1.我们可以从图表上看出：女生比例远远高于男生所占比例。
As can be seen from the chart, the percentage of female students was far higher than that of male students.
2.从图表反映的情况来看：读雅思的人数远远超过读托福的，同时，读托福的人数一直呈现平稳上升趋势。
As can be seen from the chart, those who chose to study for IELTS far outnumbered those choosing to study for TOEFL. Meanwhile, the number of those who chose to study for TOEFL was on a steady rise.
3.从图表反映的情况来看：学生在饭店用餐的频率在不同的月份呈现出了相应的波动趋势。
As can be seen from the diagram, the frequency of the students eating at restaurants revealed a trend of fluctuations in different months.
4.从图表反映的情况来看：男教师所承担的每周工作量要高于女教师的。
As can be seen from the charts, the weekly workload borne by male teachers outweighed that of female teachers.
5.从整个图表反映的情况来看：总部以及五个分校的营业收入都呈现出了快速的增长趋势。
As can be seen from the chart, the sales of the Headquarter and the five branch schools all revealed a trend of fast increase across the board. 6.从整个图表反映的情况来看：教师的收入状况呈现出了稳步增长的总态势。As can be seen from the chart, the income of the teachers revealed a general trend of steady rise.
7.图表显示：广告投入呈现出逐渐下降的趋势，然而有趣的是，营业收入却呈现
出大幅度的攀升。
As can be seen from the chart, the advertising investment revealed a trend of gradual decrease, but interestingly, its sales witnessed a trend of increase by leaps and bounds.
8.饼图反映出环球女生的比例远远高于男生；曲线图则表明在雅思考试成绩方面，女生的表现也远远好于男生。
The pie chart shows that the percentage of female students was much higher than that of male students while the graph indicates that in terms of students’ performance on IELTS, female students did a much better job than male ones.
9.饼图表明：环球学校雅思比托福所占份额要高出很多；曲线图则显示出：两个项目每月的招生情况呈现出了总的波动趋势。
The pie chart indicates that IELTS accounted for a much larger percentage than TOEFL at GlobalSchoolwhile the graph shows that student enrollment on the two programs on a monthly basis revealed a general trend of fluctuations.
10.图表反映出：环球上半年与下班年的营业收入总体呈现出快速的上升趋势，成本与支出表现出了较大的波动。
The graph indicates that the sales of Global both in the first half and the second half of the year revealed a general trend of fast increase while costs and expenses fluctuated greatly.
11.根据图表所示，环球行政人员中男性员工的比例要高于女性。
As is indicated in the graph, male employees working in executive positions accounted for a much higher percentage than females.
12.根据图表所示，所有群体的收入都呈现了上升趋势，虽然上升的幅度有所差异。
As is indicated in the graph, the income of all the groups revealed a general trend of increase across the board though the margins of the rises varied.
13.根据图表所示，人们的教育程度越高，收入便越高。
As is indicated in the graph, the higher one’s education level was, the higher his income.
14.根据图表所示，该公司的净销售与成本支出皆呈现了快速提高的总趋势，而其利润则呈现了波动。
As can be seen from the table, net sales and costs and expenses of the designated company both showed a general trend of fast increase while its profit fluctuated.
15.从图表我们可以看出：女性吸烟者的百分比呈现稳步增长，而男性则处于波动状态。
As we can see from the first chart, the percentage of female smokers was on a steady rise across the board while the number of male smokers showed a trend of fluctuations.
16.从图表可以看出：选择数学的人们的百分比稳步下降，而选择商务管理者则呈现出上升的总趋势。
As can be seen from the chart, the percentage of those who chose math declined steadily while those who studied business management revealed a general upward trend.
17.从图表可以看出：在所界定的时段里，路上总的交通事故显示了波动的总趋势。
As can be seen from the table, the total road accidents over the designated period revealed a general trend of fluctuations.
18.根据图表显示：中国在汽车生产与销售方面皆呈现出了迅猛的增长态势。As is indicated in the graph, China’s auto manufacturing and sales both revealed a general trend of dramatic increase.
19.如图所示：上海私家车保有量连续10年呈现出迅猛增长的趋势，而空气质量则显现出截然相反的态势。
As is indicated in the graph, private car ownership revealed a trend of dramatic increase for 10 years in a row while air quality showed an obviously opposite trend.
20.如图所示，环球学生开车前来上课的人数呈现大幅攀升态势，而停车困难指数也同步大幅提升。
As can be seen from the chart, the number of Global students who drove to school showed a trend of substantial increase and the index of difficulty for parking increased accordingly.
21.图表显示：不管他们有几个孩子，已婚妇女都要比已婚男士做的家务活多得多。
As we can see from the graph, married women did far more household work than married men did no matter how many children they had.
22.总体而言，环球学院男女生注册学雅思的人数比学托福的人数多。Generally speaking, there were more students of both genders getting enrolled in IELTS than in TOEFL at GlobalCollege.
23.根据图表显示：男性在管理和专业类岗位上工作的百分比要高于女性，而女性在文书及其相关岗位上占的百分比要高于男性。
As we can see from the charts, a much higher percentage of men worked on managerial and\\professional jobs than women did while women took up a much larger percentage in terms of//clerical and its
related jobs than men.
