2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖北卷)英语试卷

A. From the movies. B. From her family. C. From the books.
18. What helped change the speaker’s attitude towards study?
A. Her professor’s advice. B. Her graduate program. C. Her trip to Africa.
2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Strangers. B. Classmates. C. Relatives.
3. What is the woman’s attitude to the man’s suggestion?
阅读A篇是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄石海报展览的时间安排以及特色等信息。本篇文章主要考查学生细节信息的获取能力。
阅读B篇是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鹦鹉作为被捕食动物的行为特性和生存策略。本篇说明文延续了近几年常考的动物话题，本文主要考查了学生细节理解以及逻辑推理的能力。
阅读C篇是一篇说明文。这是一篇说明文，作者阐述了争论的意义和赢得争论的方法。这篇文章的内容相对比较枯燥，学生在阅读时可能会存在一定的障碍。本文主要考查了细节理解、逻辑推理和词义猜测的能力。
19. How does the speaker feel when she talks about her past experiences?
例: How much is the shirt?
A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15.
答案是C。
1. What will Chris do next?

2007年湖北卷高考真题英语试卷-学生用卷一、单项选择（每小题1分，共10分）1、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷第21题1分2009~2010学年北京东城区高二上学期期末湖北高考This magazine is very with young people, who like its content and style.A. familiarB. popularC. similarD. particular2、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷第22题1分湖北高考Emergency line opertors must always calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.A. growB. appearC. becomeD. stay3、【来源】 2007年湖北高考湖北卷第23题1分Despite such a big difference in towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.A. pointB. ideaC. attitudeD. sight4、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷第24题1分湖北高考湖北卷If the firms failed to make enough money, they would.A. close downB. call offC. turn downD. set off5、【来源】 2007年湖北高考湖北卷第25题1分2017~2018学年黑龙江哈尔滨南岗区哈尔滨市第三中学高一上学期期末期末第71题1分She devoted herself to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.A. stronglyB. extremelyC. entirelyD. freely6、【来源】 2007年湖北高考第26题1分People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, andthis creates further problems.A. in shortB. in caseC. in doubtD. in turn7、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷第27题1分湖北高考If we can _____ our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.A. come acrossB. get overC. come overD. get off8、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷第28题1分湖北高考He began to take political science only when he left school.A. strictlyB. trulyC. carefullyD. seriously9、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷第29题1分湖北高考Surely it doesn’matter where the student associations get their money from; what is what they do with it.A. countsB. appliesC. stressesD. functions10、【来源】 2007年湖北高考湖北卷第30题1分Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a _____ environment.A. peacefulB. sensitiveC. commonD. stable二、完成句子（每小题1.5分，共15分）11、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷第31题1.5分They sat together around the table, with（门关着）.（shut）12、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷第32题1.5分I haven't the slightest idea（他正在说什么）.（talk）13、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷第33题1.5分The fact（他失败了数次） makes him very upset.（he, fail）14、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷第34题1.5分Last night, John was answering the letters that（寄给他的） during the past two weeks.（arrive）15、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷第35题1.5分He believes that children（应允许……学习） at their own pace.（allow）16、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷第36题1.5分She has an excellent（对名字的记忆力）, which helps her quite a lot in her work.（memory）17、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷第37题1.5分（他是否出过国） doesn't make much difference.（he, abroad）18、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷第38题1.5分The factory's output of cars this year is（大约是去年的三倍）.（as, great）19、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷第39题1.5分Not only（要帮助） the disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for those who need it. （give）20、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷第40题1.5分It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he（可能参与） in planning the monument, or in helping transport and pull up the stones.（hand）三、完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）21、【来源】 2007年湖北高考湖北卷第41~60题30分2018~2019学年甘肃兰州城关区甘肃省兰州第一中学高一下学期期末第16~35题30分2017~2018学年陕西咸阳高二上学期期末第31~50题10分(每题2分)Many years ago, I owned a service station and road house on the main road between Melbourne and Adelaide.One very cold, wet night at about 3:30 a.m., there was a1on the front door of our house. A young man, wet from2to toe, explained that hehad3out of petrol about 30 km up the road. He had left his pregnant（怀孕的） wife and his two children4at the car and said that he would hitchhike （搭便车） back.Once I had5 a can with petrol, I took him back to his car where his two-year-old and four-year-old children were both6, saying that they were cold. Once the car had started, I suggested that he7me back.Before leaving, I had turned the heater8in the road house, so that when we went in, it was nice and9While the little ones played andran10, I prepared bread and butter for the children, and hot chocolate forthe11It was about 5 a.m. before they12The young fellow asked me how much he13meand I told him that the petrol pump（加油泵）had14＄15. He offered to pay "call-out fee" , but I wouldn't accept it.About a month later, I received a15from Interstate, a large bus company that we had been trying to16to stop off at our road house for a long time.It17out that the young fellow I had helped was its general manager, the most18person in the company.In his letter, he thanked me again and19methat, from then on, all their buses would stop at my service station. In this20, a little bit of kindness was rewarded with a huge amount of benefits.A. kickB. hitC. beatD. knockA. fingerB. shoulderC. headD. handA. drivenB. usedC. comeD. runA. awayB. behindC. overD. outA. suppliedB. pouredC. equippedD. filledA. sleepingB. cryingC. quarrellingD. fightingA. allowB. ringC. leadD. followA. onB. offC. inD. overA. neatB. hotC. warmD. attractiveA. aroundB. insideC. nearbyD. alongA. driversB. guestsC. customersD. adultsA. leftB. arrivedC. ateD. disappearedA. gaveB. paidC. owedD. offeredA. appearedB. exhibitedC. calculatedD. shownA. callB. letterC. checkD. noticeA. getB. forceC. requiteD. hopeA. pointedB. turnedC. workedD. foundA. generousB. successfulC. seriousD. powerfulA. praisedB. persuadedC. informedD. convincedA. lessonB. businessC. aspectD. case四、阅读理解（每小题2分，共40分）22、【来源】 2007年湖北高考湖北卷（A篇）第61~64题8分Karen, grown up in a very traditional family in the western United States, maintained high moral（道德的） standards throughout her youth.. In 1984, at the age of 23, she married Bill. Theywere blessed with two children, a boy and a girl.By 1991 their love had deepened, and they were happy. Later that year, Bill developed a white spot on his tongue. He visited a doctor.One day shortly after that, Bill called Karen to sit beside him. He said with tears in his eyes that he loved her and wanted to live forever with her. The doctor suspected that he had been infected with HIV, the virus that leads to AIDS.The family was tested. Bill and Karen's results were positive. Bill had become infected before he met Karen; then he passed the virus on to Karen. The children's results were negative. Within three years, Bill was dead. "I don't know how to express what it is like to watch the once handsome man you love and intend to live with forever dying slowly. I cried many nights. He died three months short of ten years of our marriage, " says Karen.Though a doctor told Karen that she would soon follow her husband into death, she is still alive. The infection has progressed to the early stages of AIDS.Karen is but one of about 30 million people now living with HIV/AIDS, a figure larger than the combined populations of Australia. Ireland and Paraguay. According to one UN report, Africa has 21 million of these victims. By the turn of the century that number could reach 40 million and the disease will bring on the greatest disaster in human history. Of the world's sexually active adults aged 15 to 49, 1 in 100 has already been infected with HIV. Of these, only 1 in 10 realizes that he or she is infected. In some parts of Africa, 25 percent of the adults are infected.Since the beginning of the spread of AIDS in 1981, about 11.7 million people have died of it. It is roughly calculated that in 1997 alone, about 2, 3 million people died of it. Nevertheless, there are fresh reasons for optimism in the battle against AIDS. During the past few years, there has been a drop in new AIDS cases in wealthy nations. In addition, promising drugs hold out hope of better health and longer life.(1) By telling the story of Karen, the author intends to____.A. were people against high risk behaviorsB. stress the importance of medical testsC. express sympathy for AIDS victimsD. show the consequences of AIDS(2) The underlined part in Paragraph1 most probably means “_____”.A. were lucky in havingB. were asked to adoptC. regretted havingD. gave birth to(3) Bill was suspected of being infected with HIV after___.A. he got married to KarenB. the family members were testedC. Karen persuaded him to see the doctorD. he found something wrong with his tongue(4) It can be concluded from the passage that_____.A. promising drugs will soon stop AIDSB. the spread of AIDS could be controlledC. it is hopeless to win the battle against AIDSD. the death rate of AIDS patients has been reduced23、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷（B篇）第65~68题8分How can a creature weighing over 5 tons and normally taking 150 kilograms of food and 120 liters of water per day survive in a desert environment?In the southwest African country of Namibia, and the Sahara lands of Mali further north, the desert elephant TAL#NBSP does just that.Although not regarded as a separate species from the African elephant, the desert cousin differs in many ways. Their bodies are smaller, to absorb less heat, and their feet are larger for easier walking acrosssandy surfaces. They are taller, to reach higher branches. They have shorter tusks （象牙）, and most importantly, longer trunks to dig for water in riverbeds.Desert elephants can travel over 70 kilometers in search for feeding grounds and waterholes, and have a larger group of families. They drink only every 3-4 days, and can store water in a "bag" at the back of their throat, which is only used when badly needed. Desert elephants are careful feeders-they seldom root up trees and break fewer branches, and thus maintain what little food sources are available. Young elephants may even eat the dung （粪便） of the female leader of a group when facing food shortage.During drought they are unlikely to give birth to their young but with good rains the birthrate will increase greatly. Desert elephants have sand baths, sometimes adding their own urine （尿液） to make them muddy!As we continue to overheat our weak planet, it can only be hoped that other animal species will adapt as extraordinarily well to change as the desert elephant.