23个现在完成时的标志词（如to date）当然ever, never, just（方才/刚刚）, already（已经）, yet（到目前为止）, today, this morning/week/year也是可以使用现在完成时，并非是大多数原则。
——出现以下的词汇，通常使用“现在完成时”结构。
1)ever since, since, since then——3个
2)by now, so far, till/until now, up to now——5个
3)before, lately, recently——3个
4)in recent years；in the past——2个
5)in/for/over/during the last/past +时间段——2个
6)This/That/It is + 最高级结构… (that) +从句用现完——1个
7)This/That/It is the first/second… time (that) +从句用现完——1个
8)This/That/It is the only…(that) +从句用现完——1个
9)不很常见的up to the present, to date, thus far——3个
10)不很常见的long ago, from——2个
——以上的划分是为了讲解记忆的方便而已。
1.ever since, since, since then——3个
ever since, since中的since可以是副词，也可以是介词、连词；
since then为介词+名词（或副词）结构
《朗文英语语法》第309页9.25.2
与since和for连用的现在完成时
since和for常与现在完成时连用，表示直到现在的时段。
since（+时点）可用作：
since连词：
Tom hasn’t been home since he was a boy. 汤姆从小就不在家了。
since副词：
I saw Fiona in May and I haven’t seen her since.
我5月份见过菲奥娜，此后我就没有再见过她了。
since介词：
I’ve lived here since 1980. 自1980年起我就住在这儿。
since用作连词时，后面可跟一般过去时或现在完成时：
I retired in 1980 and cam e to live here. I’ve lived here since I retired.
我于1980年退休后就搬到这里。我自退休后就一直住在这儿。
（即我调休的时点：1980年）
I have lived here for several years now and I’ve made many new friends since I have lived here.
我已在这里住了好多年。从我在这里住下到现在，我已交了许多新朋友。（即一直到现在）
2.by now, so far, till/until now, up to now——5个
这几个是“到现在为止/到目前为主/迄今（为止）”，常使用现完——中考考点。《高阶英语语法》（增补本杜永文编著）第295页0433
If he sent the letter to me last Wednesday, why have not I received it by now?
如果上个星期三他把信寄给我了，为什么到现在我还不曾收到？
《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第1420页now词条
The meeting should have finished by now. 会议现在应该已经结束了。
《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》第785页far词条
so far: until now迄今为止；到目前为止
So far we’ve made thirty-two thousand pounds.
到目前为止，我们已经赚了32 000英镑。
《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第738页far词条
so far: until now迄今为止
So far we have restricted our attention to the local area.
迄今为止，我们都把注意力局限在当地。
《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第1420页now词条
up to now/ until now
Until now, we’ve had very mild weather this winter.
我们今年冬天的天气一直到现在都比较暖和。
《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第2155页up词条
Up to now they’ve had very little say. 一直到现在他们还很少有发言权。
3.before(now), lately, recently——3个
before必须是副词词性，强调的是“从现在开始追溯到过去的一段时间”，使用现完；
recently与lately相近，含义有两个“最近的/近来的，不久前的”，因此前者的含义大多使用现完结构，后者的含义使用一般过去时结构。
《朗文英语语法》第308页9.25.1
Olga hasn’t appeared on TV before now. 奥尔加在此以前没有上过电视。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第176页before词条
before: adv. at an earlier time以前；过去
Haven’t we met before? 我们以前没见过？
We haven’t had these problems before. 我们以前从未碰倒过这些问题。
《英语词汇用法手册》(L. G. 亚历山大编著)第159页late, lately词条
We haven’t seen you lately. 最近我们一直没见过你。（lately = 近来）
《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第五版第2394页smile词条
I haven’t had much to smile about lately. 近来我没什么开心的事情。
《葛传槼英语惯用法词典》第475页recently词条5.
recently可与修饰属于完成时态或过去时态的动词。例如：
I (have) heard from him recently.
《COBUILD柯林斯英汉双解词典》辛克莱著第1612页recently词条
I haven’t heard from her recently. 近来我没有接到她的信。
4.in recent years；in the past——2个
上海高考英语2015年考查过in recent years这个结构；
in the past可以使用过去时与现在完成时等结构
《新概念英语》第二册第58课 A blessing in disguise? 是因祸得福吗？
The tree was planted near a church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent yearsthat it has gained an evil reputation.
