词形转换语法
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第一部分:词性转换的概念和基本规则1. 词性转换的概念词性转换是指根据上下文的需要,将一个词从它原来的词性转换成另一个词性的过程。
在英语中,词性转换通常涉及名词、动词、形容词和副词之间的转换。
2. 基本规则(1)名词与动词之间的转换一般情况下,名词可以转换为动词,动词也可以转换为名词。
例如:dance(n.舞蹈)→dance(v.跳舞);work(n.工作)→work (v.工作)。
(2)形容词与副词之间的转换形容词可以转换为副词,副词也可以转换为形容词。
例如:happy(adj.快乐)→happily(adv.快乐地);slow(adv.慢地)→slow(adj.慢的)。
第二部分:名词与动词的转换1. 名词转换为动词有些名词可以转换为动词,这通常通过在名词前加上适当的动词形式来实现。
例如:friend(n.朋友)→befriend(v.与...交朋友);peace(n.和平)→peace(v.使...安静)。
2. 动词转换为名词动词转换为名词通常通过在动词前加上适当的后缀来实现。
例如:climb(v.攀登)→climb(n.攀登);teach(v.教)→teach (n.教学)。
第三部分:形容词与副词的转换1. 形容词转换为副词形容词转换为副词通常通过在形容词后加上-ly来实现。
例如:quick(adj.快的)→quickly(adv.快速地);happy(adj.快乐的)→happily(adv.快乐地)。
2. 副词转换为形容词副词转换为形容词通常通过去掉副词后缀-ly来实现。
例如:slowly(adv.慢地)→slow(adj.慢的);carefully(adv.小心地)→careful(adj.小心的)。
第四部分:词性转换的练习题1. 单词转换请根据下列单词的词性和含义进行适当的转换。
1)hope(n.希望)→hope(v.希望)2)lucky(adj.幸运的)→luckily(adv.幸运地)2. 句子改写请根据下列句子的要求进行适当的词性转换。
英汉翻译中的词性转换一、本文概述翻译,作为语言交流的桥梁,在跨文化、跨语言的交流中扮演着至关重要的角色。
英汉翻译,作为其中最为常见和重要的分支之一,其技巧与方法对于提高翻译质量和效率具有深远的影响。
在英汉翻译实践中,词性转换是一种常见的翻译技巧,其运用得当与否直接影响到译文的质量。
本文旨在探讨英汉翻译中的词性转换现象,分析其必要性、常见类型及其在英语汉语言特点下的应用,以期为翻译实践提供有益的参考和指导。
本文将简要介绍英汉翻译中词性转换的必要性,阐述为何在翻译过程中需要进行词性转换,以及这种转换对于提高翻译质量的重要性。
本文将详细分析英汉翻译中常见的词性转换类型,包括名词与动词之间的转换、形容词与副词之间的转换等,并结合具体实例进行说明。
本文将探讨英汉翻译中词性转换的应用策略,结合英语和汉语的语言特点,分析如何在实际翻译中灵活运用词性转换技巧,以实现译文的准确、流畅和地道。
通过本文的阐述和分析,希望能够帮助读者更好地理解和掌握英汉翻译中的词性转换技巧,提高翻译实践中的应变能力和翻译质量,推动英汉翻译事业的不断发展和进步。
二、词性转换的基本概念词性转换,即在翻译过程中,将源语言中的某一词类转换为目标语言中的另一词类,而不改变其原意,是英汉翻译中一种常见的翻译技巧。
这种技巧的运用,旨在使译文更加地道、流畅,更符合目标语言的表达习惯。
在英汉翻译中,由于两种语言的语法结构和表达习惯存在差异,因此,翻译时常常需要进行词性转换。
例如,英语中的动词在汉语中可能需要转换为名词、形容词或副词;同样,汉语中的名词在英语中也可能需要转换为动词、形容词或副词。
这种转换并不是随意的,而是需要基于对源语言和目标语言的理解和掌握,以及对翻译原则的遵循。
词性转换的翻译技巧可以分为两类:一是完全转换,即源语言中的某一词类完全转换为目标语言中的另一词类;二是部分转换,即源语言中的某一词类在转换为目标语言时,仍然保留部分原词类的特性。
英语词性转换归纳汇总词汇是英语学习的基础,英语对单词的考查不仅仅局限于单词的拼写,更强调的是单词不同词性的灵活转换与运用,也就是同学们在平时做练习或考试中经常遇到的一种题型——词性转换。
动词变名词1.V+ ment 结尾achieve —— achievement 成就advertise —— advertisement 广告agree —— agreement 同意amuse——amusement 娱乐commit —— commitment 承诺,奉献develop —— development 发展disagree —— disagreement 不赞同equip 装备—— equipment 装备,器材govern 统治—— government 政府manage——management 经营,管理argue —— argument 争吵2.V+ ion 结尾attract —— attraction 吸引discuss —— discussion 讨论express ——-expression 词语;表达instruct —— instruction 用法说明invent—— invention 发明predict ——prediction 预言impress —— impression 印象suggest ——suggestion 建议,暗示educate —— education 教育graduate —— graduation 毕业operate —— operation 操作,动手术illustrate —— illustration 阐明,举例说明pollute —— pollution 污染introduce ——introduction 介绍organize ——organization 组织imagine —— imagination 想象力inspire——inspiration 灵感,鼓舞人心的事invite —— invitation 邀请compete —— competition 竞争,比赛pronounce ——pronunciation 发音admit —— admission 承认permit —— permission 允许conclude —— conclusion 结论decide —— decision 决定describe —— description 描写,描绘resolve —— resolution 决心solve ——solution 解决方法3.V+ ance 结尾allow —— allowance 允许appear —— appearance 外貌,出现perform —— performance 演出exist —— existence 存在4.V+ ing 结尾end —— ending 结尾,结局train ——training 训练mean —— meaning 意义say—— saying 谚语remind —— reminding 提醒bathe ——bathing 沐浴5.词尾加-er 或-or 后变成表示“某一类人”的名词work——worker 工人teach——teacher 老师sing——singer 歌手jump——jumper 跳高运动员play——player 表演者、运动员learn——learner 学习者visit——visitor 访问者invent——inventor 发明家6.V+ 其他beg——beggar 乞丐sit——seat 座位believe —— belief 信仰behave —— behavior 行为know—— knowledge 知识fly—— flight 飞行mix —— mixture 混合物press —— pressure 压力serve —— service 服务succeed ——success 成功pursue —— pursuit 追求,从事propose —— proposal 建议withdraw —— withdrawal 取钱;收回;撤退survive —— survival--survivor 幸存者arrive —— arrival 到达analyze —— analysis 分析形容词变名词1.词尾ent 改为ency 或enceefficient 有效率的——efficiency 效率patient——patience/impatience 耐性/无耐心dependent——dependence 依赖性independent——independence 独立性urgent——urgency 紧急2.ble 结尾,ble 改为bility possible——possibility 可能responsible——responsibility 责任;职责3.其他accurate——accuracy 准确性prosperous——prosperity 繁荣true——truth 真相wide——width 宽度long——length 长度high——height 高度名词/动词变形容词1.名词+yguilt 罪恶——guilty 内疚的health——healthy 健康的luck——lucky 幸运的cloud——cloudy 多云的wind—windy 多风的rain——rainy 多雨的snow——snowy 多雪的tourist —— touristy 游客多的(er 结尾,改er 为ry)hunger——hungry 饥饿的anger —— angry 生气的fog—— foggy 有雾的sun—— sunny 阳光灿烂的fur—— furry 毛皮的shine——shiny 发亮的taste —— tasty 美味的2.名词/动词+ ed(以辅音+辅音结尾的单词,直接加ed)talent —— talented 有天赋的offend ——offended 生气的crowd ——crowded 拥挤的(以元音字母e 结尾的单词直接加d)balance —— balanced 平衡的organize——organized 有组织的pollute ——polluted 被污染的please ——pleased 高兴的(元音加辅音结尾的单词,词尾辅音双写再加ed)spot —— spotted 有斑点的3.