语法术语

英语语法专业术语语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech单词word实词notional word虚词structural word名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable no 抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concrete noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interrogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possessive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite物主代词possessive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possessive形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentence否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence基本句型basic sentence pattern句子成分members of sentences 主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate object补语complement主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial句法关系syntactic relationship 并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form复数形式plural form规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form格case普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective case性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态voice主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation转移否定shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调rising tone降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English套语formulistic expression英国英语British English美国英语American English用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic动名词gerund连字号hyphen祈使语气imperative mood祈使句imperative sentences独立成分indefinite case主句indicative mood物质名词material nouns句子的成分members of the sentence 情态动词modal verbs语气mood词法morphology否定疑问句negative interrogative sentence动词的非限定形式non-finite forms of the verb非限制性定语从句non-restrictive attributive clauses 括号brackets名词的分类classification of nouns从句（分句）clauses同源宾语cognate object集体名词collective nouns冒号colon逗号comma普通格common case普通名词common nouns比较级comparative degree复合宾语complex Object复合句complex sentences并列复合句compound complex sentences表性状的复合谓语compound nominal predicate复合谓语compound predicate并列句compound sentences表行为的复合谓语compound verbal predicate合成词compound words合成compounding ( composition )错综时间条件句conditional sentences of mixed time 连词conjunction连接副词conjunctive adverbs连接代词conjunctive pronouns转化conversion并列连词co-coordinating conjunctions可数名词countable nouns破折号dash陈述句declarative sentences定冠词definite article比较的级别degrees of comparison指示代词demonstrative pronouns派生（词缀法）derivation ( affixation )描绘性定语descriptive attributes呼语direct address直接宾语direct object直接引语direct speech反意问句disjunctive questions省略ellipsis省略句elliptical sentences感叹号exclamation mark感叹句exclamatory sentences动词的限定形式finite forms of the verb虚词form words分数词fractional numerals完全倒装full inversion将来进行时future continuous一般将来时future indefinite将来完成时future perfect将来完成进行时future perfect continuous独立结构absolute constructions物主代词的绝对形式absolute forms of possessive pronouns 抽象名词abstract nouns主动语态active voice方式状语从句adverbial clauses of manner地点状语从句adverbial clauses of place目的状语从句adverbial clauses of purpose时间状语从句adverbial clauses of time程度副词adverbs of degree频度副词adverbs of frequency方式副词adverbs of manner地点副词adverbs of place时间副词adverbs of time选择问句alternative questions句子分析analysis of sentences省略号apostrophe同谓语appositive同位语从句appositive clauses助动词auxiliary verbs插入语parenthesis部分倒装partial inversion分词短语participial phrases分词participle小品词particle词类parts of speech过去式past forms过去分词past participle句号period ( full stop )人称person人称代词personal pronouns成语动词phrasal verbs谓语predicate表语predicative表语从句predicative clauses前缀prefix(es)介词短语prepositional phrases现在式present forms现在分词present participle动词的主要形式principal forms of verbs专有名词proper nouns标点符号punctuation问号question mark引号quotation mark相互代词reciprocal pronouns不定代词indefinite Pronouns关系副词relative adverbs关系代词relative pronouns限制性定语从句restrictive attributive clauses 自身代词self pronouns分号semicolon真实条件句sentences of real condition虚拟条件句sentences of unreal condition时态的呼应sequence of tenses特殊问句special questions虚拟语气subjunctive mood后缀suffix(es)最高级superlative degree句法syntax句型的转换transformation of sentences双部句two-member sentences不可数名词uncountable nouns动词短语verbal phrases名词化的动词verbal noun构词法word building。

常用英语语法术语表Grammatical-Terms常用英语语法术语表Grammatical Terms 1. 语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech实词notional word虚词structural word单纯词simple word派生词derivative复合词compound词性part of speech名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concret noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possesive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun物主代词possecive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form2.morphology词法notional实词form word虚词word-building构词法root词根prefix前缀suffix后缀synonym同义词antonym反义词conversion转化法derivation派生法affixation词缀法composition合成法compound复合词parts of speech词类noun名词pronoun代词numeral数词adjective形容词verb动词adverb副词article冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle引导词classification of nouns名词的分类common noun普通名词proper noun专有名词collective noun集合名词material noun物质名词abstract noun抽象名词countable noun可数名词personal pronoun人称代词possessive pronoun物主代词reflexive pronoun反身代词demonstrative pronoun指示代词interrogative pronoun疑问代词relative pronoun关系代词indefinite pronoun不定代词reciprocal pronoun相互代词case格nominative case主格objective case宾格possessive case所有格singular form单数形式plural form复数形式cardinal numeral基数词ordinal numeral序数词fraction numeral分数数词degrees of comparison比较级positive degree原级comparative degree比较级superlative degree最高级notional verb实义动词modal verb情态动词link verb连系动词auxiliary verb助动词transitive verb及物动词intransitive verb不及物动词regular verb规则动词irregular verb不规则动词finite verb限定动词non-finite verb非限定动词person人称number数gender性tense时态voice语态mood语气principal forms of verbs动词的主要形式present form现在形式past form过去形式participle分词present participle现在分词past participle过去分词infinitive不定式gerund动名词verbal noun动名词simple present tense一般现在时simple past tense一般过去时simple future tense一般将来时present continuous tense现在进行时past continuous tense过去进行时future continuous tense将来进行时past perfect tense过去完成时future perfect tense将来完成时present perfect continuous tense现在完成进行时future perfect continuous tense将来完成进行时sequence of tenses时态的呼应passive voice被动语态active voice主动语态indicative mood陈述语气imperative mood祈使语气subjunctive mood虚拟语气adverb of time 时间副词adverb of place地点副词adverb of manner方式副词adverb of degree程度副词adverb of frequency频度副词conjunctive adverb连接副词definite article定冠词indefinite article不定冠词coordinating conjunction并列连词subordinating conjunction从属连词syntax句法declarative sentence陈述句imperative sentence祈使句exclamatory sentence感叹句interrogative sentence疑问句general question一般疑问句special question特殊疑问句alternative question选择疑问句disjunctive question反意疑问句simple sentence简单句compound sentence并列句语法术语Grammar Terms 语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech实词notional word虚词structural word名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concrete noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence 陈述句declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentence否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence基本句型basic sentence pattern句子成分members of sentences主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate object补语complement主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial句法关系syntactic relationship 并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form复数形式plural form规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form格case普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective case性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态voice主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation转移否定shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调rising tone降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English感情色彩emotional coloring 褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic。

