break
真题
20070401
It is difficult to _____ the implication between the lines.
A. get to
B. get with
C. get at
D. get down
20050407
I thought the problem of water shortage would _____ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it.
A. come up
B. come up to
C. come over
D. come to
20030401
It took a long time for her to _____ the fact that her husband was dismissed.
A. come up against
B. come up to
C. come up with
D. come to terms with
真题
20061004：14B
Let’s _____ personal feelings in making judgment.
A. set off
B. set aside
C. set back
D. set up
20070408
Having decided to rent a flat, we _____ contacting housing agencies in the city.
A. set about
B. set down
C. set out
D. set up
真题
20061001
The fixed star was _____ a planet.
A. made of
B. made from
C. made up for
D. mistaken for
真题
20061006
Since the boss cannot _______ profit, works have an edge.
A.do with
B.do without
C.do away with
D.d o one’s best
真题
真题
20050406
Hey, leave_____! I hate people touching my hair.
A. behind
B. out
C. off
D. over
真题
20041014
And every day, he used shortwave radio to broadcast to the Belgian people, calling _____ them to resist the German occupies.
A. up
B. out
C. on
D. off
真题
20040404
Gazing into his eyes, she seemed to have _____ all he said.
A. taken up
B. taken over
C. taken off
D. taken in
真题20030405：7A
As activity carried _____ as one thinks fit in one’s spare time, leisure has se veral functions.
A. on
B. out
C. off
D. over
真题
20020406
When the city was _____, everyone knew that total defeat was certain.
A. cut off
B. cut down
C. cut across
D. cut out
附：
Call
call after 追在…的后面喊
call back 叫回来，收回(错话等) call for 要求，需要，提倡
call forth 唤起，引起
call off 叫走，叫开
call on 访问；号召；呼吁
call up 征召(服役)，动员Come
come about 发生
come across来到；偶遇
come at 袭击；达到；得到come by 从旁走过；得到
come down 败落
come down on 批评；惩罚
come forth 出来；涌现
come into 进入；得到；继承
come of 出身于；由…引起
come off (计划等)实现；举行
come on (劝说等)来吧；开始
come out 出版；传出；显现
come round (非正式的)来访；绕道come through 经历(困难)；获得成功come to 苏醒；共计；达到
come up 走近；(从土中)长出
come up against 碰到(困难、反对等) come up to 达到；符合
come up with 追上；提出
Go
go about 从事，着手做
go after 追逐，追求；设法得到
go all out 全力以赴
go along with 赞同；支持
go around (消息)流传；供应
go back on 违背，毁(约)
go by 走过，放过；依照
go down 下去；(船等)下沉
go for 为…去；努力获取
go in for 从事于；酷爱
go into 进入；投入；调查
go off 离去；去世；被发射
go off with 拿去；抢走；拐走
go on 继续下去，进行；接近
go over 检查；从头至尾温习
go through 经历；完成；检查
go up 上升；(物价等)上涨
go with 与…相配；伴随
Make
make away (急忙)离去；逃走
make away with 携…而逃；摧毁；浪费make down 改小(衣服)
make for 走向，向…前进
make off with 携…而逃
make out 开列；书写；辩认出
make out of 用…制造出；理解
make over 把(财产)转让；改造
make up 拼凑；组成；补偿
make up for 补偿，弥补
make up to 接近；巴结；讨好
Set
set about 开始；散布；着手
set apart 使分离
set aside留出；宣告无效；驳回；废止
set back (把钟等)往回拨；推迟；阻碍；使挫折set down 记下；登记；放下
set forth 动身；阐明；宣布
set off 动身，出发；使爆炸
set out 动身；开始；打算
set up 开办；建立；设立
Take
take after 与…相象
take apart 拆开(机器等)
take away 拿走，夺去
take down 取下；记下；拆卸
take for 认为，以为；误认为
take off 拿走；脱下(衣帽等)
take on 呈现(面貌)；装出
take out 拿出；去掉；扣除
take over 占据；接任(职位)
take to 开始；对…产生好感
take up 占去，拿起；开始从事
Turn
turn away 走开；把脸转过去
turn down 关小，调低；拒绝
turn in 转身进入；拐入；交出
turn into 进入；使成为
turn off 关(水源等)
turn on 开，旋开(电灯等)
turn out 生产；证明；驱逐；翻转
turn over 翻过来
turn to 变成；求助于；着手
turn up 出现；找到；证明是
Agree
agree on 就…达成一致意见
agree to 同意，商定
agree with 同意；适合
Apply
apply for 提出申请(或要求等) apply...to 把…应用于
apply to 将…应用于
Blow
blow off 吹掉，将(热水等)放出blow out 吹熄(灯火等)
blow over 经过；(云等)吹散
blow up 给(轮胎等)打气；爆炸Bring
bring about 导致；带来
bring back 带回来，使恢复
bring down 降低(温度等)；使倒下bring forward 提出(建议等)；显示bring in 生产；介绍引进
bring out 使…显示出来；公布bring through 救活(病人)