名词+ ful/lesscare —— careful/ careless 小心的/ 粗心的help—— helpful / helpless 有帮助的/ 无助的use—— useful/ useless 有用的/ 无用的meaning —— meaningful / meaningless 有意义的/无意义的colour—— colourful /colourless 多彩的/无色的pain 疼痛——painful /painless 痛苦的/ 不痛的thank—— thankful / thankless 充满感激的/ 不知感恩的peace 和平—— peaceful 和平的play 游戏—— playful 爱玩耍的home —— homeless 无家可归的4.名词/动词+ ablechange —— changeable 易变的adjust——adjustable 可调整的comfort——comfortable 舒适的knowledge——knowledgeable 知识渊博的suit ——suitable 合适的(动词以辅音加y 结尾把y 变i 加able) deny—— deniable 可否认的rely—— reliable 可靠的5.名词+ ouscourage——courageous 勇敢的danger—— dangerous 危险的(以y 结尾,改y 为i 再加ous)mystery 神秘—— mysterious 神秘的6.ce 变tconfidence—— confident 自信的difference——different 不同的dependence —— dependent 依赖他人的independence—— independent 独立的7.词尾加aladdition—— additional 附加的,额外的music—— musical 音乐的person——personal (私人的)nation—— national 国家的education——educational 有教育意义的tradition—— traditional 传统的origin 起源——original 新颖的;独创的(以元音字母e 结尾的单词,去掉词尾元音加al) nature——natural 自然的globe—— global 全球的特例:class—— classical 经典的medicine 药——medical 医学的grammar—— grammatical 语法的8.名词+ lyfriend—— friendly 友好的live——lively 活跃的,有生气的love——lovely 可爱的week——weekly 每周的man——manly 男子气概的;强壮的9.词尾+ enwood—— wooden 木制的wool—— woolen 羊毛的10.表示方位的词East——easternWest——westernSouth——southernNorth——northern11.四大洲亚洲—— AsianAfrica非洲——AfricanEurope欧洲—— EuropeanAmerica美洲——American12.其他energy 精力——energetic 精力充沛的strategy——strategic 战略的scientist——scientific 科学的fool 傻子——foolish 愚蠢的love——loving 慈爱的pleasure——pleasant 令人愉快的/ pleased 高兴的pride——proud 自豪的形容词变动词1.词尾加izemodern——modernize 使...现代化social——socialize 使...社会化2.词尾加enfast——fasten 使固定;集中于short—— shorten 缩短wide——widen 放宽less——lessen 使...减少特例(有变形):long——lengthen 使延长strong ——strengthen 加强;巩固3.词前加enlarge —— enlarge 扩大;放大形容词变副词1. 形容词+ lybad——badly 坏地bright——brightly 明亮地casual——casually 随意地clear——clearly 清楚地complete——completely 完全correct——correctly 正确地final——finally 最后fortunate——fortunately 幸运地general——generally 一般来讲loud——loudly 大声地particular ——particularly 特别地polite——politely 礼貌地proper ——properly 适当地main——mainly 主要地most ——mostly 多半,大多数normal——normally 正常地quick——quickly 迅速地quiet——quietly 轻轻地,安静地real——really 真正地recent ——recently 最近;近来sad——sadly 悲哀地slow——slowly 缓慢地special——specially 专门,特殊地specific——specifically 特定地,明确地strong——strongly 坚决地,强烈地sudden——suddenly 突然usual——usually 通常2.以le 结尾的,去e + y comfortable——comfortably 舒服地gentle——gently 温柔地possible——possibly 可能地simple——simply 仅仅;只;简单地terrible——terribly 非常;极度地3.辅音字母+ y 变y 为ily easy——easily 容易地heavy——heavily 沉重地happy——happily 快乐地4.特殊good——well 好的true——truly 真实地。
第四讲词性转换(构词法)英语构词法主要有三种:合成、转化和派生。
合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词;转化是指一个单词的词形不变而由一种词性转化为另一种词性;派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。
前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性,后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。
将构词法置于此处讲解,一是对前面基础词法的汇总,二是为攻克后面的重难动词做铺垫。
[全析考法]单句语法填空/单句改错1.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased ________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.解析:pollution decrease“降低,减少”,为及物动词,后接名词作宾语,故填名词pollution。
2.(2018·6月浙江高考)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ________(weigh) problems.解析:weight根据语境可知,此处表示体重方面的问题,故此处填名词作定语。
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate).解析:education前面有形容词性物主代词her,此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract).解析:attraction此处作表语且前面由its top修饰,应该用attract的名词形式attraction,意为“吸引人之物,诱惑物”。
第三讲词性转换(构词法) [思维导图]一、动词、形容词转化为名词的规律1.动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ion/-tion/ -sion/-ation correct→correction改正celebrate→celebration 庆祝;庆祝会attract→attraction 吸引conclude→conclusion 结论;结束discuss→discussion 讨论;辩论decide→decision 决定admit→admission 接纳;准许入学invite→invitation 邀请explain→explanation 解释graduate→graduation 毕业expect→expectation 期望-er/-or drive→driver司机;驾驶员gather→gatherer 收集者;采集者teach→teacher 老师announce→announcer 广播员conduct→conductor 指挥;售票员-ment punish→punishment惩罚achieve→achievement 功绩;成就argue→argument 辩论;论据2.形容词变名词的后缀二、名词、动词转化为形容词的规律energy →energetic 精力充沛的[名师指津] -ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态,意为“感到……的”,通常修饰人;-ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征,意为“令人……的”,通常修饰物或事。