24.总体而言，涵盖更多工作门类的服务业雇佣了较低百分比的劳动力队伍，却产出了这个国家较大百分比的GDP价值。
Generally speaking, the service sector, which covered a much wider range of job varieties,employed a much lower percentage of the workforce but produced a much higher proportion/of the GDP value in the designated country.
25.总体而言，求与供皆呈现了总的波动趋势，以20XX年后供大于求为主要趋势。
In general both demand and supply revealed a general trend of fluctuations across the board//with supply surpassing demand as the main trend after the year 2003.
26.柱状图显示：收入越高者去饭店吃饭的频率和每次的消费额越高。
As is indicated in the bar chart, the h igher people’s income was, the more frequently they dined at restaurants and the more they spent each time.
27.根据图表显示：参加雅思考试的考生年龄呈现年轻化趋势。
As is indicated in the diagram, the age of IELTS candidates showed a trend of getting younger over the designated period of time.
28.从图表中我们可以看到：雅思考生的家庭经济状况总体而言要比托福考生的
家庭状况好得多。
As can be seen from the chart, the family financial statuses of IELTS candidates were much better than that of TOEFL candidates.
29.图表显示，前往美国和加拿大留学的人数呈现出下降趋势，而前往英国和澳大利亚的留学人数则呈现稳步增加趋势。
As is indicated in the graph, the number of students who chose to go to U.S.A. and Canada showed a trend of decline while that of those who went to the U.K. and Australia revealed a trend of steady rise.
30.图表显示：雅思每月考试次数的增加对于雅思考生人数的迅速增长产生了非常大的影响。
As is shown in the chart, the increase in the number of IELTS per month had a significant impact on the rapid increase in the number of IELTS candidates.
一．上升增长
1．…add up to… 增加了
eg. The total amount of … added up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994. 2．to jump to / to soar to.. 一跃达到/ 猛增到…
eg. The total working days lost soaredto 10 million in 1979.
3．…an increase of about…percent as compared with.. 与…相比大约增加了…eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January. 4．…to experience an increase/incline …有了增长
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.
二．下降，减少
1．…to sink/drop/reduce to… 减少到…
eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979. 2．…to experience a decrease/decline …有了减少
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease.
注意：
修饰上升/减少的副词有：
rapidly slowly dramatically respectively 表达上升/减少的最后状态的词有：the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10%
三．起伏
1．…to go up and down …起伏不定
eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967. 2．There be ups and downs …有起有伏
eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in （某方面）.
四．稳定
1．…to remain steady/level/unchanged …保持稳定，几乎不变
eg. The rate of …remained steady(fairly level/almost unchan ged) during the four years from 1963 to 1967.
2．…to level off (vi.)
eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the …rate shows signs of leveling off.
注意：
修饰起伏或稳定状态的副词有：
almost fairly 可以用于表达起伏，稳定状态的句子中的词组或句型：
the general situation was not worsening
show indications of improvement
it can be predictedthat…
eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening.
eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in …
五．成正比，反比
1．…be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 与…成正比/反比
eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratioto /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio.
六．占百分之几，几分之几
1….to form/comprise/make up/constitute ….percent …占百分之…
eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the US.population.
eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%.
2．…to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of……占…的1/2,1/3,1/4
eg. Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total.
3．…account for…percent占百分之几
eg. ……, accounting for approximately 20 percent of…
七．倍数
1．A be …times as much/many as B
eg. The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan.
2．A doubles/is half/triples B A是B的两倍，一半，三倍
eg. The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles that of Janta, but is only half the amount of rain Kuwait receiveseach year.
附一圆盘比例型图表例：一个圆盘显示了大学生在food, books, transportations, entertainment, clothes, unknown中的开销，它们各自占的比例依次是60%,3%,5%,10%,10%,12%，要求你描叙这个圆盘图。描述: The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing food, which accounts for 60% of the total. Clothes and entertainment each takes up 10%. 5% goes to transportation and 3% books. All the rest expenses, 12% of all ,is spend on unknown items.
总结写作模式：
…pie chart consists of…segments, the largest one representing…,which accounts for …of the total.…each takes up….…goes to….All the rest…, …of all,……. .
八. 原因结果
1….(结果)…, owing to (原因) [owing to 为分词结构]
2….(结果)…, attributableto（原因）[attributable to为形容词短语]
3….(结果) lie in the fact that（原因）[ 同位语从句]
4….（结果）result from（原因）[句型一般]
5. It is precisely because （原因）…that （导致结果）… [强调结构]
6. …, as a result, …（导致结果）… [as a result做插入语]
7. （原因）be responsible for（结果）[常见句型]
8. （原因），which in turn（结果）
eg. They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws originalbusinesses into a commercial panic.
