第二讲定语从句与倒装句
一、复习：虚拟语气
1)I wish _______________ (我年轻的时候有你们这样的机
会).
2)If only _______________ (他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not
have killed himself.
3)—— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?
——I’d rather he ______________ _ (漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).
4)It’s high time that ______________ _ (采取措施解决交通堵塞的
问题).
5)Hugh usually talks ______________ _ (仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).
6)We insist that _______________ (让杰克立刻进医院).
7)We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________ (取消
期中考试).
8)It is essential that ______________ _(每个人都为紧急情况做好
准备).
9)_______________ (如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have
had quite a comfortable journey.
10)I was to have made a speech ______________ _(要不是有人把我的话打断了).
11)_______________ (如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well
now.
12)If the doctor had not come in time, _______________ (他现在就不在
人间了).
13)But for his help, _______________ (我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子
了).
14)Were I in your place, _______________ (我会毫不犹豫地抓住机
会).
15)Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(这项法案早就通过了).
二、语法讲解
定语从句（Attributive clauses）
在句中修饰名词或代词的从句，因其修饰作用相当于形容词，故称形容词性从句，即通常所说的定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。构成: 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句
1．关系代词：
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。关系代词充当宾语可以省略。例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2）whose 用来指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，。例如：
Please pass me the book whose cover is red.（指物）
The lawyer whose name is Wang Jin lives in Nanjing.（指人）
3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等。例如：Great changes which / that have never been seen before appears in the countryside. （which / that在句中作主语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句
when = on (in, at, during…) + which;
where = in (at, on…) + which;
why = for which. 如：
I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.
The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.
This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.
注：先行词是the way时，其后的定语从句关系词有三种，例如：
I like the way in which / (that) the teacher gives his lessons.
从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。也就是说要看先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分
试比较：
I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong.
( spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 )
I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland. （从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）
The reason （that/which）he gave for not coming to school yesterday is unbelievable. ( gave是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 )
The reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday is unbelievable.
（从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）
3. 关系代词that与which；that与who的一些特殊用法：
指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that：
1）先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much 等不定代词；或是先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时：
Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town?
注：当something确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以，如：
There is something that/which keeps worrying me. “有一件事一直令我不安。”
2) 先行词被形容词最高级或有序数词the first, the second…, the last修饰时：
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
3) 先行词被the only，the very修饰时：
The only thing that matters is to find our way home.
4) 先行词既有人又有物时：
They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school.
5) 当主句是由who或which引导的特殊问句时，为避免重复，定语从句中常用that：
Who is the man that is standing by the door?
Which is the dictionary (that) you bought yesterday?
只能用which 的两种情况
1) 非限制性定语从句,先行词为物
e.g. Yangtze river, which is the third longest river, lies in China.
2) 整句话当先行词
It rained a lot, which made a flood happened
只能用as, 不能用which, that, who 的两种情况
1) 先行词被such, the same 修饰时
e.g. I’ve never heard of such a terr ible earthquake as you told me.
You are using the same pen as I lost yesterday. (像，两支)
You are using the same pen that I lost yesterday.（正是，同一支）
2) 非限制性定语从句提前,关系词用as,“正如…所知道,所期望…的一样”
e.g. As we know，Taiwan belongs to China,
当先行词是anyone, those, these, he, she等代词表“人”时，一般用who而不用that：Anyone who wants a ticket please sign your name here.
Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m. He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，通常用that而不用who：
He is no longer the man that he used to be.
4. 一种特殊的非限制性定语从句
在非限制性定语从句中，有时根据句子意思，常把some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。
He has five children, two of whom are abroad.
(比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)
We have tested three hundred types of boots, none of which is/are completely waterproof.
(比较：We have tested three hundred types of boots, but none of them is/are completely waterproof.)