三、形容词转化为副词的规律类别例词直接加-ly clear→clearly清楚地great→greatly 很,大大地以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词,变y为i再加-ly happy→happily高兴地heavy→heavily 沉重地词尾为ble/le的形容词,去掉e,再加-y terrible→terribly可怕地gentle→gently 轻轻地词尾为ue的形容词,去掉e再加-lytrue→truly真实地词尾为ll的形容词,直接加-y full→fully充分地dull→dully 迟钝地词尾为-ic的形容词,加-ally basic→basically 主要地scientific→ scientifically 合乎科学地厘清两种情况,突破词性转换从句法功用上看,厘清“修饰与被修饰”1.名词在句中作宾语,被冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词所修饰[例1] She is determined to carry on with her________(educate).(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) [分析] education[前面有形容词性物主代词her,此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。
北师大英语必修一词性转换在学习英语语法知识时,词性转换是一个必不可少的环节。
在北师大英语必修一中,词性转换也是一个重要的部分。
下面将从名词转换为动词、动词转换为名词、形容词转换为副词和副词转换为形容词四个方面来讲解一下。
一、名词转换为动词名词转换为动词通常有两种方式:一种是在名词前添加“to”构成不定式,另一种是在名词前添加“-ize”、“-ify”等后缀构成动词。
例如,以下是一些常见的名词转换为动词的例子:Noun(名词) Verb(动词)peace(和平) to peace(和平化)advantage(优势) to advantage(利用优势)democracy(民主) to democratize(民主化)simplify(简化) to simplify(简单化)二、动词转换为名词动词转换为名词也有两种方式:一种是在动词前添加“-ing”构成动名词,另一种是在动词前添加“-ment”、“-tion”等后缀构成名词。
以下是一些常见的动词转换为名词的例子:Verb(动词) Noun(名词)understand(理解) understanding(理解)improve(改善) improvement(改善)organize(组织) organization(组织)consume(消费) consumption(消费)三、形容词转换为副词形容词转换为副词有两种方式:一种是在形容词末尾添加“-ly”,另一种是保留形容词原形不变作为副词。
例如,以下是一些常见的形容词转换为副词的例子:Adjective(形容词) Adverb(副词)kind(友善的) kindly(友善地)fast(快的) fast(快速地)hard(艰难的) hard(努力地)good(好的) well(好地)四、副词转换为形容词副词转换为形容词的方式是在副词后面添加“-ful”、“-less”等后缀。
例如,以下是一些常见的副词转换为形容词的例子:Adverb(副词) Adjective(形容词)careful(小心地) careful(小心的)hopeless(绝望地) hopeless(绝望的)helpful(有帮助的) helpful(有帮助的)productive(高效的) productive(高效的)。
初中英语单词词性知识点总结及词性转换规律1.名词(1)名词的可数与不可数可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。
不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。
物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目,来统计,都成为不可数名词。
不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。
要表示“一个……”这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。
要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。
如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news 等。
(2)名词复数的规则变化A.一般情况下加-s。
B.以s, x, ch, sh,结尾的加-esC.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-esD.以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es(3)名词的所有格A.单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’s。
如:the worker's bike,the Children’ s ballB.表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后’ s。
如:This is Lucy and Licy’ s room.These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms.C.如果是通过在词尾加一s构成的复数形式的名词,只加‘。
如:the students' books, the girls' blouses(另外:名词+of+名词名词是有生命的,我们就用's结构来表示所有关系。
如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。
)2.代词人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词(1)人称代词第一人称单数I me my mine myself复数we us our ours ourselves第二人称单数you you your yours yourself复数you you your yours yourselves第三人称单数he him his his himselfshe her her hers herselfit it its its itself复数they them their theirs themselves(2)物主代词物主代词的用法:形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词;名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。
动词变名词1. v+ ment 结尾achieve---achievement 成就advertise---advertisement advertising agree—agreement argue---argument争吵announce --- announcement通知amuse--- amusement 娱乐2.V+ tion commit 奉献—commitment develop---development disgree—disagreement equip 装备---equipment 装备,器材govern 统治—government 政府manage---management经营管理settle--- settlement 定居admit 承认—admissioncompete—competition 竞争,比赛discuss—discussion 讨论educate ---- educationdecide --- decisiondescribe—description 描写,描绘organize --- organization imagine—imagination 想象力introduce—introduction 介绍instruct—instruction 指导,介绍invent—inventor / invention illustrate 阐明,举例说明3.V+ ance 结尾allow —allowance 允许appear—appearance 外貌,出现4.V+ ing 结尾bathe 洗澡---bathing end 结束ending 结尾,结局train 训练---training 5.V+ 其他beg(乞讨)—beggar 乞丐inspire---inspiration 灵感,鼓舞人心的pollute -- pollution 污染predict---prediction 预言pronounce ---pronunciation resolve 决心------- resolution 决心impress 给人印象—impression 印象permit 允许 - permissionsuggest-建议,暗示--suggestion solve 解决- s olution 解决方法perform --- performance 演出exist—existance 存在mean --- meaning 意义say ---- s aying 谚语结尾以t, te, de, 结尾的动词常去 E 或直接加ion attract吸引—attraction 有吸引力的事或人;令人向往的地方conclude—conclusion 结论--illustrationinvite —invitationsit--seat 座位employ--employer 雇主,老板believe—belief 信仰behave 行为,举止 -------- behavior know---knowledge fly —flight 飞行heat 加热---heat 热量hit 撞击 ------- h it 轰动一时的人或物,碰撞mix 混合mixture 混合物press 按,压—pressure 压力receive—receptionist 接待员serve—service 服务名词变形容词1 名词+y anger 生气angryhonest—honesty 诚实的hunger---hungry fog—foggy 有雾的fur furry 毛皮的guilt 罪恶---guilty 内疚的health---healthy luck---lucky cloud---cloudy wind—windy2. ------------------------ 名词+ ed balance –balanced 平衡的spot 斑点,地点 ---- spotted 有斑点的talent ---- talented 有天赋的organized 有组织的3.