导游考试英文导游词
Good morning! My name is Zhang Yuan.Can I begin?
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Nanjing is the capital city of Jiangsu Province and the provincial political, economic and cultural center; she is located in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, southwest of the province. The population of its urban area is about 3 million.
Nanjing is one of the historical and cultural cities rectified by the state. She bears the reputation of the capital of Wu, Easter Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Southern Tang, Ming, Taiping Kingdom and Republic of China subsequently. Nanjing is a place of celebrities and humanities, with a splendid cultural heritage. The attraction of Nanjing consists in the combination of rich natural and cultural heritages. With many a relics of the Republic of China era in particular, Nanjing is recognized as the museum of modern Chinese history.
DR. SUN YATSEN’S MAUSOLEUM
Among all the historical and cultural attractions in Nanjing, the most favored highlight is Dr. Sun Yaten?s Mausoleum. Dr. Sun Yatsen?s Mausoleum sits on the southern slope of the purple Mountain in the eastern suburb of the city. The construction began on March 12, 1926 and was completed in 1929 when the remains of Dr. Sun Yatsen was transported from Beijing and buried at the present site on June, 1.
Dr. Sun Yatsen, also named Sun Wen or Sun Zhongshan, is considered as the forerunner of the Chinese democratic revolution. Dr. Sun Yatsen is a great man because he devoted 40 yeas of his life to pursuing his dream to overthrow the feudal monarchy and build a progressive, united and democratic Republic of China.
Why was Dr. Sun Yatsen buried in Nanjing instead of in his hometown or Beijing where he died? The mausoleum site was first recommended to Dr. Sun Yatsen by the abbot of Linggu Temple for its good geomantic omen. One day in April, 1912, he went hunting at the site of present mausoleum with his friends.Dr. Sun Yatsen was really so amazed by the beautiful environment that he said to them: “I wish I could be bestowed a piece of land by people and be buried here after my death”. He once again expressed this desire in his sickbed in 1925.The architect named Lu Yanzhi.Dr. Sun Yatsen?s Mausoleum is designed in the shape of a liberty bell, intending to remind people never to get self-contented. The park of mausoleum covers an area of 800000 square meters. The whole architecture, from the gateway to the main entrance, tablet pavilion, memorial hall and the tomb vault, lies on the north-south axis with 392 steps and 10 platforms in between.The buildings are all constructed with natural granite and marbles and covered by blue glazed-title roofs.
Opposite to the bronze incense-burner off the square, stands the 12-meter high gateway of three arches with Dr.
Sun Yatsen?s handwriting “Fraternity” carved on its front top. The 480 meters long Tomb Avenue, lined with pine, gingko and maple trees, leads to the main entrance tower roofed by blue-glazed tile. Under the front eave of the tower, Dr. Sun Yatsen?s motto “The world belongs to people” can be seen.Walking through it, the first building one will see is the tablet pavilion which houses a huge tombstone which is engraved with “Premier Dr. Sun is buried
here by the Chinese Koumingtang on June 1, 1929”. From there, a panoramic view of the memorial hall can be obtained. However, there are still 392 steps in 4 flights to go before tourists reach the memorial hall on the top, and a platform with stone benches at every flight so as not to exhaust the climbers.The memorial hall stands 73.33 meters above the ground. The lintel of the memorial hall is inscribed with “nationalism, democratic rights and people?s livelihood” and a vertical plaque is carved with 4 characters “Hao qi chang cun ” meaning imperishable noble spirit. All these words are written in Dr. Sun?s own hand. In the center of the memorial hall sits the Italian white marble statue of Dr. Sun Yatsen mounted on a pedestal carved in bas-relief by a Polish sculptor about his revolutionary activities. The surrounding walls are inscribed with the national constitution written by Dr. Sun Yatsen. Beyond the memorial hall is the tomb vault.Standing by the side of the pool, as visitors look down, they bow to see Dr. Sun Yatsen?s reclining marble statue with his body buried 5 meters underneath. If one looks up, he will find the emblem of the nationalist Party on the ceiling.
When on e wraps up the homage tour and steps down, he will not only enjoy a bird?s eye view of beautiful Nanjing, but also feel totally relived because he does not see any more of those 392 steps, but the platforms. Not until then, he will understand how great Dr. Sun Yatsen is.
The whole mausoleum is an architectural complex in a typical and traditional Chinese style, and the layout is harmonious and rational. All the buildings are roofed with blue-glazed tiles. With pine trees and cypresses growing around, the mausoleum looks magnificent and dignified.Dr. Sun?s mausoleum attracts thousands of visitors? everyday.
XiaoLing Tomb of The Ming Dynasty
Xiaoling Tomb, or the tomb of filial piety, built 600 years ago, is the mausoleum of Zhu Yuan zhang , the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Lying at the southern foot of the Purple Mountain ,the tomb complex is one of the largest ancient mausoleums of the emperors in china.
Zhu Yuanzhang began to have his tomb built in 1381 when his wife Empress Ma died. The empress was buried in the tomb in 1383.But Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang died in 1398 and was buried here in the same year. But the construction of the mausoleum lasted 38 years or more till 1431 when …the Stele if Sacred Neruts and Virtues of Great Ming? Filial Tomb? was erected.
The mausoleum consists of two major sections. The first section is from the Gateway of Dismounting Horse to the Lingxing Gate at the end of Sacred Way(tomb avenue), of which the approach is 1800 meters long. The second part is the tomb itself. Historical records indicate the mausoleum had a grand red wall, 22.5 kilometers long, enclosing the whole tomb area. The tomb compel was very large with many splendid buildings. 100000 pines were planted and 1000 deer rose in the park of mausoleum. Unfortunately, this large group of buildings was ruined by the wars in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the war in which by the Qing Dynasty army. All the wooden structures were destroyed. However we can still see the exquisite stone carvings from the stone bases and imagine how magnificent it looked like 600 years ago.
The tomb gate known as grand golden gate was a traditional architecture and connected with the red wall. The gateway of Dismounting Horse locates about 750 meters south from here. This shows the absolute dignity of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang at that time. To the east of the gateway, there are two tablets: the holy Mountain Tablet and the Tablet of Mountain Forbidden Regulations decreeing the entrance of the ordinary people into the holy area was to be severely punished. The royal court dispatched troops here to atand as guards at the mausoleum in the
years. That is why the site has been called Xiaolingwei meaning the Town of Filial guard.
Northwards from the great golden gate, a huge roofless stone tablet pavilion can be seen ,it is the Square Castle, as local people call it . Its top is gone but the surrounding walls and four archways still remain. In the middle of the building ,there stands and 8.78 meters high stele called :The Stele of Sacred Merits and Virtues of Great Ming?s Filial Tomb. It was built in 1413 by the third emperor ,Zhu yuanzhang …s fourth son. The stele is inscribed altogether with 2746 Chinese characters in praise of the merits and virtues of Emperor Zhu yuanzhang .
The sacred way is lined on both sides with 12 pairs of giant stone animals in 6 kinds. For each kind of the animals, there are one pair standing and the other kneeling. The standing pair is working and the kneeling resting and they are on duty alternately. The real purpose of building these animals is to demonstrate the royal magnificence and the emperor?s dignity, to drive away evil spirits and guard the tomb. The first 2 pairs of animals are lions, king of the beasts symbolizing power. The second 2 pairs of animals are called Bixie, a unicorn-shaped mythical animal, said to e clever and capable of distinguishing between good and evil. The following pairs of animals include camels, elephants, Kylins or Chinese unicorns and horses. The camel is known as boat in the desert and symbol of prosperity. Each elephant , which is the largest and heaviest sculpture, weighs 80 tons and symbolizes peace. The kylin represents good luck as well as horse loyalty.
In ancient times ,it was rather difficult to move these heavy stone animals. The fact is that workers splashed water on the ground in cold winter, and pushed the stone animals to the present locations on the surface of frozen ice. Two 6.25 meter-high stone pillars serve as alters for the sacrificial offerings. Both the hexagonal pillars are carved with the patterns of clouds and dragons arousing visitors? reverence and worship to the emperor . The sacred avenue makes a right turn here just because the Plum Blossom Hill stands in the way. The hill is the tomb for Sun Quan , The first emperor of Eastern Wu kingdom. It is said that when the tomb was constructed, some ministers suggested that Sun Quan?s tomb should be moved away. But Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang commented that Sun Quan was a good fellow and should stay there to be the concierge of his tomb. The Plum Blossom hill now is popular excursion site for the local people in spring when the plum trees are in full blossom.
Beyond the memorial pillars there are 4 pairs of stone WenZhongs,2 pairs each of court officials and warriors. Legend has it that there was a giant about 10meters tall of Qin Dynasty. The warriors,3.26meters high, are in armor with weapons in hands while court officials are in court ceremonial robe with writing board in hans to take notes of the em peror?s edict.
Behind the statue, there used to be a gate named Lingxing Gate. About 270 meters away from the gate is the stone bridge spanning over a small stream, yet it is called the Imperial Moat Bridge. The bridge used to have 5 arches , but was renovated into 3 arches later in the Qing Dynasty. The bridge foundation and stone dykes is the original except the rail.
About 200 meters north of the Imperial Moat Bridge is the front gate to the tomb. This area is the rear section of the tomb. The arch gate has 5 doorways, with yellow glazed tiles, red walls and doors . The lintel of the middle gate is engraved with 3 Chinese characters meaning …Xiaoling Tomb of Ming Dynasty?. Or “Ming?s Filial Tomb” given by the emperor himself but Ming was added actually la ter in the Qing times. It reflects the emperor?s idea to administer the country with filial piety which is the very instruction of Confucius, the most influential Chinese philosopher. At the right of the gate, there is a table stone on which is inscribed w ith …The Special Notice? written in 6 foreign languages of Japanese, German, English, French, Italian and Russian respectively to reaffirm the attention to the protection of the filial tomb in the late Qing years.