bring up 抚养；教育；提出(供讨论) Carry
carry back 运回；使回想起
carry off 拿走，夺去…的生命
carry on 继续开展，坚持下去
carry out 进行(到底)，开展
carry through 进行(到底)；贯彻Cast
cast about for 搜索，寻觅
cast aside 消除，抛弃；废除
cast back 回想，追溯
cast oneself on 委身于，指望
Cut
cut across 抄近路，对直通过
cut back 修剪(树枝等)；削减
cut down 砍倒；消减；缩短
cut into 侵犯(利益等)；打断
cut off 切掉；切断
cut out 切掉；删掉；停止
cut through (抄近路)穿过；穿透
cut up 切碎；齐根割掉
Do
do away with 废除，去掉
do by 对待(某人)
do down 胜过；欺骗
do for 对…有效
do up 束起；收齐整；包扎
do with 忍受；对付
do without 没有…也行
Draw
draw away 拉开；引开；离开
draw aside 拉到一边
draw back 拉起；退却；缩回
draw in 近了；接近黄昏；(火车、汽车)进站draw into 使卷入；(车船等)驶进, 开到draw on 吸收；利用；戴上
draw out 拉长；掏出(手帕等)
draw up 起草，制订
Drop
drop by 顺便走访，非正式访问
drop off 睡着；(让…)下车
drop on 训斥，惩罚
drop out 退出，退学；放弃
drop over 顺便来访
Fall
fall back on 求助于，转而依靠
fall behind 落在后面，跟不上
fall for 爱上，迷恋；受骗
fall in with 偶尔遇到；同意，赞许fall into 陷于；河流注入
fall out 争吵；闹翻；结果
fall out of 放弃(习惯等)
fall through 失败，成为泡影
fall to 开始攻击，开始吃
fall under 受到(影响等)；被列为
Get
get about 走动；旅行
get across 使通过，使被理解
get after 督促，训诫；责备
get ahead 进步；胜过，超过
get ahead of 超过，胜过
get along 相处融洽；进展
get along with 与…友好相处；有进展get around to 找时间做，开始考虑get around 规避(法律等)；走动
get at 到达；了解；查明
get away 逃脱；离开；出发
get away with 侥幸做成；侥幸得手get by 通过；走过，侥幸躲过
get down 从…下来；写下
get down to 开始认真考虑对待
get in 收获；收(税等)；抵达
get into 对…发生兴趣；卷入
get off 下车；离开；开始
get on 骑上(马等)；过活
get on to 知道；意识到
get on with 与…友好相处；继续干get out 离去；(消息等)泄漏
get out of 逃避；摆脱；改掉
get over 克服(困难等)
get through 到达；完成；接通电话get up 起床；爬上；达到
get up to 赶上；胜过；读到
Give
give away 泄露(秘密等)
give back 归还；恢复；后退
give in 投降；交上去；听任
give off 发出或放出(蒸气等)
give out 分发；发出(气味等) give over (使)停止；放弃
give up 放弃；投降；抛弃
Hold
hold back踌躇；阻止；抑制
hold down压制；抑制；缩减hold in约束；抑制
hold on继续；不挂断；坚持
hold out伸出；维持；阻止
hold up举起；支撑；阻挡
Keep
keep away 站开；使离开
keep back 留在后；阻止；隐瞒keep down 控制；压服；缩减开支keep from 阻止；使免于；隐瞒keep off 避开；不让…接近
keep on 继续进行，反复地做keep out of 躲开，(使)置身…之外keep to 坚持；固守(习惯等) keep under 压制；控制
keep up 继续；坚持，维持
keep up with 跟上，不落后
Lie
lie down 躺下；(故意)躺下不干lie in 在于；分娩；睡懒觉
lie on 依赖；压迫；折磨(人)
lie over 等待以后处理
lie up 卧床；(船)入坞
Look
look after 照顾；负责处理
look at 看着；注视；察看
look back 回顾；回想
look down on 蔑视，看不起
look for 寻找，寻求；指望
look forward to 盼望，期待；
look in 看望，顺便访问
look into 观察；调查；窥视
look on 旁观；观看；面向
look out 留神；朝外看；照料look over 从…上看过去；检查look round 掉头看；察看
look through (从头至尾)浏览；温习look to 照管；留心；指望
look up 向上看；查出
look up to 尊敬，敬仰
Let
let alone 不干涉；不碰
let down 降低；使…失望
let in 让…进入；放…出来
let off 放(炮)；开(枪)；宽恕
let out 放掉(水等)，发出
let up 减小；(雨等)渐渐停止Mark
mark down 记下；标低(商品)价目mark off 划分出
mark out 划分出；规划
mark out for 使…注定要
mark up 把…标出
Pass
pass away 消失；去世；终止pass by 走过；(时间)逝去
pass on 把…传给别人；转入pass out 失去知觉；分发
pass through 穿过；经历；遭受Pay
pay back 偿还(借款等)；回报
pay for 偿还；受到惩罚
pay off 还清(债款)
pay out 付出(款项等)
pay up 全部付清(钱)；付款
Put
put across 解释清；做成(交易) put aside 储存，保留
put away 把…收起；存，积攒put down 记下；镇压；杀死
put forward 提出(要求、事实等) put in 花费；正式提出
put off 推迟，拖延；阻碍
put on 穿上；上演；教唆
put out 熄灭；关(灯)；出版
put through 使穿过；使从事
put to (船只顺避风等而)靠岸
put up 举起；安装；张贴
put up with 忍受，容忍
Roll
roll around (时间)流逝
roll back 使退却
roll in 滚滚而来；蜂拥而来
roll into 滚进…；使为一体
roll out 辗平；铺开
roll up (烟雾)袅袅上升；卷起See
see about 负责处理(某事)；查看see off 为(某人)送行
see through 关心…；渡过难关see to 负责，注意，照料
see with 同意
Send
send away for 函购
send for 派人去请；召唤；索取send in 呈报；送…参加比赛send off 寄出；为…送行；解雇send out 发送；派遣；
send round 使传阅；发送；派遣
send up 发出；射出；呈递