名词+ ful/less meaning—meaningful 有意义的care—careful/ careless 小心的;--employee 雇员succeed-- success tour 在 -- 旅游- tourist 游客pursue—pursuit 追求,从事propose—proposal 建议withdraw —withdrawal 取钱;收回;撤退survive—survival--survivor 幸存者arrive-- arrival 到达analyze—analysis 分析rain---rainy snow---snowy sun—sunny tourist touristy 游客多的business---busy salt 盐--- salty 咸的shine---shiny 发亮的silk 丝绸—silky 丝绸般的sleep---sleepy 昏昏欲睡的taste 口味,品味----------------- tasty 甜的distusted 厌恶的offended 生气的crowded 拥挤的polluted 被污染的pleased 高兴的粗心的help---helpful / helplesshome—homeless 无家可归的colour---colourful pain 疼痛---painful 痛苦的use---useless/ useful 4.名词+ able adjustable 可调整的comfort---comfortable 5. ---------------------- 名词+ ouscourage—courageous 勇敢的danger—dangerous mystery 神秘 ----------- mysterious 神秘的6. --------------- ce 变t confidence------------------ confidentdifference---different7. al 结尾Addition —additional 附加的,额外的Class—classical 经典的medicine 药medical 医学的music---musical nature---natural 自然的person---personal (私人的) nation—national 国家的8.名词+ ly friend—friendly live---lively 活跃的,有生气的love—lovely 可爱的10. 其他energy精力---energetic strategy—strategic 战略的fool 傻子—foolish 愚蠢的freedom 自由—free 空的,免费thank—thankful 充满感激的peace 和平-- peaceful 平静的,宁静的playful 顽皮的,爱玩耍的knowledge---knowledgeablesuit 一套- suitable 合适的dependence—dependent independence--independenteducation---educational 有教育意义的tradition --- t raditional 传统的origin 起源---original 新颖的;独创的grammar—grammatical 语法的globe—global 全球的9.+ en 结尾wood—wooden 木制的wool —woolen 羊毛的的height 高度—high illness 疾病--- ill love—loving 慈爱的death---deadpleasure---pleasant / pleased popularity 流行性—popular形容词变副词1.形容词+ ly bad—badly bright—brightly 明亮地casual—casually 随意地clear—clearly 清楚地complete—completely 完全correct---correctly 正确地final--finally fortunate—fortunately 幸运地general—generally 一般来讲loud—loudly particular 特殊的,独特的—particularly polite—politelyproper 合适的- ,恰当的---properlymain ----- mainly 主要地2. 以le 结尾的去 e + y comfortable---comfortably gentle—gently possible---possibly3. 辅音字母+ y 变ily easy—easily heavy—heavily happy--happily4. 特殊pride---proudscientist --- s cientific 科学的most 多数-- mostly 多半,大多数normal---normally 正常地quick—quickly quiet—quietly 轻轻地,安静地real—really recent 最近的------------- recently 最近;近来hard 难的;努力地---hardly 几乎不late 迟的—lately 最近;近来sad--sadlyslow---slowly special—specially 专门,特殊地specific---specifically 特定地,明确地strong—strongly 坚决地,强烈地sudden—suddenly 突然usual—usuallysimple ---- simply 仅仅;只;简单地terrible---terribly形容词变名词efficient 有效率的—efficiency 效率patient—patience/impatience true—truth high—height possible—possibility responsible—responsibility prosperous—prosperity 繁荣形容词变动词modern—modernize fast--fasten long—lengthen—length(n.) less--lessen strong—strengthen—strength(n.) large—enlargegood—well 好地true—trulywell 身体健康的,井名词变动词computer--computerize 名词---形容词—副词beauty 美,美人—beautiful —beautifully care—careful—carefully care—careless—carelessly difference---different---differently fortune—fortunate—fortunately/u nfortunately happiness—happy—happily hunger—hungry--hungrily health—healthy—healthily luck—lucky—luckily 方位的词名词—形容词East—easterndependen—t dependenc依赖性independent—independency 独立性wide—widthlong—length urgent—urgency 紧急accurate—accuracy 准确性social--socializeshort/shorten wide--widen noise—noisy—noisily pride—proud—proudly 骄傲地sadness—sad—sadly safety 安全;安全的地方—safe —safely silence—silent---silently 默默地success—successfu—l successfully truth—true—truly unluck—unlucky—unluckily wonder 奇迹—wonderful —wonderfullyWest—westernSouth—southern In the west of ChinaNorth---northern In the western part of China 四大洲名词 - 形容词Asia 亚洲–AsianAfrica 非洲-- AfricanEurope欧洲-- EuropeanAmerica 美洲- American既是形容词又是副词earlyget up early ;an early trainlate be late for class come late forschooldeep dive deep into the sea a holedeep largehigh jump high ;a high mountainhard a hard question; a hardstone work hard / study hardrain hardlongIt takes too longIt takes a long timefarjump farMy home is far from schoolstraight a straight linego straight along here。
