现在分词和过去分词
真题再现
1.Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____ the sun and the stars.
A. used
B. having used
C. using
D. use
2. In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared, _______the sense of “information” and "atmosphere".
A. combine
B. combined
C. combining
D. being combined
3. The park was full of people _________ themselves in the sunshine
A. having enjoyed
B. enjoyed
C. enjoying
D. to enjoy
4. ______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A. To work
B. Worked
C. To be working
D. Having worked
5. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _______ live is quite another.
A. perform
B. performing
C. to perform
D. being performed
6. ____ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
A. Being raised
B. Raising
C. Raised
D. To raise
7. ______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
A. To absorb
B. To be absorbed
C. Absorbed
D. Absorbing
8. Little Tom sat watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
A. amaze
B. amazing
C. amazed
D. to amaze
9. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother _______ good care of at home.
A. taking
B. taken
C. take
D. be taken
10. Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.
A. to leave
B. leaving
C. leave
D. left
11. If ___for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted
12.Much time ________ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A. being spent
B. having spent
C. spent
D. spending
13. When the clerk saw a kind of face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, _________ whether to stay or leave.
A. wondering
B. wonder
C. to wonder
D. wondered
答案与解析：
1. C。句意：像古代的水手一样，鸟儿们能够利用太阳和星星发现他们的行程。birds和use 之间是主动关系，故D正确。
2. C。现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词通常表示被动的关系。根据该句意思：最近几
年，一个叫做infosphere的英语单词出现了，结合了“信息”和“气氛”这两个单词。这里的结合与前面新出现的单词的关系是主动的，故选C。
3. C。本题考查非谓语动词作定语，对于people来说是“主动享受”，而且和there be的状态同步进行，选现在分词作定语。
4. D。句意：工作了两天，Steve成功地按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve，与work之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，又因为强调已经工作两天了，所以用现在分词的完成式having worked，表示动作的先后性。故选D。
5. D。句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb/sth doing 听到某人某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。
6. C。句子主语he和raise（及物动词，抚养）之间是被动关系，A表被动、进行，C被动完成。故C正确。
7. C。本题考查的是过去分词的用法。句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到傍晚来临了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语表状态，be省略。故选C。
8. C。句意：小Tom坐在那儿看猴子在他面前跳舞，感到无比惊讶。过去分词变成的形容词在句子作状语，表示状态。过去分词表示人的感觉，所以选C。
9. B。考查非谓语动词的过去分词的用法，his mother和take care of 是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语不足语。
10. D。句意：如果电子游戏落入一个错误的人手中就能够产生一个不良影响。
11.D。句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。根据选项可知本题考查非谓语动词。本题非谓语动词的主语为“you”，根据题意得知，与选项“accept”构成被动关系，因此选择“accepted”。
12. C。本题考查过去分词做定语，spend和time之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。
13. A。句意：当店员看到一张漂亮的脸上挤出一副抱歉的笑容时，她像扎根似的定在了那里，想着是去是留。此句的谓语动词是stood，所以wonder在此用ing形式作一个伴随状语。故选A。
知识讲解
现在分词的时态
过去分词没有时态形式的变化，此处只讲现在分词的时态形式。
一般式：doing
完成式: having done
完成被动式：having been done
现在分词一般式表示动作与谓语动作同时发生，或在谓语动词所表示的动作之前或后发生。Working together with Dr. Bethune, we learnt a lot from him.
Knowing that they were going abroad next week, they began to make preparations.
He came up to me，saying “Glad to see you again.”
现在分词完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，常常用作状语，表示时间或原因。Having done his homework, the schoolboy began to write his diary. (having done his homework
发生在began之前，表示时间。)
Not having done it right, I tried again. (not having done发生在tried之前，表示原因。) Having been told to keep silent, they didn’t say a word.
分词的否定结构
现在分词的否定式由not后加现在分词构成：
Not knowing what to do, she went to the teacher for help.
I left at noon, not staying for lunch.
过去分词表否定时，常借助un-等前缀表示。
The boy was left uncared for.