Role Play —— Treasure Tom Mom Father Friend Scene 1 Narrator: Tom is a senior 3 student. But different from other students, he is an art student. That means only by working very hard in painting, can he have the chance to enter a good colledge . It was already 1 o’clock at night. But Tom is still painting. （头上绑一条白布，写着“FIGHTING!”） Mom: (with some banana, milk and walnut, come in) Oh, my dear son, let’s have a break and eat something ~ (take up the walnut) Walnut can make you become smarter ,（take up the banana ）, banana can make you have a good mood , and the milk…… Tom: (impatiently) Enough is enough! you are so noisy, mom. Could n’t you be quiet?...... Father: What’s going on out there?! (come to mother )How many times I have told you , don’t border him . Our son is gifted in painting. He is going to be a painter~! ……(notice what Tom has painted) Oh, shit! Tom: How do you know it ’s shit, Dad?!(excitedly) Father: What are you painting?! How many times I have told you, to be concentrated, concentrated!!……（被Tom 打断） Tom: (unhappy)I know ,I know, ……. leave me alone ,OK?! (When father and mother have gone ,Tom 抓头发。。。退场) Scene 2 Narrator: A year later, Tom entered an art university. Haven ’t seen his family for so long, Tom ’s homesick becomes more and more serious. Tom: (with photo in his hand , very sad ) Mom!Dad! I miss you !~ ……. Friend 1 : Hey~ guy, what’s wrong with you ? （notice the photo ）homesick ? (Tom , in an absent ,pay no attention to his friend) Friend 2 Girlfriend Narrator
英语中形似介词的副词小品词是一类比较特殊的词。它既有副词的某些特征，又具有介词的词形。它往往与前面的动词形成修饰和补充说明的语义关系，本身不能单独充当句子成分；它形似介词，又没有实体意义，却不能独自带宾语，与动词构成的是只有一个论元的单位述谓结构。 总介 在英语中，由动词和小品词（up,down,in,out,on,off,over,away）构成的动词短语很多，有时很难猜出它们的意义，笔者收集了常见的动词短语，通过分析小品词的意义，对这一类的短语进行分类，找出它们的规律，以便更好地掌握它们，注意有些短语意义很接近，这要结合例句和上下文掌握它们的用法。 举例 up 1）向上（toward or into a higher position） lift ~ 举起climb ~ 爬上come ~ 上升get ~ 起来stand ~ 站起来pick ~ 捡起draw ~ 升起grow ~ 长大hand ~ 拖起put ~ 举起send ~ 使上升rise ~ 升起look ~ 抬起头zip ~ 拉上hold ~ 举起pile ~ 堆起dig ~ 挖出take ~ 拿起build ~ 树立set ~ 建立 2）完成，结束（expressing completeness and finality) finish ~ 完成drink ~ 喝干eat ~ 吃光burn ~ 烧光wash ~ 洗净use ~ 用光fill ~ 装满pay ~ 付清settle ~ 解决lick ~ 甜净sum ~ 总结，open ~ 透露end ~ 结束let ~ 中止，减少draw ~ 停止close ~ 停止，关闭swallow ~ 吞没beat ~ 痛打cover ~ 掩盖break ~ 结束，分解wind ~ 结束 3）离开，消灭（expressing separation and destroy) break ~ 拆开，驱散cut ~ 切碎split ~ 分裂divide ~ 分割smash ~ 捣毁blow ~ 炸毁wither ~ 枯死tear ~ 撕碎give ~ 放弃fold ~ 垮台dry ~ 枯竭，干涸crack ~ 撞坏clutter ~ 使散乱litter ~ 乱丢杂物 4）增加，变强（to a state of greater activity,force,strength,power and degree. ⑴. mount ~ 增加pick ~ 振作，加快pluck ~ 振作turn ~ 开打，开大，出现shake ~ 震惊steam ~ 使发怒stir ~ 激起，搅起ease ~ 放松warm ~ 兴奋speak ~ 大声说heat ~ 变热total ~ 加总tense ~ 紧张gather ~ 收集speed ~ 加速screw ~ 振作build ~ 增大show ~ 显现cheer ~ 振作起来stir ~ 刺激work ~ 激动，刺激 ⑵. 用在带"-en"后缀的动词后（used after the verbs with suffix of -en） brighten ~ 发亮fatten ~ 发胖freshen ~使新鲜harden ~变硬sharpen ~ 变快smarten ~ 变精明strengthen ~ 加强sweeten ~ 变甜tighten ~ 使紧密toughen ~ 使强壮soften ~ 变软5）. 变好，改善（as to be better and proper) bring ~ 抚育check ~ 核对clear ~ 清理，晴天clean ~ 整理do ~ 整理patch ~ 修理polish ~ 擦亮，改进light ~ 点亮tune ~ 调整tidy ~ 整理rub ~ 擦亮train ~ 训练，培养make ~ 化装，和解，弥补buy ~ 囤积figure ~ 计算fix ~ 修理，整理take ~ 从事 6）关住，锁紧，固定住（firmly,tightly and closely) shut ~ 关闭lock ~ 锁住tie ~ 栓住chain ~ 锁住nail ~ 钉住fasten ~ 系住pin ~ 钉住bind ~ 装订bar ~ 关住block ~ 堵塞choke ~ 堵塞save ~ 存起来store ~ 贮藏stock ~ 储存cover ~ 掩盖wrap ~ 包住lay ~ 储存hold ~ 延误keep ~ 坚持 7）向说话人的方向（to the place where the speaker is） go ~ run ~ rush ~ drive ~ walk ~ catch ~ swim ~ march ~ come ~ down 1）向下的位置（to or into a lower position）