后半句事实上是个强调句，可理解为that it has gained an evil reputation only in recent years. 这里把recent对应于现在完成时源于此。
《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第1059页in词条4
4c: within a period of time在（一段时间）之内：
Unemployment has risen by over 15% in the past year.
失业率在去年一年内上升了15%以上。
《现代英语用法词典》（修订版张道真主编）第1059页past词条
In the past I have had many jobs. (DCE)
In the past trains were pulled by steam-engines. (OSD)
5.in/for/over/during the last/past +时间段——2个
这个大结构大多使用现完，高考英语考查两处：
介词（与现完的搭配）；现完（与介词结构的搭配）
6.This/That/It is +最高级结构… (that) +从句用现完——1个
——事实上，实际应用中未见得完全如此，但考试还是一个要求。
《朗文英语语法》第308页9.25.1
It’s the most interesting book I’ve ever read. 这是我读过的最有意识的书。
《牛津英语用法指南》（第三版）第920页
It’s one of the most interesting books I’ve ever read.
这是我看过的最有意识的书中的一本。
《朗文英语语法》第40页
It’s the silliest argument (that) I’ve ever heard. 这是我听说过的最愚蠢的论点。Bach’s the greatest composer that’s (or who’s) ever lived.巴赫是曾有过的最伟大的作曲家。
《朗文英语语法》第219页6.28.1
我们也可以在最高级之后用一关系从句。
这种从句经常伴随着带有…ever heard, met, read, seen等词的现在完成时：
‘War and Peace’ is the longest book (that) I have ever read.
《战争与和平》是我所看过的书中最长的一部。
Penfold is the most conceited man (that/whom) I have ever met.
彭福尔德是我所遇到的人中最自负的一个。
7.This/It/That is the first/second… time (that) +从句用现完——1个
——该条目算是硬性的规定。
《牛津英语语法：即学即练》第30页
在It’s/This is the first/second time之后，用现在完成时。
This is the first time we’ve been to Scotland, so it’s all new to us.
This is the second time Rachel has forgotten to give me a message.
I love this film. I think it’s the fourth time I’ve seen it.
《牛津英语用法指南》（第三版）第920页
This is the first that I’ve heard her sing. 这是我第一次听见她唱歌。
8.This/That/It is the only…(that) +从句用现完——1个
——本条目属于语法结构上的规定。
《牛津英语用法指南》（第三版）第920页
在以this/it/that is the first/second/third/only/best/worst等构建的句子里，要用现在完成时。
《朗文英语语法》第42页1.43关系从句之所指：
一个句子可以包括一个以上的关系词：
It’s the only building (which) I’ve ever seen which is made entirely of glass.
这是我所见过的唯一的一座全部用玻璃造的建筑物。（第一个which一般可以省略。）
9.不很常见的up to the present, to date, thus far——3个
相当于by now, so far结构，只是目前的教科书、语法书讲解得不多而已。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第1633页present词条
I have worked here from 2000 to the present.
我自2000年到现在一直在这儿工作。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第2310页up词条
Up to this point, we have been discussing our long-term goals.
直到现在为止，我们一直在谈论我们的长期目标。
Up to (= until) that time they had been fairly successful. 他们一直相当成功。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第536页date词条
to date: up to now; until the present time迄今为止
We’ve received no complaints to date. (= yet) 迄今为止，我们没有接到任何投诉。To date, most of their work has been preparatory.
迄今为止，他们做的工作大多是筹备方面的。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第767页far词条
thus far: until the present time: so far到目前为止
Thus far the results have been disappointing. 到目前为止结果令人失望。
10.不很常见的long ago, from——2个
long ago属于常见的（违反含义与语法的结构，但事实上是属于）固定搭配；from…例句不多，但也可见到from（介词）与现完搭配的实例——并非重要考点。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第1238页long词条
long since很久以前
questions that have long since been answered (= questions that were answered long ago)
早已回答过的问题
an animal that has long since disappeared from this region
这一地区绝迹已久的一种动物
《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第1818页since词条
long since早就…
The time for talking has long ago since passed. 空谈的时候早就过去了。
The truth had long since become apparent. 真相早就昭然若揭。
《朗文英语词汇用法手册》第247页since词条
We’ve been open since/from o’clock.