定语从句中易犯的错误
1. 在定语从句中加了多余的定语
e.g. So me of the boys I invited them didn’t come. (them)
2. 把定语从句谓语动词的单复数弄错
e.g. Anyone who break the rules will be punished. (breaks)
Those who has finished may go home. (have)
He is the only one of the teachers who know English in our school. (knows)
This is one of the rooms that is free now. (are)
3. 误省略了定语从句中做主语的关系代词
e.g. Children ∧ eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth. (who / that)
4. 定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词
a). The house where he lives in needs repairing. ( where he lives 或 that he lives in)
b) I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing. ( the day when 或 the day on which)
5. 在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用关系代词或关系副词
I still remember the day when we spent together. (that / which)
This is the house where we lived in last year. (that /which)
6. 在先行词reason 后错用关系副词why
I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late. (that /which)
7. 主句不完整,首先要补充完整
This factory is ∧ that I worked in. (the one )
8. what 引导的名词性从句做主语,宾语,表语
That can be done has already been done. (what)
9. 误将强调句型当定语从句
I was in the kitchen where the fire broke out. (that)
练习：
1．All ____ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing
B. that
C. what
D. which
2．He paid the boys $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned
for at least a year.
A. these
B. those
C. that
D. which
3．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. that
B. who
C. from whom
D. to whom
4．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made
the
others unhappy.
A .who B. which C. this D. what
5．①John is the only one of the students who ____ French．
②John is one of the students who ____ French．
A．know B．knows C．knowing D．known
6．①This is the knife ____ I usually cut my pencil．
②This is the knife ____ I usually use to cut my pencil．
A．with which B．which C．by which D．with that
7．①Who lives in the house ____ windows face south？
② Who lives in the house ____ the windows face south？
A．whose B．which C．of which D．that
8．①Is this f actory ____ you visited last year？
②Is this the factory ____ you visited last year？
A．that B．of which C．the one D．where
9．①When I have trouble，he is the only one ____I can ask for help．
②When I have trouble，he is the only one ____ I can go for help．
A．whom B．to whom C．which D．to who
10．①The reason ____ he gave us was that his car broke down on the way．
②The reason ____he was late was that his car broke down on the way．
A．for which B．which C．how D．what
翻译：
The social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds,
(其中较大的一笔到明年将全部
用完）。
The road of life is long, but only a few steps are crucial especially during some
years (当
人年轻的时候).
（孩子们花费的时间） in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people. April Fool’s Day is that special day of the year （在这一天你可以捉弄别人）.
易混题
一．定语从句与并列句（注意用标点符号和连接词and, but等来区别。）
1.Mr Li has three daughters, none of________ is an engineer.
2.Mr Li has three daughters, but none of__________ is a dancer.
3.Mr Li has three daughters; __________ are doctors.
二. 定语从句与地点状语从句（看是否有先行词，如果有，就是定语从句，如果没有，就是状语从句）
1.Rice doesn’t grow well _____ there is not enough water.
2.I still remember the farm_____ my parents worked ten years ago.
三. 定语从句与强调句
强调句型可以还原成正常语序的句子，也就是说，强调句型中去掉It be… that后，句子仍然通顺，意义也依然完整，只是没有那么强调突出。而定语从句去掉了It be… that后句子就不完整了。
1. It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met John at the airport.
It is the morning of May 1st _____ I met John at the airport.
2. It is in the factory _______John works.
It is the factory _______John works.
四. 定语从句与结果状语从句
在定语从句中，若先行词被such 修饰时，关系词要用as, 组成such…as结构.这个结构与状语从句such…that…（如此…以致…）很相似，要注意区别。若从句中的及物动词后无宾语，就是定语从句，用such…as.否则就是状语从句，用such…that.
1.I have the same computer _____you have. ( as)
2. She is such a kind girl _____all of us like to make friends with her. (that)
五. 定语从句与习惯句型.
注意固定句型：It is the first/second/third time that+ 从句（从句用现在完成时）
1.It is the first time ______she has been in Shanghai.
2.It was the time _______Chinese people had a hard life.
六. 定语从句与单句（注意标点符号。两个单句间用句号，而定语从句两个句子间用逗号。）
1.The mother told the lazy boy to work, ____didn’t help
2.The mother told the lazy boy to work. _____didn’t help.
