1 500词左右。

要求考生阅读文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。

考生需要在每小题所提供的选项(A、B、C、D)中选出唯一正确或是最合适的答案。

每篇文章设5题，共20题。

每小题2分，共40分。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

B节(5小题)本部分有两种备选题型。

每次考试从这两种题型中选择其中的一种形式，或者两种形式的组合进行考查。

本节文章设5小题，每小题2分，共10分。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

备选题型包括：1)多项对应本部分为一篇长度为450~550词的文章，试题内容分为左右两栏，左侧一栏为5道题目，右侧一栏为7个选项。

2013年研究生入学考试英语一真题与解析英语二完型Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of thistype of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail答案：1-5: ADBDC6-10: BBDBA11-15: ADCCC16-20: CABAD英语二阅读原文及出处：Text 1In an essay, entitled “Making It in America,”in the latest issue of The Atlantic, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines。

Unit 4 The Joy of WorkI. Ne w wor ds a nd ex p r es s ionsNe w wor ds1. b les s ing n. 好事；有益之事2. s ubs is te nc e n. 勉强维持生活；生计3. s ugar c a ne n. 甘蔗4. c or n n. 玉米5. ho g n. 猪6. c as h n. 现金7. da ir y adj. 乳品业的；生产乳品的n. 牛奶场；乳制品区分：da ir y / di ar y8. c om plain v. 抱怨；埋怨；发牢骚c om plaintc om plain t o s b. a bo ut s th.c om plain of a s p lit ti ng h ead ac he9. c ar pen ter n. 木工；木匠10. c om m itted adj. 尽心尽力的：坚信的；坚定的c om m it an er r orc om m it a c r im ec om m it s uic idec om m it ones elf to (doi ng) s th.be c om m itted to (d oin g) s th.c om m itm ent11. br ic k n. 砖；砖块12. h am m er n. 锤子；榔头13. es c or t n. 护送者；护卫队14. r em ind v. 提醒；使想起15. vic t im n. 受害者；牺牲品f all vic t im to s th.16. ide olo g y n. 意识形态：观念形态17. t er r or is m n. 恐怖主义18. d epr es s io n n. 萧条期；经济衰退；不景气depr es sdepr es s e d 沮丧的；萧条的19. u nr es t n. 动荡；动乱；骚动20. il leg al adj. 不合法的；非法的；违法的il是in的变体，否定前缀，再如：il lo gic alir, im都是in的变体，如：ir r egu lar, ir r es p o ns ibl e, im bala nc ed, i m poss ible, im m obile21. im m igr ant n.（外来）移民；外侨22. tr af f ick ing n. 非法交易；非法买卖c结尾的词变形时先加k，如tr aff ick er, panic k er, pic nic k er, tr aff ick ing, pan ic k ing23. d ea ler n. 贩毒者；毒品贩子dea l in s th.c ar / dr ug de alerdea l w ith s t h.24. g ang n. 一帮，一群，一伙（闹事、斗殴的年轻人）25. c on tr ib ute v. 增加；增进；添加（到某物）26. q uit v. 停止；戒掉Phr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons1. br i ng in 赚得；挣2. ek e out a l iv in g 竭力维持生计；勉强度日3. s ink in 被完全理解；被充分意识到4. l ook f or wa r d to （高兴地）盼望，期待5. o ver a nd o v er aga i n 多次；反复地；一再6. be pr ep ar ed f or准备好；有所准备7. be li ev e i n 认为某事好（对、可接受）II. T ex t Lear n ingW ork Is a Bl es s ing① I gr ew up in L ak ela nd, Lo uis i ana, one of 12 c hil dr en. W e all li v ed on m y par ents' s ubs is te nc e f ar m（自给自足的农场）. W e gr ew c otto n, s ugar c ane, c or n, hogs, c h ic k ens and had a l ar ge gar d en, b ut it d idn't br i ng in m uc hc as h. S o w hen I was 12, I got a par t-t im e j ob on a da ir y f ar m do wn the r o ad, hel pin g to m ilk c ows. W e m ilk ed 65 c ows at 5 in the m or ning, and aga in at 2 in t h e af ter no on, s ev e n da ys a w eek.② In t he k itc hen one Satur da y bef or e da yl i ght, I r ii ber c om plain i ng to m yf ather and gr an df athe r about h av ing t o go m ilk thos e c ows. M y f ather s ai d, "Ya k now, bo y, t o wor k is a bles s ing."③ I l ook ed at t hos e t wo m en w ho'd wo r k ed har der t han I e ver ha d - m yf ather ek ing ou t a li vi ng o n th at f ar m, and m y gr andf ath er f arm ing a ndwor k ing as a c ar p ent e r dur i ng the D epr es s i on. (1)I h ad a f eel ing I ha d bee ntold s om ethin g r ea ll y i m por tant, but it t ook m an y ye ar s bef or e it s ank in.（承上、总结的话）④ G oi ng t o c o lle ge w as a r ar e pr i vi leg e f or a k id f r om Lak eland, Lou is ian a. M y f ath er to ld m e if I pic k ed s om ething to s tud y th at I lik ed do in g, I'dal wa ys l ook f or war d t o m y wor k. But he als o ad ded, "E ven ha vi n g a j ob yo u hate is be tter th an no t h a vi ng a j ob at al l." I want ed t o b e a f ar m er, but I j oined t he R O T C（美）后备军官训练队，预备役军官训练营（R es er v e O ff ic er s' T r aining C or ps）pr o gr am to help p a y f or c oll ege. (2)An d wh at s tar ted o ut as an ob li gat io n to t he Ar m y bec am e a wa y o f lif e that I s ta yed c om m itted to f or 37 ye ar s, thr ee m onths a nd t hr ee da ys.本部分重点及难点：1. I h ad a f eel ing I ha d be en t old s om ethin g r eal l y im por tant, bu t it t ookm an y year s b ef or e it s ank in. 我有种感觉--父亲跟我说了一些确实重要的东西，但许多年后我才真正理解。