我们从九点钟起就一直开门营业。（即：since/from从那时起，直至现在）
I’ve been interested in flying since I was a boy.
我自儿时起，就对飞行感兴趣。（不能用from作连词）（since从那个…时候）2017年11月25日（欢迎实例——指正、补充）
《现在完成时标志词用法》进阶练习 一、单项选择 1. I ________ the History Museum twice．I’ve learned a lot there． A. visit B. am visiting C. have visited D. will visit 2. She ________the book _____ two days ago. A. has borrowed; since B. has kept; for C. kept; since D. has kept; since 3. —How long __________ you ___________ here? —For about two years so far. A. have; studied B. did; live C. do; stay D. were; swimming 二、句型转换 4. The little boy left school two days ago. (改为同义句) The little boy ______ _____ ______ _____ school for two days. 5. He has been away from his hometown for twenty years. (同义句转换) Twenty years ______ ________since he left his hometown.
参考答案 一、 1. C 2. D 3. A 二、 4. has been away from 5. has passed 解析 1. 句意：我去过博物馆两次了，学到了很多。动作发生在过去，对现在造成了一定的影响，故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词，主语I，故have，故选C。 2. 句意：她是两天前借的这本书。since后接时间点；for后接时间段。two days ago表示时间点，故用since连接，时态用现在完成时，动词则用延续性动词，因为borrow是非延续性动词，所以用keep。故选D。 3. 句意：--你在这儿学习多久了？--自从五年前我来这儿。根据句意此处应用现在完成时态。其结构是：have/has加动词的过去分词，故选A。 4. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.，现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。leave对应的延续性状态词是be away。根据句意，故填has been away from 5. 句意：他离开他的家乡二十年了，即表示“自从他离开他的家乡，20年已经过去了“。“since+从句，for+时间段”用现在完成时，其构成为have/has+过去分词。故填has passed。
文件编号： FD -45-E6-51-0F 整理人 尼克 高考英语一轮复习语法练习动词时态和语
高考英语一轮复习语法练习：动词时态和语态 动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，一般占1—2道题。命题思路有三：一是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能依据所给时间状语作出选择；二是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择，需要结合语境判断；三是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确判断。 考生应熟知常用时态和被动语态的构成及用法。高考题往往不会涉及单一的时态语态，而是更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和呼应及与语态的结合使用。所以解题时一定要结合语境，弄清时间的先后关系，可根据不同情况采取“找标法”(寻找时间标志词)、“呼应法”(主从句时态呼应)、“搭配法”(固定搭配)、“语境法”等解题技巧。 一?识别标志词 如果题干中有标志性的时间状语,则往往可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态? [例]①More than a dozen students in that school ________ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent [解析] 此题有明显的时间标志词last year,提示我们应该使用一般过去时;句中的主语students是被送的对象,应该使用被动语态?答案为B? 动词的时态一般都有其相应的时间状语,请同学们熟记下列8种常用时态所对应的时间状语? (1)一般现在时:often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等? (2)一般过去时:then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months等? (3)现在进行时:now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等? (4)过去进行时:then, at that time, at this time yesterday等?