形容词和副词用法总结及练习 一、形容词： （一）概念：形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，通常分成两类： 1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。 2. 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词，大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。 例如：afraid, asleep, awake, alone, alive, awake, ashamed, alike。 其他常见表语形容词：worth, ready, sorry, well （二）形容词在句中的位置：有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置形容词；少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置形容词。 1）当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时，形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为： （限定词）→一般描绘性形容词→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词→（名词）。如： There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village. 2）【重点】当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时，或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的时候，便会出现后置形容词。如： The boy interested in music is my brother. Do you have anything interesting to tell us? 二、副词： （一）概念：用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。例如：not（不），here（这里），now（现在）。 不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。如： Have you read this book before? (副词，作时间状语) He will arrive before ten o’clock. （介词，before ten o’clock 是介词短语，作时间状语） （二）副词的种类 1、时间副词： 1）表示发生时间的副词：It’s beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了！ 2）表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词：always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前: She often changes her mind. 3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词：He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。 2、地点副词： 1）表示地点的副词：She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。 2）以where 构成的副词也是地点副词：It’s the same everywhere. 到处都一样。 3、【重点】方式副词 1）英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答how的问题）：How beautifully your wife dances. 2）表示情绪的副词：She smiled gratefully. 3）还有一些以-ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况：He left the town secretly. 4、【重点】程度副词和强调副词 1）程度副词可修饰动词，表示“到某种程度”：Is she badly hurt? 她伤得重吗？ [说明] 这类副词除修饰动词外，还可修饰形容词（a）或另一副词(b): a. fairly simple 相当简单quite correct 完全正确 干得很快 2 b. 修饰比较级：You sing much better than me. Their house is much nicer than ours. 5. 【重点】疑问副词和连接副词 1）疑问副词：疑问副词用来引导特殊问句： 2）连接副词：连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样，但都引导从句或与不定式连用： how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗？ where: I don’t know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。（引导宾语从句） 6. 一些其它类型的副词，如表示方向的副词：Let’s go ins ide. Take two steps forward. （三）副词的位置 1. 副词修饰动词时，通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如： Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首) I often get up at six. (句中) Please speak slowly. 2. 副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在形容词或副词的前面如： These flowers are quite beautiful. （在形容词前）这些花相当漂亮。
第七讲短语动词 概说：英语中的动词按其构成可分为单词动词(single-word verb)和短语动词(phrasal verb)。短语动词常常是两个词（一个动词+一个副词性小品）或两个以 上单词构成那个的动词。同一个动词后面可以有不同的副词性小品词，构成不同 意义的短语动词。 重点：短语动词的基本结构及其语态 难点：短语动词和动词短语的区别 内容： 一、短语动词的用法 短语动词用法普遍，尤其在非正式语言中： 我们可以说He awoke late the following morning .但这太正式了。 我们通常说He woke up late the following morning . 短语动词可表现为不同类型如下所示： Here is a page from Mr Jones` diary : Monday ,February 5th. *有些短语动词不带宾语： The car broke down .Cigarette prices are going up. *多数主短语动词可以带宾语，宾语通常在副词性小品词的前或后： 动词+副词性小品词+宾语动词+宾语+副词性小品词 I rang up a garage. I rang a garage up. 如果宾语较长，则通常放在副词之后： I filled in an application form.(不说I filled an application form in .) 如果宾语是代词，其结构通常如下： 动词+代词+副词性小品词 I put it down.(不说I put down it .) *有些短语动词是由三个词构成的（动词+副词性小品词+介词），这样，宾语就只能放在介词后面： I don’t get on with the people at work.