Unit 6 Text AThe Value of MoneyNever spend your money before you have it.钱财未到手，绝不提前花。

Thomas Jefferson美国第3位总统(1801年3月4日--1809年3月3日)职业：律师，种植者政党：民主共和党人托马斯·杰斐逊生于1743年的Albermarle县，他是一位种植员和检查员，从他父亲那里继承了大约5，000英亩土地。

母亲拥有很高的社会地位。

他在威廉玛莉学院学习，然后读法律。

在1772年，他与玛莎结婚。

1767年取得律师资格。

1767年进入殖民地议会。

1775年参加第H次大陆会议。

次年，参加《独立宣言》五人起草委员会，成为宣言的主要起草人。

1776年重返弗吉尼亚议会，制定宗教信仰自由法案。

1779一1781年任弗吉尼亚州长。

1784年出任驻法公使。

1789年任国务卿。

1800年当选总统。

托马斯·杰斐逊是美国独立革命运动的一位积极领导者和组织者，著名的美国《独立宣言》的起草人。

他前后从事政治活动近六十年之久，在美国人民的心目中是一位伟大的英雄。

杰斐逊是资产阶级民主主义思想家，主张人权平等、言论、宗教和人身自由。

他起草的《废止限嗣继承法规》，沉重打击了从英国带到美洲的封建主义残余。

他起草了《弗吉尼亚宗教自由法规》，并使这一法规在州议会获得通过，实现了政教分离。

杰斐逊任总统期间，美国从法国人手中“购买”了路易斯安那地区，使美国领土扩大近一倍。

他还派遣远征队西行，使美国的西部边界伸向太平洋海岸。

他执政期间进行过一些民主改革，领导了反对亲英保守势力、争取保持资产阶级民主的斗争，起了积极和进步作用，为美国资本主义的迅速发展准备了条件。

杰斐逊好学多才，兴趣广泛。

他是土地测量师、建筑师、古生物学家、哲学家、音韵学家和作家。

他懂得拉丁语、希腊语、法语、西班牙语和意大利语。

他还对数学、农艺学和建筑学，甚至提琴等感兴趣。

00015⾃考英语⼆520170419北京历年真题2013年10⽉讲义上北京真题讲义（2013年10⽉上）第六部分：完形补⽂Language learningIf you decide to take language courses online, be sure there are advantages in studying online. Its costs are usually lower (low) than the classroom learning, and you can study at your own pace, and you can easily (ease) get the materials 24 hours a day from almost any computer in the world. However, you won't get the human interaction(interact) of meeting people face to face, as you would if you were attending a school abroad in person.However, the advantage of going (go) abroad may include day-to-day chances to learn a new culture, to meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language, and to see different (difference) parts of the world. There are also a number of disadvantages(disadvantage) for some students, including high cost, time away from one's school, family, or work life, and difficulty in getting ( get) used to a new culture and way of life.Whatever you do, consider a distance education program that meets(meet) your educational needs, that is what you can afford, and that provides you with chances beyond the class-room through cultural(culture) activities and educational activities. As long as you try your best, you have the possibility (possible) of success. 第五部分：填词补⽂Crying is healthyWhen I was small and my grandmother died, I couldn't understand why I had no tears. But when my dad tried to cheer me up that night, my laugh turned into crying. Researchers believe that crying and laughing come from the same part of the brain. Just as scientists are discovering that laughing has many health advantages, so does crying.To reduce pressure is important to our emotional health, and study found that 85 percent of women and 73 percent of men report feeling better after crying.Besides, tears attract help from other people. Researchers agree that when we cry, people around us become kinder and friendlier and they are more ready to provide support and comfort. Tears also enable us to understand our emotions better; sometimes we don't even know we're very sad until we cry. We learn about our emotions through crying, and then we can deal with them.Just as crying can be healthy, not crying---holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering -- can be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illness. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don't fight it. It's a natural and healthy emotional response.七、写作请根据要求撰写⼀篇120词左右的英语短⽂。

2013英语二text2The American Dream: A Collective Aspiration and a Personal Journey.The American Dream is a deeply ingrained concept in the collective psyche of the United States, embodying the aspirations and ideals of generations past and present. While it lacks a definitive definition, the Dream is characterized by a belief in opportunity, equality, and the pursuit of happiness. It is intertwined with the nation's history and has evolved over time, reflecting the changing demographics and aspirations of its people.At its core, the American Dream is a belief in the possibility of upward mobility and economic success. It isa conviction that individuals have the power to shape their own destinies, regardless of their socioeconomic