1起伏不定go up and down/ wave/ fluctuate/ be unstable/ be in flexible
2 The first point to note is the huge increase in the number of
需要注意的第一点就是…的急剧增长
3 The statistics show that
这些数据表明
4占百分之几Form/comprise/make up/constitute/ account for ….percent
5 This cure graph describes the trend of
该曲线图描述了…的趋势
6 The statistics lead us to the conclusion that
由这些数据，我们可以做出如下结论
7 As can be seen from the line graph,
由线状图我们可以看出
8增加：Increase / raise / rise / go up/ soar/ ascend/ mount/ climb 9减少：Decrease / grow down / drop / fall/ reduce/ descend/ shrink to/decline
10稳定：Remain stable / stabilize / level off/ remain unchanged
11 It can be seen from the table that
由表格我们可以看出
12 The table shows the changes in the number of… over the period from…to…
该表格展示了从…到…数据的变化
13 The table provides some data of
该表格提供了有关…的数据
14 As can be seen clearly from the table,
从表格中我们可以清楚地看出，
15 As can be seen from the table, great changes have taken place in...
从表格中可以看出，...发生了巨大变化
16 This table illustrates the changing proportion of A and B from...to...
该表格描述了...年到...年间a与b的比例关系
17急剧地sharply, steeply, dramatically, drastically, suddenly
18显著地,considerably, significantly, noticeably, remarkably, rapidly 19稳步地, 逐渐地steadily, moderately, gradually, smoothly
20轻微地, 缓慢地slightly, slowly, mildly, moderately
21 The following diagram shows the structure of......
以下的图展示了...的结构
22 The picture illustrates......
该图展示了...
23 It mainly consists of following steps.
它主要包括以下步骤
24The whole procedure can be divided into...stages.
整个的过程可以分为...步
25 The first step is to
第一步是...
26 The next step is to
接下来的一步是...
27 The last step is to
最后的一步是...
28 The first stage involves
第一步包括...
29 In the next stage
接着，
30 In the last stage
最后，
31The bar chart illustrates that…
该柱状图展示了
32 As is shown in the bar chart,
如柱状图所示，
33It can be concluded from the bar chart that…从该柱状图我们可以推导出
34 The bar chart presents the general trend in…该柱状图描述了……总的趋势
35 This bar chart displays the numbers of…
该柱状图展示了…的数据
36 The numbe r of … increased by %
…的数字上升了百分之…
37 The number of… dropped by %
…的数字下降了百分之…
38 The chart reflects several trends.
该图展示了几个趋势
39As can be seen clearly from the bar chart, the fluctuation of…took place
从该柱状图我们可以清楚地看出：…出现了波动
40 Over the period from…to…the…remained level.
在……至……期间，…基本不变
1.有用的词
上升：increase rise ascend core surge go up climb mount level up
下降: decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen level down
平稳:stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to
波动:fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down
占:occupy take up account for gain
而:while however whereas on the other hand actually/in fact
相比:by contract on the contrary likewise compared with
最高点:the highest the top the summit the peak the most
最低点:bottom less least rock bottom
平均:mean average
趋势:tendancy trend inclination
预见:prediction
达到顶峰: mount to
在***中占***:***gain the percentage of
有一个稳定的过程:a stable period can be seen
2.分项目的总结
在做这个之前，把“模板”说一下(主要针对菜鸟,应付考试时找不到东西说)
第一段：The***(某种图，比如bar chart ,pie chart或是curve graph)show***(简单写写情况，比如“妇女受教育程度”，“美国能源利用”，这些一般可以在图下面的说明文字中找到),From the ***(某种土)we can have a understanding of ***(又是什么情况)
注：第二句话是废话，是为了凑字数，字数够了的时候就可以不用了，当然写的时候注意表达方式的一些小改动
第二段：说明段，From the***/***illustrate*** +一些内容，主要写以下几个方面：极点(极大，极小)，趋势，特别点(交点，转折点，相同点和一些在特定图上有意义的点)
第三段:From the chart,we may have a basic understanding of the situation of——凑字数用的！！
一些表达：
A.柱形图
increase rise go up / drop decrease decline
B.饼图
***is dividedsintos***parts ***consume the largest prtion ***accounting for***
***(百分比)of ***is*** ***play a very important role in ***
C.线形图
From this point Drop/increase dramaticly a modest /rapid increase
1.以时间为比较基础的应抓住“变化”：上升，下降，或是波动，题中对两个或两个以上的变量进行描述时应在此基础上进行比较，如变量多于两个应进行分类或
有侧重的比较，
2.不以时间为比较基础的应注意对极点的描述
开头段转述题目常用句型
The line graph describes / illustrates /demonstrates / summarizes / outlines / shows / indicates … 后面跟名词或者从句
开头段或者主体段引出数据或者趋势常用句型
According to / As shown in / As can be seen from …后面跟图表的类型, …
It can be seen from …后面跟图表类型that…或者It is manifest/clear/ evident/ obvious/ apparent from the … that…
表示上升的动词
go up(went up) / rise (rose) / grow (grew) / increase (increased) / ascend(ascended) ，其中rise和increase 也经常做名词，grow-growth
表示急剧上升的动词
jump(jumped) / surge(surged) / shoot up(shot up) / soar (soared) surge也
可以做名词
表示下降的动词
decline / fall / drop / sink / dip / decrease / descend , 其中decline / fall / drop / decrease 也经常做名词
表示急剧下降的动词
plummet / plunge
表示速度快的形容词
sharp / dramatic / drastic /rapid / precipitous /steep副词加-ly
表示幅度大的形容词
marked / substantial / significant，副词加-ly
表示缓慢，逐渐的形容词
gradual / steady / gentle /slow，副词加-ly
表示小幅度的形容词：modest / moderate /slight , 副词加-ly
表示波动的动词
fluctuate ，不及物动词，名词fluctuation
表示稳定在一个水平上的动词
level off at（低位平稳用这个）/ level out at / hover at / stabilize at / reached a plateau at（高位平稳用这个）
表示到达最高点的动词
peak at / reach the highest point at，peak也可以做名词
表示到达最低点的动词
reach the bottom at / the lowest point at / bottom out at , bottom 也可以
做名词
表示经历了某种变化的及物动词experience / witness / see
表示到达多少数量的及物动词或词组
reach / arrive at / amount to / hit / register / stand at
表示占…(后面跟百分数或者数字)的及物动词或者词组（饼图常用到哦）account for / represent / constitute / make up
表示数据由某几部分组成的及物动词或者词组
A is composed of / comprise / is made up of / consists of B,C and D,
表示对未来数字的预测的及物动词
be likely to/be predicted to/be estimated to/be expected to/be forecasted to/be projected to 等
e.g. The number of hamburgers sold is expected （别忘了是被动语态哦）/ projected to reach 100,000 in 2008.