Inside the gate is an entrance hall, of which in the middle is …the Stele of administering the country well as the Tang and Song dynasties?. The tablet stone is engraved with the handwriting of Emperor Kangxi when he was paying his homage to the entombed emperor during his third inspection tour to the area in 1699.
Standing behind the hall is the Filial Hall or Sacrificial hall ,which is one of the major buildings in the mausoleum employed to enshrine Emperor Zhun Yuanzhang and his empress. But the original was destroyed in the wars, and the present one was rebuilt and twice restored in the Qing Dynasty.
The citadel of Treasures is the last building on the ground, 16.25meters high, 75 meters wide and 31 meters in depth. Ascending a flight of 54 stone stairs from an archway of the citadel is the tomb proper covered by a large earthen mound 400 meters in diameter. Under the mound rest the emperor and his consorts , and as the records testify, 50 or more concubines and maids of honor were buried alive for company. Their families were ensured holy titles, but these young lives became the eternal victims of feudal sacrifice system.
The tomb is at the foot of Purple Mountain. It has not been excavated because of the technical reasons of preservation.
Linggu Temple
Linggu Temple Park lies about one an d half kilometers to the east of Dr.Sun Yatsen?s Mausoleum. It was called Jiangshan Temple in ancient time and its original site was in Dulongfu at the foot of the purple Mountain. However, in the early days of the Ming Dynast(1368-1644),Emperor Zhun Yuanzhang chose that place to build his tomb, thus the temple had to be moved and rebuilt at the present site and was renamed as the Linggu Temple with an inscription “The Fist Buddhist Forest” at the entrance there is a secluded footpath with thousands of pine trees, verdant and luxuriant , so it is called the “Valley of Spirit Deep in Pines”. It is one of the 48 attractions in Nanjing . Main attractio ns in the park include Linggu Temple , the gateway of officers and men killed in action, Beamless hall, Pine and Wind Pavilion, Linggu Pagoda, Monk Baogong Pagoda and Table of three Great Artists, etc.
The first major attraction is the gate way of officials and men killed in action. In November 1928, when Chiang Kaishek?s Kuomintang government made a decision to turn the Linggu temple into a cemetery of officials and men killed in battles, the original entrance to the temple was rebuilt into a three-arch gateway for the dead officials and men. The gateway has 5 principle columns made of concrete cement. The gate has its foundation inlaid with granite on surface and roofed by blue-glazed tile. The lintel of the middle door is carved with 4 Chinese characters “great Justice and Virtue” in front face and “Salvation of the Nation and People” on the back. The side linte ls of the gate are decorated with the emblems of the KMT party.
Inside the park there is the Beamless Hall built in 1381 in the Ming dynast. The hall,53.8 meters long, 37.85 meters wide and 22meters high, was built entirely of bricks and stones from top to bottom without a piece of wood, hence the name. There are nine overlapping ridges and three pagodas decorating the top reges. In terms of size, the Beamless Hall stands first and foremost of its kind in china. It was built more than 200 years earlier than the other same kind Hall in other Ares. No wonder it is considered a masterpiece of Chinese stone-brick buildings. The difficulty involved in its construction and the complexity of techniques adopted testify the wisdom of the architects of that time in china.
In 1928, the KMT government turned the hall into a sacrificial memorial hall to hold memorial ceremony for the martyrs, and a stand in the main lobby of the hall for worshipping the Boundless Longevity Buddha was turned into
sacrificial platform. The middle of the three tablets on the hall is engraved with characters reading “The Bier of the National Revolutionary Martyrs”.Dying Words of the State father” inscribed on the right and national anthem of the Republic of china on left. The names of 33000 officials and men died in the North Expedition War against Warlords and the War of Resistance against Japan are carved on the black marble tablets inlaid in the walls. All these remain intact as they were in the 1930s.
An irregular and zigzag enclosure wall is built between the Beamless Hall and the Pine and Wind Pavilion, symbolizing the rim of KMT Blussky and Daylight Flag. A tree planted in the middle of a circle symbolizes the Sun with brick made halo around.No.1 cemetery is in between the two sacrificial pillars standing near the hall. The other two cemeteries locate on both west and east of the Beamless Hall. The whole design seems that the cemetery is under the blue-sky and Day bright Flag.
The Pine and Wind Pavilion was built in 1929, as the memorial hall of the officials and men killed in the action with the things left behind by the martyrs. The pavilion was damaged in the war of Resistance against Japan and restored after 1949. The present name Pine and wind Pavilion was given after its restoration. Beyond the Pavilion is and ancient two-layered tripod , on which is inscribed 4 characters “Engraved Tripod for Memory of Merits”
Linggu Pagoda was built in 1933 as a memorial pagoda for the officials and men killed in wars. The nine storeyed octagonal, is over sixty-meter-high, with a corridor encircled by stone rails on each story. The pagoda was designed by the famous architects Mao Fei and Dong Dayou . 3 characters “Linggupagoda” are inscribed on the lintel of the front door and “where there is a will there?s a way” on the lintel of the back door. On the exterior wall there are 4 characters “Faithful Dedication to the Service of the nation” which is the handwriting of Chiang Kaishek. Inside the pagoda a spiral staircase of 252 steps winds to the top through the nine stories. The inner walls from the second floor to the forth are inlaid with Dr. Sun?s farewell speech made in Whangpoa Military Academy on November 30,1924 just before the starting of the North Expedition War. The inner walls from fifth to the eighth are inlaid with Dr. Sun?s opening speech for Whangpoa Military Academy made on June 16,1924. When one gets to the top story and gazes into the distance, one can get panoramic view of the entire area with fantastic scenery.
In the bushes w est of Pine and Pavilion there lays a tomb pagoda “Baogong Pagoda” named after the eminent Monk Baozhi of the southern Dynasties.
The Linggu Temple was relocated to the present site in the Ming dynasty and Linggu Buddhist Monastery by Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang. The present temple is much small than it used to be .In the temple there is the Treasure Hall of the Great Sage. In the east of the hall , there is a chamber , which used to be called the Goddess of mercy Hall. But it is turned to be memorial hall of Master Xuan zang, who went on a pilgrimage to India in the 7th century and brought back with him large quantities of Buddhist sutras. Then he devoted to the translation of these sutras and greatly enriched the Chinese Buddhist culture in the Tang Dynasty.
City wall of Ming Dynasty
The building of the wall began in 1366, ordered by Zhu Yuanzhang who adopted the suggestion of “building the high wall” by one of his staff and founded the Ming Dynasty two years later. More than 200000 people were employed on the project and many of them died before the wall was completed in 1386.
The wall was 33.678 kilometers in circumference and 14.21 meters high on average. The base of the wall is 14meters wide and the top of the wall is 7meters wide. It was the longest city wall in the world and the city enclosed
by it remained the world?s largest until the 17th century. Great part of the wall base is made of granite or rectangular slabs of lime stone, and both sides of the wall are laid with huge bricks. Each brick is 45 centimeters long, 20 centimeters wide and 10 centimeters thick with a weight of 15 kilograms. The bricks were cemented in with a mortar of lime mixed with tung oil and glutinous rice gruel. In order to guarantee the quality of the wall, Zhu Yuanzhang had tight control over the making of all bricks. The brick-makers and the officials were responsible for overseeing the quality. In case a brick was found not up to the standard, all of them were supposed to be punished. Therefore many parts of the wall are still in good condition.
Different from the square-shaped city walls of most ancient Chinese cities , the wall of Nanjing followed the natural topography and formed an irregular shape. By this construction, natural barriers, such as mountains, rivers, and lake were all employed to strengthen the fortification of the city. The city wall has 24 gates, among which only 13gates were the original ones from Ming time and the rest were built or added for traffic purpose later on.
Among all the gates, Zhonghua Gate is the largest. The gate was formerly called the Treasure Bowl Gate, which is connected with an interesting story popular among the local people. In the early Ming dynasty when Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang stared to build a city wall around Nanjing , everything was well done, except that this gate failed to be built after many attempts. From his prime minister, the emperor heard of a poor fisherman named Shen wanshan, who got a treasure bowl and became very rich. The imperial court dispatched people to cheat him out of the reassure bowl and buried it into the ground as the foundation of the gate. The gate was finally built up. From the time the gate was given the name Jubao in Chinese which means treasure bowl .
Covering an area of 15168 square meters, 20 meters high, the gate has 4 entrances with 4 doors. Behind the first conventional double panel wooden door, there are 3 other 23-centimeter-thick vertically sliding stone doors. The heavy stone doors are lifted and dropped with the help of a mechanical winch. If enemy troops broke through the first wooden door, they could be separated and trapped inside by the dropping of the other 3 stone doors. This strategy is known in china as “beating dogs behind bolted door.”
The fist entrance is in a three-tier building in which 27 tunnels are built. These tunnels are spacious enough to quarter more than 3000 soldiers and store large quantities of food and ammunitions. There are wide horse ramps on both sides. At the top, there used to be a rostrum allowing a commanding view. Unfortunately , the rostrum together with other parts of the wall was destroyed by the Japanese invaders in the Anti-Japanese war.
Nowadays, 21.35-kilometer city wall survives and is among the preservation list of monuments and historical sites approved by the state council . The Nanjing municipal Government plans to have part of the city wall repaired and some of the city gates renovated.
CONFUCIUS TEMPLE
The qinhuai scenic spot includes the Qinhuai River, Confucius Temple, the Examination Museum(Gong yuan), the street of local delicacies, Former Residence of Wang?s and Xie?s at Wuyi Lane, and Nanjing Oriental Art Gallery and the former residence of Li Xiangjun, etc. Most of the buildings in Confucius Temple area were rebuilt and renovated in the mid-1980s and 1990s and the area becomes a tourist site of culture and commerce. It is an ideal place for tourists to understand traditional Chinese culture as well as enjoy shopping.