现在完成时讲义 一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 二．句型： 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. 简略答语: Yes,主语+ have/has.(肯定)No,主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定) 三．用法 （1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿) My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句（过去时） ●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 四．has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场) Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago. 五．现在完成时的标志 1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: *以already, just和yet为标志 He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn't come back yet.他还没有回来。 *以ever和never为标志 This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。 *以动作发生的次数为标志 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。 *以so far（到目前为止）为标+before He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。 2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。 * ①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志 注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, three years ago等; 2)不能与when连用2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用六．过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词：课本 七．瞬间动词（buy, die, join, come，go ,leave, join ……）不能直接与for since连用。要改变动词 buy----have borrow -----keep come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out leave ----be away begin-----be on finish----be overopen----be open close -----be closed die----be dead 一、单项选择。 1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _________what's happened to him .（呼和浩特） Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still 3、Have you met Mr Li ______？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years . Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
现在完成时中几个标志性词(组)的讲解与演练 我们都知道，现在完成时常见的标志词包括以下词语：just，ever，never，yet，already，for，before，since，so far，recently，twice，three times等。虽然同为标志词，但它们的用法却不尽相同。这里试就其中几个易混淆的词做一简要讲解，供同学们学习参考：1.ever，never：ever意为“曾经”，本身为肯定意义，可用于肯定、否定和疑问句中；never意为“从不”，本身具有否定意义。 1) Have you ever seen that kind of animal?你以前曾经见过那种动物吗？ 2) I have ever been to London.我曾经去过伦敦。 3) No one ever known the news about him.没有人知道有关他的消息。 4) She has never told us about herself.她从未告诉我们有关她的事情。 2. already，yet：二者都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句的中间，yet则多用于否定、疑问句末，常表示“已经，还没有”。 1) I have already had lunch.我已经吃过午饭了。 2) ----Have you finished your homework yet?你已经完成你的作业了吗？----No, not yet.还没有。 3. for，since：如果想表达“我在北京已经居住了10年”这个意思，既可以说: I have lived in Beijing for 10 years. 也可以说: I have lived in Beijing since 1996. 也就是说, for 表示“到......的数量”，常和一段时间连用；而since表示“自从......以来”, 其后常跟过去某一起始时间点或过去的动作。又如: The boy has studied all the time since he came into the room. 4. before：“以前”, 在现在完成时中，一般放在句末。 1) I think I have met you before.我想我以前见过你。 2) It seems that I have been here before.我似乎以前来过这里。 实战演练： 一、用括号中动词的适当形式填空： 1. ______she ______ (wait) for an hour yet? 2. He______(not finish) the work yet. 3. Li Ming _______(know) him since then. 4. I ______(receive) a letter from my brother recently. 5. We ________ (be) there many times. 6. How long ______ you _______ (learn) English? 7. Wang Ming _______ (not read) the book before. 8. --He _________ (live) in this city since he ________ (leave) his hometown. --When did he ________ (leave) there? --He ________ (leave)there three years ago. 9. --His father _____ (be) in the Party for years. --When _____ he ________ (join) the Party? --He _______ (join) the Party in 1996. 10.-- It ______ (rain) for such a long time! -- When _______ it _______ (rain)? --It _____ (rain) 3 hours ago. 二、根据中英文提示完成句子。 1. 我爸爸已经工作了25年了。my father, work, for , 25 years ________________________ 2. 你学英语有多久了？how long, you, learn, English ______________ 3. 他自上中学就买了这辆自行车。he, have, bike, since, study, middle school _________________ 4. 这本书我已读了一个月了。I, read, book, for, a month ___________________
几种时态的标志词; 一、一般现在时： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays。 二、一般过去时： ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 三、一般将来时： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, etc. 四、现在进行时： now, at this time, these days, at present, at the moment,etc. 五、过去进行时： at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 六、现在完成时： a.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。 b. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 c.用ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？ d.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years /so far/in the last few years/until now/by the time等 e.表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 补充现在完成时的标志性词语：still/lately/recently 现在完成时的标志性词组总结:already / ever /never /yet / just / before/ still /lately /since / for a long time /up to now/ until/so far/in the last few years/weeks/mouths / till now/recently/by the time/twice/ever/never/three times/just/before/up to now/the past few years/so far 七、过去完成时：
