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2012年成人学士学位英语语法

2012年成人学士学位英语语法
2012年成人学士学位英语语法

2012年成人学士学位英语语法常考

句型

(1)主语+不及物动词+现在分词/过去分词

说明:1.本句型中的谓语动词由不及物动词充当,分词作状语。

2.现在分词短语作状语时通常表示主语正在进行的另一个动作,起陪衬或修饰作用。

3.过去分词(短语)作状语时,主要修饰谓语动词,表示动作发生的背景与情况。

4.现在分词/过去分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子是一致的。

例:a)They sat facing each other.他们面对面地坐着。

b)He lay on the grass enjoying the sunshine.他躺在草地上享受阳光。

c)Frustrated,he went back to his home village.他大失所望,回到家乡去。

d)Supported by the people,our troops struck back with guns and grenades.在人民的支持下,我军以步枪和手榴弹进行了反击。

(2)主语+及物动词+动词不定式

说明:1.本句型中宾语由动词不定式充当。

2.本句型中的动词不定式可用被动式和完成式。

3.本句型中的动词不定式可在to 前加not或never表示否定。

4.可接动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:expect,hope,want,wish,apply,ask,manage,arrage,prepare,agree,promise,trouble,hilp,decline,choose,fail等。

例:a)He would admire to be a pilot.他喜欢当飞行员。

b)The scientist claims to have discovered a new planet.这位科学家宣称发现了一颗新的行星。

c)They pretended not to see us.他们佯装没有看见我们。

(3)主语+及物动词+动名词

说明:1.本句型中的宾语由动名词充当。

2.动名词因为具有动词特征,故可带有自己的宾语。

3.动名词可用于否定式和完成式

4.只能跟动名词作宾词的动词

主要有:avoid,escape,miss,

advise,suggest,forbid,prevent,

delay,postpone,admit,deny,

recall,report,dislike,enjoy等。

例:a)At last she accepted

marryinhg him.她最后同意和他结婚

了。

b)I can‘t afford going to visit my

sick sister.我抽不出时间去看望我生

病的姐姐。

c)I would advise not buying the

house.我建议不要买这幢房子。

(4)主语+及物动词+名词/代词+

不带的to的动词不定式

说明:用于本句型的动词不定式

有两类:一是感官动词see,find,

hear,notice,watch,smell,

observe,look at,listen to等;二是

某些使役动词,如let,make,have

等。

例:a)I‘ve never known him tell

lies.我从来没有听说他说谎。

b)Mother let me go to camp.母亲

让我去参加露营。

(5)主语+及物动词+名词/代词+

现在分词

说明:1.现在分词表示一是正在

进行的延续性动作或可以不断地反

复进行的短暂性动作;二是开始进行

的动作。

2.本句型的宾语与宾语补足语

具有逻辑上的主谓关系。

3.常用于本句型的及物动词有:

discover,feel,find,hear,keep,

look at,leave,observe,paint,see,

send,show,start,take等。

例:a)The bell brought people

gathering on the square.铃声使人们在

广场上集结。

b)She heard the wind blowing and

the rain pattering against the windows.

她听到了刮风和雨点打在窗子上的

声音。

(6)That+句子

说明:1.本句型用于表示没有实

现的愿望。

2.That后的句子要用虚拟式。

3.that在本句型中是连词,可视

为“I wish that——”,“I regard that

——”,“I wonder that——”等的省

略。

例:a)That I had never met him.

我希望从来没见过他。

b) That he should do such a thing!

他竟会干出这种事情来!

考点:程度副词

答案:D

应改为:still more

解释:程度副词still修饰比较级

more时,应置于其前

几点参考规则:

1. 多数副词放在修饰的动词之

后,若动词有宾语则放在宾语之后,

如:

She sings very well.

I met your uncle(动词的宾语)

just now.

I met just now your uncle (错)

2. 副词修饰形容词、介词短语、

副词时常放在被修饰成分之前,如:

These two are only slightly

different.

right after this, very smoothly 当

然,副词enough是一个例外,要放

在修饰成分的后面,如:

I am not good enough to do this

job. (对)

I am not enough good to do this

job. (错)

3. 表示频率的副词常放在实意

动词之前,be动词之后,如:

He often/ always/

rarely/seldom/never play(实意动词)

tennis.

He is always here at 8’clock. (be

动词之后)

4. 部分副词的位置没有一定的

规定,原则上接近被修饰词即可,如:

only, even, still, perhaps, etc.

第四节容易混淆的词

hard (努力,副词) -hardly (几乎

不,副词)

close (接近,形容词) -closely(接

近,副词)

near (接近,形容词) -nearly (几

乎,副词),nearby (adj.邻近的)

most (大多数的,形容词)

-mostly(主要地,大部分副词)

late (迟、晚,形容词) -lately (最近,副词),later(adv 稍后的)

high (高的,形容词) -highly (adv. 非常,大大的)

另外:friendly(友好的),lovely(可爱的、有趣的),尽管词尾有ly, 但是都是形容词作主语:不定式短语可作主语

如:To see is to believe (百闻不如一见)

To work hard should be your major concern.

注意:由于英文不习惯句子主语过长,不定式主语常被形式主语it 所代替(详见第十七章)

例如上面第二句可以变为:It should be your major concern to work hard. 又如:It is very nice of you to help me

不定式常接在名词之后作定语,如something to read, nothing to do, anything to decla re, a lot to complain of, the right person to talk to, etc.

由上述例子不难看出不定式和被修饰词间有动宾关系,因此不及物动词之后必须加上相搭配的介词(例如上面的complain + of, talk +to)不定式定语还可表示将来的含义,如:in the years to follow, the meeting to be held in June

独立主格的主语和句子主语不一致

如:(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldn’t utter a word. (独立主格)

对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致:

Filling his mouth with water, he couldn’t utter a word.

在TOEFL考试中,经常混淆反身代词的写法,结尾的-self和-selves 经常故意写错反身代词的用法

可以用来做宾语:He hurt himself when he fell.

可以用来做表语:He is not quite himself today. (他今天有些不舒服)

反身代词经常放在名词或者代名词的后面来进行强调, 表示“亲自”的意思

I myself do it.

I do it myself.

They made the research themselves.

高中英语语法系统全解【珍藏版】

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Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。 c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态 This cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很软。 I love classical music. 我喜欢古典音乐。 The President still seems able to find time to go fishing. 看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。 d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 The meeting begins at 7:00. 会议七点钟开始。 We leave here at 8:00 sharp. 我们八点整离开这里。 e. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作 When you come next time, bring me some magazines. 你下次来时,给我带几本杂志。 If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话,我们明天去那里。 Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. 不管他同意与否,我都会待在家里。 ②一般现在时的特殊用法 a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中 China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful 中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功 Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow 劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科 b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中 Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.

(完整版)成人学士学位英语单词(史上最全)

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