英语语法大招100条1. 主谓一致：主语和谓语动词在人称和数上要保持一致。

2. 时态一致：在一篇文章或句子中，使用一致的时态来表达。

3. 词性一致：在句子中，相同的词性要一致，例如形容词和名词的搭配。

4. 冠词的使用：了解不定冠词（a/an）和定冠词（the）的用法。

5. 代词的正确使用：清楚代词的主格、宾格和所有格形式。

6. 句子结构多样性：尽量使用不同的句子结构，包括简单句、复合句和复杂句。

7. 虚拟语气：学会正确使用虚拟语气表达与事实相反的假设、愿望等情感。

8. 主动语态和被动语态：熟练掌握主动语态和被动语态的使用。

9. 非限定性定语从句：学会使用逗号和关系代词来构建非限定性定语从句。

10. 连接词的使用：使用适当的连接词来连接句子和段落，增强文章的连贯性。

11. 比较和最高级：了解形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的规则。

12. 条件句：理解条件句的不同类型，如零条件句、一般条件句和虚拟条件句。

13. 不定式和动名词：区分不定式和动名词的使用情境。

14. 反身代词：正确使用反身代词，并理解其在句子中的作用。

15. 情态动词：理解情态动词的用法，如can、could、may、might等。

16. 固定搭配：记住一些常见的固定搭配，提高表达的自然度。

17. 分词和动名词作主语：了解分词和动名词作主语的结构。

18. 独立主格结构：学会使用独立主格结构，丰富句子结构。

19. 名词性从句：熟悉名词性从句的类型，如主语从句、宾语从句等。

20. 直接引语和间接引语：学会转述他人的话语，正确使用引号。

21. 插入语的使用：了解插入语在句子中的作用，如感叹句、注释等。

22. 定语从句：熟练使用定语从句来修饰名词。

23. 名词和形容词的复数形式：理解名词和形容词的复数形式及其规则。

24. 分号和冒号的使用：了解分号和冒号的正确使用方式。

25. 数字的书写：注意阿拉伯数字和英文写法的正确搭配。

26. 反问句：使用反问句来引起注意或征求对方意见。

常用英语语法术语表达语法 grammar句法 syntax词法 morphology结构 structure层次 rank句子 sentence从句 clause词组 phrase词类 part of speech单词 word实词 notional word虚词 structural word单纯词simple word派生词derivative复合词compound词性part of speech名词 noun专有名词 proper noun普通名词 common noun可数名词 countable noun不可数名词 uncountable noun抽象名词 abstract noun具体名词 concrete noun物质名词 material noun集体名词 collective noun个体名词 individual noun介词 preposition连词 conjunction动词 verb主动词 main verb及物动词 transitive verb不及物动词 intransitive verb系动词 link verb助动词 auxiliary verb情态动词 modal verb规则动词 regular verb不规则动词 irregular verb短语动词 phrasal verb限定动词 finite verb非限定动词 infinite verb使役动词 causative verb感官动词 verb of senses动态动词dynamic verb静态动词 state verb感叹词 exclamation形容词 adjective副词 adverb方式副词 adverb of manner程度副词 adverb of degree时间副词 adverb of time地点副词 adverb of place修饰性副词adverb of adjunct连接性副词 adverb of conjunct疑问副词 interrogative adverb关系副词 relative adverb代词 pronoun人称代词 personal pronoun物主代词 possessive pronoun反身代词 reflexive pronoun相互代词 reciprocal pronoun指示代词 demonstrative pronoun疑问代词 interrogative pronoun关系代词 relative pronoun不定代词 indefinite pronoun名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun冠词 article定冠词 definite article不定冠词 indefinite article数词 numeral基数词 cardinal numeral序数词 ordinal numeral分数词 fractional numeral形式 form单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form限定动词 finite verb form非限定动词 non-finite verb form原形 base form从句 clause从属句 subordinate clause并列句 coordinate clause名词从句 nominal clause定语从句 attributive clause状语从句 adverbial clause宾语从句 object clause主语从句 subject clause同位语从句 appositive clause时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition句子 sentence简单句 simple sentence并列句 compound sentence复合句 complex sentence并列复合句 compound complex sentence陈述句 declarative sentence疑问句 interrogative sentence一般疑问句 general question特殊疑问句 special question选择疑问句 alternative question附加疑问句 tag question反义疑问句 disjunctive question修辞疑问句 rhetorical question感叹疑问句 exclamatory question存在句 existential sentence肯定句 positive sentence基本句型 basic sentence patern否定句 negative sentence祈使句 imperative sentence省略句 elliptical sentence感叹句 exclamatory sentence句子成分 members of sentences主语 subject谓语 predicate宾语 object双宾语 dual object直接宾语 direct object间接宾语 indirect object复合宾语 complex object同源宾语 cognate object补语 complement主补 subject complement宾补 object complement表语 predicative定语 attribute同位语 appositive状语 adverbial句法关系 syntactic relationship 并列 coordinate从属 subordination修饰 modification前置修饰 pre-modification后置修饰 post-modification限制 restriction双重限制 double-restriction非限制 non-restriction数 number单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form规则形式 regular form不规则形式 irregular form格 case普通格 common case所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case宾格 objective case性 gender阳性 masculine阴性 feminine通性 common中性 neuter人称 person第一人称 first person第二人称 second person第三人称 third person时态 tense过去将来时 past future tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense一般现在时 simple present tense一般过去时 simple past tense一般将来时 simple future tense现在完成时 past perfect tense过去完成时 present perfect tense将来完成时 future perfect tense现在进行时 present continuous tense过去进行时 past continuous tense将来进行时 future continuous tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense语态 voice主动语态 active voice被动语态 passive voice语气 mood陈述语气 indicative mood祈使语气 imperative mood虚拟语气 subjunctive mood否定 negation否定范围 scope of negation全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation转移否定 shift of negation语序 order自然语序 natural order倒装语序 inversion全部倒装 full inversion部分倒装 partial inversion直接引语 direct speech间接引语 indirect speech自由直接引语 free direct speech自由间接引语 free indirect speech一致 agreement主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement 语法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement就近原则 principle of proximity强调 emphasis重复 repetition语音 pronunciation语调 tone升调 rising tone降调 falling tone降升调 falling-rising tone文体 style正式文体 formal非正式文体 informal口语 spoken/oral English套语 formulistic expression英国英语 British English美国英语 American English用法 usage感情色彩 emotional coloring褒义 commendatory贬义 derogatory幽默 humorous讽刺 sarcastic。