现在完成时的标志词
——出现以下的词汇，通常使用“现在完成时”结构。 1)ever since, since, since then——3个 2)by now, so far, till/until now, up to now——5个 3)before, lately, recently——3个 4)in recent years；in the past——2个 5)in/for/over/during the last/past +时间段——2个 6)This/That/It is + 最高级结构… (that) +从句用现完——1个 7)This/That/It is the first/second… time (that) +从句用现完——1个 8)This/That/It is the only…(that) +从句用现完——1个 9)不很常见的up to the present, to date, thus far——3个 10)不很常见的long ago, from——2个 ——以上的划分是为了讲解记忆的方便而已。 1.ever since, since, since then——3个 ever since, since中的since可以是副词，也可以是介词、连词；since then为介词+名词（或副词）结构 《朗文英语语法》第309页9.25.2 与since和for连用的现在完成时 since和for常与现在完成时连用，表示直到现在的时段。 since（+时点）可用作： since连词： Tom hasn’t been home since he was a boy. 汤姆从小就不在家了。since副词： I saw Fiona in May and I haven’t s een her since. 我5月份见过菲奥娜，此后我就没有再见过她了。 since介词： I’ve lived here since 1980. 自1980年起我就住在这儿。 since用作连词时，后面可跟一般过去时或现在完成时： I retired in 1980 and came to live here. I’ve lived here since I retired.我于1980年退休后就搬到这里。我自退休后就一直住在这儿。
英语现在完成时专项 一、单项选择现在完成时 1．Never _______ a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or nobler thing than you. A．did I see B．have I seen C．I saw D．I have seen 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态和倒装。句意：我从未见过比你更伟大、更美丽、更冷静、更高贵的东西。Never 位于句首时，要进行部分倒装，强调过去的动作对现在的影响要用现在完成时，故B项正确。 【点睛】 倒装是高中英语的常见考点，注意当含有否定意义的词，如never，hardly，seldom，little，few，not until及not only等位于句首时，其后需要用部分倒装。 2．The disease is a huge blow for the farmers. Hundreds of them ______ their animals, livelihood and hopes destroyed and many others fear they _____ the same fate. A．have seen; will suffer B．saw; suffered C．had seen; was to suffer D．see; suffer 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态。句意：这种疾病对农民来说是一个巨大的打击。数以百计的人目睹了他们的动物、生计和希望被摧毁，还有许多人担心他们会遭受同样的命运。结合句意可知第一空用现在完成时态；第二空用一般将来时态。故选A。 3．The Greens moved back to the countryside in 2008 and ________ a happy and peaceful life there ever since. A．are leading B．lead C．led D．have led 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态。句意：格林一家2008年搬回农村，从此过上了幸福安宁的生活。根据句中时间状语，ever since自从那时候起，可知，指从2008年一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时。故选D。 4．With people paying attention to fitness, self-service mini-gyms, each covering about 5 square meters, ________ in China’s major cities these years. A．have sprung up B．sprang up
最新现在完成时单元测试题(含答案) 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．My mother a good example for me since I was young. A. was B. has been C. will be D. is 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：打小以来，妈妈就是我的好榜样。根据时间状语“since l was young”可知，主句应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在。故选B。 【点评】考查动词的时态 2．—How do you like Beijing, Miss Read? —I've no idea. I _____ there. A. have gone B. have been C. haven't been D. haven't gone 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：---你觉得北京怎么样，瑞得小姐？---我不知道，我没有去过那儿。短语：have been to去过某地（已经返回）；have gone to去了某地（尚未返回），根据句意，故答案为C。 【点评】考查短语辨析，区分have been to与have gone to，理解句子，根据语境判断答案。 3．I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】由since引导的从句可知主句应用现在完成时，故答案为C。句意是：自从我五岁时被狗伤过之后我就一直怕狗。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时的用法。 4．—Your shoes are so old. Why don't you buy a new pair? —Because I all my money on an MP5. A. spend B. have spent C. am spending D. was spending 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】因为把所有的钱都花在MP5上，所以没钱买鞋。强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，故选B。
表格式现在完成时的时态和语态 温馨提示：过去分词规则的和一般过去时态的动词变化规则一样，动词结尾+ed。不规则的要逐个记忆不规则：go-went（过去式）---gone（过去分词） 如规则的: play---played（过去式）--played（过去分词） The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. is\am fly begin are play go drink work make pass does dance worry ask taste eat draw put
一、详解现在完成时的常见的标志语和词组，特殊结构的用法 1. 九个重点标志语的用法 ①already已经肯定句中或句尾 I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already. ②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾 I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yet? ③ever曾经句中Have you ever seen pandas? ④never从不句中I have never been to Beijing. ⑤just刚刚句中I have just done my work. ⑥before以前句尾I have never been there before. ⑦so far到目前为止So far he has learnt 200 words. ⑧how long多久How long have you lived here? ⑨how many times多少次How many times has he been to Beijing? 2、三词组用法区别： （1）have
现在完成时讲义