The Confucius Temple sits at the south of Nanjing on the bank of the Qinhuai River. The Qinhuai River is a branch of the Yangtze River totaling 110 kilometers long. It has nurtured the city of Nanjing and added an illustrious chapter to
the local history. It finds its source in Mt.Baohua, Jurong County. When the river reaches the city, the river is divided into two streams. One goes around the city walls, which is outer Qinhuai, and was exploited as part of the city moat. The other goes into the urban area of the city through East Sluice, and goes out of the city from the west Sluice, then join the outer Qinhuai and empties into the Yangtze. This is the inner Qinhuai or the well-known Qinhuai River. Tradition has it that Qinshihuang, the emperor of the Qin Dynasty, made an inspection tour eastwards to the area, he heard “the area has an influence on the fortune of producing emperor” and was afraid that the son of the Heaven could take over his power some day in future. Therefore he ordered to cut Fangshan Hill open and break the ridge into the stream so as to do away with the influence on the fortune. Later generations thought the river was dug by the emperor , hence he name.
The Confucius Temple was first build in the Song Dynasty for people to pay worship to Confucius. It was gradually renovated and expanded to a place with a group of the Ming and Qing style buildings. The Confucius Temple people often talk about should include three great building complexes: Confucius Temple, Palace of learning and Imperial Examination Yard. The present Confucius Temple was extended on the basis of the Palace of Learning.
The natural stream of the Qinhuai River was taken as the Pan Pool of the Temple. On the southern bank of the pool is the screen wall, 110 meters long, which was built in the Ming and is the biggest still preserved in China. The Screen Wall in front of the Confucius is to show that Confucian learning is too profound to be understood completely and the common folks (ordinary people) could not see the learning inside. Another saying : The wall is the frontal project of the temple for the purpose of covering and decoration , so as to give people an impression of its grandeur and magnificence.
The Gateway of All Scholars is the first entrance to the temple. It was built in 1586 in an imitation of the Gateway in Qufu, the hometown of Confucius. The three doors of the gateway are the passage to the main temple , where the emperor and courtiers were to dismount to show respect for the great Saint. The highest central door was reserved for for the emperor when he paid worship to Confucius and organized memorial ceremony during his tour inspection . The two side doors were the passages for the princes and high courtiers, which common people and lower ranking officials were forbidden to pass.
At the eastern corner of the square in front of the temple is a three-storied building named Kuixing Pavilion (Top Star Pavilion). Kuixing means the top candidate in the imperial examination in Chinese. The pavilion was a tea house for the ancient exam candidates to make friends with tea drinking as well as pray for the good luck. Tourists coming here may best enjoy tea and the beauty of the Qinhuai River, and do the same as the ancient Scholars did. At the western corner lies the Juxing Pavilion ( or Multiple Stars). As all the men of letters or literati were regarded as the stars in the sky, this Multiple Star Pavilion was specially built for their meetings.
The first gate to the temple is Lingxing gate, which is decorated with the magnificent carvings in relief. The gate was built in 1480 and rebuilt in 1870, and the present one was restored in 1983.
Dacheng gate, or the gate of Agglomeration of Merits and virtues, is the front gate of the temple. Beyond the gate, there are four tablets. “The Tablet of Confucius Social and Moral Stand” recorde d the Confucius stand of administrating the country. Confucius proposed to the power of the ducal king of the Lu state a number of policies and methods to stabilize the country and to consolidate the ducal power after he had made investigations on the syst em of institutions in Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. “Jiqing Confucius Temple Tablet” was
erected here in 1309 , after the Yuan emperor had issued an imperial edict of “ taking education as the state administration of the empire” in 1308. “Four Saints Tablet” was erected in 1331, Yanhui, Zengshen, Kongji and mengke . “Madame Super Great Saint Tablet” was erected in 1331, together with the “Four Saints Tablet” to commemorate the wife of Confucius.
Dacheng Hall, or the Hall of Agglomeration of Confucius Merits and Virtues, was employed to enshrine and worship Confucius. In the middle of the hall is the seat of the Super great Saint Confucius, with 4 saints of Yan hui, Zeng shen, Mengke and Kongji on both sides. In addition, the tablets of 72 persons of virtue are also enshrined. Confucius is regard as a great philosopher, a great sage as well as a great educator of China.
Jiangnan Imperial Examination Center was located to the east of Confucius Temple. It was first built during the Song Dynasty in a grand scale. It was called Jiangnan Examination Center because there was Jiangnan Province in the Qing Dynasty. Chinese emperors began to select officials through imperial examination from Sui Dynasty in the 7th century. The imperial examination system opened a door for all to rise from the bottom of the society to power and fame.
Presidential Residence
The history of the place dates back to 600 years ago, and the site was the mansion of Prince of Han during the Ming dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty it became the office of the Viceroy of Jiangnan and Jiangxi . In march 1853, the Taiping peasant army conquered Nanjing and established their regime known as “the Kingdom of Heavenly peace”. Hong xiuquan , the Heavenly King of the regime, claimed the former palace and ordered it enlarged. In 1864, Zeng Guofan , the military commander of the Qing empire, attacked and cracked down the Taiping army. IN1912, Dr. Sunyat-sen was elected the provisional president of the republic, and changed the west garden of the palace into the Presidential Residence. In 1928, the palace became the administration office of the republic government. The occupation of the palace by the Plan on April 23,1949 marked the end of the KMT regime.
Opposite to the gate of the palace across the street is the Screen Wall. By the side of the wall, there is a tablet, which is engraved with an inscription of Guo Moruo?s autograph that reads “ the 100th anniversary of Taiping Uprising”. Built in 1930, the gate tower is a two-storied building with three arch-gates in an imitation of ancient Rome style. It used to be the guardroom during the period of the Republic of China.
In 1864, when the Qing Dynasty army overran the Heavenly Kingdom capital , most of its buildings were destroyed. But fortunately, the garden west of the main hall, predecessor of the present day Xuyuan Garden, survived. The palace is newly restored, including the study, throne and imperial harem. In addition, the history of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is on exhibition here.
The complex in the east of the court was the yamen of governor general of Multi-province. Yamen is the government office in feudal china. There is a newly restored Grand Hall in the yamen. Displayed in the hall are “the bearers of the imperial insignia in processions”, the imperial insignia of the Qing government official _birds for officials and beasts for warriors, former governor-generals as well as supreme commanders since the Opium War.
The presidential palace is a three-storied building .The first floor was the office of secretariat. The second floor was the president?s office, vice president?s office and the secretary-general?s office. The third floor was the State conference Hall, in which the most important meetings were held once two weeks. Attended at the meetings were
president ,vice president, chiefs of five bureaus legislation, justice, personnel evaluation, supervision and executive administration, which was regarded as the five-power constitution. In addition, 16special council members were also present at these meetings.
Xuyuan Garden was first built for Chen li as his mansion in the Ming Dynasty, some 600years ago. Later, in 1404, the succeeded emperor Zhu Di made his second son Zhu Gaoxu the prince of Han and he live in this garden, so the garden has been called Xu garden since that time. The garden is also called the west garden because it lies in the west of the presidential palace.
The west garden came into being in the late Qing Dynasty, hence was deeply stamped with the brand of Taiping heavenly Kingdom. The garden covers an area of 1.4hectares, consisting of 3 parts-a small courtyard in front of the garden, the east part with a rocky hill, and the west part a vase-like water pond.
The courtyard is a bit too small, but yet well wort h seeing because it?s the only passage to the west garden. The outer gate of the yard used to be the palace for sedan chair carriers taking the load off their shoulders for rest. On the lintel of the gate is inlaid a carved brick with two Chinese character s “Xuyuan”. On the top of the inner gate there is also a carved brick with two Chinese characters “Feihuang”. Both of the carved bricks with the characters mean “take rapid advances in one?s career”. These brick pieces are the originals left by the Governo r-general of the multi-province of the late Qing. As a works of art , a garden like literary works has its “preface, development, climax and epilogue”. Therefore, this small yard is the “preface” of the whole garden.
When tourists go out of the moon gate , they come to the main body of the west garden, of which the layout is like a painting and a piece of real art of Chinese garden, therefore gradual appreciation and artistic taste are necessary. The rockery is the fist attraction when visitors enter the main body of the garden from the yard. In a Chinese garden, a rockery hill, which is made of the rocks washed in Taihu lake, is an artistic imitation of the nature to indicate the harmony between human and the nature.
Northeast to the rockery is Tongyin Hall. Tongyin implies the connotation of bosom friend Zhiyin in Chinese pinyin. Tongyin Hall was the place for the host to entertain his intimate friends in ancient China.
The fangsheng pavilion , also called “mandarin duck pavilion”, has two roofs lined l ike two mandarin ducks sleeping with their necks together. The lake is shaped like a porcelain vase. A vase in Chinese is pronounced as “ping”, which has a number of the connotations as “peace, safety, harmony, serenity, repose, ease, or tranquility?.
The greatest attraction in the lake is a marble boat called unmoored boat –a miniature of the famous one in Beijing?s summer palace. As the boat is made of marble in water, there is no need to moor it, hence the name “unmoored boat”. Opposite to the boat, ac ross the lake, lies the pavilion of ripples, which is a complex of architectures of Chinese ancient style, including terrace, pavilion and bridge. And the palace is wonderful for people to enjoy the scenery of full moon as well as the pleasant music on the evening of traditional Chinese Mid-autumn festival.
There are several interesting buildings worth lingering a while, for example , the sunset Pavilion with a three-piece tablet of Eastern Wu Emperor Sun Hao?s writing, the Outlook Pavilion with a tablet of Chinese painting and carving, the imperial tablet pavilion with the handwriting of emperor Qianlong. Nevertheless, what the visitors long to visit most is undoubtedly the office of Dr. Sunyatsen. When Dr.Sun Yatsen was elected provisional president of the Republic of china in 1912 after the 1911 revolution , he had a western style office building put up near the garden where he held important meetings and met friends. At present, the building is preserved and has been converted
into an exhibition hall of Dr. Sun?s office work and daily life.
In the eastern bank of the lake, a number of pavilions and arbors are to be found. The whole garden is surrounded by the delicately decorated wall, on the top of which is carved with a curling dragon running along the top. The eastern wall of the garden has a long corridor with colorful beams. Murals and steles with inscriptions by famous calligraphers and carvers can be seen every where . the ingenuity, originality, details , subtlety, and craftsmanship are all reflected in this tiny yet creatively designed garden.