英语语法术语（中英文对照）一、词性 part of speech1.名词 noun1)专有名词 proper noun2)普通名词 common noun3)可数名词 countable noun4)不可数名词 uncountable noun5)抽象名词 abstract noun6)具体名词 concrete noun7)物质名词 material noun8)集体名词 collective noun9)个体名词 individual noun2.动词 verb1)及物动词 transitive verb （Vt）2)不及物动词 intransitive verb (Vi)3)系动词 link verb4)助动词 auxiliary verb5)情态动词 modal verb6)规则动词 regular verb7)不规则动词 irregular verb8)短语动词 phrasal verb9)限定动词 finite verb10)非限定动词 infinite verb11)使役动词 causative verb12)感官动词 verb of senses3.形容词 adjective4.副词 adverb1）方式副词adverb of manner2）程度副词adverb of degree3）时间副词adverb of time4）地点副词adverb of place5）修饰性副词 adjunct6）连接性副词 conjunct7）疑问副词 interrogative adverb8）关系副词 relative adverb5.代词 pronoun1）人称代词 personal pronoun2）物主代词 possessive pronouni.名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronounii.形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun 3）反身代词 reflexive pronoun4）指示代词 demonstrative pronoun5）疑问代词 interrogative pronoun6）关系代词 relative pronoun7）不定代词 indefinite pronoun6.冠词 article1）定冠词 definite article2）不定冠词 indefinite article7.数词 numeral1）基数词 cardinal numeral2）序数词 ordinal numeral8.介词 preposition9.连词 conjunction10.感叹词 exclamation二、数/格/性 number/case/gender1.数number1）单数形式 singular form2）复数形式 plural form3）规则形式 regular form4）不规则形式 irregular form2.格case1）普通格 common case2）所有格 possessive case3）主格 nominative case4）宾格 objective case三、句子成分 members of sentences1.主语 subject2.谓语 predicate3.表语 predicative4.宾语 object1）双宾语 dual object2）直接宾语 direct object3）间接宾语 indirect object5.定语 attribute6.状语 adverbial7.同位语 appositive8.补语 complement1）主补（主语补语） subject complement2）宾补（宾语补语） object complement四、句子sentence1.简单句 simple sentence2.复合句 complex sentence3.并列句 compound sentence4.陈述句 declarative sentence5.存在句 existential sentence6.疑问句 interrogative sentence1）一般疑问句 general question2）特殊疑问句 special question3）选择疑问句 alternative question4）反义疑问句 disjunctive question7.肯定句 positive sentence8.否定句 negative sentence9.祈使句 imperative sentence10.省略句 elliptical sentence11.感叹句 exclamatory sentence五、语气/语态/语序/一致 mood/voice/order/agreement1.语气mood1）陈述语气 indicative mood2）祈使语气 imperative mood3）虚拟语气 subjunctive mood2.语态voice1）主动语态 active voice2）被动语态 passive voice3.语序 order1）自然语序 natural order2）倒装语序inversioni.全部倒装 full inversionii.部分倒装 partial inversion3）直接引语 direct speech4）间接引语 indirect speech4.一致agreement主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement语法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement就近原则 principle of proximity六、从句clause1.名词性从句 nominal clause1）主语从句subject clause2）表语从句 predicative clause3）宾语从句 object clause4）同位语从句appositive clause2.定语从句 attributive clause3.状语从句adverbial clause1）时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time2）地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place3）方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner4）让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession5）原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause6）结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result7）目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose8）条件状语从句 adverbial clause of conditioni.真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real conditionii.非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition 9）比较状语从句 adverbial clause of comparison4. 独立主格结构Nominative Absolute Construction七、时态 tense1.现在时present tense1）一般现在时 present simple tense2）现在进行时 present continuous tense3）现在完成时 present perfect tense4）现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense2.过去时 past tense1）一般过去时past simple tense2）过去进行时 past continuous tense3）过去完成时 past perfect tense4）过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense3.将来时future tense1）一般将来时 future simple tense2）将来进行时 future continuous tense3）将来完成时 future perfect tense4）将来完成进行时 future perfect continuous tense4.其他1）一般过去将来时past future tense2）过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense3）过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense4）过去将来完成进行时past future perfect continuous tense。