介词 ( ) 1 Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays. A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on ( ) 2 -There is nothing ____tomorrow afternoon, is there? -No. We can have a game of table tennis. A. on B. in C. out D. up ( ) 3 A lot of students in our school were born____March, 1981. A. in B. at C. on D. since ( )4 We returned to our hometown___. A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week ( ) 5 ____ a cold winter morning, I met her in the stfeet. A. In B. On C. At D. For ( ) 6 He went to Shanghai___ September 3, 1991 and came back___ a cold morning last year. A. in; on B. on; in C. on; on D. in; in ( ) 7A group___ boys and girls are dancing in the park. A. with B. of C. for D. to ( ) 8 I worked on the problem ____ a long time and I worked it out____myself____ last. A. for; by; at B. in; with; on C. on; by; in D. for; for; at the ( ) 9 Mr Brown had lain ____ the ground ____ four hours before they finally found him. A. on; for B. at; in C. on; after D. in; during ( ) 10 The teacher is coming back___ an hour. A. after B. for C. in D. before ( ) 11 The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won ____ the end. A. by B. at C. in D. on ( ) 12 They didn't leave the station___ they get on the train. A. until B. by C. after y D. at 13( ) 1 ___ Tom gets up at five in the morning. A. Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Some times ( ) 2 I remember we met each other___ last year. A. Sometime B. some times C. some time D. sometimes ( ) 3 Mary and I have been to the Great Wall ___. A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times ( ) 14 There are many trees ___ of the road! And ____ of the trees is growing larger and larger. ...... A. on both side; a number B. on each sides; a number C. on both sides; the number D. on every side; the number ( ) 15Tom sits ____the classroom while John sits ____the room. A. in front of; at back of B. in the front of; at the back of C. in front of; at the back of D. in the front of; at back of ( ) 16 He put up a map ___ the back wall because there was a hole ___ it. A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at ( ) 17 There are some birds singing___ the trees.
大学生英语话剧剧本Michael: 泽泓Scolfield: 仲铨Lincoln: 桂帆T-bag: 捷驰宿舍3人：M：（reading book) rules for students the book is so hard to understand,it's a little boring..Scolfield,what are you doing ? S: (刚开始没应答，忙于dota) - 大学生英语话剧剧本 Michael: 泽泓 Scolfield: 仲铨 Lincoln: 桂帆 T-bag: 捷驰 宿舍 3人： M：（reading book) "rules for students" the book is so hard to understand,it's a little boring..Scolfield,what are you doing ? S: (刚开始没应答，忙于dota) i'm dota ing...Oh,no..I lost again(中文说：队友不给力啊). what a day! I lost five times today.I couldn't dota any more..And Lincoln ,what are you busy with ?大学生英语话剧剧本 L: nothing,just watching video. M: which kind of video are you watching ?I guess it's American,right? L: Yeah,American .. of course.clever boy,you know I like American movies very much. but this movie I'm watching is not that funny.Hey..guys,it's holiday ,is there any fun we can have? S: Say..I remember there's a party tonight at E502. M: Oh,yes,I almost gorget it.there's a fellowship gathering tonight,which can be a good chance to make some friends..you know.. L: with some beautiful girls,right? S: Yeah,that's really wonderful,you know ,I like this kind of gathering party..pretty girls are everywhere.. M & L :haha..we know what you mean. L : all right.it's a deal.four of us should go to the party together. M: OK..but where is T-bag ？ S: T-bag.. T-bag 进来 L: T-bag,where have you been? M: we have a good news . S: Yeah,there's a party tonight,and we can have fun ,would you come with us? T-bag: (装悲剧ing..)sorry ,I don't want to,I'm not in a good mood.