南京旅游概况导游词 各位游客： 大家好！ 南京市地处中国长江下游的宁镇丘陵地区，东望大海，西达 荆楚，南接皖浙，北联江淮，总面积6597平方公里。南京属北亚 热带季风气候区，四季分明，年平均气温16℃，年平均降雨量1106毫米。南京现辖XX个区（玄武、白下、秦淮、建邺、鼓楼、下关、江宁、浦口、六合、栖霞、雨花台）2个县（高淳、溧水），总人口约530万人。 南京是中国七大古都之一。东郊汤山猿人头骨的出土，表明 35万年以前，就有了南京猿人的足迹。自公元229年东吴建都南 京始，南京曾十次成为京都，留下了丰富的历史文化遗产。 南京地理区位优越，物产资源丰富，地处长江“金三角”地区，是中国区域经济中的重要城市。南京对外交通四通八达，形 成了航空、高速公路、铁路、长江航运的立体交通体系和网路。 南京，山环水抱，葱笼毓秀，山水城林融为一体，自然风貌 久负盛名。自然界厚赐于南京龙蟠虎踞的山川形胜，历史在此又 遗存下灿烂的文化。孙中山先生曾有名言概括南京之美：“此地 有高山，有平原，有深水，在世界三大城市中亦诚难觅此佳境”。位于城东紫金山麓的中山陵、明孝陵，掩映在绿色葱葱的紫金山
中，布局宏伟。太平天国遗址，殿阙巍峨。数十处南朝陵墓刻， 硕大洗炼，堪称一代巨制，国之瑰宝。栖霞寺内舍利塔，造型雄健，比例匀称，装饰华丽，是我国现存石塔中不可多得的佳品。 总统府、雨花台烈士陵园、日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆、梅 园新村纪念馆、渡江胜利纪念碑是我国民主革命的历史见证。玄 武湖，三面环水，一面临城，秀峰塔影，碧波荡漾，堪称“金陵 明珠”。莫愁湖，蕴含动人凄丽的传说，湖光倩影，花团锦蔟， 典雅、幽秀而豁达、奔放。 独具南京特色被誉为中国织锦工艺“活化石”的云锦及“国 之瑰宝”的雨花石，成为南京旅游商品的代表。美味的秦淮风味 小吃及盐水鸭，享誉中外。今天的南京，既是现代文明的经济都会，更是虎踞龙盘的秀山丽水，城桓殿阙，街巷格局，园林苑囿，绿地广场。共同构筑起一幅山水城林融为一体的多彩画卷，展现 出“绿色古都，文化之城”的独特魅力。 各位游客： 大家好！ 各位游客，您们好！欢迎各位亲莅国防园参观游览。 南京国防园始建于一九九二年八月，总占地300亩。现在大 家看到门楼上五个镀金大字是在建园前专门为公园题写的园名。 国防园的所在地，远在公元前333年楚威王修建的金陵邑城堡；其后，东吴孙权鉴于石头山地势险要，为扼守建康门户，于 公元212年在金陵邑旧址上筑石头城，建烽火台；东晋义熙年间，
介绍南京导游词 导读：南京导游词800 字南京以“博爱之都”闻名海内外，是江苏省的省会城市，全省政治、经济和文化中心。全市面积6598平方公里，常住人口为800 万人，下辖11区2 县。 南京位于长江下游的中心地带，主要是丘陵盆地地形，城区附近东有紫金山，西有清凉山，南有牛首山，北有栖霞山。紫金山由东向西延伸，从南京城中横穿而过，使南京城南城北形成了两条水系，南为秦淮河，北为金川河。除此之外，还有玄武湖和莫愁湖宛如两颗璀璨的明珠镶嵌在南京的城东和城西。山与水的交织，共同造就了地形险要，山水壮丽的南京城。 由于南京城山环水绕，自古就是兵家必争之地。公元前472 年，越王勾践命范蠡最早在此建城，也就有了南京的第一个名字“越城”。从越城算起，南京的建城史已有近2500 年。古城南京具有深厚历史文化底蕴，位列我国四大古都之一，在此定都的朝代有：东吴、东晋、南朝时的宋、齐、梁、陈、以及后来的南唐、明初、太平天国和中华民国，故而南京又被称作“六朝古都”、“十朝都会”。历朝历代为南京留下了许多名字，如：金陵、秣陵、建邺、建康、蒋州、江宁、昇州、集庆、应天、天京等，有些名字作为南京的地名沿用至今。南京的得名来源于明朝初年，当时的南京叫应天府，朱元璋曾经打算把都城迁到开封，将开封命名为北京，应天府称南京，后来国都虽然没有迁成，但是南京的名称却一直保留下来。 中国的近代史从南京开始，也在南京结束。1842 年，清政府在南京下关的江面上与英国侵略者签订了中国近代史上第一个不平等条约——《南京
条约》。1949 年，中国人民解放军解放南京，标志着中国进入了社会主义的全新时代。 今日南京铁路、公路、航空、水运、管道等运输方式齐全，是华东地区重要的交通枢纽。南京禄口国际机场已开通覆盖国内45 个城市以及韩国、日本、泰国、新加坡等地在内的国内外航线。南京港地处长江下游黄金水道，目前通航五大洲近50 个国家和地区。近年来，南京市实施了规模空前的城市建设，南京第二长江大桥、南京第三长江大桥、玄武湖隧道、九华山隧道、赛虹桥立交桥、华东最大的双桥门五层立交等均已建成通车，大大提高了城市的交通能力，进一步优化了南京的投资环境。 南京是我省惟一跨江发展的城市，在我省沿海、沿江、沿线开放格局中处于枢纽位置，是中国东部地区重要的综合性工业基地和全国六大通讯枢纽之一。目前已形成了以“电子、石化、钢铁、汽车”四大支柱产业。 近年来，南京外向型经济成果显著，产业结构不断优化，第三产业占国内生产总值比重明显增加。金陵石化、南汽集团、熊猫电子等著名企业实力雄厚、产品畅销国内外，苏宁集团已经成长成为中国零售企业和民营企业的龙头老大，在业内具有较高的知名度。同时，南 京还是全国高等教育和科研重镇，科教实力雄厚，综合实力仅次于北京、上海。教育、科技的发达，为南京城市经济的持续发展奠定了坚实的基础。 南京城市品牌众多，多次被评为全国十佳卫生城市、全国城市环境综合整治十佳城市、全国园林城市、中国优秀旅游城市、环保模范城市等称号。南京的绿化水平全国闻名，森林覆盖率达到23%，森林与城市绿地在改
导游词南京3篇 导游词南京3篇 导游词南京一： 各位游客，现在我们将要游览的历史遗迹--南京长江路292号建筑群，就是著名的总统府。自明初以来，这里多有更迭，历经明、清、太平天国和中华民-国等时代。在明代，这里是汉王府;清代设两江总督衙门于此，是清政府统治东南地区的中心。乾隆时期，这里曾为南巡行宫;太平天国时改为天朝宫殿;清朝后期，曾国藩沿袭咸丰三年前的旧督署规模及布局进行改建，仍为两江总督府。1912年，孙中山就任临时大总统，总统府就设在这里的西花园;1928年，这里又成了国民政府所在地;1948年5月，蒋介石在此就任总统。 各位下车后，请向南看，马路对面是一面钢筋水泥建成的总统府照壁，壁前有一汉白玉石碑，碑上道劲有力的行书太平天国起义百年纪念碑是郭沫若先生所题。这是1951年为纪念太平天国广西金田村起义100周年而立的，纪念碑两侧为高大的雪松。大家对总统府大门都不陌生，在许多历史纪录片中都见过。这座西洋古典式大门建于1929年。原先，门是木结构传统衙署前的辕门，后嫌其气势不足而改建。门楼仿古罗马风格，有八根圆柱。这是一座两层半的建筑，一楼为门房、卫士室，二楼为卫兵宿舍，楼顶为升旗平台。1948前，门前正中悬挂国民政府大字横匾。1948年后改用木制包金箔的总统府三个大字，1949年人民解放军攻占南京后被摘下。 进入大门，两侧是类似朝房式的办公室，中间为一个花草繁茂的院落。大门正对面是大堂，也就是我们说的太平天国天王府金龙殿旧
址。天朝时这里是真神金龙殿，又称荣光大殿。当年，大殿梁栋涂金，饰以龙凤，四壁彩绘，极其富丽堂皇，是洪秀全大朝之地，曾国荃攻陷天京，大肆掠夺后，火烧天王府，但此殿却奇迹般地保全下来。后曾国荃下令揭去红黄墙瓦，剥去泥金盘龙和木雕，将其翻盖为两江总督署的大堂。 民-国时，这敞开的大堂是举行重大礼仪活动的场所。大堂内正梁上悬挂孙中山手书的天下为公红底黑字匾。穿过大堂可见一红柱长廊直通庭院深处。西边为原总统府礼堂，是民-国时重大典礼的活动场所。如1948年蒋介石、李宗仁就任总统副总统的就职大典;外国使臣递交国书;召开重要会议;举行国宴等都在这里举行。东边为清两江总督署史料展馆，馆名由著名清史专家戴逸先生题写。两江指江南省和江西省，江南省辖今天的江苏、安徽南部的上海。在清朝，总督是地方最高长官，通常兼兵部尚书衔和右都御史衔，文官从一品，其职为厘治军民，察举官吏，修饬封疆。两江总督始于康熙四年，管辖范围仅次于直隶。这里看到的两江总督署大堂是根据史料模拟陈设的。大堂为商讨军机和拜祀的地方。正中上方悬挂乾隆御赐当时两江总督尹继善的惠洽两江额匾。两侧放置总督职衔牌，公案旁有两把杏黄伞，这是封疆大臣出行仪仗中必不可少的。公案后屏风为朝阳、仙鹤和海潮图案。大堂两旁有一对联： 虽贤哲难免过差愿诸君谠忠言常攻吾短;凡堂属略同师弟使友行修名立方尽我心，为当时任两江总督的曾国藩所撰写。 其意为： 就连圣贤人也有差错失误、我愿下属你们常针对我的不足提意见;我希望下属如师弟个个功成名遂，我方安心。两旁耳房，分文左武