区别动名词和现在分词
二者形式完全相同，都是由动词原形加-ing构成。但是它们之间有根本的区别，它们除了都具有动词特征以外, 现在分词还具有形容词和副词特征，而动名词则具有名词特征。
现在分词在句中可充当定语、表语、补语（宾语补足语或主语补足语）、状语；动名词在句中可充当主语、宾语、同位语、表语、定语。
如果-ing形式在句中充当状语和补语，那么它一定是现在分词。
Hearing the news, he got very excited. (hearing 作时间状语)
I saw him going upstairs. (going作宾语补足语)
如果-ing形式在句中充当主语、宾语或同位语，那么它一定是动名词。
Studying English is our task. (studying作主语)
He likes playing football. 他喜欢踢足球。(playing作宾语)
His ambition, conquering the whole world, was never fulfilled. (conquering作同位语，是动名词。)
如果-ing形式在句中充当表语，-ing形式可能是现在分词，也可能是动名词。区分方法是：如果-ing形式相当于一个名词，与主语处于同等地位，可以与主语交换位置，那么它就是动名词；如果-ing形式相当于一个形容词，表示主语的性质或特征，不可以与主语交换位置，那么它就是现在分词。
His work is repairing bikes.= Repairing bikes is his work. (repairing为动名词)
The novel is interesting. (该句的表语与主语不能交换位置，interesting为现在分词。) 如果-ing形式在句中充当定语，那么它可能是现在分词，也可能是动名词。区分办法是：如果被修饰的名词与-ing形式之间有逻辑主谓关系，那么-ing形式就是现在分词；否则，-ing 形式是动名词。
a sleeping car=a car for sleeping (sleep与car没有逻辑主谓关系)
a sleeping boy= a boy who is sleeping (sleep与boy有逻辑主谓关系)
分词和分词短语作定语
分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词通常位于其所修饰的名词之前；
现在分词和过去分词的用法 现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。 表示伴随 1. 分词作状语：分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果（补充说明）、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。 【例】Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better. He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness. 分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。 【例】Not shavings enough hands, we turned to them for help.(we don't have enough hands) Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) Inspired by Leifeng, the people in China worked very hard to achieve their modernization. ____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6)
现在分词和过去分词的用法及实例分析 现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。 1)分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。 【例如】 Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.Given better attention, the plants could grow better. He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness. 分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。 【例如】 Not having enough hands, we turned to them for help. (We don't have enough hands). Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) .Inspired by the International, the working people of all countries have been fighting for their final liberation. (the working people were inspired/ inspire the working people)____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6) A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed 本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此，应用现在分词，答案为B. No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. (CET-4 1995,6) A) performing B) performed C) to be performed D) being performed 本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.
现在分词和过去分词主要的区别表现在语态和时间关系上。 1)语态上不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多由及物动词变来，表示被动的意思。试比较： surprising 使人感到惊讶的(主动) surprised 自己感到惊讶的(被动，即被惊讶的) an exciting story 一个令人兴奋的故事(主动) excited spectators 激动的观众(被动，即被引起激动的) a moving film 一部感动人的影片。 A moved audience 受感动的观众 A tiring journey 累人的旅行 A tired football player 累了的足球运动员 He told us many interesting things last night.他昨夜告诉我们许多有趣的事情。 She is interested in astronomy. 她对天文学有兴趣。 也有一些过去分词是由不及物动词变来的，它们只表示一个动作已完成，没有被动的意味。如：the risen sun 升起的太阳 fallen leaves 落叶 the exploded bomb 已爆炸了的炸弹 a retired miner 退休矿工 returned students 归国留学生 2)时间关系上不同：一般说来，现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往已经完成。试比较： the changing world 正在变化着的世界 the changed world 已经起了变化的世界 boiling water 正在开的水 boiled water 已经煮开过的水(可能是凉开水) developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 分词和分词短语的用法 1) 作定语作定语用的分词如果是单词，一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。如： I’m reading a very interesting book.我在读一本很有趣的书。 He likes to drink cold boiled water. 他喜欢喝凉开水。 分词短语作定语用时，一般皆放在它所修饰的名词的后面。它的功用相当于定语从句。如：China is a developing socialist country belonging to the Third world.中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家，属于第三世界。 (= which belongs to the Third World) The man sitting in the corner is my brother.坐在角落里的那个人是我的兄弟。(= who is sitting in the comer) Most of the people invited to the party did not come.被邀请参加晚会的人多数没有来。(= who were invited to the party.) 2)作表语 The opera is very moving and instructive. 这个歌剧很动人，且有教育意义。 The cups are broken. 这些杯子是破的。 He is married.他已经结婚了。 [注] 分词作表语用时，相当于形容词，不可与进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的
动词 一、五种基本形式： 英语中实义动词和系动词有五种基本形式，原形、现在式（用于第三人称单数）、过去式（用于过去时态）、过去分词（用于各种完成时态）和现在分词（用于各种进行时态）。 1、第三人称单数构成与名词由单数变复数
二、动词时态 定义：时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。 四类：一般时态、进行时态、完成时态和完成进行时态。每一类时态都对应四种时间：过去、现在、将来、过去将来。常用8种时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时和过去将来时。 1、一般现在时 常见频度副词有：always（总是，一直）,often, usually, never, sometimes等 地球围绕着太阳转：The earth moves around the sun.表客观存在的真理或科学事实。 公交车来了：Here comes the bus.以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。