(1) The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means "".A. remains in the African countriesB. drinks 120 liters of water a dayC. manages to live in desert areasD. eats 150 kilograms of food daily(2) Desert elephants are called careful feeders because they.A. rarely ruin treesB. drink only every 3-4 daysC. search for food in large groupsD. protect food sources for their young(3) The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with.A. stories and explanationB. facts and descriptionsC. examples and conclusionD. evidence and argument(4) What can be inferred from the last sentence in the passage?A. Overheating the earth can be stopped.B. Not all animal species are so adaptable.C. The planet will become hotter and hotter.D. Not all animals are as smart as desert elephants.24、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷（C篇）第69~71题8分Almost every child is scared of something, from monsters in the cupboard to dogs in the park. But the fact that such fears are common and normal doesn't mean they can be taken lightly. Kids experience fears and phobias（恐惧症）much more strongly than adults. And the influence of the fear can be physical as well as psychological（心理的）. It can build up so they almost seem scared of everything-a kind of childhood anxiety. Dr. Creswell says: "Your child may always seem to expect the worst to happen and lack confidence in his or her ability to deal with any challenge." So don't make the same old mistake of treating them as if they're silly for being a "scary cat". Handing the fears is essential.Children can be born nervous and, if you have such a baby, you'll tend to prevent them from getting worried. So if they fear dogs, you'll keep them away from dogs, but in fact that can just confirm to the child that dogs are scary. What is worse, keeping your child away from what they fear can turn that feeling into a phobia. Instead, you should encourage them to get in touch with the thing they fear, in a safe and supportive environment. Dr. Andy Field, a researcher of childhood fears, says: "You shouldn't force, for example, a dog anxious child to go up to a dog. But you can approach it yourself, show them there is nothing to be afraid of, stroke（抚摸）it, and talk about the dog being friendly. Once your child dares to stroke a dog-one that's good with children, of course-then you should encourage them to carry on until they feel calmer, and reward them for' being brave."(1) Children's fears are usually taken lightly because.A. they will not develop into phobiasB. their influence is psychologicalC. they exist widely in the worldD. they will disappear gradually(2) If we fail to help children to overcome fears, they will.A. make the same old mistakeB. overcome them by themselvesC. experience the worst of thingsD. grow up lacking self-confidence(3) According to Dr. Andy Field, if a child is afraid of a cat, parents should.A. tell the child not to be afraid of itB. show the child how to approach itC. keep the child away from itD. ask the child to stroke it25、【来源】 2007年湖北高考湖北卷（D篇）第72~75题8分Over the last 70 years, researchers have been studying happy and unhappy people and finally found out ten factors that make a difference. Our feelings of well-being at any moment are determined to a certain degree by genes. However, of all the factors, wealth and age are the top two.Money can buy a degree of happiness.But once you can afford to feed, clothe and house yourself, each extra dollar makes less and less difference.Researchers find that, on average, wealthier people are happier. But the link between money and happiness is complex.In the past half-century, average income has sharply increased in developed countries, yet happiness levels have remained almost the same. Once your basic needs are met, money only seems to increase happiness if you have more than your friends, neighbors and colleagues."Dollars buy status, and status makes people feel better, " conclude some experts, which helps explain why people who can seek status in other ways-scientists or actors, for example-may happily accept relatively poorly-paid jobs.In a research, Professor Alex Michalos found that the people whose desires-not just for money, but for friends, family, job, health-rose furthest beyond what they already had, tended to be less happy than those who felt a smaller gap（差距）. Indeed, the size of the gap predicted happiness about five times better than income alone. "The gap measures just blow away the only measures of income." says Michalos.Another factor that has to do with happiness is age. Old age may not be so bad "Given all the problems of aging, how could the elderly be more satisfied？" asks Professor Laura Carstensen.In one survey, Carstensen interviewed 184 people between the ages of 18 and 94, and asked them to fill out an emotions questionnaire. She found that old people reported positive emotions just as often as young people, some scientists suggest older people may expect life to be harder and learn to live with it, or they're more realistic about their time running out, older people have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of those that don't."People realize not only what they have, but also that what they have cannot last forever, " she says. "A goodbye kiss to a husband or wife at the age of 85, for example, may bring far more complex emotional responses than a similar kiss to a boy or girl friend at the age of 20."(1) According to the passage, the feeling of happiness.A. is determined partly by genesB. increases gradually with ageC. has little to do with wealthD. is measured by desires(2) Some actors would like to accept poorly-paid jobs because the jobs.A. make them feel much betterB. provide chances to make friendsC. improve their social positionD. satisfy their professional interests(3) Aged people are more likely to feel happy because they are more.A. optimisticB. successfulC. practicalD. emotional(4) Professor Alex Michalos found that people feel less happy if.A. the gap between reality and desire is biggerB. they have a stronger desire for friendshipC. their income is below their expectationD. the hope for good health is greater26、【来源】 2007年高考真题湖北卷第76~80题10分Imagine you're at a party full of strangers. You're nervous. Who are these people? How do you start a conversation? Fortunately, you've got a thing that sends out energy at tiny chips in everyone's name tag （标签）. The chips send back name, job, hobbies, and the time available for meeting-whatever. Making new friends becomes simple.This hasn't quite happened in real life. But the world is already experiencing a revolution using RFID technology.An RFID tag with a tiny chip can be fixed in a product, under your pet's skin, even under your own skin. Passive RFID tags have no energy source-batteries because they do not need it. The energy comes from the reader, a scanning device （装置）, that sends out energy (for example, radio waves) that starts up the tag immediately.Such a tag carries information specific to that object, and the data can be updated. Already, RFID technology is used for recognizing each car or truck on the road and it might appear in your passport. Doctors can put a tiny chip under the skin that will help locate and obtain a patient's medical records. At a nightclub in Paris or in New York the same chip gets you into the VIP (very important person) section and pays for the bill with the wave of an arm.Take a step back: 10 or 12 years ago, you would have heard about the coming age of computing. One example always seemed to surface: Your refrigerator would know when you needed to buy more milk. The concept was that computer chips could be put everywhere and send information in a smart network that would make ordinary life simpler.RFID tags are a small part of this phenomenon. "The world is going to be a loosely coupled set of individual small devices, connected wirelessly, " predicts Dr.J.Reich. Human right supporters are nervous about the possibilities of such technology. It goes too far tracking school kids through RFID tags, they say. We imagine a world in which a beer company could find out not only when you bought a beer but also when you drank it. And how many beers. Accompanied by how many biscuits.When Marconi invented radio, he thought it would be used for ship-to-shore communication. Not for pop music. Who knows how RFID and related technologies will be used in the future. Here's a wild guess: Not for buying milk.(1) The article is intended to.A. warn people of the possible risks in adopting RFID technologyB. explain the benefits brought about by RFID technologyC. convince people of the uses of RFID technologyD. predict the applications of RFID technology(2) We know from the passage that with the help of RFID tags, people.A. will have no trouble getting data about othersB. will have more energy for conversationC. will have more time to make friendsD. won't feel shy at parties any longer(3) Passive RFID tags chiefly consist of.A. scanning devicesB. radio wavesC. batteriesD. chips(4) Why are some people worried about RFID technology?A. Because children will be tracked by strangers.B. Because market competition will become more fiercer.C. Because their private lives will be greatly affected.D. Because customers will be forced to buy more products.(5) The last paragraph implies that RFID technology.A. will not be used for such matters as buying milkB. will be widely used, including for buying milkC. will be limited to communication usesD. will probably be used for pop music五、书面表达（共25分）27、【来源】 2007年湖北高考湖北卷第81题25分湖北高考假设你是某中学学生会主席李华，你校与本地一所国际学样经常举办联谊活动。