短语动词和动词短语 一。动词短语 动词短语的搭配可分为下列六种基本类型。 1．动词+副词 1）作及物动词，例： He brought up his children strictly． 从以上的例句中可以看出，在“动词+副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况：宾语如是名词， 则可置于副词后面，亦可置于动词和副词之间。而如果宾语是代词，只能置于动词后面，即 动词和副词之间。 2）作不及物动词，例： Something unexpected has turned up． 出现了令人意外的情况。（turn up=appear） 3）既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，例： The barrel of gunpowder blew up．（不及物）火药桶爆炸了。 The soldiers blew up the bridge．（及物）士兵们把桥炸毁了。 2．动词+介词 动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词，宾语总是在介词后面，例： I don’t much care for television．我不很喜欢电视。（care for=like） 3．动词+副词+介词 在这类动词短语中，动词、副词、介词紧密结合，是动副词组和动介词组的合成体，词义上 相当于一个及物动词。它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点，但宾语总是位于介词之后，例： We must work hard to make up for lost time．我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。（make up for＝ compensate） 4．动词+名词 这类动词短语中的常见动词是have，take，give，make等，后面的名词通常是从动词转化 而来的动作名词，并表达了短语动词的真正意义，例： Let’s have another try．让我们再试一下。（have a try=v．try） 5．动词+名词+介词 这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语总是位于介词之后，例： Keep an eye on the baby while I am out．我不在家时请照看一下小孩子。 6．be+形容词（包括过去分词作形容词）+介词 这类动词短语也相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后面，形容词是短语动词的真正词义，例： I know he is slow at understanding，but you have to be patient with him．我知道他理解力差，但你得对他耐心些。 二、短语动词 (1)短语动词常常是两个词（一个动词+一个副词性小品）构成，如：wake up , get up ,turn out 等。 (2)同一个动词后面可以有不同的副词性小品词，构成不同意义的短语动词。如：He turn on the radio .Bob turned out smiling.
高考英语阅读中常用小品词构成的动词短语在高考英语中，有动词和小品词（up, down, in, out, on, off, over, away）常构成动词短语，有时很难记住、理解它们的意义、运用难度大，本文收集了高考中常见的动词短语, 并且通过分析小品词的意义，对这一类的短语进行分类、归纳，发现它们的规律，以便考生能更好地掌握它们, 注意有些短语意义很接近，这要结合例句和上下文掌握它们的意义。 1.down 1) 向下的位置 cast down 扔下cut down砍倒get down 下来hand down 传下来knock down 撞倒lay down 放下let down 放下pour down 倾盆而下pull down 拉下set down 放下sit down 坐下step down 走下来throw down 扔下turn down 拆下take down 取下blow down 吹倒bring down 打倒sink down 沉落slip down 失足swallow down 吞下touch down 降落bend down 弯下kneel down 跪下lie down 躺下strip down 脱下 2) 减少 die down 变弱，逐渐停止go down 平静下来mark down 削减hold down 压低burn down (火)减弱, 烧坏slow down 慢下来burn down 烧掉bring down 降低keep down 缩减 3) 停止，减弱 close down 关闭drop down 突然停止break down 坏了，中止run down 停止settle down 平静下来cool down 冷静下来turn down 拒绝die down 停止lay down 失望put down 镇压 4) 紧紧地，牢牢地 fasten down 系牢chain down 链住，栓住hammer down 钉上tie down 栓住 5) 写下，记下(on paper or in writing) write down 写下copy down 抄下note down 记下take down 记下put down 记下get down 记下 2.in 1) 进入，向里 beat in 打进break in 闯入,插嘴breathe in 吸入burst in 闯入，打断drop in 偶然拜访fall in 跌入get in 插入，收进knock in 打入lead in 导入let in 进入，嵌入move in 迁入step in 走进settle in 迁入smuggle in 偷偷运进cut in 插嘴call in 来访involve in 卷入 2) 包围，关闭 close in 包围，封闭lock in 禁闭shut in 关进wall in 围住 3) 加入，记入 book in 登记check in 签到count in 记入fill in 填入hand in 交上take in 吸收send in 呈交 3.off
Today we perform opusculum 赵本山：带钱了，三万，带包没有啊 we have money ,thirty thousand yuan. don't you take the purse? 毛毛：我落在炕上了 I left it on the brick bed. 赵本山：给你办事，还落在炕上了 I do business to you,but you left it? 毛毛：兜里才70多元 I only have seventy yuan. 赵本山：我还有400 Here is 400 yuan. 毛毛：也不够啊 it's not enough. 赵本山：够不够都可以的 it doesn't matter. 赵本山：服务员 waiterss ! 小沈阳：你管谁叫姑娘，我是纯爷们 girl? I'm a real man. 赵本山：怎么穿裙子 why do you wear a skirt? 小沈阳：也不是裙子，这是七分裤，这有腿的，着急穿错了， it's not,this is a seventh trousers..Sorry,I wear wrong in a hurry .may I take your order? 赵本山：yes. 赵本山：你们这个酒店，如果要吃一顿饭，要多少钱。最贵的要点上要吃多 少钱 I want to know how much it cost to have a meal,including the most expensive dishes. 小沈阳：要一、二万元 about ten or twenty thousand yuan. 赵本山：是否有这样的情况，今天吃饭明天来结帐 can I have meals today but pay tomorrow?