background. The Dream encourages hard work, determination, and innovation as pathways to prosperity. It fosters a spiritof optimism and a belief in the transformative power ofindividual action.Beyond material wealth, the American Dream encompassesa broader notion of personal fulfillment and well-being. It is a desire for a meaningful life, characterized by freedom, security, and the ability to pursue one's passions. Education, family, and community play vital roles inshaping the Dream, providing individuals with the knowledge, support, and connections necessary to achieve their aspirations.The American Dream has been a driving force in thenation's history, inspiring immigrants and citizens aliketo strive for a better life. It has fueled westward expansion, economic growth, and social progress. However,the Dream has also been criticized for being elusive and unattainable for many Americans. Critics argue that economic inequality, systemic racism, and other social barriers have made it increasingly difficult forindividuals to achieve their full potential.In recent decades, the American Dream has undergone atransformation, reflecting the changing social and economic landscape of the country. While the pursuit of material wealth remains a significant aspect of the Dream, there has been a growing emphasis on work-life balance, sustainability, and social responsibility. The Dream is no longer solely defined by the accumulation of possessions but rather by the quality of life and the contributions one makes to society.Despite its complexities and challenges, the American Dream continues to resonate with Americans from all walks of life. It is a symbol of hope, aspiration, and the belief in a better future. The Dream may evolve over time, but its fundamental message of opportunity, equality, and personal fulfillment remains timeless.As we navigate the ever-changing landscape of the 21st century, it is crucial to re-examine the American Dream and ensure that it remains accessible to all. By addressing systemic barriers, promoting education and economic mobility, and fostering a spirit of unity and inclusivity, we can create a society where every individual has theopportunity to achieve their full potential.The American Dream as a Personal Journey.For each individual, the American Dream takes on a unique form, shaped by their personal experiences, aspirations, and values. It is a journey of self-discovery, resilience, and the pursuit of a meaningful life.For some, the American Dream may be realized through professional success, financial security, and the ability to provide for their families. Others may define the Dream in terms of artistic expression, intellectual growth, or service to their communities. For many immigrants, the American Dream is synonymous with the opportunity to build a new life for themselves and their families, free from the constraints of their homelands.The journey towards the American Dream is not without its challenges. Individuals face obstacles such as economic hardship, discrimination, and personal setbacks. However,it is through adversity that resilience and determinationare forged. The pursuit of the Dream often requires sacrifice, perseverance, and a willingness to adapt and overcome challenges.Along the way, individuals draw inspiration and support from mentors, family members, and friends. They learn from their mistakes, embrace setbacks as opportunities for growth, and never lose sight of their aspirations. The journey towards the American Dream is not linear but rather a winding path, filled with both triumphs and tribulations.The American Dream is not merely a destination but rather an ongoing pursuit. It is a belief in the power of human potential, the importance of hard work, and the possibility of creating a better future for oneself and for generations to come. As individuals navigate the complexities of the 21st century, they continue to redefine and pursue the American Dream in their own unique ways, contributing to the collective tapestry of a nation built on hope and aspiration.。