1、倒装句（Inversion）
英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。
一、倒装的类型
二、倒装结构的基本用法
1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装
翻译：
Television was not invented by any one person, (也不是一夜之间就出现的).
The organization had broken no rules, but (也没有很负责地执行规定).
（虽然他年龄不大） , he knows a lot of things.
第二讲 Part 1 定语及定语从句 强化练习 1 判断下面划线部分是否充当定语。 1.I don’t like lazy people. 2.The boy in worn-out clothes is clever. 3.The boy is standing under the tree. 4.I know the boy under the tree. 5.The student who is elected monitor is usually very capable. 6.I don’t know who was elected monitor. 强化练习 2 下列定语从句中先行词的划分是否正确。 1.I will never forget the days which we spent together. 2.The boy who is sitting in the classroom needs a pen. 3. A dictionary is a tool which is of great importance in learning languages. 4.I know a place which is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 5.The woman who I often visit is Tom’s mother. 强化练习 3 判断下面一段话中有几个定语从句。 I’m talking about friends who care deeply about each other, who support each other, who make life worth living. I’ m talking about friends who you can share almost everything with. A. 1个 B. 2个 C. 3个 D. 4个 Part 2 关系代词 强化练习 1 下列句子中的关系代词可省略的有哪些。(多选) A. These are some questions which I want to ask you. B. The man who I phoned spoke Spanish.
第二讲定语从句 定语从句（Ⅰ） 1、定义及相关术语 1. 定义：修饰某一____或____的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的_____之后。 2. 先行词：被_______修饰的词叫先行词。 3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that ,which ,who ,whom, whose ,as等；在句中充当____ ____ ___和____.关系副词有when ,where ,why 等,在句中充当____. 关系词通常有三个作用：（1）______：关系代词引导定语从句，把从句和主句连接起来；（2）______：关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词；（3）______: 关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。 2、关系代词引导的定语从句 1. who指_____，在定语从句中作________。 2.whom指_____，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。 3. which指______，在定语从句中作________，作宾语时常可省略。 4.that指____时，相当于who或whom ; 指____时，相当于which ,在定语从句作_____。作宾语时，可省略。 5. whose通常指____，也可指______，在定语从句中作_______。即“人的或物的”，表示“______关系” The boys_____ are playing football are from Class One. Li Ming is just the boy _______ I want to see They planted some trees ______ didn’t need much water. The fish _____ we bought this morning were not fresh . I once lived in a room ____ window faces south The child _______ parents were killed in the air crash is now living with his aunt . 1）who 与whom 的区别与联系 关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。The man ___________you met just now is my old friend . 当动词短语中的介词提在关系词前时，只用whom 不用who The student ____our teacher is talking to is our monitor. . The student to___ our teacher is talking is our monitor. 2 ) whose 指物时，常用下列结构来代替：whose +n == the +n +of which == of which +the +n Do you like the book _____ cover is yellow? Do you like the book the
语法填空?练习（2） 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. (2017·湖南六校联考)Learning it is like _______ (climb)a mountain. 2. (2017·盘锦一模)She said I just wanted good grades, but I didn’t put enough effort into _______ (get)them. 3. (2017·衡水中学二模)I knew she needed my help, and her smile was enough _______ (make)my day. 4. (2017·哈尔滨二模) _______ (face)with many problems while chasing his dream, he often sleeps in homeless shelters and even a public bathroom. 5. (2017·钦州一模)But in China, smiling is not only an expression of happiness, but also a way to avoid _______ (be)embarrassed. 6. (2017·重庆一模)People do have different ideas about what _______ (wear). 7. (2017·临汾三模)Almost every Chinese student is made _______ (recite)classical Chinese poems during their primary and middle school, even kindergarten days. 8. Instead of _______ (ask)the participants to simply recite, the TV show tests their profound understanding and rich knowledge of classical poetry as well as quick responses. 9. (2017·山东师大附中一模)The teahouse recreates the character of old Beijing, which makes it a must for foreigners, who, from around the world, come to China _______ (appreciate)Beijing Opera, drama and other Beijing folk art, as well as drink tea. 10. (2017·南昌一模)So when my friends invited me _______ (go)for a long weekend