注：在一些情况下，图表作文会出现几组时间的对比，有时候一些对比的数据是将来的时间，这个时候要用到将来时，但是使用将来时态的时候最好避免使用
will这种词，这样显得语气过分肯定，那么这时就可以用上面所列举的词汇。还
有
表示“分别”的副词respectively
In the 2004 Olympics, China and Chile won X and Y gold medals,
respectively.
表示“大约”的副词或者词组：about , around , approximately , roughly , just over , just under
(I)
数据图：
一、介绍段introduction：
介绍段内容几乎完全不用创新，就是对题目文字部分的第二段做改写，paraphrase the rubric。所谓改写，要么换词，要么换句式。
例如：(I4-100)
The charts below give information about travel to and from the UK and most popular countries for UK residents to visit.
换词
(1)图The charts
图：chart, graph, diagram(雅思写作中完全等价，无差别)
线：line / curve chart
柱图：bar / column graph
饼：pie diagram
表：table / statistics / figures
(2)动词“表明”give information about
介绍段是客观描述，用一般现在时态，give information about虽然在这篇作文中最好不再用，但是informal learning，随手学到的东东，留作其它文章再用。替换的词语和结构很多，比如我常用的reveal / indicate / demonstrate，大家也可以选几个自己喜欢并且拼写准确的形成风格，
第二段其余部分的替换因题而异，比如travel换成visit，the UK换成Britain(注意不是England，英格兰只是Britain的一部分)，popular换成fashionable，country换成nation，UK residents to visit换成UK tourists。
不过随着练习作文数量的增加，你会惊喜的发现，雅思图表作文，连描述的对象都是类似的。
最后要注意点细节，原文的“below”应省略，因为答题纸上没有图；而第二副图上标注的1999年，可以补充进介绍段。对担心写不足词数的单图作文，甚至还可以“猥琐”的把特征点概括成一句话加入介绍段。
换句：
(1)并列句：
The line chart reveals that … and the bar graph indicates that …(分别描述两幅图，形成风格哦，第一幅图用chart，第二副图用graph，第一幅图reveal，第二副图indicate，也许你写的所有文章都类似，但考官只有机会欣赏一篇啊。) 并列句，注意换词
(2)被动语态：
… is revealed in the line chart and … is indicated in the bar graph.
One possible answer:
The line chart reveals visits to and from Britain and the bar graph
indicates most fashionable nations for UK tourists in 1999.
二、主体段body：
过渡：
段首过渡词(1个)
信息出处：
According to the line chart,
As is shown in the line chart,
The line chart shows that …
表示逻辑：
On the other hand等等
段内过渡词(1-2个)
顺承：also, besides, in addition
转折：however, on the other hand, conversely
其它：meanwhile / in the same time, similarly, in particular
句型：
简单线图
简单线图：
趋势(包括升降速度)：
The visits increased quickly from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
There was an increase in the visits from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.
(2a) (1) (4) (5)
An increase in the visits is seen from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.
(2a) (1) (6) (4) (5)
(1)主体：(第二段或图例中有明示)
同义词travel
The travel increased quickly from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.
代词they
The visits increased quickly from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999. In particular, they increased very rapidly from 1985 to 1988.
线line：主要用于不理解图线所代表内容的情况。
the thin(细线) / thick(粗线) / broken(虚线) / dotted(点线) line
The thin line, which represents visits by UK residents, increased from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.
(2)增加/减少：动词
increase / decrease, rise/drop(可做名词)
go up / come down
climb / slide
ascend / decline
rocket / collapse(暴增/暴减)
过去的图表用一般过去时；一天24小时的图表用一般现在时。
(3)升降速度/幅度(去掉-ly就是形容词)
最新雅思写作常用万能句型整理大全 1.The most effective means to solve this problem is that ______________. In that case, ______________. 2. Everything has its own two sides, no exception with AAA. For one thing, ______________. for another, ______________. 3. My experience tells me that to ______________ needs a thorough and persevering process, and in this process you had better abide by the principles mentioned above. 4. On the whole, it is high time that we recognized the significance of ______________. 5. As a result, we should take some effective methods to ______________. 6. Judging by the figures, we can draw a conclusion that ______________. 7. In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______________. Only in this way can ______________ in the future. 8. In my opinion, we should place much emphasis on the importance of ______________. 9. But ______________ and ______________ have their own advantages. For example, ______________, while ______________. Comparing those two, however, I prefer to ______________.