一、ISP叫（网络服务供应商），要想是一个存放网 页的空间，必须向提供免费主页的ISP进行申请。 二、如何在网页上设置漂亮的背景？ 1.单击“网页属性”，弹出“网页属性”选项框。 2.单击“格式” 3. 单击“背景”下拉按钮 4.选择颜色 5.单击“确定” 三、如何将主页与其他页面链接起来？ 1.打开第一次编辑好的主页，输入“乐园首页”并选 中 2.单击“超链接”按钮 3.选中自己的作业某个文件 4.单击“确定”
一、图像是网页的重要组成部分，它使网页更 加漂亮、生动。网页一般支持两种格式的图像 （GIF）和（JPG）。 二、如何在网页上添加图像？ 1.将光标移动到要插入图像的地方，执行“插 入”－“图片”－“来自文件”菜单命令，弹 出“选择文件”对话框。 2.选择要插入的图片文件 3. 单击“确定”，图片插入到编辑区 三、图片的插入方式有多种，根据需要可以从 （当前打开的网站），（本地磁盘）或 （WWW网站上）选择图像，也可以从扫描仪 或其他数字输入设备获取图像。
一、如何添加电子邮件超链接？ 1.打开主页，输入“电子邮件”并选中 2.单击鼠标右键，弹出快捷菜单，单击“超链 接” 3.单击“电子邮件”按钮 4.输入电子邮件地址 5.单击“确定” 二、如何设置滚动字幕？ 1.单击“插入”。 2.入“欢迎登录”等 5.选择“滚动条” 6.选择背景颜色
一、Frontpage 2003窗口的页面编辑区左下角，有（设计） （拆分）（代码）（预览）四个按钮，单击其中一个，即可切 换到相应的视图模式。 二、如何创建一个新站点？ 1.单击“文件” 2.选择“新建” 3.单击“由一个网页组成的网站” 4.单击“只有一个网页的站点” 5.选择站点存放位置 6.单击“确定” 三、如何设置字体的颜色？ 1.选择字体颜色 （1）单击“A” （2）选择颜色。 2.若选择其他颜色 （1）单击“其他颜色”， （2）单击“选择”，选 （3）定颜色，

2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国2卷）英语试卷第I卷（选择题）第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：haveA.gave B．save C.hat D.made答案是C。