高考英语-(重点单词词性转换+重点短语+语法填空)三轮冲刺7重点单词词性转换1.lend sb. a hand帮某人一把;助某人一臂之力2.learn a lesson from…从…中吸取教训3.let out 放出4.let out a cry of surprise 发出惊讶声5.let in 让进来6.light up 照亮;(脸或眼睛)顿时露出喜色7.sb. be likely to do sth./It is likely that…某人有可能做某事8.limited 有限的9.in line 成一直线;协调10.be linked to…和...接上,连接11.be linked with…和…有关联的12.make a list of….列出…13.live up to 遵守,符合,不辜负14.be televised/broadcast live 现场电视转播/广播15.be located in/by/near…坐落在..16.sth. be under lock and key 某物被严密保存17.look after照顾18.look around环视19.look back回顾20.look down on/upon轻视重点短语1.aim a blow at sb对某人猛烈一击2.blow off 吹走I had m hat blown off3.black and blue all over浑身青一块紫一块4.notice board 通知栏5.on board 在船上/飞机上...6.join the board/the army/the party参加董事会/参军/入党7.boast of /about sth 吹嘘/夸耀8.body and soul 身心9.build up one's body/character健全体魄/培养性格10.book a ticket for 预定一张...的票11.place an order for sth with ...向...预定....12.booking office售票处13.on the border of China and Russia在中俄边界14.be bored with/be fed up with/ be tired of 对于…感到厌倦15.be bored to death厌烦得要死16.be born of poor parents出生于贫苦家庭17.be born in a poor family出生于贫苦家庭18.be born with sth天生具有...19.a born musician 一天生音乐家20.borrow sth from sb/sp从..借...一、句型转换1. This book is only designed for children. = This book is only ____ ____ adults only.2. As far as I’m concerned, his suggestion is very significant. = ___, his suggestion is ___ ___ ___.3. They recommended him to leave at once. = They recommended that he ____ _____ at once.4. Olympics Games take place every four years. = Olympics Games take place _____ __________.5. I’m delighted at your success. = I’m delighted _____ ____ ____ your success.6. The prisoners attempted an escape, but failed. = The prisoners attempted _____ _____, butfailed.7. No matter how hard they tried, they failed every time. = ____ hard they tried, they failed everytime.8. Middle-aged women are easily made to believe what the cheaters tell them.Middle-aged women ____ easily ____ what the cheaters tell them.9. Her uncle moved out of New York for this reason___ ___ for this reason ___ her uncle moved out of New York.10. They had a meeting in memory of the person who served the old for 20 years.They had a meeting ____ ____ ____the person who served the old for 20 years.11. In order for a new sport to be added, a current sport must be dropped.In order that a new sport ____ ____, a current sport must be ____.12. Please write in every two lines. = Please write in ____ ____ ____.13. Why don’t you go swimming instead of watching TV at home?Why ___ ___ swimming instead of watching TV at home.14. The thief tried to run away, but the policeman stopped me.The thief ___ ___ ___ to run away, but the policeman stopped me.1. intended / meant for2.personally of great significance3.should leave4. every fourth year5. tohave heard 6. to escape 7. However 8. fall for 9. It was that 10in honour of 11. is added removed12.every another line / every second line 13. not go14.made an attempt二请选择所给短语的适当形式填空have a tendency to, make sure, give thought to, learn about, dream of, show off, at the end of, refer to, think twice, make an agreement, other than, have an appointment with, work on, as well as, regardless of, have a good reputation, give thought to, as long as, point out, in defence of, be rescued from, have access to, in the minority, show off, in possession of2. ______________ the special standard, we must make a very careful plan.3. People under stress______________ express their full range of potential.4. He _______________ that the rope was tight.5. How did you ______________ the meeting?6. She likes to ______________ her fine clothes in public.7. We'll have an exam in English _____________ January.8. I advised him to ______________ before making the final decision.9. You can't get there _____________ by boat.10. We _____________ Mr. Wang to go for a picnic.11. We_____________ to always tell each other the truth about everything.12. We are repairing the roof _____________ painting the walls.13. He ____________ a new novel for over a year now.14. If you want to know his telephone number, you may ____________ the telephone directory.15. ____________ how often I correct him, he always makes the same mistake.16. The firemen didn't _____________ their personal safety.17. The Chinese folk dance ______________ both at home and abroad.18. Nearly 20 people ______________ the roof of the burning building yesterday.19. They were fighting like lions ______________ their homeland.20. _____________ my heart still beats, I will go on working for the people.21. She likes to _____________ her nice figure by wearing tight dresses.22. It is hoped that the readers will kindly _____________ our errors.23. Students do not _____________ dictionaries at the examination.24. Boys are very much _____________ at the dancing class.25. He said he was _____________ a car.1. dream of2. Giving thought to3. have a tendency to4. made sure5. learn about6. show off7. at the end of8. think twice9. other than 10. have an appointment with 11. made an agreement 12 . as well as 13. has been working on 14. refer to 15. Regardless of 16. give thought to 17. has a good reputation 18. were rescued from 19. in defence of 20. As long as 21. show off 22. point out 23. have access to 24. in the minority 25. in possession of语法填空-专项练习1阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
考点十二词性转换限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1.My English improved a lot; more importantly, I gained much ________ (confident).答案:confidence 句意:我的英语提高了许多;更重要的是,我的自信心增强了不少。
所填词涉与形容词变为名词的后缀:ence。
句中的much为限定词,后应接名词,作宾语。
根据派生法规如此,confident的名词形式为confidence。
2.Smoking during pregnancy ________ (danger) your baby's life.答案:will endanger 句意:孕期抽烟会危与胎儿生命。
所填词涉与名词转化为动词的构词法:en。
句中所填词应为谓语动词,意为“危与〞;根据派生词构词法规如此,可在名词前加前缀en,转化为相应意义的动词,即endanger;另外,本句表示表示在某种情况下有可能发生的事,应用情态动词will,故填will endanger。
3.It was a ________ (fog) cold morning when he set off for the remote village.答案:foggy 句意:在一个寒冷的起雾的上午,他向那个遥远的村庄进发了。
句中所填词修饰morning,作定语。
根据派生法规如此,fog的形容词形式为foggy。
4.People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use).答案:useless 句意:对于重返学校,人们当然有各种理由,但是有一点需要知道的重要的事是,知识是有用的。
把动词的结尾改为【ed 】或【ing 】形式,就能变为形容词。
比如↓ I was really bored in that presentation. That was areally boring presentation. - ed -以【ed 】结尾的形容词通常描述【人们】的情绪。
I was so bored in that lesson, I almost fell asleep.He was surprised to see Helen after all those years.She was really tired and went tobed early. - ing -以【ing 】结尾的形容词通常描述引起人们情绪的【事物】。
Have you seen that film? It's really frightening.I could listen to her for hours. She's so interesting.I can't sleep! That noise is really annoying! - 对比 -有些动词,改为两种结尾都可以。
语法规则如常:【ed 】——【人们】的情绪。
【ing 】——引起情绪的【事物】。
以上区别其实很好理解。
一件【事物】让【人们】有了某些情绪,那么:【事物】是主动方,用【ing】结尾;【人们】是被动方,用【ed】结尾。
动词变名词1.v+ ment 结尾achieve ——achievement 成就advertise ——advertisement 广告agree ——agreement 同意amuse——amusement 娱乐commit ——commitment 奉献develop ——development 发展disagree ——disagreement 不赞同equip 装备——equipment 装备,器材govern 统治——government 政府manage——management 经营,管理argue ——argument 争吵2.V+ ion 结尾attract ——attraction 吸引discuss ——discussion 讨论express ——-expression 词语;表达instruct ——instruction 指导,介绍invent——invention 发明predict ——prediction 预言impress ——impression 印象suggest ——suggestion 建议,暗示educate ——education 教育graduate ——graduation 毕业operate ——operation 操作,动手术illustrate ——illustration 阐明,举例说明pollute ——pollution 污染introduce ——introduction 介绍organize ——organization组织imagine ——imagination 想象力inspire——inspiration 灵感,鼓舞人心的invite ——invitation 邀请compete ——competition 竞争,比赛pronounce ——pronunciation发音admit ——admission 承认permit ——permission 允许conclude ——conclusion 结论decide ——decision 决定describe ——description描写,描绘resolve ——resolution 决心solve ——solution 解决方法3.V+ ance 结尾allow ——allowance 允许appear ——appearance 外貌,出现perform ——performance 演出exist ——existance 存在4.V+ ing 结尾end ——ending 结尾,结局train ——training训练mean ——meaning 意义say——saying 谚语remind ——reminding提醒bathe ——bathing沐浴5.词尾加-er或-or后变成表示“某一类人”的名词work——worker 工人teach——teacher老师sing——singer 歌手jump——jumper跳高运动员play——player表演者、运动员learn——learner 学习者visit——visitor访问者invent——inventor发明家6.V+ 其他beg——beggar 乞丐sit——seat 座位believe ——belief 信仰behave ——behavior 行为know——knowledge 知识fly——flight 飞行mix ——mixture 混合物press ——pressure 压力serve ——service 服务succeed ——success 成功pursue ——pursuit 追求,从事propose ——proposal 建议withdraw ——withdrawal 取钱;收回;撤退survive ——survival--survivor 幸存者arrive ——arrival到达analyze ——analysis 分析2形容词变名词1.词尾ent改为ency或ence efficient有效率的——efficiency 效率patient——patience/impatience 耐性/无耐心dependent——dependence依赖性independent——independency 独立性urgent——urgency 紧急2.ble结尾,ble改为bility possible——possibility 可能responsible——responsibility 责任;职责3.其他accurate——accuracy 准确性prosperous——prosperity 繁荣true——truth 真相wide——width 宽度long——length 长度high——height 高度二、名词/动词变形容词1.名词+yhonest ——honesty 诚实的guilt 罪恶——guilty 内疚的health——healthy 健康的luck——lucky 幸运的cloud——cloudy 多云的wind—windy 多风的rain——rainy 多雨的snow——snowy 多雪的tourist ——touristy 游客多的er结尾,改er为ry hunger——hungry 饥饿的anger ——angry 生气的fog——foggy 有雾的sun——sunny 阳关灿烂的fur——furry 毛皮的shine——shiny 发亮的taste ——tasty 美味的2. 