句型1： 前进类（用来论证好的方面） 1 profit from People the world over can profit from the advancement in motorized flight. ★2 A is an indispensable part of B. Advertising has become an indispensable part of our lives and it has been exerting pro- found influence on the way we live, work, play and learn. ★★3 something plays a pivotal role in… It is universally acknowledged that education plays a pivotal role in individual success. ★★4 enable somebody to do something Cultural assimilation enables newly-arrived immigrants to get ahead in the new society successfully. 5 get accustomed to something New immigrants must get accustomed to the local culture to succeed. 6 Someone can utilize something In this day and age, many individuals can utilize the Internet via computers or mobile phones. ★7 something is in the best interests of someone (最符合某人的利益) Preserving the endangered animals is in the best interests of humanity. 8 contribute to… Various factors contributed to his downfall Students should not only learn academic knowledge but also do volunteer work in com- munities, thereby making contribution to their cities. 9 something consolidates its status as the … English has been consolidating its status as the dominant language in the world. 倒退类（用来论证负面的方面） 1 …is attended by … (伴随着) The staggering advancement of technology is attended by severe pollution of the ecosys- tem. 2 The more…the more… The more vehicles on the roads; the more traffic congestion to occur. ★3 A can be attributed to B The proliferation of traffic accidents can be in large measure attributed to the traffic law not being stringent\strict enough. ★4 be afflicted with In present-day society, a host of countries are afflicted with chronic poverty. 5 deprive someone of something Modern cities deprive city-dwellers of fresh air and the comfortable pace of life. 6 something impels somebody to do … Peer pressure often impels youngsters to spend excessively on fancy clothes and accesso- ries（饰品）. ★7 A has rendered B + 形容词或者名词， We must ensure that technological innovations will not render us slaves to high technolo- gy. The fast-paced way of life has rendered many people alienated from one another. 8 A recent study conducted by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences revealed that…(如果是教育问题用UNESCO,如果犯罪问题可以用the Chinese Ministry of Justice ,交通问题可以用the Chinese Ministry of Transportation,建筑问题可以用the Chinese Ministry of Con-struction,环境问题可以用HSUS and Greenpeace ) A recent study conducted by HSUS and Greenpeace suggested that there were over one million mammals（哺乳动物）in lab cages（笼子）today. 一个数据就说明了人类现在虐待动物的情况有多么严重。当然，请注意这里的数据编得不能太夸张，否则考官就会怀疑数据的真实性了。 9 be addicted to something In present-day society, many individuals are addicted to / preoccupied with various forms of gambling. 10 something is the root cause of…
# 43. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The table below shows CO2 emissions for different forms of transport in the European Union. The Pie Chart shows the percentage of European Union funds being spent on different forms of transport. You should write at least 150 words.
model answer: The chart shows CO2 emissions per passenger kilometre for variuos methods of transport in the European Union while the pie chart shows European Union spending on transport. Flying by air produces by far the greatest CO2 emissions, approximately three times as much as passenger cars which are the next largest producers. Very little is spent by the EU on air travel while roads make up more than half of the EU transport budget. Trains produce about three times less CO2 emissions per passenger kilometre than passenger cars and eight times less than air travel. Nearly a third of EU transport funds are spent on railways. Ships are a clean form of transport and produce about the same amount of CO2 per passenger kilometre as trains do. However, only 2 percent of EU funds are spent on ports. A further one percent is spent on inland waterways. Coaches are the cleanest form of transport. Emissions of CO2 per passenger kilometre from coaches are half those of buses. Buses emit less than half as much CO2 per passenger kilometre as cars. The European Union spends 10 percent of its transport budget on public transport, such as buses and coaches. (197 words)
与大家分享7个雅思写作高分倒装句句型，雅思写作高分需要大家能够用到一些比较复杂的句型，倒装句就是一个。倒装句句型在考生的雅思写作中并不常见，所以大家如果能把倒装句恰当的应用到雅思写作中就会产生一种意想不到的效果。 1. But unpopular as red has been in the past, at the moment it is a favorite hair dye. 结构：全句有2个谓语动词：has been和is.其中，as引导的让步状语从句是一个部分倒装句，按照正常语序应该是Although red has been unpopular in the past.句子可被拆分为， 1). Red has been unpopular in the past. 2). But at the moment it is a favorite hair dye. 翻译：尽管过去红色不怎么流行，现在却是一种备受欢迎的染发颜色。 2. Only when he has lost his way does he realize that he wasn't careful enough to make sure that he really did understand. 结构：全句有4个谓语动词：has，does realize，wasn't和did understand..其中主句的是does realize.本句话是以only开头的强调句，其所强调的是when引导的条件状语从句。第一个that引导的是realize的宾语从句。第一个that引导的是make sure的宾语从句。 翻译：只有当他迷了路，他才明白到当时自己不够谨慎，没有确定自己是否真的懂了。 3. Only by becoming wealthier can countries correct these conditions. 结构：全句只有1个谓语动词：can correct.本句话是以only开头的强调句，其所强调的是方式状语by becoming wealthier.按照正常语序应该是：Countries can correct these conditions only by becoming wealthier.由only引导的倒装句句型是可以在雅思写作中发挥很大作用的，因为only表达的意思的唯一性和句式的复杂性都可以吸引考官。 翻译：一个国家只有通过变得富强才能纠正这些问题。 4. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. 结构：全句有3个谓语动词：were，should have和should hesitate.其中主句的是：should hesitate.本句是一个条件式虚拟倒装句。前半部分是一个if引导的条件状语从句，按照正常语序为：If it were left to me to decide…。whether引导的是decide的宾语从句。 翻译：如果由我来决定是有政府无报纸还是有报纸无政府，我会毫不犹豫选择后者。 5. Out of our emotional experience with objects and events comes a social feeling of a greement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”.