板块三句法提升表达升级 第二讲复合句 第一节定语从句 考点三定语从句与其他从句的区分 1.非限制性定语从句和并列句 I have three cars, none of which is in good condition.（定语从句） 我有三辆汽车，没有一辆车是好的。 I have three cars, but none of them is in good condition. （并列句） 我有三辆汽车，但是没有一辆车是好的。 2.定语从句与同位语从句 The suggestion that he came up with is practical.（定语从句中，that在从句中充当宾语可省略）他提出来的建议是可行的。 He gave me a suggestion that we should read aloud every morning.（同位语从句，that在从句 中不作成分，但不可省略） 他给我一个建议就是每天早上都要大声朗读。 3.非限制性定语从句与主、表语从句 （1）It be done（reported/said/suggested等）+that从句 that从句是主语从句，it作形式主语“据说（报道、建议等）” It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.（主语从句） 据规章要求你不应该把你电子邮件账户的密码告诉别人。 （2）What be done（reported/said/suggested等）is（was）that从句 what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句“所（报道、建议）的是……” What is required in the regulations is that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.（表语从句） 规章所要求的是你不应该把你电子邮件账户的密码告诉别人。 （3）As be done（reported/said/suggested等），主句As引导非限制性定语从句“正如所（报道、建议）的那样，……” As is required in the regulations, you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.（非限制性定语从句） 正如规则要求的一样，你不应该把你电子邮件账户的密码告诉别人。
内容 基本要求 定语从句 （一） 1. 定义 2. 关系代词和关系副词 新概念二 第20课 动名词 定语从句 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等。 关系副词有：when, where, why 等。 如：The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. 我们昨天看到的那个女孩是吉姆的姐姐。 The fish (which) we bought yesterday were not fresh. 昨天我们买的那条鱼不新鲜。 1. 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。 如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that 在从句中作主语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which/of whom 互换) 如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which the ） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 如：The package （which / that ）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 2. 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 关系副词when, where, why 的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。 如：There are occasions when （on which ）one must yield. 第六讲 定语从句（一） 本讲内容 语法考点
第二讲定语从句 一、明备考方向 语法填空常考点短文改错常考点写作常用句式 1.关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as 的用法； 2.关系副词where, when, why的用法； 3.“介词＋关系 代词”引导的定语从句。1.引导非限制性定语从句该 用which而误用其他关系 词(如that)； 2.关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that的缺失； 3.关系代词who, whom的 错用； 4.先行词是人或物时，关系 代词who, which的错用； 5.关系代词as的错用； 6.关系副词和关系代词的误 用； 7.人称代词与关系代词的误 用。 1.As we all know .../As is known to all ... “众所周知……” 2.As sb. puts it ...“按照某人所说的……” 3.such ...as ...“像……这样的……” 4.the same ...as .../the same as ...“像……一 样的” 5.one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句“…… 中的一个” 6.the only one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句 “……中唯一的一个” 7.由which引导的非限制性定语从句。 ..., which ...(which代替上文整句话，译为 “这一点”) 二、攻重点难点 (一)who, whom, whose引导定语从句的用法 1．先行词是人，关系词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that，关系词不可省略；关系 词在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom/who/that，关系词可以省略。 2．先行词those后常用who引导定语从句。 3．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，如果先行词指人，用whom指代人且不能省略。 4．whose引导定语从句时，作定语，且不能省略。 I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year. 我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的同校同学成了好朋友。 I have many friends to whom I'm going to send post cards. 我要寄贺卡给我的很多朋友。 The school shop, w hose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. 这家主要顾客是学生的校内商店，放假时关闭。
第六讲定语从句 定语从句是高考考查的热点。在语法填空题和短文改错题中主要考查：关系代词和关系副词的正确使用；“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时介词或关系代词的选用等。在语法填空题中一般都会涉及定语从句的考查，且考查形式为无提示词型填空。在短文改错题中主要涉及：(1)关系代词与关系副词的误用；(2)“介词＋关系代词”中介词的误用或关系代词的误用；(3)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句在关系代词上的误用；(4)句子成分的赘余；(5)定语从句与其他从句的混淆而产生的错误等。 考点一关系代词引导的定语从句
◆(2016·北京高考单项填空)I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。 ◆(2015·福建高考单项填空)China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 《今日中国》吸引了全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。 ◆As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. 正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候Amy就好些了。 (1)whom, which, that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that； (2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such, so, as或the same等修饰，且as 在从句中作宾语时不能省略。 【即时训练】——单句语法填空 1．(2016·四川高考)I prefer to work in black and white, ____________ allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly. 答案：which 2．(2015·江苏高考单项填空)The number of smokers，____________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 答案：as 3．(2015·四川高考单项填空)The books on the desk, ____________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 答案：whose 考点二关系副词引导的定语从句 the weather may be better. 我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好些。 ◆(福建高考)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。 ◆Is this the reason why he refused our offer?