时Tense 人称Person 数Number体Aspect 态V oice带to不定式To-infinitive 不带to不定式Bare Infinitive边际情态助动词Marginal Model Auxiliary排比结构Parallel Construction 复杂介词Complex Preposition 深层结构Deep Structure动态形容词Dynamic Adjective 静态形容词Stative Adjective-ing分词–ING Participle现在分词Present Participle动名词Gerund逻辑主语Logical Subject-ed分词-ED Participle过去分词Past Participle前置修饰语Premodifier主语补语Subject Complement 宾语补语Object Complement悬垂分词Dangling Participle 无依着法则Unattached Participle单词形容词One-word Adjective 复合形容词Compound Adjective 中心形容词Central Adjective外围形容词Peripheral Adjective 使役形容词Causative Adjective 等级形容词Gradable Adjective 非等级形容词Non-gradable Adjective状语Adverbial连接副词Conjunctive Adverb简单副词Simple Adverb派生副词Derivative Adverb方式副词Adverb of Manner程度副词Adverb of Degree时间副词Adverb of Time频度副词Adverb of Frequency 地点副词Adverb of Place连接副词Conjunctive Adverb解说副词Explanatory Adverb修饰性状语Adjunct评注性状语Disjunct连接性状语Conjunct可等级的Gradable原级positive/absolute degree 比较级comparative degree最高级superlative degree综合形式synthetic form比较结构comparative construction调核nucleus可等级名词gradable noun分析性语言analytic language 简单介词simple preposition复杂介词complex preposition 双词介词two-word preposition 三词介词three-word preposition四词介词four-word preposition 陈述句statement/declarative sentence疑问句question祈使句command 感叹句exclamation强调句emphasize强调附加结构reinforcement tag双重否定double negative修辞疑问句rhetorical question 操作词operator局部否定partial negation疑问句question/interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question 附加疑问句tag question是非问句yes-no question非肯定句non-assertive word肯定词assertive word“wh-问句”wh-question附加问句question tag祈使句command/imperative sentence动词祈使句imperative sentence感叹词exclamation/exclamatory sentence 存在句existential sentence实义主语notional subject真主语real subject36讲修饰修饰modification 前置修饰语premodifier后置修饰语postmodifier 补足成分complementation限定性修饰语Restrictive Modifier非限定性修饰语Non-restrictive Modifier对比含义Contrastive Meaning分隔修饰Discontinuous Modification句尾中心End Weight同位语appositive限定性同位语Restrictive Appositive 非限定性同位语Non-restrictive Appositive状语Adverbial修饰性状语&结合性状语Adjunct评注性状语&分离性状语Disjunct连接性状语Conjunct37讲替代替代Substitition 替代词Substitute 名词性替代Nominal Substitition动词性替代Verbal Substitition分句性替代Clausal Substitition名词替代词Nominal Substitute动词替代词Verbal Substitute 分句替代词Clausal Substitute 动词替代词&代动词Pro-verb38讲省略省略Ellipsis情境省略Situational Ellipsis39讲后置、前置、倒装词序Word Order正常词序Normal Order自然次序Natural Order后置Postponement句尾焦点End Focus句尾重心End Weight传递信息的单位Information Unit旧信息Old Information已知信息Given/Known Information新信息New Information 信息焦点Information Focus 前置Fronting倒装Inversion40讲从句到篇语篇Text粘着性Cohesion连贯性Coherence（句子的）交际功能Communicative Function正确性Correctness适合性Appropriacy新信息the storm已知信息the crops过渡词语TransitionalWords/Phrases逻辑纽带Logical Connectors 语法纽带Grammatical Connectors词汇纽带Lexical Connectors 照应Reference人称照应Personal Reference 指示照应Demonstrative Reference后照应Anaphoric Reference 比较照应Comparative Reference平行结构Parallel Construction 累赘Redundancy关键词key word同义词Synonym近义词Near-synonym语段Sentence Group统一性Unity单语段语篇Single-Sentence-Group Text多语段语篇Multi-Sentence-Group Text主题句Topic Sentence主题语段Topic Sentence Group辅助句Supporting Sentence 辅助语段Supporting Sentence Group语篇修辞Textual Rhetoric 层进法Climax偏斜修饰语Squinting Modifier从属Subordination 从属结构Subordinate Construction 限定从属分句Finite Subordinate Clause 从属连词Subordinator 简单从属连词Simple Subordinator 关联从属连词Correlative Subordinator 复杂从属连词Complex Subordinator 边际从属连词Marginal Subordinator 非限定分句Non-finite Clause 无动词分句Verbless Clause 关系分句Relative Clause 关系词Relative Word 定语从句Attributive Clause 限制性关系分句Restrictive Relative Clause非限制性关系分句Non-restrictive Relative Clause关系代词Relative Pronoun 关系副词Relative Adverb 关系限定词Relative Determiner 不定式分句Infinitive Clause 双重关系分句Double Relative Clause 嵌入式关系分句Embed Relative Clause -ing分词分句–ing Participle Clause -ed 分词分句–ed Participle Clause 时间状语分句Adverbial Clause of Time 原因状语分句Adverbial Clause of Cause 地点状语分句Adverbial Clause of Place 方式状语分句Adverbial Clause of Manner 结果状语分句Adverbial Clause of Result 目的状语分句Adverbial Clause of Purpose 条件状语分句Adverbial Clause of Condition 让步状语分句Adverbial Clause of Concession 同时性Same Time 先时性Earlier Time 后时性Later Time 并列连词Quasi-coordinator 独立结构Absolute Construction 语域Register 语体Style 条件句Conditional 真实条件句Real Conditional 基本形式Basic Form 变体形式Variant Form 替换形式Alternative Form 非真实条件句Unreal Conditional 直接引语Direct Speech 间接引语Indirect Speech 引述动词Reporting Verb地点状语locative adverbial时间状语temporal adverbial非指代性it non-referring “it”分裂句cleft sentence“虚义”it empty it“失行”it anticipatory it假分裂句pseudo-cleft sentence并列连词coordinator并列结构coordinate construction并列句compound sentence关联并列连词correlative coordinator近似并列连词quasi-coordinator 从属连词subordinator复杂连词complex preposition。