15句逻辑框架 Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace rather than pure knowledge. To what extent do you agree or disagree. 第1句：背景介绍
Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about the purpose of university education. 现在，越来越多的人关心大学教育的目的。 Explanation: ●Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about the phenomenon that … ●Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about the purposes that university education serves. ●Nowadays, more and more students are concerned about what they will learn in the universities. ●Universities are one of the most important institutions in modern society. 如果很难再短时间内想出第一句内容，就直接表达观点，两句话写完首段。 ●I agree with this opinion. Reasons are as follows. 我赞同的观点是……原因如下。 第2句：交代辩论话题 A. “是否应该……” However, whether universities should mainly provide job-related skills to graduates is a controversial issue. 但是，大学是否应该主要提供给学生工作相关的技能是一个饱受争议的话题。
二.雅思图表作文 1.企业垃圾(线性图) 题目:The graph below shows the amounts of waste produced by three companies over a period of 15 years. 范文:The line graph compares three companies in terms of their waste output between the years 2000 and 2015. It is clear that there were significant changes in the amounts of waste produced by all three companies shown on the graph. While companies A and B saw waste output fall over the 15-year period, the amount of waste produced by company C increased considerably. In 2000, company A produced 12 tonnes of waste, while companies B and C produced around 8 tonnes and 4 tonnes of waste material respectively. Over the following 5 years, the waste output of companies B and C rose by around 2 tonnes, but the figure for company A fell by approximately 1 tonne. From 2005 to 2015, company A cut waste production by roughly 3 tonnes, and company B reduced its waste by around 7 tonnes. By contrast, company C saw an increase
雅思真题范文精选高分黄金句型及例句 笔者（胡义祥--南京新航道人气写作主讲）注：以下12种黄金句型为雅思写作大作文核心句型。熟练掌握以下句型的使用，并灵活运用雅思写作大作文精准定位法，大作文得分7分左右（考生写作时要求不偏题，词汇使用恰当）。 一：被动句 1：As a result, the quality of the whole population had been influenced, and a country could never be expected to develop fast with a low education rate.（28） 2：Nowadays, a large percentage of young people being admitted into universities can be witnessed and a country`s population is instilled with a fresh flow of well educated people, which can lead to the prosperity of a country.（37） 3：Firstly, by setting up a special day, an organization can better promote a specific activity, thus more people would know what it is trying to tell them and their perception of caring and social responsibility would be further woken.（39） 二：形式代词IT 1：However, some of them begin to notice that international travel also makes it possible for criminals to conduct some illegal actions like evading arrest. （24） 2：Especially with the easy access to computer technology, it has been increasingly noticed that a growing number of people prefer to work or study from home. （26） 3：It can be seen everywhere that people in the modern world are under huge pressure and have to spend most of their time on their work or study, which, consequently, hardly does any good to the family relationship.（插入语）（38） 三：限定性定语从句 1：Dating back to 30 years ago when scientific technology was not accessible to everyone, children were more interested in traditional games such as playing poker or playing chess.（28） 2：On the contrary, a company or a school is a place where lots of people are bunched together and asked to do the same thing at the same time.（29） 3：Due to the large number of students` graducating from universities, more people seek for good jobs and the job market becomes the arena where fierce competition can be seen all the time. （32）
Gao Phis Academic Personalized, professional tuloring. 雅思句型翻译练习(2) Day 6 1. 许多人相信科技的最大弊端就是它可能会带来一些难以想象的消极影响。 (disadva ntage) 2. 计算机会使人们丧失想象和创造力这一事实使我相信其是祸而非福。(rather tha n) 3. 毫无疑问互联网的快速发展使得许多人相信它是万能良药，然而情况并非总是如此。 (goes without say ing that …; soluti on) 4. 无可否认，博物馆可以扮演一个教育的作用，因为它给公众提供一个好的机会去研究他们国 家的历史和传统。(play a role in) 5. 许多人没能够意识到这样一个重要的事实：语言的多样性将会极大的推动文化的发展。也许 这就是为什么许多语言现在正处于濒临灭绝的境地。(diversity; enhance; on the verge of) 6. 毫无疑问，家庭成员之间的关系已经不像以前那么亲密。(not as... as...) 7. 广告之所以盛行主要在于它们的信息容量很大。(prevaili ng; in formative) 8. 互连网是如此盛行因此没有人可以避免不受到它的影响。(so…that…)