现在完成时讲义 一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 二．句型： 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. 简略答语: Yes,主语+ have/has.(肯定)No,主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定) 三．用法 （1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿) My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示） 常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句（过去时） ●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 四．has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场) Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago. 五．现在完成时的标志 1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: *以already, just和yet为标志 He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn't come back yet.他还没有回来。 *以ever和never为标志 This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。 *以动作发生的次数为标志 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。 *以so far（到目前为止）为标+before He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。 She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。 2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。 * ①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志 注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, three years ago等; 2)不能与when连用2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用六．过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词：课本 七．瞬间动词（buy, die, join, come，go ,leave, join ……）不能直接与for since连用。要改变动词 buy----have borrow -----keep come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out leave ----be away begin-----be on finish----be overopen----be open close -----be closed die----be dead 一、单项选择。 1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _________what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
英语时态结构，标志词总结 ⑴、一般现在时 结构：主+be(am/is/are)+其他/ 主+实义动词+其他/ 主+情态动词+动原+其他 标志词：often, always, usually, sometimes , every week (day/year/month…), once a week, on Sundays, on weekdays，from time to time ⑵、一般将来时 结构：主+will/shall+其他/主+be going to +其他/主+be+动-ing+其他… 标志词：tomorrow,in the future, next week , next Sunday,the day after tomorrow，in+ 一段时间,soon，from now on ⑶、一般过去时 结构：主+be(was/ were)+其他/ 主+动词过去式+其他/ 标志词：一段时间＋ago,yesterday, in 1945，at that time，once，during the war，before,in the past , the day before yesterday, last week(year/ night/ month…), just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time，this morning，a moment ago ⑷、现在完成时 结构：主+have/has+动词过去分词+其他 标志词：ever, never, since, already, yet, just, before, twice, once ,three times, at the moment, at present/for+时间段；since+时间点/常见的副词：lately，recently，up to now, till now,so far, these days，in the past few years(months ／weeks／days) ⑸、现在进行时 结构：主+be(am/is/are)+动词现在分词+其他 标志词：now,at the moment !at this time ,these days ,Look!Listen! ⑹、过去进行时 结构：主+be(was/ were)+动词现在分词+其他 标志词：at that moment, at this time of yesterday, at eight last night，at 8:00am yesterday，at this time last night ,at that time ⑺、过去完成时 结构：主+had+动词过去分词+其他 标志词：by the end of last year(term, month…)，过去完成时常用在told，said，knew，heard等词后的宾语从句或间接引语中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 ⑻、过去将来时 结构：主+would/should+其他/主+was/were going to +其他 标志词：the next day/morning/year，the following year/week/month 英语部分语法顺口溜
八种时态常用的标志词 1、一般现在时 表示：现阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态 标志： often、usually、always、sometimes、everyday、in the morning/afternoon…、on Sundays, once a week etc e.g.：We go to school at six forty every day. My brother reads a book once a week. 2、一般将来时 表示：将要发生的动作或存在的状态 标志：tomorrow、next week、this month、in an hour、the day after tomorrow etc e.g.：He will go to see a doctor tomorrow. I am going to play basketball next week. She is coming back in an hour. 3、一般过去时 表示：过去发生的动作或存在的状态 标志： yesterday、last week、three days ago、the day before yesterday, in 1990 etc e.g.：I finished my work yesterday. He went to New York ten days ago. 4、现在进行时 表示：现在正在进行的动作 标志：now、Look!、Listen! 、It is six o’clock. e.g.：Look! The boy is playing with a cat. It’s eight o’clock. The Smiths are watching TV in the living room. 5、过去进行时 表示：过去某个时刻正在进行的动作 标志：at six yesterday morning、from 7 to 9 yesterday、this time yesterday、也可用在when 和while引导的从句 e.g.： He was taking a shower at 11 last night. They were cooking when the bell rang. (= While they were cooking, the bell rang.) 6、现在完成时 结构： Have / has done 1)表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 标志： already （“已经”用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）、never (“从不”用于中间处) 、ever （“曾经”用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）、just (“刚刚”用于中间处) 、yet (“已经”用于疑问句的末尾处/“还”用于否定句的末尾处) e.g.： I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”） 2)表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作，将来还可能继续下去。 标志：for+时间段，如for three days since+时间点/过去时从句，如since 1998，since she left here e.g.：she has lived in Fuzhou for three years. / Since three years ago. 7、过去完成时