名词/动词+ ed以辅音+辅音结尾的单词,直接加ed talent ——talented 有天赋的offend ——offended 生气的crowd ——crowded 拥挤的以元音字母e结尾的单词直接加d balance ——balanced 平衡的organize——organized 有组织的pollute ——polluted 被污染的please ——pleased 高兴的元音加辅音结尾的单词,词尾辅音双写再加edspot ——spotted 有斑点的3.名词+ ful/lesscare ——careful/ careless 小心的/ 粗心的help——helpful / helpless 有帮助的/ 无助的use——useful/ useless有用的/ 无用的meaning ——meaningful / meaningless有意义的/无意义的colour——colourful /colourless 多彩的/无色的pain 疼痛——painful /painless痛苦的/ 不痛的thank——thankful / thankless 充满感激的/ 不知感恩的peace 和平——peaceful 和平的play游戏——playful 爱玩耍的home ——homeless 无家可归的4.名词/动词+ ablechange ——changeable 易变的adjust——adjustable 可调整的comfort——comfortable 舒适的knowledge——knowledgeable 知识渊博的suit ——suitable 合适的动词以辅音加y结尾把y变i 加able ,deny——deniable 可否认的rely——reliable 可靠的5.名词+ ous courage——courageous 勇敢的danger——dangerous 危险的以y结尾,改y为i再加ous mystery 神秘——mysterious 神秘的6.ce 变t confidence——confident 自信的difference——different 不同的dependence ——dependent 依赖他人的independence——independent 独立的7.词尾加al addition——additional 附加的,额外的music——musical 音乐的person——personal (私人的) nation——national 国家的education——educational有教育意义的tradition——traditional 传统的origin起源——original 新颖的;独创的以元音字母结尾的单词,去掉词尾元音加alnature——natural 自然的globe——global 全球的特例:class——classical 经典的medicine 药——medical 医学的grammar——grammatical 语法的8.名词+ ly friend——friendly 友好的live——lively 活跃的,有生气的love——lovely 可爱的week——weekly 每周的man——manly 男子气概的;强壮的9.词尾+ en wood——wooden 木制的wool——woolen 羊毛的10. 表示方位的词East——eastern West——western South——southern North——northern11.四大洲Asia 亚洲——AsianAfrica 非洲——African Europe欧洲——European America 美洲——American 12. 其他energy精力——energetic 精力充沛的strategy——strategic 战略的scientist——scientific 科学的fool 傻子——foolish 愚蠢的love——loving 慈爱的pleasure——pleasant令人愉快的/ pleased高兴的pride——proud 自豪的3形容词变动词1.词尾加ize modern——modernize 使...现代化social——socialize 使...社会化2.词尾加enfast——fasten 使固定;集中于short——shorten 缩短wide——widen 放宽less——lessen 使...减少特例(有变形):long——lengthen 使延长strong ——strengthen 加强;巩固3.词前加enlarge ——enlarge 扩大;放大4形容词变副词1.形容词+ ly bad——badly 坏地bright——brightly 明亮地casual——casually 随意地clear——clearly 清楚地complete——completely 完全correct——correctly 正确地final——finally 最后fortunate——fortunately幸运地general——generally 一般来讲loud——loudly 大声地particular ——particularly特别地polite——politely 礼貌地proper ——properly适当地main——mainly 主要地most ——mostly 多半,大多数normal——normally 正常地quick——quickly 迅速地quiet——quietly 轻轻地,安静地real——really 真正地recent ——recently 最近;近来sad——sadly 悲哀地slow——slowly 缓慢地special——specially 专门,特殊地specific——specifically 特定地,明确地strong——strongly 坚决地,强烈地sudden——suddenly突然usual——usually 通常2. 以le 结尾的,去e + y comfortable——comfortably 舒服地gentle——gently 温柔地possible——possibly 可能地simple——simply 仅仅;只;简单地terrible——terribly 非常;极度地3. 辅音字母+ y 变y为ily easy——easily 容易地heavy——heavily 沉重地happy——happily 快乐地4.特殊good——well好地true——truly 真实地。
词性的变化形式词性的变化形式是语言中一个重要的语法现象。
不同的词性在不同的语境中会发生变化,以适应句子结构和语法规则。
本文将从名词、动词、形容词和副词等几个方面来讨论词性的变化形式。
一、名词的变化形式名词是指表示人、事物、抽象概念等的名字。
名词的变化形式主要包括单数和复数的变化、所有格和词性转换。
1. 单数和复数的变化大部分名词的复数形式是在词尾加上-s或-es。
例如:book(单数)→books(复数),cup(单数)→cups(复数)。
但也有一些名词复数形式有特殊变化,比如:man(单数)→men(复数),child(单数)→children(复数)。
2. 所有格名词的所有格表示所属关系或者身份。
一般情况下,名词所有格的形式是在名词的后面加上's。
例如:my father's car(我父亲的车)。
但对于以-s结尾的名词,只需要在名词的后面加上'。
例如:the boys' toys (男孩们的玩具)。
3. 名词的词性转换名词可以通过加上不同的后缀来转化为形容词或者动词。
例如:child(名词)→childish(形容词),friend(名词)→befriend(动词)。
二、动词的变化形式动词是表示动作、状态或者存在的词。
动词的变化形式主要包括时态、人称和语态的变化。
1. 时态的变化动词的时态表示动作发生的时间。
英语中常见的时态包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。
时态的变化通常需要动词的不同形式。
2. 人称的变化动词的人称表示动作的执行者或所涉及的人或物。
英语中的人称包括第一人称、第二人称和第三人称。
一般来说,动词在不同的人称下会发生变化。
3. 语态的变化动词的语态表示动作的执行者和承受者。
英语中的常见语态包括主动语态和被动语态。
语态的变化需要动词的不同形式。
三、形容词的变化形式形容词是描述人、事物的特征或者性质的词。
形容词的变化形式主要包括级别的变化和词性转换。
落堕市安心阳光实验学校专题二需要“变形”的名词、形容词和副词(三)词性转换(构词法)单句语法填空1.Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries, so the people of Pompeii felt that they were in (safe).safety解析:句意:维苏威火山几个世纪以来都没有爆发过,所以庞培的人们感到他们是安全的。
in safety意为“安全”,是固定短语。
2.The Theater District is a popular tourist (attract) in New York City.attraction解析:句意:剧院区是纽约一个很受欢迎的旅游胜地。
设空处作is的表语,其前有不定冠词a及popular tourist修饰,应用名词单数。
3.At first people there found the Chinese and their work very strange. My father often saw people running after trains out of (curious).curiosity解析:句意:起初,那里的人们发现中国人和他们的工作很奇怪。
我父亲经常看到人们出于好奇而追赶火车。
介词of后应使用名词,此处是短语out of curiosity“出于好奇”。