英语专四语法术语名词：noun个体名词：individual noun集体名词: collective noun 物质名词：material noun 抽象名词: abstract noun 可数名词：countable noun不可数名词：uncountable noun动词：verb动态动词：dynamic verb 静态动词：stative verb 情态动词：modal verb 助动词：auxiliary非谓语动词：non-finite verbs(分词，participle; 不定式, infinitive; 动名词，gerund)数词：numeral代词：pronoun人称代词：personal pronoun物主代词：possessive pronoun反身代词：reflexive pronoun指示代词：demonstrative pronoun 关系代词：relativepronoun不定代词：indefinitepronoun形容词：adjective副词：adverb冠词：article连词：conjunction介词：preposition感叹词：interjection限定词：determiner短语：phrase不定式短语：infinitivephrase动名词短语：gerundialphrase分词短语：participialphrase主语：subject谓语：predicate主谓一致：subject-verbagreement宾语：object补语：complement定语：attribute状语：adverbial同位语：appositive主语从句：subject clause表语从句：predicativeclause宾语从句：object clause定语从句：attributiveclause先行词：antecedent限制性定语从句：restrictive attributiveclause非限制性定语从句：non-restrictiveattributive clause状语从句：adverbialclause陈述句：Declarativesentence疑问句：interrogativesentence祈使句：imperativesentence感叹句：exclamatorysentence时态(各种时态) tense语态：voice主动语态：active voice被动语态：passive voice虚拟语气：subjunctivemood反义疑问句：tag question倒装：inversion部分倒装：partialinversion省略：ellipsis。