南京夫子庙的导游词 南京夫子庙，即南京孔庙、南京文庙，位于南京市秦淮区秦淮河北岸贡院街，下面是带来的南京夫子庙导游词，仅。 篇一：南京夫子庙导游词 各位朋友，大家好!欢迎光临南京夫子庙。夫子庙地处城南秦淮河畔，地理位置优越，交通十分方便，是南京人引以为自豪的历史遗迹和旅游景点，是新兴的文化、商业、游览中心和庙市合一的繁华之地。 夫子庙，又叫孔庙、文庙，是祭祀我国著名的大教育家、思想家孔子的地方。孔子在古代被人们尊称为孔夫子，故其庙宇俗称“夫子庙”。由于儒学的正统地位，它的创始人孔子备受封建社会历朝历代的和士子们的尊崇，祀奉他的孔庙遍布全国各地，有的地方还不只一个。夫子庙作为封建士子崇拜的场所，大多与教育设施(如学宫、贡院等)布置在一起，即所谓的庙附于学，一般是在学宫的前面或一侧。 历史上，南京城区的夫子庙曾有三处，一处在今市政府大院内，另一处在朝。现在我们要参观、游览的，是第三处，也是最有名气的一处。它是宋景佑元年(1034年)从朝迁来的，初为建康府学，元为集庆路学，明初为国学，后为应天府学，清迁出府学，改为江宁、上元两县学。咸丰年间毁于兵火，同治年间(1869年)重建，抗战中为日军焚毁。现存夫子庙为80年代初重建。它采用前庙后学，孔庙在前，
学宫在后，后来设立的贡院被布置在学宫的左侧。因此，南京夫子庙比较完整的格局包括三部分，即孔庙、学宫、贡院。以大成殿为中心的南北中轴线及两侧的主要建筑和以明远楼为中心的江南贡院陈列馆成为夫子庙地区最主要的旅游观光点。 夫子庙地区由于悠久的历史、方便的水上交通，使其在夫子庙出现之前，就已成为古代南京比较有名的“佳丽地”和名士聚居地，因此除了以上所述主要景点外，还有吴敬梓故居、古桃叶渡、萃苑、百年老店一条街、文德桥、王谢故居、乌衣巷、媚香楼等景点。 现在我们已站在夫子庙中轴线的起点部分—夫子庙广场。环顾四周，南有泮池、照壁、木坊，东西两侧有聚星亭、魁光阁及商业区，北有中轴线上主要建筑大成殿和分布于孔庙东西两侧的东、西二市，形成了夫子庙地区区别于其他城市孔庙的独特氛围，即历史上形成的庙市合一的格局。 请看广场前的这一条河，它叫秦淮河，是南京人民的母亲河，全长110公里，孕育了早期的南京文明。流经广场的这一段是内秦淮河的一部分，建庙时被改造为泮池，因曲阜孔庙泮水流过而得名。南岸的一堵红墙，是建于明万历(1575年)年间的大照壁，长达110米，气势磅礴，为全国照壁之最。照壁起遮蔽和装饰作用，是整个夫子庙建筑群的开始。泮池北岸石栏则为明正德(15xx年)年间所建，是历经了沧桑变迁之后，成为夫子庙建筑群中唯一保存最好的古代建筑小品，抗战前曾加以修整。游人至此，凭栏小憩，观览秦淮秀色，心旷神怡。 泮池西侧的文德桥现为汉白玉桥。因儒家提倡文章道德而得名。
( 江苏导游词) 姓名：____________________ 单位：____________________ 日期：____________________ 编号：YB-BH-036624 南京概况导游词精选Selection of tour guide words
南京概况导游词精选 南京的导游词 各位游客大家好!孔子曰：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”，首先请允许我代表南京中华旅行社对大家来南京旅游观光表示热烈欢迎。我姓王，是本团导游。能为大家做导游是我的荣幸，我和司机王师傅一定为大家服务，尽力满足大家的要求，帮助大家解决问题和困难，使大家乘兴而来，满意而归。希望通过我的介绍，让古老而又美丽的南京给大家留下一个难忘的印象。在此我祝大家旅途愉快! 现在我将南京向大家做一个简单的介绍。南京简称宁，位于江苏省西南部，处于长江下游黄金地带，地跨长江两岸。人杰地灵，物华天宝，南京市面积约6597平方公里，人口近800多万，下辖11个区2个郊县，是全省政治、经济、文化的中心。气候属亚热带气候，四季分明，是一处十分理想的旅游胜地。 南京历史悠久，是我国着明的四大古都之一。素有“江南佳丽地，金陵帝王州”之誉。自公元前472年越王勾践建“越城”开始，已2400多年的建城史。历史上正式建都于南京是从东吴孙权开始的，以后东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈都先后在此建都。因此南京有“六朝古都”之称。此后南唐、太平军天国、中华民国也在此建都，所以南京又有“十朝都会”之说。 在改革开放的今天，南京的经济在腾飞，南京旅游业在大力发展，南京已成
为我国东部地区的综合性工业基地，支柱产业有：电子业、汽车业、石化业、钢铁业、电力业。南京正在加大城市的基础建设，提高南京外商投资的硬环境。南京又是国家级园林城市、全国优秀旅游城市、全国卫生城市等。南京有旅游景点两百多处，吸引着众多国内外的游客。南京的城市特点是集：“人文、绿都”为一体。因此，南京将成为经济发展更具活力、文化特色更加鲜明、人居环境更为优美、社会更加和谐的现代化国际性人文绿都。 南京概况导游词精选 各位游客：大家好，首先我代表我们中华旅行社全体员工对大家来到我们南京光观游览表示热忱的欢迎,在这我先自我介绍一下，我姓王，大家在接下来的行程当中称呼我小王或者王导就可以了。我会本着宾客至上，服务第一的宗旨为大家尽心尽力的去做好服务工作，同时呢，也希望我的工作能够得到各位的配合与支持，从而促进我们服务质量的提高，使大家能够玩的愉快，走的顺利。 南京风景秀丽，历史悠久，美好山水正期待您的领略，秀丽风光正等待您的欣赏。愿此次的南京之旅能够成为您的度假天堂。在这里预祝各位在接下来的行程当中玩的开心，玩的顺利。称心而来，满意而归。 南京简称“宁”，地处富饶的长江三角洲，北切辽阔的江淮平原，他是江苏省的省会，全省的经济、政治，文化中心，同时也是长三角地区的中心城市之一及长江流域的中心城市之一。南京面积6598平方公里，人口近800万，气候属于北亚热带季风气候区，所以气候温和湿润，雨量充沛，四季分明。南京是三面环山，一面临水，依钟山而扼长江，山环水绕，地势险要，历来为兵家必争之地。素有“钟山龙盘，石城虎踞”之称。 南京的历史也是非常悠久，是我国着名的四大古都之一，素有“江南佳丽地，
南京导游词 本文是关于演讲稿的南京导游词，感谢您的阅读！ 篇一：南京导游词 各位游客：下面我们将要参观游览的景点是中山陵。中山陵是中国伟大的民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓，位于南京市东郊紫金山第二峰小茅山南坡。中山陵坐北朝南，前临平川，背靠青山，其建筑采用依山为陵的形式，墓室建在海拔158米的山顶最高处，比独龙岗明孝陵所处的位置高出90多米；从牌坊到墓道，高差70多米，平面距离700多米，显得十分雄伟壮丽。 【孙中山生平—安葬紫金山的夙愿—陵墓设计者吕彦直】 各位游客：在到达中山陵之前，先向大家简要地介绍一下孙中山先生的生平。孙中山，姓孙名文，字逸仙，在日本从事革命活动时曾化名“中山樵”。他于1866年11月12日生于广东省香山县翠亨村（现已改为中山市），是中国辛亥革命的领袖。孙中山早年曾求学海外，1892年毕业于香港西医学院，曾一度行医。20世纪初年的中国，灾难深重，清政府与帝国主义列强签订了丧权辱国的《辛丑条约》，使中国完全陷入半殖民地半封建社会的苦难深渊。目睹清政府的腐败，孙中山毅然放弃行医，投身革命，于1905年8月和一批资产阶级革命的知识分子，在日本东京组织成立了中国近代史上第一个带有资产阶级政党性质的组织“中国同盟会”，提出了“民族、民生、民权”即“三民主义”的革命纲领。从1907年到1911年10月前，同盟会在我国华南地区不断发动武装起义，特别是在1911年4月27日发动了广州起义。广州起义虽然最终遭到失败，但为同年10月10日的武昌起义取得胜利奠定了基础。从此各省纷纷响应，推翻了 2000多年的中国封建帝制，这就是中国近代史上影响深刻、意义深远的一次伟大革命——辛亥革命。 1911年12月29日，在中央临时政府会议上，大家一致推举孙中山为中华民国临时大总统，商议成立中国临时政府并定都南京，确定1912年为民国元年。1912年1月l日，孙中山从上海到南京就任临时大总统。但因袁世凯的扶持和革命党人的妥协，1912年4月1日，孙中山正式辞去临时大总统职，袁世凯窃取了革命果实，并定都北京。革命虽然受到挫折，但是孙中山先生没有气馁，继续展开了护法运动、护国运动、讨袁运动。1924年1月同中国共产党进行了第
南京老门东导游词3篇【可编辑版】南京老门东导游词3篇 南京老门东导游词3篇 老门东位于南京市秦淮区中华门以东，因地处聚宝门以东，故称门东，于老门西相对。下面是带来的南京老门东导游词，仅供大家参考。 篇一:南京老门东导游词 南京老门东历史文化街区在国庆前开放了，虽然还在建设之中，但箍桶巷一带已初具规模。与夫子庙相比，这里保留了更多的明清风貌和特色。还有金陵首富蒋百万和中国第一个女状元傅善祥的故居，以及金陵美术馆和城南博物馆，人文氛围相当浓郁。街上的小吃店已陆续开张了，蒋有记锅贴、蓝老大糖粥藕、徐家鸭子、鸡鸣汤包等都是老字号。不仅口味正宗，价格合理，就餐环境也很优雅。我和老伴点了一笼鸡汁汤包和一碗馄炖，总共才花了19块钱。与上次在夫子庙吃一碗鸭血粉丝汤就要花88块钱相比，心里自然要踏实得多。 老门东是指中华门以东的一片街区，自古以来这里一直是闹市区，但后来南京城向北扩展了，特别是民国时期的政府机构和高校又都集中在城北，城南一代就渐渐地冷落下来。住的大多是平民百姓，被统称为老城南人，说的也是一口地地道道的南京方言。南京历来是个文化交融的城市，所以南京人没有什么排外思想，也不歧视外地人。相反是外地来的人反而会歧视老南京人，就连儿女找对象时都要叮嘱一句，千万不要找小市民家的，这个小市民主要就是指城南一带的人。这让城南人很是不爽，但也很无奈，毕竟地位不如人啊。改革开放后这里的改造呼声不绝，但专家又倾向于保护，矛盾一度很大。但这次的改造非常成功，不仅面貌一新，还带来了蓬勃的商机和活力，形成了一种可持续发展的态势，也必将对城市文化的特色起到彰显的作用。