1.stopA.loseB.womanC.shockD.rose2.breatheA.thickB.southernC.mathematicsD.method3.groundA.houseB.countryC.groupD.cough4.centerA.oceanB.decideC.causeD.socialist5.animalA.acheB.anythingC.advanceD.anxious第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：We _______ last night ,but we went to the concert instead.A.must have studiedB.might studyC.should have studiedD.would study答案是C。

6. — We have booked a room for today and tomorrow.—_______, sir.A. I'm sureB. My pleasureC.It's all rightD. I'll check7. _______ felt funny watching myself on TV.A. OneB. ThisC.ItD. That8. _______ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.A. IfB. SinceC.ThoughD. When9. After two years' research, we now have a _______ better understanding of the disease.A. veryB. farC.fairlyD. quite10. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _______ one.A. better-knownB. well-knownC.best-knownD. most-known11. If Joe' s wife won' t go to the party, _______.A. he will eitherB. neither will heC.he neither willD. either he will12. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _______could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedC.being opened and closedD. to open and close13.1 have _______ all my papers but I still can't find my notes.A. looked throughB. looked forC.looked afterD. looked out14. —I'm sony to have kept you waiting.— _______, Bill.A. You' re welcomeB. Go aheadC.Don't mention itD. No problem15. — Is there anything wrong. Bob? You look sad.—Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ______ of my friends back home.A. have just thoughtB. was just thinkingC.would just thinkD. will just be thinking16. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _______ money these days.A. forB. exceptC.besidesD. with17. _______ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. WhatB. WhyC.WhereD. Which18. Why don't you just _______ your own business and leave me alone?A. makeB. openC.considerD. mind19. — Could you tell me the way to _______ Johnsons, please?—Sorry, we don' t have _______ Johnson here in the village.A. the; theB. the; a C不填; the D. the; 不填20. —Tom, you didn't come to the party last night?—I _______, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.A. had toB. didn'tC.was going toD. wouldn't第三节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选项涂黑。

2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）英语试卷本试卷共16页，全卷满分150分，考试用120分钟。

注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题在每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；完成句子和书面表达题用0.5毫米黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上相对应的区域内，答在试题卷上无效。

3．考试结束，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案划在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读了一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A．$ 19.15. B．$9.15 C．$9.18答案是B．1．Why does the woman want to go to America?A．To take language courses.B．To attend a conference.C．To visit some friends.2．What do know about Peter Smith?A．He is having lunch a home.B．He is out at the moment.C．He is talking with Mary;3．What is said about the woman?A．She spends more than she earns.B．She saves a lot each month.C．She has a tight budget.4．What do we know about the speakers?A．They are know traveling in Mexico.B．They have been to a festival in Mexico.C．They painted some pictures in Mexico.5．What is the woman doing?A．Helping children with AIDS.B．Raising money for African children.C．Collecting information on African children.第二节（共15小题；每小题4.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

项费用。 包括: 采购费、仓储费、工地保管费、仓储损耗。
⑸检验试验费：是指对建筑材料、构件和建筑安装物进行一般鉴定、检
查所发生的费用，包括自设试验室进行试验所耗用的材料和化学药品等费 用。不包括新结构、新材料的试验费和建设单位对具有出厂合格证明的材 料进行检验，对构件做破坏性试验及其他特殊要求检验试验的费用。
概预算阶段及方法 投资估算 投资控制 总概算 修正总概算 施工图预算 施工预算 竣工结算、竣工决算
竣工决算、工程决算审计
第一章：工程造价构成
附： 建设程序和各阶段工程造价确定示意图
长期计划
五年计划
预备项目计划
年度投资计划
项 目 建 议 书
可 行 性 研 究 报 告
设 计 工 作
建 设 准 备
建 设 实 施
第一章：工程造价构成
二、基本建设及其分类 1、基本建设：是指投资建造固定资产和形成物质基础的经济活动，凡 是固定资产扩大再生产的新建、扩建、改建及其与之有关的活动均
称基本建设。
2、基本建设投资：是指用于基本建设的资金，即以货币表现的基本建 设工作量。
第一章：工程造价构成
• 3、基本建设的分类： • ⑴按建设性质分为新建、扩建、改建、迁建、恢复建设等； • ⑵按建设规模分为大型、中型、小型等；
程、装饰工程、水电安装工程等。单位工程造价一般由编制施工
图预算（或单位工程设计概算）确定。 • 4、分部工程：它是单位工程的组成部分。它是按照建筑物或构筑 物的结构部位或主要的工种工程划分的工程分部。如基础工程、 主体工程、钢筋混凝土工程等。 • 5、分项工程（定额子目）：它是分部工程的组成部分。一般按照 施工过程、施工工序、施工方法、材料规格、结构特征、构件名 称、作用、用途等划分。如混凝土工程中分的柱、梁、板等。

2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅱ卷）英语（适用省份：山西、广西、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、海南、重庆、贵州、云南、西藏、甘肃、新疆）第一部分听力（1—20小题）在笔试结束后进行。