专题语法：定语从句 第二讲 导：1. Have a dictation of words we have learned last class. 2. To show some examples of attributive. 思：认真看导学提纲并完成相关题目。 1.关系代词的具体用法。 1） 关系代词 that 的用法：判断that 在定语从句中的成分。 A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. The noodles were delicious. I ate the noodles. She isn’t the girl. She was the girl 10 years ago. 2) Which 的用法: 判断which 在定语从句中的成分。 They planted the trees. The trees didn’t need much water. The fish were not fresh. We bought the fish. 3) Who 和whom 的用法：判断who 或whom 在定语从句中的成分。 A plane is a machine that can fly. （ ） The noodles that I ate were delicious. （ ） She isn’t the girl that she was 10 years ago. （ ） They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. ( ) The fish which we bought were not fresh. ( )
第六讲定语从句 1．who,whom和whose引导的定语从句 (1)who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 ◆I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year. 我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。 ◆I have many friends to whom I’m going to send post cards.我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。 ◆The person I want to talk about with you is Tu Youyou, the one who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. 我想与你讨论的人是屠呦呦，2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的人。 (2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which; 指人时相当于of whom。 ◆The school shop,whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. 这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 ◆Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution. 汤姆是想出解决方法的唯一工程师。 2．that,which引导的定语从句 (1)which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。that 指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。 ◆She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。 (2)限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况： ①先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。 ◆I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 ②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 ◆The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
第二讲定语及定语从句 [思维导图] Ⅰ.定语 1．修饰或限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句被称为定语。 2．定语可由形容词、数词、形容词性物主代词、介词短语、非谓语动词或定语从句等充当。 3．定语有前置和后置两种情况，如短语结构、从句等作定语时，常置于被修饰词之后。 The beautiful girl is her daughter.(形容词和形容词性物主代词作前置定语) 那个漂亮的女孩是她的女儿。 The building being repaired is our library.(非谓语动词作后置定语) 正在修复的那幢楼是我们的图书馆。 Ⅱ.定语从句
一、必须掌握的定语从句的3个概念及2种分类 1．定语从句 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。 The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. 那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。(定语从句作后置定语) 定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 2．先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫先行词，作先行词的可以是： (1)一个词(通常是名词，也可以是代词) This is the place which is worth visiting. 这是值得参观的地方。 He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。 (2)一个短语 Many life’s problems which were solved by asking family members，friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. 许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题，是现在的大家庭无力解决的。 (3)一个分句 The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought，which took root in Europe long
[课堂应用体验] Ⅰ.完成句子并改写 1．第二，你会交到一些好朋友，他们也很喜欢打乒乓球。 Secondly, you'll make some good friends and they_are_also_interested_in_playing_ table_tennis. →Secondly, you'll make some good friends that/who_are_also_interested_in_playing_ table_tennis.(用定语从句改写) 2．他是个教授，那是我一直盼望的职业。 He is a professor, and I have been looking forward to becoming_a_professor. →He is a professor, which_I_have_been_looking_forward_to_becoming.(用定语从句改写) 3．这幅照片为我们展示了一个动人的时刻，在这一刻，一个小女孩来问候正在工作中的妈妈。 The picture shows us a touching moment when_a_little_girl_comes_to_greet_her_ working_mom. →The picture shows us a touching moment at_which_a_little_girl_comes_to_greet_her_ working_mom.