秦淮区过去是最小最穷的一个城区，中华门一带又全是老民宅， 还有城墙围着，相当于一个死角。但也因此保留了很多文化的遗存，现在反而成了一个有着巨大开发潜力的富矿。等金陵书画院等设施完全建成后，南京文化中心的南移也不是没有可能的。加之前不久城区合并后，白下区已经被并过来了，连新街口都属于秦淮区的地盘。这真是塞翁失马焉知非福，世事难料啊。 如果要提建议的话，我倒是希望这里多些市井气息，就是要生活化，不能把居民都赶走，搞成一个单纯的景观区，还是要多盖些院落，可租可售。就比如像我这样的闲人，如能在此处租一间僻静的小屋住上一阵，每日起来洒扫庭院，再沏上一壶茶准备招待客人，并顺便代售一些字画，岂不是一桩美事。 希望我的美梦成真，也欢迎各位好友早日光临。 篇二:南京老门东游记 老门东，你去了吗?今天我去了老门东。她位于南京市秦淮区老城南地区，以箍桶巷为中轴线，辅三条营中营、边营等为副。 起初，我还很好奇，老门东，很老吗? 到了门口，知道了，三条营里有蒋寿山、傅善祥故居。蒋寿山又名蒋士权，回族，是晚清时南京富商。传说他是以赶毛驴发家的，人称蒋驴子。他在南京有多处房地产，现知有三处:一处位于太平巷口，今太平商场新大楼处。还有一处就在城南门东的三条营。傅善祥，清末金陵人。出生于书香世家，自幼聪慧过人，喜读经史。太平天国时期第一位女状元。箍桶巷原是江南首富沈万三家的箍桶匠聚集此巷而得名，沈万三元末明初人。江南首富，据传他家有一个聚宝盆。看来是够老的了! 一见箍桶巷，我看到箍桶巷的巷口有一种奇妙的艳紫色的小花， 清新别致。而面前的远近堂呢，门口有一座慈眉善目的观音，堂里有各种各样的玉器饰品很是古老。更是希奇的是挨着堂边的一个特别醒目的大箍桶，桶里居然
南京概况导游词范本 引导语：南京是一座地理位置优越，地形独特的城市。它三面环山，一面临水，依钟山而扼长江。下面是小编带来的南京概况导游词范本，仅供参考。 南京概况导游词一： 游客：你们好!欢迎各位到华东线的第一站南京参观旅游。初来乍到，大家一定很想了解这座城市。下面请允许我向各位介绍一下。南京，简称宁，地处富饶的长江三角洲，北接辽阔的江淮平原，是江苏省的省会。全市面积为6597平方公里，辖4县11区，人口545万。其中市区面积约881平方千米，人口270多万，为中国十大城市之一。 南京是一座地理位置优越，地形独特的城市。它三面环山，一面临水，依钟山而扼长江。东面和南面是以紫金山(又叫钟山)为主体的宁镇山脉为屏障，紫金山之西有富贵山、五台山及石头山(清凉山)等。西北面的长江奔流而过。城内外多低丘,广州出发欧美专线，河湖相连，可谓山环水绕，地势险要，历来为兵家必争之地，素有“钟山龙蟠，石城虎踞”之称。 南京又是一座历史悠久的文化名城，我国七大古都之一，建城已有2400多年。最早的城池为越城，是越王勾践灭吴以后，于公元前
472年所建的。约公元前356年，楚国灭越，楚威王在石头山上筑城。传说楚威王看到南京地理情势险要，怕往后有人在此称王，就在狮子山北边的江边埋下黄金，以弹压王气，称为“金陵”，从此南京又有了“金陵”之称。三国时的东吴，两晋时的东晋，南北朝时的宋、齐、梁、陈前后在南京建都，这就是“六朝古都”。后来，五代时的南唐、明初、太平天国和中华民国也定都南京，这又使南京成了“十朝都会”。 南京曾有许多名称，历史上流传下来的有金陵、建业、建康、秫陵、白下、升州、江宁、集庆、应天、天京等，像金陵、建康至今仍被用作南京的代称。至于南京的得名源于明代初年，明太祖朱元津于1368年定都南京，当时南京叫应天府。朱元漳曾打算把都城迁到开封，将开封命名为北京，应天府称为南京，后来国都虽未迁成，但“南京”一位就沿袭下来了。 游客们：南京的历史就介绍到这里，下面向大家讲讲南京的气候。由于南京地处长江下游，亚热带向暖温带过渡的气候带中，每当夏季来临，高空遭到副热带高压的影响，气流不断下沉，气温逐步上升。骄阳似火，每天地面最高温度平均值可达50”C以上，发烫的大地成了这座城市的热源。加上南京独特的地势，它处于长江沿岸的河谷当中，海拔较低，起伏的山峦，犹如天然屏障，挡住了空气的活动，禁止热量向外发散;来自海洋上的湿润东风和熏风被东郊紫金山和东南一带山体遮挡，使南京始终处于酷热的高温控制下。所以南京的盛夏酷热难熬，素有“火炉”之称。但是今天我们看到的南京城，绿树成荫，特别是东郊的中山陵景区，更是树木葱宪，平均每一个人占有
介绍南京导游词800字 南京，江苏省省会。历史上曾有很多事情发生在南京古城。小编为大家收集整理了南京导游词，欢迎阅读! 南京导游词800字南京以“博爱之都”闻名海内外，是江苏省的省会城市，全省政治、经济和文化中心。全市面积6598平方公里，常住人口为800万人，下辖11区2县。 南京位于长江下游的中心地带，主要是丘陵盆地地形，城区附近东有紫金山，西有清凉山，南有牛首山，北有栖霞山。紫金山由东向西延伸，从南京城中横穿而过，使南京城南城北形成了两条水系，南为秦淮河，北为金川河。除此之外，还有玄武湖和莫愁湖宛如两颗璀璨的明珠镶嵌在南京的城东和城西。山与水的交织，共同造就了地形险要，山水壮丽的南京城。 由于南京城山环水绕，自古就是兵家必争之地。公元前472年，越王勾践命范蠡最早在此建城，也就有了南京的第一个名字“越城”。从越城算起，南京的建城史已有近2500年。古城南京具有深厚历史文化底蕴，位列我国四大古都之一，在此定都的朝代有：东吴、东晋、南朝时的宋、齐、梁、陈、以及后来的南唐、明初、太平天国和中华民国，故而南京又被称作“六朝古都”、“十朝都会”。历朝历代为南京留下了许多名字，如：金陵、秣陵、建邺、建康、蒋州、江宁、昇州、集庆、应天、天京等，有些名字作为南京的地名沿用至今。南京的得名来源于明朝初年，当时的南京叫应天府，朱元璋曾经打算把都城迁到开封，将开封命名为北京，应天府称南京，后来国都虽然没有迁成，但是南京的名称却一直保留下来。 中国的近代史从南京开始，也在南京结束。1842年，清政府在南京下关的江面上与英国侵略者签订了中国近代史上第一个不平等条约——《南京条约》。1949年，中国人民解放军解放南京，标志着中国进入了社会主义的全新时代。 狂日南京铁路、公路、航空、水运、管道等运输方式齐全，是华东地区重要的交通枢纽。南京禄口国际机场已开通覆盖国内45个城市以及韩国、日本、泰国、新加坡等地在内的国内外航线。南京港地处长江下游黄金水道，目前通航五大洲近50个国家和地区。近年来，南京市实施了规模空前的城市建设，南京第二长江大桥、南京第三长江大桥、玄武湖隧道、九华山隧道、赛虹桥立交桥、华
南京景点导游词 导读：南京景点导游词【1】 尊敬的各位游客，大家好!我是“新世纪”旅行社的导游王子阳，欢迎大家跟随我来参观中山陵。 中山陵位于浩荡的大江之滨，坐落在我国著名的古都——南京，在源远流长的中国历史发展长河中，有10个朝代和政权先后在此建都，许多叱咤风云的著名人物长眠在这里，伟大的革命先驱孙中山先生的陵墓就位于南京东郊的钟山南麓。钟山是宁镇山脉的最高峰，海拔约460米，东西走向，长约7千米，南北宽度约3千米。千百年来，这里进行过种种社会活动，建成了许多园林、第宅、寺塔、坛台和陵墓，留下了无数可歌可泣的史实和动人的传说。 1925年3月12日，孙中山因患肝癌医治无效与北京逝世，临终前一再表示，愿其遗体如友人列宁一样得以保存，归葬南京紫金山，根据他的遗愿，xxx中央执行委员会一致决定在南京紫金山建陵，陵园的设计方案是通过竞争入选的，采取了密封评议的方式，最后，评出首奖是中国设计师吕彦昌设计的钟形图案，钟有“示警”和“自由”的含义，它象征着孙中山领导中国革命的意义和贡献，同时又与陵墓所在地钟山相吻合，在具体设计上，采取了中西合璧的手法和技术，汲取了中国古代传统建筑中的经验，采用了中轴对称的总平面布局，民族形式的建筑外观，淳朴的色调，简洁的装修和大面积绿化等方法，很好的表现了陵园的庄严气氛和和孙中山先生的不朽精神。中山陵于