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

AChoice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced WalkersThe Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.Walk 1 — The Natural WorldWith environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00Start Point: Scratoes BridgeWalk Duration: 6 hoursWalk 2 — Introduction to HillwalkingEmmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00Start Point: Deerpark Car ParkWalk Duration: 5 hoursWalk 3 — Moonlight Under the StarsWalking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch（手电筒）along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30Start Point: The Town HallWalk Duration: 3 hoursWalk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish ForestThis informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation AreaWalk Duration: 1.5 hours21. Which walk takes the shortest time?A. The Natural World.B. Introduction to Hillwalking.C. Moonlight Under the Stars.D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.22. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do?A. Wear proper clothes.B. Join a walking club.C. Get special permits.D. Bring a survival guide.23. What do the four walks have in common?A. They involve difficult climbing.B. They are for experienced walkers.C. They share the same start point.D. They are scheduled for the weekend.BDo you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.Well, there’s a kiosk（小亭）for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.“You enter the fare gates（检票口）and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”Ridership on transit（交通）systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit?Trost thinks so.“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.And you’ll never be without something to read.24. Why did BART start the kiosk program?A. To promote the local culture.B. To discourage phone use.C. To meet passengers’ needs.D. To reduce its running costs.25. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk?A. By popularity.B. By length.C. By theme.D. By language.26. What has Trost been doing recently?A. Organizing a story contest.B. Doing a survey of customers.C. Choosing a print publisher.D. Conducting interviews with artists.27. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future?A. It will close down.B. Its profits will decline.C. It will expand nationwide.D. Its ridership will increase.CWe all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm（BMF）shortens it even more.BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod（容器）to get the next growth cycle started.Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions（排放）from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1?A. It guarantees the variety of food.B. It requires day-to-day care.C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance.D. It relies on farmer’s markets.29. What information does the convenient app offer?A. Real-time weather changes.B. Current condition of the plants.C. Chemical pollutants in the soil.D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.30. What can be concluded about BMF employees?A. They have a great passion for sports.B. They are devoted to community service.C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.D. They have a strong environmental awareness.31. What does the text mainly talk about?A. BMF’s major strengths.B. BMF’s general management.C. BMF’s global influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.DGiven the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution（变革）.In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code （代码）that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity.We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. If read by someone poorly educated.B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.C. If written by someone less competent.D. If translated by someone unacademic.33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?A. It is packed with complex codes.B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.C. It provides step-by-step instructions.D. It is intended for AI professionals.34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development?A. Observe existing regulations on it.B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To recommend a book on AI.B. To give a brief account of AI history.C. To clarify the definition of AI.D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试第I卷第二部分英语知识运用（共两节．满分45 分）第一节单项填空（共15 小题．每小题l 分．满分15 分）从A、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ________ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B21. — Have you heard the latest news?—No, what ______A. is itB. is thereC. are theyD. are those22. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, — they learn simple games and songs.A. thenB. thereC. whileD. where23. The manager suggested an earlier date _______ the meeting.A. onB. forC. aboutD. with24. —It‟s a long time since I saw my sister.—_________ her this weekend‟A. Why not visitB. Why not to visitC. Why not visitingD. Why don‟t visit25. -The last one ____ pays the meal.-Agreed!A. arrived -B. arrivesC. to arriveD. arriving26. 1 won‟t call you, ________ something unexpected happens.A. unlessB. whetherC. becauseD. while27. —How‟s your tour around the North Lake? I s it beautiful?—It_______ be, but it is now heavily polluted.A. willB. wouldC. shouldD. must28. We all know that, _______, the situation will get worse.A. not if dealt carefully withB. if not carefully dealt withC. if dealt not carefully withD. not if carefully dealt with29. 1 smell something ___________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?A. burningB. burntC. being burntD. to be burnt30. Does this meal cost $50? I_______something far better than this!A. preferB. expectC. suggestD. suppose31. Between the two generations, It is often not their age, ______their education that causes misunderstanding. -A. likeB. asC. orD. but32. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I _________ there several years ago.A. are goingB. had beenC. wentD. have been33. —Can you read the sign, sir? No smoking allowed in the lift!A. Never mindB. Don‟t mention itC. Sure, I don‟t smokeD. Pardon me34. “Goodbye, then,” she said, without even ________ from her book.A. looking downB. looking upC. looking awayD. looking on35. The flowers were so lovely that they _________ in no time.A. soldB. had been soldC. were sold P. would sell第二节完形填空（共20 小题；共20小题，每小题1 . 5 分．满分30 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、 C 和 D ）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

河南省2024年普通高考适应性测试理科综合注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的考生号、姓名、考点学校、考场号及座位号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H1C12N14O16Na23S32Ca40一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分，共78分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.人类生活品质的提升离不开科技的进步。

下列说法正确的是A.作为纳米苂光材料的碳量子点属于胶体Fe OB.食品脱氧剂使用后，其中的铁粉转化成34C.人工转化二氧化碳合成的己糖属于高分子化合物C、环型碳14C和金刚石均是碳元素的同素异形体D.环型碳10【答案】D【解析】【详解】A．纳米苂光材料的碳量子点颗粒大小在胶体的范围内，但是没有分散剂，不能叫胶体，故A错误；Fe O，故B错误；B．食品脱氧剂使用后，其中的铁粉与空气中的氧气反应转化成23C．己糖的相对分子质量不大，不属于高分子化合物，故C错误；C、环型碳14C和金刚石都是碳元素的单质，是碳元素的同素异形体，故D正确。

D．环型碳10答案选D。

2.一种在航空航天、国防军工等领域具有应用前景的液晶聚芳酯G可由如下反应制备。

下列说法错误的是A.21p m =-，化合物X 为乙酸B.化合物F 最多有24个原子共平面C .反应说明化合物E 可发生缩聚反应D.聚芳酯G 与稀24H SO 和NaOH 溶液均可反应【答案】B 【解析】【详解】A ．由上述方程式可以判断，X 为羟基和CH 3CO 结合成的乙酸分子，p 等于2m-1，故A 正确；B ．F 中，左侧甲基上的3个氢有1个可能与右边的分子整体共平面，故最多有25个原子可能共平面，故B 错误；C ．由方程式可知，E 分子中含有酯基和羧基，E 也可以发生缩聚反应，故C 正确；D ．聚芳酯G 中含有酯基，稀24H SO 和NaOH 溶液均可发生水解反应，故D 正确。

2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试压轴卷（T8联盟）英语试题（二）2024.05.06第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. £ 19. 15.B. £ 9. 18.C. £ 9. 15.答案是C。

1. How old is Tom now?A. Fifteen.B. Fifty.C. Fifty-five.2. Where does the woman like to go this summer?A. To France.B. To Australia.C. To China.3. What will the man do to his sister next time?A. Shout at her rudely.B. Talk to her kindly.C. Play with her quietly.4. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A match.B. A computer game.C. The exam result.5. What does the woman think is the most important?A. Keep a balance.B. Work hard.C. Relax enough.第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

绝密★启用前2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅱ卷）英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.18.C. ￡9.15.答案是C。