(用“介词＋关系代词”改写) 4．人们也可以选择在一个团队中工作，在团队中他们可以向彼此学习。 People may also choose to work in a team, where_they_can_learn_from_each_other. →People may also choose to work in a team, in_which_they_can_learn_from_each _other.(用“介词＋关系代词”改写) 5．与动物照相对它们有坏的影响，这种行为打扰它们的休息。 Taking pictures with animals has a bad effect on the animals. It_greatly_disturbs_their _rest. →Taking pictures with animals has a bad effect on the animals, which_greatly_disturbs _their_ rest.(用定语从句改写) Ⅱ.语法填空 David is __1__ (extreme) worried about his son, __2__ often behaves like a coward. So he __3__ (pay) a v isit to the master and asked him to train his son. The master said, “I promise I'll be able to train your child into a real man in six months.” Six months later, his father came __4__ (pick) the child. The master arranged a match __5__ the child and his co ach to show the six-month training result. At Round One, the child __6__ (knock) down and fell to the ground. He stood up to meet the challenge. But he was knocked down again, and once again he stood up to fight ...this was repeated seven times. The master asked his father, “Do you think your child's __7__ (perform) is that of a man？” The father said, “I feel __8__ (shame) for him! I never expected that he would be so weak after
定语从句第一讲: 认识定语从句 一、定语： 1. 漂亮的女孩 2. 激动人心的消息 3. 重要的事情 4. 中国地图 5. 穿绿衣服的男孩 6. 全世界的发展中国家 7. 这就是我在寻找的那个地方. 8. The old woman has two sons, both of whom are teachers. 二、Introduction to attributive clauses + 1= 2= 3= 4= Exercise 1 请使用定语从句合并句子。 1. The number of the people reached 2000. The people lost home. The people 为本句的_______ → 2. The woman is a teacher. The woman lives next door. The woman 为本句的_______ → 3. His father is very strict with him. His father works in a factory. His father 为本句的________ → 4. The woman is Tom’s mother. The woman had a talk with our teacher just now. The man 为本句的_________ → 5. Where is my cheese? My cheese was in the fridge. My cheese 为本句的__________ → 6. I found a website. The website has many interesting novels. The website 为本句的________ → 7. A friend sent me an e-mail. I knew a friend in high school. a friend为本句的________ → 8. She married a man. She met the man at her high school reunion. the man为本句的_________ →
2019-２020年高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破6第六讲定语从句随堂巩固即时提升北 师大版1 20１9-20２0年高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破６第六讲定语从句随堂巩固 即时提升北师大版 Ⅰ单句语法填空 1．(xx·广东七校联合体联考)This womａn has ｓｅt a ｇo ｏｄｅxampｌe to herｓｏｎ，_＿_____＿_＿__is a reall ｙluckｙguy. who解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为hｅr son，故用who。 2.(ｘx·安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)Ovｅr the yｅars, I hａve mｅtｓome ｉnｔeresｔｉng peoplｅ.Two of ｔhｅｍoｓt intｅrestiｎg people weｒe two ｅlderly sisters，JoanａnｄBerｎice，＿_______＿_＿_wａy of talkiｎg ａbouｔｐeo ｐle inspｉred ｍe. whose解析:考查定语从句。whose引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作定语,先行词为Joan and Bernicｅ。 3．（ｘx·河南、河北七所名校联考)The shelｔer,________＿＿__is designed fｏr the ｔｈoｕｓands ｏf ｔrａders an
ｄｓhｏｐｐｅrｓatＢangｋok’s nighｔmａrket，hａs b ｅe ａｎattraｃtion itseｌf. which解析:考查定语从句。先行词是Tｈeｓhｅlter，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用wｈich。 4.(xx·湖南岳阳一中检测）The old man turned ｈis busin ｅsｓovｅr ｔo his yｏuｎger son，________＿＿_＿maｄe hｉｓｅlder son dｉsｃouraged． whicｈ解析：句意:那位老人把生意交给了小儿子，这使他的大儿子很沮丧。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面一整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语,故填whiｃｈ。 5.（xｘ·安徽安庆一中模拟)Ｉｗｉll ｎevｅr forgｅt suc ｈa beautｉｆul viｌｌage ____＿_______I ｓpeｎt my childhｏod witｈｍｙｇrandpaｒenｔs. wheｒｅ解析：句意：我永远不会忘记那个如此美丽的村庄，在那里我和祖父母一起度过我的童年。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是ｖｉｌlage，且在从句中作地点状语,因此用whｅｒe 引导,相当于in which。 ６.(xx·吉林省实验中学模拟）There thｅy met pｅｏｐle from othｅｒpａrts oｆthｅｃounｔrｙ，_______＿＿___had alｓo voluntｅered to help. who解析：句意:在那里他们遇到了从这个国家其他地方来的人,他们也是自愿来帮忙的。分析句子结构可知，设空处应是非限制性定语从句的引导词,先行词是pｅopｌｅ，从句缺少主