language 语言interjection 感叹词grammar 语法head (headword) 中心词sentence 句子noun phrase 名词词组clause 分句verb phrase 动词词组phrase 词组adjective phrase 形容词词组word 词adverb phrase 副词词组morpheme 词素prepositional phrase 介词词组segmentation 切分法simple verb phrase 简单动词词组free morpheme 自由词素complex verb phrase 复杂动词词组simple word（morphemeword）简单词（单词素词）finite verb phrase 限定动词词组compound word 复合词tense 时compound noun 复合名词person 人称compound adjective 复合形容词number 数compound verb 复合动词non-finite verb phrase 非限定动词词组compound adverb 复合副词premodifier 前置修饰语compound pronoun 复合代词postmodifier 后置修饰语compound conjunction 复合连词complementation 补足成分compound preposition 复合介词independent clause 独立分句inflectional affix 屈折词缀dependent clause 从属分句derivational affix 派生词缀simple clause 简单分句prefix 前缀simple sentece 简单句infix 中缀complex clause 复杂分句suffix 后缀complex sentece 复杂句allomorph 词素变体main clause 主句closed class 封闭词类subordinate clause 分句function word 功能词finite clause 限定分句preposition 介词non-finite clause 非限定分句pronoun 代词verbless clause 无动词分句determiner 限定词full sentence 完全句conjunction 连词minor sentece 不完全句auxiliary 助动词compound sentence 并列句open class 开放词类compound-complex sentence 并列复杂句content word 实义词clause element 分句成分noun 名词basic clause type 分句基本类型adjective 形容词subject（compound subject）主语(并列主语)adverb 副词predicate（compound predicate）谓语(并列谓语)main verb 主动词predicate verb 谓语动词cardinal numeral 基数词object（direct object/indirect object）宾语(直宾/间宾)ordinal numeral 序数词complement(subject/object complement)补语(主补/宾补)adverbial 状语indefinite article 不定冠词SVC, SV, SVO, SV oO, SVOC,SV A, SVOA zero article 零冠词concord/agreement 一致possessive determiner 物主限定词subject-verb agreement 主动一致/主谓一致genitive noun 名词属格grammatical concord 语法一致原则demonstrative determiner 指示限定词notional concord 意义一致原则relative determiner 关系限定词principle of proximity 就近原则interrogative determiner 疑问限定词coordinate subject 并列结构作主语indefinite determiner 不定限定词noun phrase of amount or quality 表示数量概念的名词词组multiplicative numeral 倍数词relative clause 关系分句fractional numeral 分数词relative pronoun 关系代词quantifier 量词antecedent 先行项specific reference 特指cleft sentence 分裂句generic reference 类指focus element 中心成分definite specific reference 确定特指existential sentence 存在句anaphoric specific reference 前照应特指notional subject 实义主语cataphoric specific reference 后照应特指coordinate construction 并列结构situational reference 语境照应（特指）coordinate element 并列成分definite quantity 确定数量simple noun 简单名词indefinite quantity 非确定数量compound noun 复合名词referential meaning 所指意义derivative noun 派生名词predeterminer 前位限定词common noun 普通名词central determiner 中位限定词individual noun 个体名词postdeterminer 后位限定词collective noun 集体名词person pronoun 人称代词material noun 物质名词subjective case 主格abstract noun 抽象名词objective case 宾格proper noun 专有名词genitive case 属格countable/count noun 可数名词possessive pronoun (genitive pronoun)物主代词(属格代词) uncountable/non-count noun 不可数名词nominal genitive pronoun 名词性属格代词number 数possessive genitive pronoun 限定词属格代词singular number 单数reflexive pronoun 反身代词plural number 复数reciprocal pronoun 相互代词regular plural 规则复数demonstrative pronoun 指示代词irregular plural 不规则复数indefinite pronoun 不定代词partitive/unit noun 单位词/单位名词interrogative pronoun 疑问代词case 格relative pronoun 关系代词common case 通格gender 性possessive case/genitive case 所有格/（名词）属格masculine gender 阳性independent genitive 独立属格feminine gender 阴性double genitive 双重属格neuter gender 中性determiner 限定词common gender 通性definite airicle 定冠词noun of common gender 通性名词person 人称complementation 补足成分first person 第一人称transitive verb 及物动词second person 第二人称intransitive verb 不及物动词third person 第三人称linking verb 连系动词Reflexive form 反身形式dynamic verb 动态动词emphatic use 强调用法stative verb 静态动词unemphatic use 非强调用法single-word verb 单词动词reference 照应，所指phrasal verb 词组动词pronoun reference 代词照应finite verb （finite form）限定动词（限定形式）anaphoric reference 前照应non-finite verb（non-finite form）非限定动词（非限定形式）cataphoric reference 后照应base form 原形situational reference 语境照应grammatical form 语法形式person reference 人称照应simple tense 一般现在时demonstrative reference 指示照应simple past 一般过去时tense 时present progressive 现在进行时present tense 现在时past progressive 过去进行时past tense 过去时present perfective 现在完成时aspect 体past perfective 过去完成时progressive aspect 进行体present perfective progressive 现在完成进行时perfective aspect 完成体past perfective progressive 过去完成进行时voice 态future tense 将来时active voice 主动态operator 操作词passive voice（be-passive/get-passive/passi ve infinitive）被动态(be型/get型被动态/不定式被动态)predication 述谓成分mood 式Old English 古英语indicative mood 陈述式prediction 预见statement(declarative sentence)陈述句willingness 意愿question(interrogative sentence)疑问句intention 意图imperative mood 祈使式infinitive(to-infinitive/bare-infinitive)不定式(带to/不带to不定式) subjunctive mood 虚拟式-ing participle ing分词hypothetical meaning 假设意义-ed participle ed分词non-factual meanig 非事实意义conditional 条件句Be-subjunctive Be型虚拟式implied conditional 含蓄条件句Were-subjunctive Were型虚拟式ability 能力auxiliary 助动词possibility 可能primary auxiliary 基本助动词permission 许可modal auxiliary 情态助动词obligation 义务（必须，应该）semi-auxiliary 半助动词necessity 必然simple verb phrase 简单动词词组determination 决心complex verb phrase 复杂动词词组epistemic 推测性notional verb 实义动词non-epistemic 非推测性deep structure 深层结构emphasizer 强调词surface structure 表层结构reinforcement tag 强调附加结构dynamic adjective 动态形容词double negative 双重否定stative adjective 静态形容词rhetorical question 修辞疑问句present participle 现在分词partial negation 局部否定past participle 过去分词question(interrogative sentence)疑问句gerund 动名词general question(yes-no question)一般疑问句(是非疑问句)dangling participle (unattached participle) 悬垂分词（无依着分词）special question （wh-question）特殊疑问句（wh-问句）attachment rule 依着规则alternative question 选择疑问句logical suject 逻辑主语tag question 附加疑问句one-word adjective 单词形容词non-assertive word 非肯定词compound adjective 复合形容词command (imperative sentence) 祈使句central adjective 中心形容词existential sentence 存在句peripheral adjective 外围形容词notional subject 实义主语gradable ajective 等级形容词real subject 真主语non-gradable ajective 非等级形容词locative adverbial 地点状语causative construction 使役结构temporal adverbial 时间状语simple adverb 简单副词nonreferring it 非指代性it derivative adverb 派生副词empty it 虚义it adverb of manner 方式副词anticipatory it 先行it adverb of degree 程度副词pseudo-clef sentence 拟似分裂句adverb of time 时间副词coordinator 并列（连）词adverb of frequency 频率副词correlative coordinator 关联并列连词adverb of place 地点副词coordinate construction 并列结构conjunctive adverb 连接副词subordination 从属explanatory adverb 解说副词subordinator 从属连词adjunct 修饰/结合性状语simple subordinator 简单从属连词dsjunct 评注/分离性状语complex subordinator 复杂从属连词conjunct 连接性状语correlative subordinator 关联从属连词positive/absolute degree 原级marginal subordinator 边际从属连词comparative degree 比较级one-word subordinator 单词从属连词superlative degree 最高级adverbial clause of time 时间状语分句synthetic form 综合形式adverbial clause of place 地点状语分句analytic form 分析形式adverbial clause of manner 方式状语分句comparative constructure 比较结构adverbial clause of cause 原因状语分句analytic language 分析性语言adverbial clause of result 结果状语分句simple preposition 简单介词adverbial clause of purpose 目的状语分句complex preposition 复杂介词adverbial clause of condition 条件状语分句two-word preposition 双词介词adverbial clause of concession 让步状语分句three-word preposition 三词介词Infinitive clause 不定式分句four-word preposition 四词介词-ing participle clause -ing分词分句exclamation(exclamatory sentence)感叹句-ed participle clause -ed分词分句quasi-coordinator 近似并列连词end weight 句尾重心absolute construction 独立结构information focus 信息焦点relative word 关系词information unit 信息单位relative pronoun 关系代词old information (given information) 旧信息（已知信息）relative adverb 关系副词new information 新信息relative determiner 关系限定词full inversion 全部倒装attributive clause (relative clause) 定语从句（关系分句）partial inversion 部分倒装restrictive relative clause 限定性关系分句cohesion 粘着性non-restrictive relative clause 非限定性关系分句coherence 连贯性double relative clause 双重关系分句unity 统一性embedded relative clause 嵌入式关系分句redundancy 累赘conditional 条件句correctness 正确性real conditional 真实条件句communicative pfunction 交际功能unreal conditional 非真实条件句transitional words/phrases 过渡词语basic form 基本形式logical connectors 逻辑纽带variant form 变体形式grammatical connectors 语法纽带alternative form 替换形式coreference pro-form 指代词direct speech 直接引语comparative reference 对比照应indirect speech 间接引语parallel construction 平行结构reporting verb 引述动词key word 关键词modification 修饰语synonym (near-synonym) 同义词（近义词）restrictive modifier 限制性修饰语sentence group 句群（语段）non-restrictive modifier 非限制性修饰语text 语篇discontinuous modification 分隔修饰single-sentence group text 单语段语篇appositive 同位语multi-sentence group text 多语段语篇restrictive appositive 限制性同位语top sentence 主题句non-restrictive appositive 非限制同位语topic sentence group 主题语段substitute 替代词supporting sentence 辅助句nominal substitute 名词性替代词supporting sentence group 辅助语段verbal substitute 动词性替代词clausal substitute 分句性替代词substitution 替代nominal substitution 名词性替代verbal substitution 动词性替代clausal substitution 分句性替代ellipsis 省略word order 词序normal order 正常词序natural order 自然词序postponement 后置fronting 前置end focus 句尾焦点。