1. What will Jack probably do this weekend?A. Go camping.B. Visit a friend.C. Watch a film.2. What does the woman ask the man to do?A. Take care of her bags.B. Pack the food for her.C. Check the train schedule.3. When will the man see Bob?A. This Friday.B. This Saturday.C. Next Monday.4. Why does the man apologize?A. For the terrible food.B. For the overcharge.C. For the waiter’s rudeness.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. Writing a book.B. Holding a celebration.C. Buying a present.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语猜题卷（一）学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Emerald Coast Science Center Field TripsBring your group or class to explore our hands-on Science Center now which provides wonderful learning opportunities for students all along the Emerald Coast!Hands-on fun Every field trip includes a Makerspace activity and a 30-minute close encounter with our animals under the guidance of an educator.Lessons for all agesLessons can be changed to suit the needs of most grade levels and include knowledge of different areas. But remember: such lessons charge an additional fee and must be planned in advance.For a list of the types of field trip lessons we currently offer, please click here to download our Education Program Guide.Pricing information●$12per student;1 free guardian every 10 students, additional guardians $6 each; teachers are always free.●Minimum fee of $120 per field trip.●Same-day field trips are limited to up to 105 students.●The group for field trips that does not arrive within 30 minutes past their scheduled arrival time will be charged a $100 service fee to accommodate scheduling issues.●No Show/No Call bookings are charged a $100 cancellation fee.●Okaloosa County only: Up to 6 free economically disadvantaged students per booking.To book a field trip, please call Lisa at 850-664-1261. Please choose your preferred date and two alternate dates you would like to book before calling. We will email you a confirmation of your booking.1．What do the Science Center field trips offer?A．Tailored lessons.B．Animal training.C．Trips to the Emerald Coast.D．A half-hour Makerspace activity. 2．How much should a group of 9 students with 1 guardian and 1 teacher pay?A．$108.B．$114.C．$120.D．$126. 3．What type of writing is the text?A．A museum guide.B．An online ad.C．A commercial report.D．An activity review.Christianna Alexander, a high school girl, is the founder of Sweet Christi’s, a company that makes all-natural, plant-based soaps looking like delicate desserts. At 12, Christianna decided she wanted to start a business. Her three business ideas were baking, arts and crafts (手工艺品), and soap. Baking turned out to be more of a challenge than she expected, and her paintings and drawings didn’t sell as she hoped. Not one to give up easily, Christianna turned her passion into purpose by creating Sweet Christi’s.Meanwhile, Christianna also started a nonprofit focused on the education of girls through STEM. But that’s not all this teen CEO does: she is involved in many practical things, and she’s a speaker at several youth conferences and also the author of the children’s book Stay Sweet and Never Miss a Beat.Recently, Richard Cuff, founder of NASEMBA Business Alliance, announced the 15-year-old would serve as Youth Ambassador for the Operation ECLIPSE campaign which advocates for the positive representation of local entrepreneurs (企业家) and stresses the economic impact that the entrepreneurs are having on the local economy. Through Operation ECLIPSE, NASEMBA Business Alliance’s goal is to raise funds to back local programmes to benefit small businesses while helping political leaders better understand the historical and social significance of local entrepreneurial families. “We will work with our political leaders who want to close the wealth gap by shaping policies that will direct financial aid to young entrepreneurs,” said Richard.“Having an instructor is important and I can’t put into words how important it is to be able to talk to successful entrepreneurs,” said Christianna. “The campaign also encourages business owners and managers to give advice or guidance to young entrepreneurs while supporting plans that provide direction to benefit our at-risk youth. I believe entrepreneurs can help address many social issues with love. The campaign would shine a bright light on the young entrepreneurs, and enable us to become better.”4．Why did Christianna start the soap business?A．To avoid failure.B．To meet a challenge.C．To realize her ambition.D．To fun d the nonprofit.5．Which qualities of Christianna are stressed in paragraph 2?A．Caring and active.B．Visionary and independent.C．Academically-minded and brave.D．Strong-willed and industrious. 6．What does NASEMBA Business Alliance aim to do?A．Bridge the gap between rich and poor.B．Raise money for campaigns.C．Explore entrepreneurial families’ impacts.D．Support local small businesses. 7．What does Christianna say about Operation ECLIPSE?A．It solves many social problems.B．It provides new insights into leadership.C．It helps protect the youth from potential risks.D．It advocates the experiencedassisting the young.Millions of tourists travel to parks each year to enjoy the bright colors of fall—but ecologists say the familiar reds, oranges and yellows of fall foliage (叶子) are coming later in the season. “In New England, generally the fall foliage tends to peak in mid-October,” said Richard Primack, a professor of plant ecology. “But because of a warming climate, the peak of fall foliage is tending to move from kind of early to middle October to kind of middle to late October.”Predicting precisely when the leaves will turn from green to red, orange and yellow in fall depends in part on the geographic area, the species and the amount of rainfall, and climate change can largely determine the timing. And leaves of trees with harmful insects will drop sooner, according to Christy Rollinson, a forest ecologist. “Bright colors are associated with a healthy tree, because some colors take energy for the tree to produce.”Peak color used to last for about two weeks, but for certain species, that period might be becoming more condensed as higher temperatures continue late into the fall because the rate at which days get shorter throughout the season remains the same. So future generations might just have to be ready to travel at a moment’s notice to catch a peak period in parts of the country.Such changes could affect the tourism industry surrounding leaf peeping (看), according to Sarah Blount, a researcher at the National Environmental Education Foundation. She underscored how important it is to try to improve peak timing predictions. “There’s so much money attached to it,” she said. “People want to buy a plane ticket to go somewhere and don’t want to find that it turns out that it’s too late and all the leaves are gone or it’s too early, so there is a lot of focus on trying to improve the information that we have about that. ”8．What do Richard’s words show?A．The lateness of peak fall foliage.B．The rareness of a trend.C．The impacts of climate change.D．The mass appeal of fall colors. 9．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A．Visible signs of the coming of fall.B．The timing of colorful fall foliage.C．Factors in fall foliage’s changing colors.D．Determinants of the brightness of colors. 10．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “condensed” in paragraph 3?A．Irregular.B．Important.C．Lengthy.D．Brief. 11．What does Sarah Blount imply?A．The country relies heavily on tourism.B．Predicting peak foliage precisely is vital.C．It takes effort to protect the environment.D．Scheduling leaf-peeping trips early is better.Consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has increased over the past 20 years. UPFs contain few or no whole foods, are industrially produced, are ready-to-eat or ready-to-heat, and include additives. The ultra-processing of food lessens its nutritional value. It has been known that higher UPF consumption is associated with overweight and heart disease. Now, research has been extended to examine its impact on mental health.In a new study, over 72,000 participants who were at least 55 years old and didn’t have dementia (痴呆) at the start of the study were followed for an average of 10 years, during which they filled out questionnaires regarding their diet. By the end of the study, 518 people were diagnosed (诊断) with dementia. After adjusting for other factors that could affect risk of dementia such as age, gender, and heart disease, researchers found every 10 percent increase in daily intake of UPFs was associated with a 25percent higher risk of dementia. They also found replacing 10 percent of UPFs with unprocessed or minimally processed foods was associated with a 19 percent lower risk of dementia.In another study, researchers found individuals who consumed the most UPFs had statistically significant increases in the symptoms (症状) of mild depression, “mentally unhealthy days”, and “anxious days”. Eric Hecht, Founder and Executive Director of the Institute of Etiological Research, said, “More than 70 percent of packaged foods in the US are classified as UPFs and represent about 60 percent of all calories consumed by Americans. Given the degree of exposure to and effects of UPF consumption, this study has greatsignificance in clinical practice and public health. It might help improve future development of dietary guidelines.”Facing such alarming data, maybe it’s time for Americans to reconsider their food options. Researchers recommend taxes on UPFs and carrying out policies to reduce the consumption. They also support programs and policies to increase the availability and affordability of whole foods, especially among disadvantaged populations.12．What do we know about UPFs?A．They have no nutritional value.B．They are ready-made and instant foods.C．They are cheap and mass-produced.D．They serve as additions to our daily diets.13．What’s Eric Hecht’s attitude toward the new study?A．Positive.B．Doubtful.C．Mixed.D．Conservative. 14．What do researchers suggest doing?A．Collecting higher taxes on UPFs.B．Decreasing UPFs’ share in diet.C．Focusing on the nutrient content of foods.D．Increasing public awareness of whole foods.15．Which can be a suitable title for the text?A．Public Health Response to UPFs B．Physical Disorders Linked to UPFsC．Rising Consumption of UPFs in the US D．Negative Effects of UPFs on Mental HealthCultural intelligence, or cultural quotient (CQ) is the ability to manage cultural diversity.16 It also involves understanding and appreciating cultural differences and being able to adapt to those differences.17 For one thing, it can help you avoid misunderstandings and communication breakdowns with people from other cultures. For another, it enables you to build strong relationships with them. Want to improve your CQ? Try the following tips.If you’re unfamiliar with the culture, chances are you’re not going to adapt well to it. So the first practical aspect of CQ you need to improve is your CQ drive. 18 This drive is the first step towards higher CQ that may help you be open to new possibilities. All you have to do is explore the new situation you find yourself in.After you’ve motivated yourself to get a bit more familiar with the culture, it’s time togo one step further. 19 Of course, this doesn’t mean you need to become an expert in the said culture. Simply, you should try to get to know the ways in which that culture forms and influences its people’s values and behavior.Lastly, you need to use what you have learned and come up with a strategy that will help you improve your CQ. You can expose yourself to various media. This is a useful and easily accessible way to learn about how culture affects behavior. Again, it helps if you learn the language of the culture. This may open a whole new world for you. 20A．You should broaden your CQ knowledge.B．There are many benefits of having high CQ.C．To be culturally intelligent is no easy matter.D．This means your motivation to learn about a different culture.E．Seek out opportunities to interact with people from other cultures.F．This ability is not limited to your cultural sensitivity and awareness.G．It can help you better understand people from other cultures as well.二、完形填空Figure skating is a vital part of my life. I can still remember my first 21 on ice. I was attracted immediately and desired to learn figure skating. However, I found it was a bit of a 22 . Initially, I could only grasp the railings (栏杆) to 23 myself and walk slowly along. Despite constant 24 , I just got up again and made much commitment: I kept practicing almost all the time except school hours. Gradually, I 25 the skills.Sometimes figure skating is 26 as an art form rather than a sport, but to me it’s both. The delicate 27 between artistry and athleticism, and the performances with only a pair of thin blades (冰刀) are 28 . Though beautiful and impressive, figure skating is physically 29 —the amount of athleticism required is fairly high.For the majority of my younger years I skated 30 , at both local and regional levels. But 31 struck at the near peak of my career - I had a concussion (脑震荡). Though I 32 after continuous treatment, I’d missed the best age for skating. So I 33 it into a hobby.Out of all the experiences in my life, figure skating has probably been the most 34 . It taught me the importance of discipline and self-confidence, and I learned 35 ,which made me accountable for my own actions and achievements.21．A．slipping B．rolling C．stepping D．playing 22．A．near thing B．hard nut C．big hit D．fat chance 23．A．enjoy B．encourage C．comfort D．support 24．A．falls B．attempts C．walks D．complaints 25．A．applied B．mastered C．upgraded D．shared 26．A．figured out B．focused on C．picked up D．referred to 27．A．comparison B．arrangement C．balance D．exchange 28．A．hair-raising B．far-reaching C．high-sounding D．mind-blowing 29．A．powerful B．demanding C．beneficial D．accessible 30．A．perfectly B．secretly C．competitively D．occasionally 31．A．failure B．misfortune C．opportunity D．criticism 32．A．recovered B．succeeded C．rested D．suffered 33．A．absorbed B．developed C．classified D．transformed 34．A．pleasant B．attractive C．significant D．personal 35．A．responsibility B．enthusiasm C．insistence D．determination三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（2）英语本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