1926年春动工兴建，中间由于军阀割据，政局混乱，工程进展缓慢，至1929年3月方才竣工，1929年6月1日举行了盛大隆重的奉安大点，全国各地都沉浸在悲哀之中，孙中山先生的灵柩于12时，在101响礼炮声中，葬入墓穴，一代伟人就此安息在钟山南麓。 陵墓的入口位于最南端，是一座三间三楼琉璃瓦顶的石牌坊，在明间的檐下，悬挂着孙中山先生的手术“博爱”横匾一方，继续向里，沿着墓道，便到大陵门，陵门高15米，宽24米，深8米，气势非凡，正中拱门楣上镌刻着中山先生亲笔书写的“天下为公”几个金光大字，循陵门后至石阶及至碑亭，亭内在龟趺上立8米高的石碑一座，上刻镶金楷书“中国xxx葬总理孙先生于此，中华民国十八年六月一日”。自碑亭再往北，跨过290级的台阶便登上了宽135米，深30米的大平台，平台是全陵的制高点，这里视野开阔，气象万千，既便近观，又宜远眺，无论春夏秋冬，风霜雨雪，大自然都向人们展示其周围变幻无穷的奇妙景色。平台中央，便是祭殿，祭堂正面明间的双眼连接处刻有中山先生的手术“天地正气”，三个圆券门上方，镌刻着“民族”“民权”“民生”六字，呈内有12根黑色花岗石圆柱，护壁为黑色大理石，左右壁上刻有中山先生的《国民政府建国大纲》全文，堂中央偏北处，置有这位伟大的革命家的白色大理石像一尊，雕像端坐平视，神态安详，栩栩如生。 巍巍中山陵，巍巍的气势衬托了孙中山先生的伟大品格，不朽精神，也可以所，它是孙中山品格与精神的象征，在中山陵肃穆的氛围
2020 江苏导游词南京老门东景点旅游导游词_041文档 EDUCATION WORD
江苏导游词南京老门东景点旅游导游词_041文档前言语料：温馨提醒，教育，就是实现上述社会功能的最重要的一个独立出来的过程。其目的，就是把之前无数个人有价值的观察、体验、思考中的精华，以浓缩、 系统化、易于理解记忆掌握的方式，传递给当下的无数个人，让个人从中获益，丰 富自己的人生体验，也支撑整个社会的运作和发展。 本文内容如下：【下载该文档后使用Word打开】 老门东是南京的旅游景区，很多游客都会去参观，导游也要给游客介绍好老门东的景点历史。下面是小编带来的南京老门东导游词，仅供大家参考。 南京老门东历史文化街区在国庆前开放了，虽然还在建设之中，但箍桶巷一带已初具规模。与夫子庙相比，这里保留了更多的明清风貌和特色。还有金陵首富蒋百万和中国第一个女状元傅善祥的故居，以及金陵美术馆和城南博物馆，人文氛围相当浓郁。街上的小吃店已陆续开张了，蒋有记锅贴、蓝老大糖粥藕、徐家鸭子、鸡鸣汤包等都是老字号。不仅口味正宗，价格合理，就餐环境也很优雅。我和老伴点了一笼鸡汁汤包和一碗馄炖，总共才花了19块钱。与上次在夫子庙吃一碗鸭血粉丝汤就要花88块钱相比，心里自然要踏实得多。 老门东是指中华门以东的一片街区，自古以来这里一直是闹
市区，但后来南京城向北扩展了，特别是民国时期的政府机构和高校又都集中在城北，城南一代就渐渐地冷落下来。住的大多是平民百姓，被统称为老城南人，说的也是一口地地道道的南京方言。南京历来是个文化交融的城市，所以南京人没有什么排外思想，也不歧视外地人。相反是外地来的人反而会歧视老南京人，就连儿女找对象时都要叮嘱一句，千万不要找小市民家的，这个小市民主要就是指城南一带的人。这让城南人很是不爽，但也很无奈，毕竟地位不如人啊。改革开放后这里的改造呼声不绝，但专家又倾向于保护，矛盾一度很大。但这次的改造非常成功，不仅面貌一新，还带来了蓬勃的商机和活力，形成了一种可持续发展的态势，也必将对城市文化的特色起到彰显的作用。 秦淮区过去是最小最穷的一个城区，中华门一带又全是老民宅，还有城墙围着，相当于一个死角。但也因此保留了很多文化的遗存，现在反而成了一个有着巨大开发潜力的富矿。等金陵书画院等设施完全建成后，南京文化中心的南移也不是没有可能的。加之前不久城区合并后，白下区已经被并过来了，连新街口都属于秦淮区的地盘。这真是塞翁失马焉知非福，世事难料啊。 如果要提建议的话，我倒是希望这里多些市井气息，就是要生活化，不能把居民都赶走，搞成一个单纯的景观区，还是要多盖些院落，可租可售。就比如像我这样的闲人，如能在此处租一间僻静的小屋住上一阵，每日起来洒扫庭院，再沏上一壶茶准备招待客人，并顺便代售一些字画，岂不是一桩美事。 希望我的美梦成真，也欢迎各位好友早日光临。
关于南京导游词开场白5篇 导游词是导游人员引导游客观光游览时的讲解词，是导游员同游客交流思想，向游客传播文化知识的工具，也是应用写作研究的文体之一。下面是小编搜集的关于南京导游词开场白5篇，希望对你有所帮助。 尊敬的各位游客： 大家好! 南京市紫金山位于南京东区，是南京市最大最广的山区，主峰海拔高448.9米，整体 气势磅礴，恢弘壮观。主要的景点有中山陵、梅花山、明孝陵、紫金天文台、廖仲恺何香 凝墓、灵谷寺、邓演达墓等等。1926年在南坡建有孙中山陵墓。其西侧有明孝陵，东侧 有灵谷寺等名胜。西边的天堡山海拔250公尺，建有紫金山天文台。 紫金山山势险峻、蜿蜒如龙，早在三国与汉朝，即负盛名。钟山周围名胜古迹甚多： 其山南有紫霞洞，一人泉;山前正中有中山陵;西有梅花山，明孝陵，廖仲恺和何香凝墓;东 有灵谷公园，邓演达墓;山北有明代徐达、常遇春、李文忠等陵墓。在六朝时代，山上的庙宇很多，现仅存灵谷寺一处，位于山左。 中山陵 位于钟山中茅峰南麓，是伟大的民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓。陵墓于1926年 1月动工，1929年春主体建筑竣工，同年6月1日举行奉安大典。此后工程继续进行， 直至1931年底全部完成。中山陵占地两千亩，依山而筑，前临平川，后拥青嶂，气势磅礴，平面呈“自由钟”形。 陵寝建筑中轴对称，从牌坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭到祭堂、墓室平距700米，高差70米，有392级石阶和平台10个，全部用白色花岗岩和钢筋水泥构筑，覆以蓝色玻璃瓦。 陵墓附近尚有音乐台、行健亭、光化亭、流徽榭、藏经楼等多处纪念性建筑。 明孝陵 坐落在钟山南麓独龙阜玩珠峰下，是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋与皇后马氏的陵寝，始建于 公元1381年，1398年朱元璋安葬于此，到1413年建成“大明孝陵神功圣德碑”，历经32年之久。今天的明孝陵景区以明孝陵陵宫区为主，包括大金门、四方城、神道等附属设施，以及周边的下马坊、梅花谷、梅花山、明东陵、紫霞湖等景区。 2003年7月3日，经联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会第27届会议审议通过，明 孝陵作为明清皇家陵寝扩展项目列入《世界遗产名录》。
介绍家乡南京导游词 介绍家乡南京导游词 作为一名专门为游客提供优质服务的导游人员，总不可避免地需要编写导游词，导游词是导游员同游客交流思想，向游客传播文化知识的工具，也是应用写作研究的文体之一。导游词要怎么写呢？以下是为大家收集的介绍家乡南京导游词，希望对大家有所帮助。 南京以“博爱之都”闻名海内外，是江苏省的省会城市，全省政治、经济和文化中心。全市面积6598平方公里，常住人口为800万人，下辖11区2县。 南京位于长江下游的中心地带，主要是丘陵盆地地形，城区附近东有紫金山，西有清凉山，南有牛首山，北有栖霞山。紫金山由东向西延伸，从南京城中横穿而过，使南京城南城北形成了两条水系，南为秦淮河，北为金川河。除此之外，还有玄武湖和莫愁湖宛如两颗璀璨的明珠镶嵌在南京的城东和城西。山与水的交织，共同造就了地形险要，山水壮丽的南京城。 由于南京城山环水绕，自古就是兵家必争之地。公元前472年，越王勾践命范蠡最早在此建城，也就有了南京的第一个名字“越城”。从越城算起，南京的建城史已有近2500年。古城南京具有深厚历史文化底蕴，位列我国四大古都之一，在此定都的朝代有：东吴、
东晋、南朝时的宋、齐、梁、陈、以及后来的南唐、明初、太平天国和中华民国，故而南京又被称作“六朝古都”、“十朝都会”。历朝历代为南京留下了许多名字，如：金陵、秣陵、建邺、建康、蒋州、江宁、昇州、集庆、应天、天京等，有些名字作为南京的地名沿用至今。南京的得名来源于明朝初年，当时的南京叫应天府，朱元璋曾经打算把都城迁到开封，将开封命名为北京，应天府称南京，后来国都虽然没有迁成，但是南京的名称却一直保留下来。 中国的近代史从南京开始，也在南京结束。1842年，清政府在南京下关的江面上与英国侵略者签订了中国近代史上第一个不平等条约——《南京条约》。1949年，中国人民解放军解放南京，标志着中国进入了社会主义的全新时代。 今日南京铁路、公路、航空、水运、管道等运输方式齐全，是华东地区重要的交通枢纽。南京禄口国际机场已开通覆盖国内45个城市以及韩国、日本、泰国、新加坡等地在内的国内外航线。南京港地处长江下游黄金水道，目前通航五大洲近50个国家和地区。近年来，南京市实施了规模空前的城市建设，南京第二长江大桥、南京第三长江大桥、玄武湖隧道、九华山隧道、赛虹桥立交桥、华东最大的双桥门五层立交等均已建成通车，大大提高了城市的交通能力，进一步优化了南京的投资环境。 南京是我省惟一跨江发展的城市，在我省沿海、沿江、沿线开放格局中处于枢纽位置，是中国东部地区重要的综合性工业基地和全国六大通讯枢纽之一。目前已形成了以“电子、石化、钢铁、汽车”四