2、一般过去时 有确定的时间状语，如：yesterday, two days ago, last+年/月/星期,the other day, just now, in the old days, the day before yesterday（前天），this morning/afternoon, at the age of+过去年龄段，when 引导的状语从句（过去），at+过去时间点，in+过去的年份等。 3、一般将来时 常用时间副词：tomorrow, soon，(today, tonight)时间状语短语：next year/week/month, in a few days, in the future等。 构成：will/shall+动词原形，be going to+动词原形，表示打算和预测。 特殊情形： be to+动词原形，表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。如：She is to practice the piano tomorrow. 她明天将练习钢琴。 用现在进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。 用一般现在时表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事。 be about to+动词原形，表示即将要发生的事。 4、现在进行时 常与look, listen, now连用 5、过去进行时 the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等标志性词语，主要表示过去某一时刻或表示过去某一阶段正在发生或进行的动作。 6、现在完成时： 常见时间状语：always, yet, just, ever, before，these days, recently, in the past/few时间段，since+时间点，for+时间段等。 构成：have/has+动词的过去分词 7、过去完成时 8、过去将来时 Would+动词原形
现在分词和过去分词的用法区别 （一）分词的作用 ·现在分词可用于： ·①构成进行时。e.g. We are studying English. ·②当副词作状语。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing. ·③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 ·e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air. ·I saw many birds flying along the river. ·The story is very moving. ·过去分词可用于： ·①构成完成时。 e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there. ·②构成被动语态。e.g. English is widely spoken in the world. ·③当副词作状语。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful. ·④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 ·e.g. a boy named Tom ·I saw the girl killed with my own eyes. ·I’m interested in English. （二）现在分词与过去分词的两大差别 1.在语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。 2.在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。 （三）确定分词的使用的具体步骤 （1）根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分 （2）找准逻辑主语 （3）判断主、被动关系 （4）选定现在或过去分词 1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing 3. What’s the language ____ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
现在分词（present participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。 一、现在分词的两个基本特点: 1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如： a developing country. 一个发展中的国家，boiling water 沸水， a developed country 一个发达国家，boiled water 白开水， 2. 在语态上表示主动。例如： the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级。 the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级） 二、构成形式和时态与语态 主动被动 一般式doing being done 完成式having done having been done 三、否定式： 所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not 四、现在分词的时态：现在分词本身不能表示具体的时间概念，其动作发生的时间只能是相对于谓语动作发生时间相对而言的。这一点和不定式用法相同。 a) 现在分词的一般式：doing 表示分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。或是谓语动作发生时，分词的动作正在发生过程中。 she smelt something burning.(smelt发生在burning的过程中。)她闻到有东西烧焦了。 she sat on the chair, reading a novel. b)现在分词的完成式：having done。表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。 Having worked for 2 hours, we had a rest. Not having received his letter, we all felt worried. 五、现在分词的语态： 现在分词用主动还是被动，决定于它的逻辑主语。如果现在分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的执行者，用主动。反之，用被动。 Entering the room, I found Tom watching TV. I knew the man sitting under the tree. (the man是sitting的逻辑主语，而且是分词动作的执行者，故分词用主动。) I found the car being washed. 六、现在分词的逻辑主语： a)如果分词在句子作定语，其逻辑主语就是被修饰的名词。
过去分词与现在分词的区别 一、现在分词 现在分词由动词加ing构成。 非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语。（一）、现在分词的两个基本特点。 1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如：a developing country. 一个发展中的国家，boiling water 沸水，rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。（试比较：a developed country 一个发达国家，boiled water 白开水，risen sun 升起的太阳） 2. 在语态上表示主动。例如：the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级。（试比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级） (二)、掌握现在分词的基本功能。 1. 现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征，此时可换成相应的定语从句。例如： ①There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light. ②He saw a flying bird and raised his bow. ③I was satisfied with the exciting speech. 2. 现在分词作状语时，可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。如：①The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here. ②European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. ③Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful. 3. 现在分词作补足语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。例如： ①Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes. ②The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. 4. 现在分词的独立主格结构作状语。例如： ①With his lips still trembling, he couldn't say a word. ②“Mama! ”he cried suddenly, tears rolling down his cheeks. “妈妈！”他突然哭着喊，泪水从他的脸上流下来。（这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构tears rolling down his cheeks 作状语。） ③Weather permitting, we'll go to the Great wall. 如果天气允许的话，我们就去长城。（这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构Weather permitting 作状语。） 二、过去分词 (一)、基本概念 1. 分词的定义 动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。