第一卷1至10页。

第二卷11至14页。

考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一卷第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一部分语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1. hearA. nearlyB. searchC. bearD. heart2. changeA. machineB. headacheC. techniqueD. research3. surpriseA. policeB. apologizeC. bridgeD. children4. safelyA. baseB. seasonC. AsiaD. usual5. museumA. subjectB. trueC. hugeD. busy第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

6. –Will you be able to finish your report today?- .A. I like itB. I hope soC. I‟ll do soD. I‟d love it7. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, ?A. do youB. can weC. will youD. shall we8. Your story is perfect; I‟ve never heard before.A. the better oneB. the best oneC. a better oneD. a good one9. It was not until she got home Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. before10. We hope that as many people as-possible join us for the picnic tomorrow.A. needB. mustC. shouldD. can11. It is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A. useB. helpC. timeD. way12.ohn, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent＄3,000 more than he for the wedding.A. will planB. has plannedC. would planD. had planned13. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, , in fact, there were 40.A. whileB. whetherC. whatD. which 14．-Did you take enough money with you ?-- No, I needed ______ I thought I would.A. not so much asB. as much asC. much more thanD. much less than15. Mary wanted to travel around the word all by herself, but her parents did not _______ her to do so.A. forbidB. allowC. followD. ask16.-what did your parents think about your decision?-They always let me do _____ I think I should.A. whenB. thatC. howD. what17.We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs_____ that all children like these thingsA. thinkingB. thinkC. to thinkD. thought18. There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get______ .A. betweenB. throughC. acrossD. beyond19.I know you don’t like ______ music very much. But what do you think of _____ music in the film we saw yesterday?A.不填；不填B. the ;theC. the ;不填D. 不填；the20. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _____ rising these days.A. was keepingB. keepC. keepsD. were keeping第三节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）语文本试卷第一、二、三大题为选择题，第四、五、六、七大题为非选择题，全卷共8页。

满分150分。

考试用时150分钟。

注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

答在试题卷上无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用0.5毫米黑色的签字笔直接答在答题卡上。

答在试题卷上无效。

4．考试结束，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

一、（15分，每小题3分）1．下列各组词语中加点的字是多音字，其中有两种读音的一组是（）A．舆论哄．然一哄．而散四处哄．传哄．逗小孩B．应．接不暇应．有尽有点头应．允应．答如流C．不顾劳累．日积月累．冗长累．赘连篇累．牍D．强．词夺理强．弩之未弱肉强．食生性倔强．2．下列各组词语中，有错别字的一组是（）A．战栗凭心而论众口铄金心有灵犀一点通B．溜达门可罗雀原形毕露置之死地而后生C．纰漏贻笑大方恼羞成怒冒天下之大不韪D．吞噬重整旗鼓共商国是一年之计在于春3．下列各句中，加点词使用不恰当的一句是（）A．中国女足姑娘昨日到达武汉，游东湖，爬磨山，逛江城闹市，赏江滩夜景，难得在大赛前奢侈．．地偷得一日闲情。

