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初中英语语法---介词专题(含练习)

专题复习---介词

（一）介词的含义：

介词是一种虚词，是英语中最活跃的词类之一，主要用来表示时间、地点、目的、原因、程度和方式等。在句子中不能单独作任何成分。

（二）介词的分类

1. 简单介词。例如：

in, from, about, at, over, on, under, past

2. 复合介词。例如：

without, onto, outside, within, into; inside

3. 短语介词。例如：

because of, in front of, instead of

（三）常见介词的用法

1. 表示时间的介词的用法：

1）表示“在何时”常用介词at, in, on。

（1）at 一般用来表示在某一具体的时间点。例如：

at seven 在七点钟

at the age of 在……岁时

at the beginning of 在……的开始

（2）in 表示年、季节、月、周、上午、下午、晚上等。

in 2012 在2012年

in summer 在夏天

in October 在10月

in a week/ in two weeks 在一周之内，在两周之内

in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/ 下午/ 晚上

（3）用来表示具体的某一天，如果专指某一天的上午、下午、晚上，要用on 例如：

on Sunday 在星期日

on Sunday morning 在星期日的早上

on the morning of June 1st 在6月1日的早上

on a cold winter night 在一个寒冷的冬夜

状元典例1

( )1.The earthquake which happened in Yushu ______ 14th April, 2010 was a big disaster.

A. at

B. on

C. in

D. to

( )2.The car accident happened ______ a cold winter morning. Luckily, no one was hurt.

A. in

B. on

C. at

D. of

( )3.The famous writer William Shakespeare was born ______1564.

A. in

B. on

C. at

D. of

2）表示“在……期间”，常用介词during, from…to…。

（1）during “在……期间”。例如：

during the summer holiday 在暑假期间

during the night 在夜间

（2）from …to…表示“从……到……”例如：

from Monday to Friday 从周一到周五

from 7 o’clock to 9 o’clock 从7点到9点

3）其他表示时间的介词，例如：before, after, since, for, until, by, past, to。

（1）

I’ll be free before 7 o’clock tomorrow. 我明天7点前会有空。

We have known each other since I was a little boy.

They have lived here for ten years.

(3)until (till)“直到……”，常用not…until…“直到……才……”，until后接点时间。

He will wait for me until 11 o’clock.

They didn’t stop until midnight.

（4）by “到……前；截止到……”，常用于完成时。

He has finished his homework by 5 o’clock yesterday afternoon.

We had learned eight hundred words by the end of last week.

状元典例

It’s said he stayed there quietly _____ two o’clock that afternoon.

A. on

B. at

C. until

D. by

ten past two 2:10

ten to two 1:50

注意：

在this, that, last, next, every等词前不加介词。例如：

last night 昨天晚上

this morning 今天早上

2. 表示地点，方位的介词的用法

in in +大地点

at at+小地点

in Shanghai 在上海

in the south 在南方

at the gate 在大门口

at the end of the road 在路的尽头

2）on, ov er & above “在……上”

on “在……上面”与物体表面有接触

over “在……正上方”垂直于正上方，表示“跨

越，覆盖”

above “在……上方”在某物上方，位置高于

某

物

The lamp is over the table. 灯在桌子的正上方。

The heaven is above us.苍天在上。

under “在……下方”表示正下方

below “在……下面” “低于……”与above意思相反

The temperature will stay above zero in the day-time, but at night it will fall below zero again.

白天的气温在零度以上，但是到了晚上气温会降到零度以下。

词义用法图示

before 在……前面（1）当指空间位置时，与in front

of的含义相同。

（2）多与抽象概念连用；表

示顺序在前。

无

Infront of 在……前面

指一个物体在另一个物体的

前方。

A is in front of B.

in the

front of 在……前部

指一个物体包含在另一个物

体的内部的前方。

A is in the front of B.

She stood before her teacher, not knowing what to say.

There is a big tree in front of the classroom.

There is a desk in the front of the classroom.

教室的前部有一张桌子。（桌子包含在教室里）

状元典例

—Why are you standing there, Maggie?

—I can’t see the blackboard clearly. T wo tall boys are sitting ______ me.

A. behind

B. in front of

C. beside

D. next to

5)between, among & in the middle of

词义用法between “在……之间”常指“两者之间”。

among “在……中间”指“三者或三者以上”的同类事物

之间。

in the middle of “在……中间”强调在一处地方的中心或中心附近的位置

I couldn’t find him among the crowd. 我在人群中找不到他。

There is a big sofa in the middle of the house. 在房子的中间有一张大沙发。

7) near, by, beside & around

near “在……附近”（有一定的距离）

by “在……旁”（相对距离较近）

beside “在……旁边”

around “在……周围”

The children are playing near the river.

孩子们正在河边玩耍。（暗指孩子们与河有一定的距离）

He is fishing by the river.他正在河边钓鱼。（强调他与河距离很近）

He sat in the chair beside the door.他坐在门边的一张椅子上。

The children gathered around the teacher.孩子们围在老师的身边。

8) outside & inside

outside “在……外面”

inside “在……里面”

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