9. 可想而知，从事兼职工作可以培养学生的独立性和团队合作精神。 (develop) 10. 当前的教育效果远不能让人满意。(results; far from) 11. 造成该现象的最主要原因在于过度工业化似乎已经成了一种无法避免的趋势。(over- industrialization) 12. 文化多元化对人类文明而言就如空气之对于地球。(A is to B what C is to D ) Day 7 13. 造成该现象的原因有许多。 14. 一谈到计算机，人们持有不同的看法。(when it comes to …) 15. 考虑到该问题的严重性，我们必须得想出一些切合实际的措施来解决它。(severe; realistic) 16. 没有人能否认，我们已经进入了一个全球信息化的时代。(age of information) 17. 无疑，有关教育的话题总是能够引起我们的关注。 18. 在当代社会，环保总是能够引起我们的关注。 19. 众所周知，大学的主要作用是培养一个人的全面发展。 20. 可以毫不夸张地说学会如何合作在一个人的职业中是至关重要的因素。
Topic one 1.to cultivate one's independence 培养独立性 2.to develop a strong sense of responsibility 培养强烈的责任感 3.to foster a sense of competition and cooperation 培养竞争和合作感 4.be necessary to sth 对...是必要的 5.in one's future career/development 在未来的事业发展中 6.to enhance one's social awareness/consciousness/realization 提高人们的社 会意识 7.to become more socially adaptable 更具社会适应性 8.to keep pace with the outside world 跟上外面世界的步伐 9.to build up/ establish one's confidence 建立自信 10.offer somebody a sense of achievement/ accomplishment 给与成就感 11.to actualize/realize one's value and capability 实现价值与能力 12.to make money/earn money 挣钱 13.to form a good habit of frugality/thrift 养成勤俭的习惯 14.to provide a chance/opportunity for sb 提供机会 15.to apply A into B 把A应用到B 中 16.to apply for sth 申请 17.in return/in reward 作为回报 18.obtain/acquire/reap/gain/attain 获取 19.cooperate and compromise 合作与妥协 20.to master interpersonal skills 掌握人际关系技巧 21.to ease/lessen/relieve financial strain/burden 缓解经济压力和负担 22.to enjoy a more colorful and interesting campus life 享受多彩和有趣的校园 生活 23.to widen one's horizon 拓宽视野 24.to shape one's character 塑造性格 25.to exert a negative/adverse impact on one's study and life 对学习很生活产 生负面的影响 26.to have a positive influence on sth/sb对学习很生活产生正面的影响 27.take up/occupy one’s space and time 占用时间和空间 28.the sole task/ the main task 主要任务 29.to make the best of/ to make full use of/ to take the advantage of 充分利用 30.be essential to/be fundamental to/ be basic to 对...是很根本的 31.be mature and rational/be immature and irrational 成熟和理性的/或相反 32.be vulnerable to/ be exposed to 对...是敏感的/暴露在... 33.social evils 社会罪恶 34.to go astray/be led into traps/to become lost sheep/to fall down the slippery slope 误入歧途 35.to tell/distinguish/differentiate right from wrong 明辨是非
常用万能句型： 1、Nothing has received more praise and abuse than something 译文：没有什么能像…这样毁誉参半。 2、There is no doubt that 译文：毫无疑问 3、The reason why + 句子~~~ is that + 句子 译文：之所以…主要在于 4 、So + 形容词+ be + 主词+ that + 句子（如此…以至于…） 译文：如此…因此 5、It is conceivable that + 句子 译文：可想而知 6 、Leave much to be desired 译文：…远不能令人满意 7、The most obvious reason for this phenomenon is that 译文：造成该现象的最主要原因在于 8 、A is to B what C is to D 译文：A 对于B 就恰如C对于D 9 、There are probably many reasons contributing to this phenomenon 译文：造成该现象的原因有许多。 10、When it comes to ……， 译文：一谈到… 11、No one can deny the fact that…
译文：没有人能否认 12、To be sure, the topic concerning ……can always attract our eyes 译文：无疑，有关…话题总是能够引起人们的关注 13、Never has …failed to fascinate us in modern society 译文：在当代社会…总是能够引起人们的关注 14、Simply put,… 译文：简而言之， 15、It is no overstatement to say that 译文：可以毫不夸张地说 16、…is a good case in point 译文：…就是一个绝佳的例子 17、People assume different attitudes towards this issue 译文：人们对该问题的观点不一而同。 18、As is widely-accepted,… 译文：众所周知， 19、To conclude,… 译文：总之， 20、Nothing is further from the truth than this opinion 译文：没有任罕菊净种说法比这种观点更加荒唐了。 21、There is an element of truth in both opinions 译文：这两种观点都有其可取之处。 22、Another consideration in this case is that…