语法术语Grammar Terms语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structrural word 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concret moun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possesive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun物主代词possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause 名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause 状语从句adverbial clause 宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause 同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition 真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence简单句simple sentence 并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence 并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句declarative sentence 疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question 特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question 附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question 修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question 存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentwence 否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence 省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence 基本句型basic sentence patern句子成分members of sentences主语subject 谓语predicate 宾语object双宾语dual object 直接宾语direct object 间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object 同源宾语cognate object 补语complement主补subject complement 宾补object complement 表语predicative定语attribute 同位语appositive 状语adverbial句法关系syntatic relationship并列coordinate 从属subordination 修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification 后置修饰post-modification限制restriction 双重限制double-restriction 非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form规则形式regular form 不规则形式irregular form格case普通格common case 所有格possessive case主格nominative case 宾格objective case性gender 阳性masculine 阴性feminine 通性common 中性neuter人称person第一人称first person 第二人称second person 第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense 过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense 一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense 一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense 过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense 现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense 将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense 现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态voice主动语态active voice 被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood 祈使语气imperative mood 虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation 全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation 转移否定shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order 倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion 部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech 间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech 自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement 就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis 重复repetition语音pronunciation 语调tone升调rising tone 降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal 非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English 套语formulistic expression英国英语British English 美国英语American English用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring 褒义commendatory贬义derogatory 幽默humorous 讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic。