兼类词 英语中有很多常用词可以用作两种或多种不同的词性，如：about可以用作副词和介词；hard可以用作形容词和副词，这种词叫兼类词。这类词意思也不相同，所以也是多词。 汉语里兼类词是指一个词有两种或两种以上的词性。 汉语里兼类词比较常见的有三种，一种是名词与动词的兼类词，比如“经历”；一种是名词与形容词的兼类词，比如“错误”；还有一种是形容词与动词的兼类词，比如“讨厌”。 兼类现象即词的兼类现象。指的是个别的词兼属于两个词类。在大多数情况下，一个词只属于一个词类，如“天”(名词)、“冷”(形容词)、“徒”(动词)、“再”(副词)等。但也有一小部分的词兼属两类。例如“科学”，属名词(“语言科学”、“科学价值”)，又属形容词(“研究方法不科学”)；又如“报告”，属动词(“报告上级”)。又属名词(“写一份报告”)。来探不同、意义不同的两个词用一个字表示，不能看作兼类。例如在古代，“云”(名词)和“云”(动词)不同，后来“云”简化为“云”，不能认为“云”兼属名词和动词两类；又如“打”字，既是动词(“打人”)，又是集体量词(“一打毛巾”)，但量词“打”是英语dozen 的译音，和动词“打”毫无关系(北京话两者声调也不同)，是两个词，不是兼类。即使同一字形的两种意义在历史上有一定的关系，只要这种关系已经比较远或一般人意识不到，虽然字形、字音相同，也应该看作不同的词，不应该看作兼类。例如，“钢刀”的“刀”和“一刀纸”的“刀”属同一来源。“该做不该做”的“该”和“该他五块钱”的“该”也属同一来源，但都是不同的词，不属于兼类现象。按这样的标准衡量，汉语词类中的兼类现象并不像一般人所想象的那样，成为汉语词类划分的严重障碍。 小品词 英语中形似介词的副词小品词是一类比较特殊的词。它既有副词的某些特征，又具有介词的词形。它往往与前面的动词形成修饰和补充说明的语义关系，本身不能单独充当句子成分；它形似介词，又没有实体意义，却不能独自带宾语，与动词构成的是只有一个论元的单位述谓结构。 展开 举例.1 up. 2 down.3 on.4 off. 5 in. 6 out. 7 over 重要性 1 总介 在英语中，由动词和小品词（up,down,in,out,on,off,over,away）构成的动词短语很多，有时很难猜出它们的意义，笔者收集了常见的动词短语，通过分析小品词的意义，对这一类的短语进行分类，找出它们的规律，以便更好地掌握它们，注意有些短语意义很接近，这要结合例句和上下文掌握它们的用法。 2 举例 2.1 up 1）向上（toward or into a higher position） lift ~ 举起climb ~ 爬上come ~ 上升get ~ 起来stand ~ 站起来pick ~ 捡起draw ~ 升起grow ~ 长大hand ~ 拖起put ~ 举起send ~ 使上升rise ~ 升起look ~ 抬起头zip ~ 拉上hold ~ 举起pile ~ 堆起dig ~ 挖出take ~ 拿起build ~ 树立set ~ 建立
动词短语搭配形式： 1．动词+副词 ①作及物动词，例： He brought up his children strictly． 从以上的例句中可以看出，在“动词+副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况： 宾语如是名词，则可置于副词后面，亦可置于动词和副词之间。 而如果宾语是代词，只能置于动词后面，即动词和副词之间。 ②作不及物动词，例： Something unexpected has turned up．出现了令人意外的情况。 （turn up=appear） ③既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，例： The barrel of gunpowder blew up．（不及物）火药桶爆炸了。 The soldiers blew up the bridge．（及物）士兵们把桥炸毁了。 2．动词+介词 动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词，宾语总是在介词后面，例： I don’t much care for television．我不很喜欢电视。（care for=like） 3．动词+副词+介词 在这类动词短语中，动词、副词、介词紧密结合，是动副词组和动介词组的合成体，词义上相当于一个及物动词。
它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点，但宾语总是位于介词之后，例：We must work hard to make up for lost time．我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。（make up for＝compensate） 4．动词+名词 这类动词短语中的常见动词是have，take，give，make等， 后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词，并表达了短语动词的真正意义，例： Let’s have another try．让我们再试一下。（have a try=v．try）5．动词+名词+介词 这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语总是位于介词之后， 例：Keep an eye on the baby while I am out．我不在家时请照看一下小孩子。 6．be+形容词（包括过去分词作形容词）+介词 这类动词短语也相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后面，形容词是短语动词的真正词义， 例：I know he is slow at understanding，but you have to be patient with him. 我知道他理解力差，但你得对他耐心些。