图表：99%的雅思学生都会犯的图表作文问题 1.一般没有had a decrease/ increase的说法，一般是saw a decrease/increase。 2. Increased, decreased, declined 这些上升和下降的词都没有被动语态。 3.当the number, the amount, the figure， the proportion做句子的主语的时候，不能用account for。 4.The proportion of 后面不能加句子，譬如说 the proportion of people worked in the healthcare sector是错的，要写成the proportion of people who worked in the healthcare sector 5.Make up, account for, constitute这些词一般只用于出现了分数或者百分比的题目，不用于描述其他数据。 6. The amount不能替换the number； the number of后面一定要加可数名词复数 7. Ratio和rate一般不能替代proportion和percentage 8. Picture 不能替换graph 或者chart 9. 不要用定语从句读数据，譬如说 the crime rate in the US was highest, which was 0.3%. 这里的which was 直接省略。 10. 结尾段一般不写in conclusion 11. 结尾段不能写数据 12. 一般是compared with，而不是comparing with 13. Followed by后面要写名词，而且这个名词要和主句的主语性质差不多 14. Reach 读数据的时候不能加to或者at, 直接加数据就可以 15. 说人年龄的时候应该是aged，譬如说people aged from 15 to 24 16. 一般不会用过去进行时态，也就是was increasing/decreasing 是错的 17. While, whereas一定要连接两个独立的句子，不能够单独存在 18. While 一般用于两个不同东西的对比，很少用于描述一个对象自己的上升和下降 19. 副词slightly不能修饰名词，应该是slight increase, drop 20. 小作文一般用不到minimum这个词，minimal的意思不是“最小的”，而是“基本上可以忽略不计的” 21. 尽量不要用套句，如果用，要注意不要写错，it is worth noting that, it should be noted that 22. 图表作文一般用不到on the contrary, 用in contrast, by contrast即可 23. 表示波动可以说fluctuated，不要写saw a fluctuation 24. Reduce和raise这两个词小作文用不到，因为是及物动词；arise也不能替代rise；“ascent/descent”不能用在小作文里。 25. remained 后面只能加形容词，也就是“remain constantly”是错的，只有“remain constant” 26. 在动态图里，一般是rose “数字”-fold，譬如说是”rose fivefold”而不是“rose five times” 27. Doubled(增长一倍)不及物动词，没有被动 28. “outnumber”的主语一般是可数名词的复数，不能是不可数名词；表示超过的时候，一般是用overtake/surpass 29. “millions”或者“thousands”在句子中出现时不能加复数，只有“数字+million or thousand”的说法 30. 动态图过分注重数据和小的波动，而忽视趋势。所谓趋势，就是一个区间内最主要的一个变化（譬如说，如果大部分时候是上升，就是上升趋势） 31. 静态图过分侧重读数据，没有将数据归类和归纳（具备类似特征的数据要放在一起） 32. 图表作文最好不要出现in addition, moreover这些连接词 33. 要么就between… and…，要么就from… to…, 没有between… to…的说法 34. 用same的时候，一般前面有一个the，譬如说the same trend；形容词或者副词最高级前面也一般都
雅思写作常用句型分类总结 雅思写作是否有规律可循，答案是肯定的。至少从语言上来讲，雅思考试的写作可以通过一些句型的替换来实现个人观点的陈述，完成论述过程。熟练掌握运用这些表达方式可以大大节约在考场上的时间，也可以使自己的文章能够流畅自如，从而获得高分。下面就将这些句型做一个分类总结： 一．首段的句型 第一句：描述背景： 1. Along with the rapid development the society, remarkable changes have taken place in… 随着社会的快速发展，……已发生了显著的变化。 2. The ….is a subject matte r in recent years. …是近年来的一个课题。 3. In recent years, China has experienced an alarming increase in… / In recent years, much more attention than ever before has been paid to …. 最近几年来，中国……有了惊人的增长。 /近几年来，….吸引了众多关注。 4. One of the pressing problem facing our nation (China) today is…and… 我们国家(中国)如今面临的紧迫问题之一是…… 第二句：改写题目/介绍两个对立论点 1.There is much controversy over whether…/There is an ongoing debate about … 对于是否…很有争论 2.S ome people think that… Others argue that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth to both arguments, but I think… 有的人认为应该……另一些人持相反意见。也许双方的观点都有一定道理，但是…… 3.It is widely held/acknowledged that….(改写题目)。Such people think that…（介 绍对方观点） 第三句：提出个人观点/引出接下来要讨论的内容 1.表示只赞同一方观点： My personal view is that … is of benefits to sb./sth. As far as I know, its benefits are far more obvious than its downsides. Although…, I am of the view that they do more harm than good. My personal view is that its benefits cannot justify its harmful effects.我 个人观点是它的好处不能抵消它的负面影响。
雅思小作文模板句必备50句型 A 1.the table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to... 该表格描述了在...年之...年间...数量的变化。 2.the bar chart illustrates that... 该柱状图展示了... 3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding... 该图为我们提供了有关...有趣数据。 4.the diagram shows (that)... 该图向我们展示了... 5.the pie graph depicts (that).... 该圆形图揭示了... 6.this is a cure graph which describes the trend of... 这个曲线图描述了...的趋势。 7.the figures/statistics show (that)... 数据(字)表明... 8.the tree diagram reveals how... 该树型图向我们揭示了如何... 9.the data/statistics show (that)... 该数据(字)可以这样理解... 10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that... 这些数据资料令我们得出结论... 11.as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table... 如图所示... 12.according to the chart/figures... 根据这些表(数字)... 13.as is shown in the table... 如表格所示... 14.as can be seen from the diagram, great changes have taken place in... 从图中可以看出，...发生了巨大变化。 15.from the table/chart/diagram/figure, we can see clearly that...or it is clear/apparent from the chart that... 从图表我们可以很清楚(明显)看到... 16.this is a graph which illustrates... 这个图表向我们展示了... 17.this table shows the changing proportion of a & b from...to... 该表格描述了...年到...年间a与b的比例关系。 18.the graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in... 该图以圆形图形式描述了...总的趋势。 19.this is a column chart showing... 这是个柱型图，描述了...