定语从句练习下 1.题面： 1、We’re just tying to reach a point both sides will sit down together and talk. A．where B．that C．when D．which 2、The Beatles, ______ many of you are old enough to remember , came from Liverpool. A．what B．that C．how D．as 2.题面： 1、All the neighbor admire this family, _________the parents are always treating their child like a friend. A. why B. where C. which D. that 2、Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, ___ there won’t be much work. A. where B. that C. by which D. without which 3.题面： 1、It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. A. that B. how C. which D. when 2、Animals suffered at the hands of Man ___ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural which had to provide food for more people. A. in which B. for which C. so that D. in that 4.题面： The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate. A. who’s B. whose C. that D. of which. 5.题面： 1、—Where did you get to know her? —It was on the farm _____we worked. A．that B．there C．which D．where 2、The book was written in 1946,______ the education system has witnessed great changes. A．when B．during which C．since then D．since when 6.题面： 1、____ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. As D. Which 2、– Who should be responsible for the accident? – The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order _____. A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told 7.题面： 1、Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______roof is under repair. A. whose B. which C. of which D. what 2、We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us.，________we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which 8.题面： His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. that C. where D. it 9.题面：
第六讲主谓一致 主谓一致有许多原则，概括起来不外乎三种一致原则，即语法形式一致，概念一致(语言内容上一致)，毗邻一致(谓语动词的单复数形式和紧位于其前的主语一致)。 一. 语法形式上的一致 1. 单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。复 数主语，用and或both卆nd连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例如： The performance was very funny. Serving the people is my great happiness. Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. Many natural materials are becoming scarce. Both you and I are students. What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper. 注1：在what 引导的主语从句中，如果主语补语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 例如：What we have to learn are the pieces of language that produce inversion. 注2：修饰语对主语的数不起影响。例如： The performance of the first three clowns was very funny. The number of students in our school is 1,700. 2. 由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 等引起的结构跟在主语后面，不能看作是并列主语，该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响，主语如是单数，其谓语动词仍然用单数形式。例如： My mother, as well as my father, has a key to the office. The man together with his wife and children sits there watching TV. His sister no less than you is wrong. The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students. 注：有时在with结构里，加上both之后，with就具有and含义。例如： Grandpa Wang with his son, both looking very happy, are taking a walk in the park. 3. 有些代词只能指单数可数名词，当它们在句子中作主语时，尽管在意义上是多数，谓语 动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。例如： Neither likes the friends of the other. 两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。 Everything around us is matter. 我们周围的所有东西都是物质。 4. 在neither of与either of的结构里，一般语法书都认为谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复 数形式。例如： Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard. Has either of them been seen recently? 5. 当and连结的两个名词是指同一个人或同一件事，and后的名词前没有冠词，谓语动词 应该用单数形式；在and后面的名词前有冠词，谓语就用复数形式。例如： The bread and butter is served for breakfast. 早饭供应黄油面包。