（一） 1、名词名词(Nouns）是词性的一种，也是实词的一种，是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。 2、代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。 3、动词，就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。基本上每个完整的子句都有一个动词，要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类。 4、形容词 形容词【adjective】很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征 5、冠词的定义冠词是置于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。冠词的分类冠词分为不定冠词"a，an"、定冠词"the"和零冠词三种 6、数词表示"多少"和"第几"的词,叫数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。数词分为基数词和序数词两种。表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。 7、副词(Adverb)副词的定义: 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
8、介词的定义和特征介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。 （二） 1、名词，人或事物的名称 3、代词，代替名词或者数词（比如some就是代替数目） 3、动词，动作或状态 4、数词，表示数目或顺序（比如序数词，5th就是表示顺序） 5、形容词，人或事物的性质或状态（因为形容词一般修饰名词） 6、副词，动作的特征或性状特征（因为副词一般修饰动词或形容词） 7、冠词，表示名词的泛指或特指 8、介词，表示名词或代词与其他词的关系（因为介词后面一半紧跟 名词，代词或其他名词性结构） 9、连词，连接词与词，短语与短语，句子与句子 10、感叹词，表示说话时的感情或语气
《荆珂刺秦王》 旁白：Long long ago, there was a crazy country, where some crazy people live, who are trying to show the crazy history by crazy ways. Mr Jingke was the most famous swordsman and was sent to kill king of Qing, “Yingzheng”. But finally he failed. Do you want to know what happened at that time? Okay, next show will tell you the truth. 很久以前，有一个疯狂的国家，在这个疯狂的国家有一些疯狂的人，试图用疯狂的方式展示疯狂的历史。荆轲是最有名的剑客并被派去杀清王，嬴政。但最后他失败了。你想知道当时发生了什么事？好吧，下面将会告诉你真相。 Action I 太子丹：Mirror, mirror, tell me, who is the most pretty man in the world? (画外音：It’s you, Prince Dan!) Thank u mirror! I’m Prince Dan, the magic mirror said I am the most attractive man in the world. But Ying Zheng is a jealous guy, I feel he will kill me if mirror told him the truth. I am so scared. So what can I do? Where is my minister? 镜子，镜子，告诉我，这个世界上最漂亮的人是谁？(画外音：是你，太子丹！)谢谢你的镜子！我是太子丹，魔镜说我是世界上最有吸引力的男人。但嬴政是一个嫉妒的家伙，我觉得如果镜子告诉他真相他会杀了我。我很害怕。我该怎么办呢？我大臣在哪里？ 阿三: Honey, I am coming. 亲爱的，我来了。 太子丹：I’ve told you again and again that you should call me “my most beautiful、graceful 、handsome、charming、cute、smart and dearest Prince Dan”! 我告诉过你一次又一次，你应该叫我“我最美丽的、优雅、英俊、迷人、可爱、聪明和最亲爱的太子丹”！ 阿三：Sure, honey! I have a good idea. We can find a hero to kill YingZheng~ 当然，亲爱的！我有一个好主意。我们可以找一个英雄去杀嬴政~ 太子：Oh yeah~~~. What is the most expensive commodity in this century? Talent! Good idea! But who is the right candidate? 欧耶！二十一世纪最需要的是什么，人才！好主意！但谁是合适的人选？ 阿三：After screening , I have two promising persons on hand. One is Miss LiMoChou, the other is Mr JingKe. Tomorrow they will PK for the NO1 killer of the world. 经过筛选后我手上有两个有前途的人。一是李莫愁小姐，另一个是荆轲先生。明天他们将PK为世界头号杀手。 太子：Well, show me the winner as soon as possible, OK? 好的，给我尽快得主，好吗？