高二英语过去分词和现在分词 专项练习 I. 单项选择 1. ____ the house on fire, he dialed 119. A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen 2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth ____. A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix
3. We’re ___ to listen to her ____ voice. It’s ___to hear her sing. A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure 4. ___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps. A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy
5. ____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A. Comparing B. To compare C. Compared D. Having compared 6. Here are some new computer programs ____for home buildings. A. designing B. design C. designed D. to design 7. ____a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp. A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved
现在分词和过去分词的区别： 表示情感的及物动词如excite, discourage, disappoint, encourage, inspire, interest, move, please, puzzle, surprise, worry等，其分词常加上后缀-ing或-ed转化为分词（也可称为形容词），用作表、定、状或补语。在这种情况下，分词主要体现了语态的不同。现在分词有主动意味，含有“具有令人……的特性”的意思；而过去分词有被动意味，含有“受到影响而感到……”的意思。例如： In Aswan, there are plenty of interesting places to visit. 阿斯旺有许多值得一去的地方。 Some people whose lives are full are always interesting to talk to. 有些人的生活经历丰富，与他们交谈总是令人感兴趣的。 If I can find you any support, would you be interested? 假如我能为你找到资助，你对此有兴趣吗？ 但是，由不及物动词转化而成的分词作形容词时，则体现了时态的不同。现在分词表示该动作正在进行，而过去分词表示该动作已经完成。例如： The woodcutter was standing next to a fallen tree. 那个樵夫站在一棵伐倒的树旁。 fallen leaves落（在地上的）叶（比较：a falling leaf一片飘落的树叶） boiled water（煮）开（过的）水（比较：boiling water沸腾着的水） the risen sun升得老高的日头（比较：the rising sun初升的太阳） We are excited about the exciting news. 听到那条令人兴奋的消息我们都很兴奋 这是关于分词用作形容词的问题。过去分词，既动词+ed，表示一种被动的意念。指人受到某方面的因数影响，产生的一种情感。而，现在分词——动词+ing，表示的是主动的意念。是指某一事物或人具有什么样的特质，令他人产生某种情感的反应。例如： This film is very moving.“这部影片很感人”。是说影片具有的特质令人感动，起得是主动的作用。 We are moved to tears.“我们感动的流泪了”。是说我们受到影片的感动，处于被动的角度。
现在分词与过去分词的区别: 1,语态上不同:现在分词表主动,而及物动词的过去分词表被动. 2,时间关系上不同:现在分词表正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经过去的动作. 3,选用现在分词还是过去分词取决于分词所表示的动作与逻辑主语之间的时间关系.分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语. 分词的形式:以vt:write和vi:go为例, 1,现在分词:主动语态writing 被动语态being written 主动语态going 2,过去分词: 只有一种形式 written gone 现在分词和过去分词主要的区别表现在语态和时间关系上。 1)语态上不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多由及物动词变来，表示被动的意思。试比较： surprising 使人感到惊讶的(主动) surprised 自己感到惊讶的(被动，即被惊讶的) an exciting story 一个令人兴奋的故事(主动) excited spectators 激动的观众(被动，即被引起激动的) a moving film 一部感动人的影片。 A moved audience 受感动的观众 A tiring journey 累人的旅行 A tired football player 累了的足球运动员 He told us many interesting things last night.他昨夜告诉我们许多有趣的事情。 She is interested in astronomy. 她对天文学有兴趣。 也有一些过去分词是由不及物动词变来的，它们只表示一个动作已完成，没有被动的意味。如： the risen sun 升起的太阳 fallen leaves 落叶 the exploded bomb 已爆炸了的炸弹 a retired miner 退休矿工 returned students 归国留学生 2)时间关系上不同：一般说来，现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往已经完成。试比较： the changing world 正在变化着的世界 the changed world 已经起了变化的世界 boiling water 正在开的水 boiled water 已经煮开过的水(可能是凉开水) developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 分词和分词短语的用法 1) 作定语作定语用的分词如果是单词，一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。如： I’m reading a very interesting book.我在读一本很有趣的书。 He likes to drink cold boiled water. 他喜欢喝凉开水。 分词短语作定语用时，一般皆放在它所修饰的名词的后面。它的功用相当于定语从句。如：China is a developing socialist country belonging to the Third world.中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家，属于第三世界。 (= which belongs to the Third World)
过去分词和现在分词专项练习 I. 单项选择（75%） 1. ____ the house on fire, he dialed 119. A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen 2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth ____. A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix 3. We’re ___ to listen to her ____ voice.It’s ___to hear her sing. A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure 4. ___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps. A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy 5. ____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A. Comparing B. To compare C. Compared D. Having compared 6. Here are some new computer programs ____for home buildings. A. designing B. design C. designed D. to design 7. ____a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp. A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved 8. The teacher came into the classroom ____by his students. A. following B. to be following C. followed D. having followed 9. With the money ___, he couldn’t buy any ticket. A. to lose B. losing C. lost D. has lost 10. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn’t make himself ____. A. being heard B. hearing C. heard D. hear 11. The result of the test was rather _____. A. disappointed B. disappointing C. being disappointed D. disappoint 12. I’ve never heard the word ____in spoken English. A. use B. used C. using D. being used 13. _____how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing not D. Not known 14. Deeply __, I thanked her again and again. A. being moving B. moved C. moving D. to be moved 15. With winter _____on, it’s time to buy warm clothes. A. came B. comes C. come D. coming 16. ____the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building. A. Having shown B. Showing C. Has shown D. Having been shown 17. He went from door to door, ____waste papers and magazines. A. gathering B. gathered C. gather D. being gathered 18. The student corrected his paper carefully, ____the professor’s suggestions. A. follow B. following C. followed D. being followed 19. The ___price will save you one dollar for each dozen. A. reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduces
过去分词与现在分词专项练习 一、用括号所给动词的正确形式填空。 1.________ (see) from the top of the TV tower, the city looks beautiful. 2.All things _______ (consider), the planned trip will have to be called off. 3.He once heard the song _________ (sing) in German. 4.Please keep us _______(inform) of the latest developments. 5.____________ (give) a chance, he felt disappointed. 6.The bottle _________ (contain) the poison was sent to the laboratory. 7.When I went in the clinic, I saw the patient ________ (examine) by the doctor. 8.I received a letter ________ (ask) for more information about our products. 9.He let out my secret. He made it ________ (know) to all. 10.The mobile phone ________ (lie) on the desk belongs to me. 11.At this moment the bell rang, ___________(announce) the end of the class. 12.______________________ (give) a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly. 13.___________(compare) with the old one, the new house looks brighter. 14.People ________ (live) in the south have their house __________ (make) in bamboo. 15.The workers had the machines _______(run) all night long to finish the work on time. 16.A person _________ (learn) a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language, ________ (forget)all about his own. 17.Knowledge _________ (obtain) too easily will be soon __________ (forget). 18. _______ (know) how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. 19. The result of the test was rather ________ (disappoint). 20.A beggar died of cold, _________________(leave) his body exposed. A beggar died of cold, _________________(dress) in nothing. A beggar died of cold, _________________(wear) nothing. A beggar died of cold,_________________( have) nothing on. A beggar died of cold ,_________________(cover) with nothing. 21.You had better have your mistakes ___________ (correct). You should have him _____________ (correct) his mistakes. 22. When he woke up, he found himself __________ (surround) by strangers. When he woke up, he found strangers ____________ (surround) him.
选修八 Unit4 语法学案 现在分词和过去分词的用法区别 （一）分词的作用 ·现在分词可用于： ·①构成进行时。e.g. We are studying English. ·②当副词作状语。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing. ·③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 ·e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air. ·I saw many birds flying along the river. ·The story is very moving. ·过去分词可用于： ·①构成完成时。 e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there. ·②构成被动语态。e.g. English is widely spoken in the world. ·③当副词作状语。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful. ·④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 ·e.g. a boy named Tom ·I saw the girl killed with my own eyes. ·I’m interested in English. （二）现在分词与过去分词的两大差别 1.在语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。 2.在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。 （三）确定分词的使用的具体步骤 （1）根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分 （2）找准逻辑主语 （3）判断主、被动关系 （4）选定现在或过去分词 1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing 3. What’s the language ____ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
现在分词和过去分词的区别和用法 今天我们要学习的语法是：现在分词和过去分词的区别和用法。 我们先看看现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。 表示伴随 1. 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果（补充说明）、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。 Eg. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better. He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness. 分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。 Eg. Not shavings enough hands, we turned to them for help.(we don't have enough hands) Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) Inspired by Leifeng, the people in China worked very hard to achieve their modernization. ____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6) A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed 本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。