南京明孝陵导游词英文 篇二:南京明孝陵导游词英文 Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty Hello, everybody! Welcome to Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty. It is the first world cultural heritage site in Nanjing. Xiaoling Tomb is situated at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain in the east part of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. It is the burial place of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his wife empress Ma. As one of the largest imperial tombs existent in China, Xiaoling became a major historic and cultural site under state protection in 1961. On July 3, 2003, together with the 13 Ming Tombs in Beijing, it was accepted into the World Heritage List as an associated site of “the imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties”. Ming Dynasty was the penult feudal regime in China’s history. Its founder, Zhu Yuanzhang, was often referred to as a “beggar emperor” for his miserable childhood. Zhu was born into a poor peasant family in 1328 in Anhui Province neighboring Jiangsu. In 1344, a serious drought and plague swept the north of the Huaihe River. All his family
江苏南京 - 中山陵导游词 中山陵是我国伟大的民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓，它坐落在江苏省南京市东郊钟山东峰小茅山的南麓，西邻明孝陵，东毗灵谷寺，整个建筑群依山势而层层上升，气势宏伟！ 1925 年 3月 12 日，孙中山在北京逝世，遵照他生前安葬在钟山的遗愿，灵柩暂停放在北京香山碧云寺内，并决定在南京钟山修建他的陵墓。中山陵由陵墓样稿得奖者、著名建筑师吕彦直设计施工。 整个墓区平面形如大钟，钟的顶为山下半月形广场，广场南端的鼎台（现改为中山先生的立像）为大钟的钟纽，钟锤就是半球形的墓室。“鼎”在古代是权力的象征，因此整个大钟乃含“唤起民众，以建民国”之意。陵坐北朝南，傍山而筑，由南往北沿中轴线逐渐升高，依次为广场、石坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、祭堂、墓室。 祭堂的正中，为孙中山先生的汉白玉坐像，此像为国外雕塑名家保罗兰德斯所作。坐像德基座四周雕刻着孙中山先生的革命业绩，祭堂四壁的黑色大理石墙上刻有孙中山亲笔书写的＞和胡汉民等人书写的＞。祭堂之后有一个铜门，横额上书“浩气长存”四个大字，亦是孙中山先生的手笔。门内即为钟形墓室，其中央有一直径 4 米、深 5 米的圆形大理石圆穴。孙中山的汉白玉灵柩及卧像即安放在圆穴中，瞻仰者可围绕汉白玉栏杆俯视灵柩上的卧像，此像系捷克雕刻家高棋按遗体形象塑造，十分逼真。孙中山先生虽然与世长辞，但是他浩气长存，永远为世人所敬仰。中山陵的建筑风格中西合壁，钟山的雄伟形势与各个牌坊、陵门、碑亭、祭堂和墓室，通过大片绿地和宽广的通天台阶，连成一个大的整体，显得十分庄严雄伟，既有深刻的含意，又显得十分庄严雄伟，更有宏伟的气势，设计非常成功，所以被誉为“中国近代建筑史上的第一陵”。
南京博物院导游词 引导语：南京博物院位于南京市玄武区中山东路321号，简称南院或南博，是中国三大博物馆之一，其前身是1933年蔡元培等倡建的国立中央博物院，下面是小编为大家精心整理的关于南京博物院的导游词范文，欢迎阅读！ 早在放寒假前，我就听说“ 南京博物院”从大年初二开始实行免费参观，所以我和爸爸、妈妈在大年初三、初四两天一头钻进了南京博物院，穿梭于各个展馆之间，大饱了眼福。 初三下午一点多，我们坐车来到了博物院，远远望去，门口人来人往，川流不息，看来大家都想抓住这个难得的机会，先睹为快。刚进博物院大门，我们就被眼前的景象惊呆了：只见观众的队伍从展馆门口的领票处顺着台阶向下，沿着博物院道路的一侧都快要排到大门口了，两百多米的队伍就像一条弯弯曲曲的长龙，真是太壮观了。因为观众太多，所以博物院每过十分钟才放一百位观众进入展馆。即便如此，长长的队伍中却没有一个人拥挤、插队的，大家都安静地排着队，耐心地等待着，队伍缓缓地向前移动，秩序井然。排了大概四十分钟，终于轮到我们了。 我们随着人流，迫不及待地走进展厅，兴致勃勃地观赏
起来。只见大厅分成上下两层，每一层有好几个陈列馆。我们在上层依次参观了书画陈列馆、云锦陈列馆、玉器陈列馆和征集文物陈列馆。我对征集文物陈列馆里的文物特别感兴趣，参观了很长时间，每一件文物我都仔细欣赏，认真阅读文字介绍。 特别是小巧玲珑的昆曲玉玩，我看了又看，久久不愿离去。这套玉玩是微型的昆曲道具，有鞋、凳子、灯笼、兵器、书、官帽等等上百件之多。每一件都造型逼真，做工精致，让我百看不厌。虽然每个陈列馆里都有很多观众，但大家都全神贯注地观赏文物，即使要交谈也是小声地窃窃私语，展厅里非常安静。 正当我看得流连忘返的时候，已经到了闭馆的时间，我真想再多看几眼啊，可是也只能恋恋不舍地离开了。虽然今天的观众很多，但是我发现无论是展厅的地面还是展馆外的路面都很少有垃圾，大家都自觉地把杂物扔进垃圾箱里，整个博物院绿树成荫，既整洁又干净，让人心旷神怡。 南京博物院的展览真是太吸引人、太好看了，我和爸爸妈妈说好以后要经常来参观。 南京是闻名世界的”六朝古都”。它有着悠久的历史，灿烂的文化，有着许多的名胜古迹，现在我就向你介绍江南地区规模最大，建筑等级最高，保存最为完好的一组明清时代的建筑---------南京博物馆。
南京朝天宫导游词 导语：南京朝天宫是江南地区现存建筑等级最高、面积最大、保存最完整的古建筑群。朝天宫之名，系明太祖朱元璋下诏御赐，取“朝拜上天”、“朝见天子”之意。下面是小编为大家整理的南京朝天宫导游词，欢迎各位的阅读和参考。 南京朝天宫导游词 各位游客： 我们现在来到了朝天宫。朝天宫是江南地区现存的古代建筑群中规模最大、建筑等级最高而保存得最完整的一组明、清古建筑群，它位于南京水西门内莫愁路东侧冶山南麓。前临古运河，就是今天所称的秦淮河，背依冶山，飞阁重楼，绿树掩映，素有“金陵第一胜迹”的美誉。 冶山是南京城西的一处著名旅游胜地，古代“金陵四十八景”之一，称之为“冶城西峙”，是南京最早开发的地区之一。山虽不高，但其名由来已久。相传春秋时期，吴王夫差在此设有冶炼作坊，制造青铜兵器，因而得名冶城。三国时，孙权也在此设冶官，专门从事冶铁。东晋时，冶山辟为宰相王导的西园，又称西苑。以后各朝都曾在此修建各种建筑。南朝刘宋时建有总明观。集中了全国著名的文人学
士从事社会科学的研究，成为全国最高的科学研究机构，科学家祖冲之等人曾在此任职。唐代，这里被称为紫极宫。大家知道，道教场所分为宫、观、庵三级。宫，是道教建筑中规模最大一种，观次之，庵又次之。到了北宋太宗雍熙年间(985～987年)，于山南建孔子的文宣王庙，不久又改为道教的天庆观。宋真宗大中祥符年间(1008～1016年)，改名为祥符宫，建太乙殿，仍归道教所有。元朝先后改为玄妙观、永寿宫。明太祖洪武十七年(1384年)重建，主要用于皇室贵族焚香祈福、祭祀天地，国家大典前百官先期练习礼仪，以及官僚、贵族子弟袭封前学习演练朝贺天子礼节的地方，所谓“百司府庶，有大朝贺，皆习仪于此”。“朝天宫”由此得名，并且沿用至今。 清初至道光年间，朝天宫仍为道观所在。太平天国失败后，清同治四年(1865年)，将江宁府学移于此地，进行重建，形成东、中、西三大建筑群格局。中路为江宁府文庙;东侧是江宁府学，包括学署、名贤祠、乡宦祠等;西侧为卞公祠、卡壶墓。 我们今天要参观的是中路景点，也就是朝天宫的主体建筑--文庙。文庙为琉璃瓦屋面，整座建筑依山而建，坐北朝南，建筑布局完整端庄，丹墙黄瓦，金碧辉煌，占地七万余平方米，是江南保存最完整的清代文庙建筑，1953年被列为江苏省文物保护单位。1986年南京市人民政府拨专款维修，现在朝天宫的建筑仍是当时修建的规模，基本上是古代文庙和府学的形制。作为文庙，讲究中轴对称。这里中轴线的最南端为万仞宫墙(照壁)，由南向北依次有：泮池、棂星门、大成门、大成殿、崇圣殿等。下面我给大家一一作介绍。