4.The boy gave his classmate a (describe) of what he had seen on his way to school.description解析:空格前有不定冠词,空格后有介词of,故此处填名词。
5.People who are farsighted can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at an arm’s (long).length解析:此处表示除非放在一臂远的距离外。
英语词性转换的技巧一、名词变形容词 (n.- adj.)1. 在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)。
例如:rainrainy, cloudcloudy, windwindy, snowsnowy等。
1)如果名词以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,这时应双写词尾的辅音字母再加-y。
如:sunsunny, funfunny等。
2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加-y。
例如:noisenoisy, iceicy 等。
2. 一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词。
例如:carecareful, thankthankful, helphelpful, useuseful, beautybeautiful等。
二、动词变名词(v.-n.)1.词形不变,词性改变。
例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词,也可以用作名词。
2. 一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示"某一类人'的名词。
例如:workworker, teachteacher, singsinger, jumpjumper, playplayer,learnlearner, visitvisitor, inventinventor等。
2学好英语的小窍门学习英语是随时随地的比如说买了一件新东西我都会对上面的包装或说明书仔细研究一番,当然不是在研究商品本身,是为了看上面的英语解释,想多几个地道的英语表达而已。
买了一瓶止咳露,从上面也学到不少东西。
比如说,有效期可以说成validity,规格可以说成specification,贮藏可以说成 storage,放在儿童接触的地方可以这样说keep out of the reach of children,等等等等。
这些东西都非常有用,虽然有时你看了一遍不一定记得,但当你下次再碰到它们的时候你的印象就会更加深入,久而久之便会记得。
1
对动词词形(性)变化的考
查
1.考查动词转换成名词
(1).动词+er→名词
teach→teacher
keep→keeper
paint→painter sell→seller
speak→speaker
wait→waiter clean→cleaner
play→player
(2).动词+r→名词
manage→manager
write→writer
dance→dancer
2
dive→diver drive→driver
注意:run→runner
swim→swimmer
travel→traveller
win→winner
shop→shopper
cook→cook等。
(3). 动词+or→名词
visit→visitor
invent→inventor
direct→director等。
(4). 动词+(t)ion→名词
act→action
invent→invention
3
discuss→discussion
pollute→pollution
decide→decision
suggest→suggestion
introduce→introduction
invite→invitation等。
(5). 动词+ing→名词
hear→hearing
cycle→cycling
hike→hiking ski→skiing
dive→diving
climb→climbing
feel→feeling
turn→turning
4
cross→crossing
begin→beginning
build→building
clean→cleaning
draw→drawing
paint→painting
swim→swimming
wash→washing
draw→drawing等。
(6).动词+ment→名词
move→movement
注意:rob→robbery
please→pleasure die→death
think→thought
5
know→knowledge
appear→appearance
disappear→disappearance
dry→drought fly→flight
weigh→weight等。
现在分词:
(1).动词+ing→形容词
follow→following
develop→developing
interest→interesting
surprise→surprising
excite→exciting
miss→missing
relax→relaxing
6
amaze→amazing
move→moving
follow→following
tire→tiring bore→boring
sleep→sleeping
smile→smiling
frighten→frightening 等。
(2).动词+(e)d→形容词
bore →bored
close→closed use→used
develop→developed
hurry→hurried
worry→worried
crowd→crowded
7
please→pleased
interest→interested
surprise→surprised
frighten→frightened
break→broken
pollute→polluted
dry→dried
relax→relaxed
tire→tired close→closed
注意: lose→lost
please→pleasant
enjoy→enjoyable fill→full
die→dead sleep→asleep
wake→awake
8
forget→forgetful
open→open
imagine→imaginative
empty→empty dry→dry
wake→awake
attract→attractive等。
1. The doctor hasn’t
allowed you _______
(get) out of bed.
2. They haven’t
decided where _______
(spend) the holiday.
3. Mike wasn’t tall
enough _______(reach)
9
the clock on the wall.
4. I’m sorry ____
(trouble) you, but
could you show me how
____(use) the
machine?
5、My brother is much
than you. (young)
6、I think my car is as
as yours. (nice)
7、This box is the of
the three. (heavy)
8、Lesson One is much
than Lesson Two. (easy)
10
9、I feel much today.
(ill)
10. He’s my favourite
_________(sing).
11. (class)
finish at five in the
afternoon.
12. My father is a bus
(drive).
13 Zhen Zidan is a famous
(act).
14. They live (居住) in a tall
_______ (build).
15. —Jim, is your mother a
11
bus (drive)? —No,
it isn’t.
16.We were all
(please) during the
(please) trip.
17.At his (eighty)
birthday party, the old
man told us a story
about his own
experience.
18Listen, someone
________________(sing) in
the next room.
19.Steve with Tina
12
________(read) under the
tree now.
20.My mother often goes
_________(shop) near my
home.
21.He usually ____(go) to
the beach. Next Sunday he
________(go) to the beach.
22.My friend
________(like) flowers
23._________(look)at the
dog,please.
24. There __________(be )
a book and two magazines
13
on the desk.
25.What about
_______(watch) TV at
home today?
26.I can (talk)
with my friends in
English.
27、Kate draws in our
class. (well)
29.We should do our best to
prevent the water from
(pollute).
30.The stamp
(show) to the girl as soon as
14
she (arrive).