2013年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文主要分析了无现金社会为何迟迟不来的原因。

第一段是文章的中心段落，指出真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。

第二、三段从电子支付设备昂贵、纸质支票提供收据、使用纸质支票能获得浮存利息以及电子支付方式存在的安全隐私问题四个方面分析纸币系统得以继续存在的理由。

二、试题解析1．【答案】A （However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。

”而空后说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，两者之前出现了明显的转折关系，因此答案A。

B. moreover 表递进C.therefore 表结果D. Otherwise 表对比2．【答案】D （around）【解析】由空格所在句的“but”得知，句子前后是转折关系。

事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。

A. off 停止; B. back 返回; C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选 D. around 出现。

3．【答案】B （concept）【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975 年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____”将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念（定义），而A“力量”,C“历史”,D“角色”，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择role 的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。

4．【答案】D （reverse）【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize （变革）意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中 A. reward 奖励 B. 抵抗 C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不合适，只有 D 选项reverse“颠覆”最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。

2013年考研英语二，文章一共有两篇，并且每篇文章都附有一些题目要求。

根据此，我们按照以下结构来撰写本文：1. 开头部分2. 第一篇文章分析1. 主题和内容概述2. 文章结构分析3. 语言特点和表达方式分析4. 文章主旨和作者意图分析5. 对文章的评价和总结3. 第二篇文章分析1. 主题和内容概述2. 文章结构分析3. 语言特点和表达方式分析4. 文章主旨和作者意图分析5. 对文章的评价和总结4. 结尾部分【开头部分】2013年考研英语二的试题为两篇文章，分别为Text1和Text2。

在本文中，我们将对这两篇文章逐一分析，包括主题和内容概述、文章结构分析、语言特点和表达方式分析、文章主旨和作者意图分析等内容，并进行评价和总结。

【第一篇文章分析】1. 主题和内容概述文章主要讲述了社会网络带来的变革和影响。

针对互联网时代的社交媒体，作者对其产生的作用进行了深入思考，并提出了一系列观点和看法。

2. 文章结构分析文章采用了典型的议论文结构，包括概述、论点论据、结论等部分。

在概述部分，通过引用相关数据和真实案例，为后续的论证提供了有效的铺垫。

在论点论据部分，作者分别从社交网络对人际关系、信息传播、言论自由等方面进行了论述。

在结论部分，作者对社交网络的影响做了总结和展望。

3. 语言特点和表达方式分析文章使用了丰富多样的修辞手法和严谨的逻辑思维，在描述、论证和总结方面都显示出了较高的语言表达水平。

篇章结构清晰，条理分明，表达方式简洁明了，使人印象深刻。

4. 文章主旨和作者意图分析文章主要向读者呈现了社交网络在当今社会中的重要地位和影响力，同时也提醒人们应理性对待社交网络，充分发挥其积极作用。

5. 对文章的评价和总结该篇文章在主题选择、论证方式、语言表达等方面都表现出了较高水平。

作者对社交网络的深刻思考和客观分析，为读者提供了具有启发意义的观点和见解。

【第二篇文章分析】1. 主题和内容概述文章主要讲述了人们对未来的展望和期待。

2013考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alterinformation 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention[C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two em ployees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an averagelifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______.[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for g ood. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way wethink about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among toda y’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____.[A] immigrate across the Atlantic[B] leave their home countries for good[C] stay in a foreign temporarily[D]find permanent jobs overseas27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US ____.[A] needs new immigrant categories[B] has loosened control over immigrants[C] should be adopted to meet challenges[D] has been fixed via political means28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___[A] financial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D]the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D]as mighty rivals.30 which is the best title of the passage?[A] come and go: big mistake[B] living and thriving : great risk[C] with or without : great risk[D]legal or illegal: big mistakeText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick,hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism oropen-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed tofast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” informati on reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘thin sliced’study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s topcorporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understa nd Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater“soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree,when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is everything[G] Waste not, want not41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, They will let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every fewmonths treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - £1.75 a week for three months gives you £21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47. Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and encourage them to participate .2) Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead. Don’t write your addr ess.(10 points)48 write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words1．【答案】A（However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。