B．正是凭着坚忍．．精神，张骞打通西域，玄奘西行取经，鉴真东渡传教，郑和七下西洋，苏东坡吟唱“大江东去”，曹雪芹谱写“红楼”悲歌。

C．我站在畦间的沟里四望，嫩绿的叶子齐整地一顺偃在畦上，好似一幅图案画，心中顿生一种不可名状．．．．的快感。

D．由于发表网络歌曲的门槛很低，网友原创的歌曲都可以传到网络上去，这也造成了网络歌曲创作的鱼目混珠．．．．。

4．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是A．中国印章已有两千年的历史，它由实用逐步发展成为一种具有独特审美的艺术门类，受到文人、书画家和收藏家的推崇。

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（新课标全国I卷）适用考区：福建、广东、河北、湖北、湖南、江苏、山东、浙江本试卷共12页。

考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项: 1. 答题前, 考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚, 将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。

2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂; 非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写, 字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3. 请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答, 超出答题区域书写的答案无效; 在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。

4. 作图可先使用铅笔画出, 确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5. 保持卡面清洁, 不要折叠, 不要弄破、弄皱, 不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

第一部分听力（1-20小题）在笔试结束后进行。

第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

ABike Rental & Guided ToursWelcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.PricesOver the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organis ms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”4．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone.C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor.5．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem.C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco-machine.6．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A．To review John’s research plans. B．To show an application of John’s idea.C．To compare John’s different jobs. D．To erase doubts about John’s invention. 7．What is the basis for John’s work?A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water to survive.C．Life on Earth is diverse. D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.CThe goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s rig ht for you.To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carryin g out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.8．What is the book aimed at?A．Teaching critical thinking skills. B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C．Solving philosophical problems. D．Promoting the use of a digital device.9．What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?A．Clear-up. B．Add-on. C．Check-in. D．Take-over.10．What is presented in the final chapter of part one?A．Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods.C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses.11．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A．Use them as needed. B．Recommend them to friends.C．Evaluate their effects. D．Identify the ideas behind them.DOn March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.12．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A．The methods of estimation. B．The underlying logic of the effect.C．The causes of people’s errors. D．The design of Galton’s experiment. 13．Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimates C．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent14．What did the follow-up study focus on?A．The size of the groups. B．The dominant members.C．The discussion process. D．The individual estimates.15．What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

四级写作——应用文一、申请信Application Letter申请信有很多种，有求职申请信、有加入某组织的申请信、有报考申请信、有申请学位或留学申请信，等等。

无论哪一种申请信，一般都包括这样几个部分：申请的原因，具备的条件，恳请申请单位考虑自己的申请，并表示谢意，期望回复。

写作“三步走”：开宗明义说明申请原因—>展开原因—>期盼回复、表示感谢Tips: 语言言简意赅，语气诚恳礼貌。

要避免不符合事实的浮夸。

如果是留学申请和奖学金申请，要注意提供以下信息：写明申请学校和专业，简介个人履历，索取对方学校相关信息，附上个人经历等材料。

万能句型：I am writing to express my great interest in…I would like to apply as a qualified candidate.As I am an X major…Should you grant me an interview, I would be most grateful.申请信常用句型1. In reply to your advertisement in ~, I respectfully offer my services for the situation.2. With reference to your advertisement in ~ for a / an ~, I offer myself for the post.3. Please consider me an applicant for the position which you advertised in ~.4. Having noticed the enclosed advertisement in ~, I wish to apply for the position referred to.5. In answer to your advertisement in ~ for a ~, I wish to tender my services.6. Y our advertisement for a ~ in ~ has interested me. I feel I can fill that position.7. Shall you need an experienced ~ for your ~ next SUMMER?8. I have been for over five years in the employment of a / an ~ company9. I have been in the business for the last ~ years, and worked as the director of the…department.10. I've had ~ years' experience with a company as a ~.11. For the last ~ years, I have been and still am a / an ~.12. I'm ~ years of age, female / male, and have had ~ years' experience in a limited company's ~ office13. I should be very glad to have a personal interview and can furnish references if desired.14. If you desire an interview, I shall be most happy to call in person, on any day and at any time you may appoint.15. Should you think favorably of my application, kindly grant me an interview.16. I trust that you'll give this application your favorable consideration.17. Should you give me a trial, I’ll do my utmost to afford you every satisfaction. Directions:Being a volunteer for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is your strong wish. Write a letter to the Beijing Olympic Committee to state your application to be a volunteer, describe your qualifications, and express the appreciation of an interview.Y ou should write about 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use ―Li Ming‖ instead.Do not write the address.范文：Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing to express my great interest in the ―Olympic V olunteer Recruitment‖ launched recently by the Beijing Olympic Committee, and I would like to apply as a qualified candidate.As I am an English major, my fluency in both Mandarin and English, as well as my basic command of French, guarantees that I meet the language requirement for the various volunteer positions. More importantly, I have been an enthusiastic participant in many international exchange programs—which are reflected in my attached resume—and therefore, I believe my communication skills make me competent for such a post.Should you grant me an interview, I would be most grateful.Y ours trulyLi Ming译文：尊敬的先生或女士：我对北京奥组委最近启动的―奥运会志愿者招募‖活动十分感兴趣，我认为我是一个合格的人选并且在此向您推荐我自己。

绝密☆启用前试卷类型：B 2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）英语本试题卷共16页。

全卷满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型B后的方框涂黑。

2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。

3.完成句子和短文写作题用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将答案直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。

4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第二部分：英语语言知识运用（共三节，满分55分）第一节：多项选择（共10小题；第小题1分，满分10分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know theirA.strengthsB.benefitsC.techniquesD.values 答案是A。

21.This magazine is very with young people, who like its content and style.A.familiarB.popularC.similarD.particular 【解析】B 本题考查固定短语搭配的形容词，根据语境可以判断，应该是受欢迎，因为后面的非限制定语从句表示年轻人喜欢它杂志的内容和风格。

所以答案选B。

22.Emergency line opertors must always calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.A.growB.appearC.becomeD.stay【解析】D本体考查的是情态动词后的动词原形的词义辨析，根据calm，可以推测该动词为系动词，再根据语境，可以得知是保持平静的意思，所以可以填remain 一类的词，D选项符合词义。