语法 grammar 句法 syntax ['sintæks] 词法 morphology [mɔ:'fɔlədʒi]结构 structure 层次 rank 句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase一、词性part of speech1、实词 notional word 虚词 structural word 单纯词simple word派生词derivative 复合词compound名词 noun 专有名词 proper noun 普通名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun不可数名词 uncountable noun 抽象名词 abstract noun 具体名词 concrete noun物质名词 material noun 集体名词 collective noun 个体名词 individual noun动词 verb 主动词 main verb 及物动词 transitive verb 不及物动词 intransitive verb系动词 link verb 助动词 auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词 regular verb不规则动词 irregular verb 短语动词 phrasal verb 限定动词 finite verb非限定动词 infinite verb 使役动词 causative verb ['kɔ:zətiv] 静态动词 state verb感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb形容词 adjective 比较的级别Degrees of Comparison 最高级The Superlative Degree比较级The Comparative Degree副词 adverb 方式副词 adverb of manner 程度副词 adverb of degree时间副词 adverb of time 地点副词 adverb of place 修饰性副词 adjunct连接性副词 conjunct 疑问副词interrogative adverb [intə'rɔgətiv] 关系副词 relative adverb 代词 pronoun ['prəunaun] 人称代词 personal pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun [pə'zesiv] 反身代词 reflexive pronoun相互代词 reciprocal pronoun [ri'siprəkəl]指示代词 demonstrative pronoun [di'mɔnstrətiv] 疑问代词 interrogative pronoun [intə'rɔgətiv]关系代词 relative pronoun 不定代词 indefinite pronoun [in'definit]名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun [.ædʒik'taivəl]冠词 article 定冠词 definite article 不定冠词 indefinite article数词 numeral 基数词 cardinal numeral 序数词 ordinal numeral 分数词 fractional numeral介词 preposition [prepə'ziʃən] 连词 conjunction [kən'dʒʌŋkʃən]并列连词Coordinating Conjunctions 从属连词Subordinating Conjunct感叹词 exclamation [.eksklə'meiʃən]小品词The Particle 构词法Word building 前缀Prefix 后缀Suffix形式 form 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 原形 base form2、句子 sentence 简单句 simple sentence 并列句 compound sentence复合句 complex sentence 并列复合句 compound complex sentence基本句型 basic sentence pattern存在句 existential sentence 肯定句 positive sentence否定句 negative sentence 祈使句 imperative sentence 省略句 elliptical sentence [i'liptikəl]感叹句 exclamatory sentence [iks'klæmə.təri]陈述句 declarative sentence [di'klærətiv]疑问句 interrogative sentence [.intə'rɔgətiv] 一般疑问句 general question特殊疑问句 special question 选择疑问句 alternative question 附加疑问句 tag question反义疑问句 disjunctive question [dis'dʒʌŋktiv]修辞疑问句 rhetorical question感叹疑问句 exclamatory question [iks'klæmə.təri]从句 clause 并列句 coordinate clause 从属句 subordinate clause [sə'bɔ:dineit]名词从句 nominal clause ['nɔminəl] 定语从句 attributive clause [ə'tribjutiv]限制性定语从句Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句Non-restrictive Attributive Clause宾语从句 object clause 主语从句 subject clause 同位语从句 appositive clause [ə'pɔzitiv]状语从句 adverbial clause 时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place 方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result 目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition3、句子成分 members of sentences主语 subject 谓语 predicate ['predikeit] 简单谓语Simple Predicate复合谓The Compound Predicate 宾语 object 双宾语 dual object ['dju:əl]直接宾语 direct object 间接宾语 indirect object 复合宾语 complex object同源宾语 cognate object ['kɔg.neit] 补语 complement 主补 subject complement宾补 object complement 表语 predicative ['pridi.kətiv] 定语 attribute [ə'tribju:t]同位语 appositive [ə'pɔzitiv] 状语 adverbial [əd'və:biəl] 插入语Parenthesis4、句法关系syntactic relationship 并列 coordinate 从属 subordination 修饰 modification前置修饰 pre-modification 后置修饰 post-modification限制 restriction双重限制 double-restriction 非限制 non-restriction5、数 number 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 规则形式 regular form不规则形式 irregular form6、格 case 普通格 common case 所有格 possessive case 主格 nominative case 宾格 objective case7、性 gender 人称 person 第一人称 first person 第二人称 second person 第三人称 third person8、语态 voice 主动语态 active voice 被动语态 passive voice9、语气 mood 陈述语气 indicative mood 祈使语气 imperative mood虚拟语气 subjunctive mood10、否定 negation [ni'geiʃən] 否定范围 scope of negation 全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation 转移否定 shift of negation11、语序 order 自然语序 natural order 倒装语序 inversion 全部倒装 full inversion部分倒装 partial inversion 省略Ellipsis 句子的转换Transformation of Sentences12、直接引语 direct speech 间接引语 indirect speech自由直接引语 free direct speech 自由间接引语 free indirect speech13、一致 agreement 主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement 语法一致 grammatical agreement 概念一致 notional agreement 就近原则 principle of proximity [prɔk'simiti]14、强调 emphasis, emphasize 重复 repetition 语音 pronunciation 语调 tone升调 rising tone 降调 falling tone 降升调 falling-rising tone15、标点符号Punctuation 句号Period (Full Stop) 问号Question Mark感叹号Exclamation Mark 逗号Comma 分号Semicolon 冒号Colon引号Quotation Marks 括号Brackets 角括号Angle Brackets 圆括号Parentheses (curves)方括号Square Brackets 大括号Brace 破折号Dash 连字符Hyphen 省略号Apostrophe斜线号Slant 星号Asterisk 平行号Parallels16、文体 style 正式文体 formal 非正式文体 informal 口语 spoken/oral English套语 formulistic expression [fɔ:mju'listik] 用法 usage17、感情色彩 emotional coloring褒义 commendatory [kə'mendətəri]贬义 derogatory [di'rɔgətəri] 幽默 humorous 讽刺 sarcastic [sɑ:'kæstik] 挖苦 ironic18、短语Phrases 分词Participial Phrases 介语短语Prepositional Phrases不定式Infinitive Phrases短语动词Phrasal Verbs19、时态的呼应The sequence of tensesThe Nominative Absolute独立主格Analysis of Sentences句子分析。