定语从句第一讲: 认识定语从句
一、定语：
1. 漂亮的女孩
2. 激动人心的消息
3. 重要的事情
4. 中国地图
5. 穿绿衣服的男孩
6. 全世界的发展中国家
7. 这就是我在寻找的那个地方.
8. The old woman has two sons, both of whom are teachers.
二、Introduction to attributive clauses
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1=
2=
3=
4=
Exercise 1 请使用定语从句合并句子。
1. The number of the people reached 2000.
The people lost home. The people 为本句的_______
→
2. The woman is a teacher.
The woman lives next door. The woman 为本句的_______
→
3. His father is very strict with him.
His father works in a factory. His father 为本句的________
→
4. The woman is Tom’s mother.
The woman had a talk with our teacher just now. The man 为本句的_________ →
5. Where is my cheese?
My cheese was in the fridge. My cheese 为本句的__________
→
6. I found a website.
The website has many interesting novels. The website 为本句的________
→
7. A friend sent me an e-mail.
I knew a friend in high school. a friend为本句的________
→
8. She married a man.
She met the man at her high school reunion. the man为本句的_________ →
9. The textbook is called Harry Potter’s Secret Words.
We are using the textbook. The textbook为本句的_________
→
10. A widow is a woman.
A woman’s husband has died.. A woman’s为本句的_________
→
11. The building is our school.
We see the roof of t he building there. of the building为本句的_________
→
12. I met a man. The man’s sister knows you.
→
13. This is the town.
I was born in the town. the town 是in的宾语，in the town为本句的________ →
14. Can you tell me the reason
You have run away from home because of the reason. because of the reason为本句的_______ →
15. The exact time was a quarter to one at night.
The fire broke out at a quarter to one at night. at a quarter to one at night. 为本句的________ →
Exercise 2
主句：____ 定语从句:（）先行词:
1. This is the book that I have been looking for.
2. The movie that we saw last night is very exciting.
3. I still remember the day which we spent together last week.
4 . The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class.
5. The girl who you met was John’s sister.
6. There is no reason why we shouldn’t be friends.
7. The days were gone when we had to travel on horses.
8. Is this the hospital where you were born?
Exercise 3: Read the following sentences. Tick the ones with attributive clauses.
1.I’m sure that the weather will get fine in a few days.
2.The first book that I’d like to read during the holidays is Travel in China.
3.Michael Jordan is such a great player that millions of people love him.
4.I know a shop which sells really good cookies.
5.All my classmates enjoyed the cake I made.
6.He is not the man that he once was.
7.The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
8.I was just wondering whose CD player it is.
9.We are going to look after the little girl whose mother is very ill in hospital.
10.Do you know who the teacher is talking to？
▲第二讲：关系词的选择：
Ⅰ.关系代词：
Ⅱ.关系副词：
解题策略：3破啥？→先行词→确定关系词
Ⅲ. 只用that不用which的情况：
①先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything等不定代词时
②先行词是all, much，little, none或先行词被all, much, little, no, any修饰时
③先行词被最高级、序数词以及the first, the last, the very, the only修饰时
④先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that
⑤当先行词前面有which，who等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用关系代词that . 同理，当先行词是that, those时，常用关系代词which或who。
⑥当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
Ⅳ. 不能that的情况：
①关系代词直接放在介词后面时，不能用that。指物时用which，指人时用whom
②引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which, who, whom, 不用that，也不能省略
Ⅴ. 只能用who的情况：
当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, he, those ,none, all(指人)时，关系代词常用who Challenge yourself：
This is the school ______ I once studied.
This is the school ______ is the most famous in the city.
I am studying at a school ______ my father teaches English.
1. The place ______ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.
A. which
B. where
C. what
D. in which
2. The place ______ he had a good time last Sunday was the Children’s Palace.
A. which
B. Where
C. what
D. in where
3. Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. on which
4. That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
5. The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where
B. to which
C. which
D. in which
6. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.
A. Which
B. that
C. who
D. whom
7. Who _____ has common sense（常识）will do such a thing？
A. Which
B. who
C. whom
D. that
8. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A. that B. those C. which D. what
9. They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. where
10. A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. Who B. who’s C. whose D. which
11. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies.
A. Whom
B. who
C. when
D. because
12. Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of the proposal？
A. which
B. what
C. why
D. for that
13. He was born in the year _____ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.
A. which
B. when
C. on which
D. during which
14. The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A. when
B. during that
C. in which
D. which
15. -How do you like the book？-It’s quite different from _____ I read last month.
A. that
B. which
C. the one
D. the one what
16.Who is the person ______ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?
A. who
B. that
C. which
D. whom
17.Those ______ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
A. learn
B. who
C. that learns
D. who learn
18.Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.
A. whom
B. where
C. that
D.which
19. Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of ______ she spoke fluently.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. that
20.I like the second football match ______ was held last week.
A. which
B. who
C. that
D. /
21. She was no longer the woman ______ she was.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. who
22. We should read such books ______ will make us better and wiser.
→He lives in a house __________ window faces south.
→He lives in a house, ______ _______ _______ _______ faces south.
→He lives in a house, ______ _______ ______ _______ faces south.
He is the farmer. His son is studying in Qinghua University.
→
Tip: 名词前有冠词the时用of which, 名词前没有冠词时用whose
① I saw some trees ______ the leaves were black with disease.
A.where
B. of which
C. in which
D. whose
② The old temple, _____roof was damaged in storm, is now under repair.
A. where
B. which
C. its
D. whose
③ The prize will go to the writer ______ story shows the most imagination.
A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. what
④ The man pulled out a gold watch, ______ were made of small diamonds.
A. the hands of whom
B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of
D. the hands of which
⑤ Many children, ______ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.
A. their .
B. whose
C. of them
D. with whom
⑥ I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______ help I would never have got this far.
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. which
“介词+关系词”的用法 1、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which 或whom。 如：The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. →The school in which he once studied is very famous. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. →Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. →We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 2、关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。 关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。如：when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which ） 如：I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.
介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 介词加关系代词引导的定语从句要注意以下几点： 1．“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which（指物）和whom （指人），即：介词+which/whom。不能用that 和who。 .This is the teacher from whom we’ve learned a lot. 这就是从他那里我们学了很多东西的老师。 Great changes have taken place in the city in which we live. 我们所居住的城市发生了巨大的变化。 2．有时介词也可放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可用which/that(指物)， who/whom/that（指人），也可以省略。 . The situation (which/that ) we had got into was very dangerous. 我们当时的处境很危险。 The man (whom/who/that) you were talking to just now is my English teacher. 你刚刚和他谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。 3．当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配，不可分割时，那么动词短语中的介词不能前置。 .This is the pen which I’m looking for. 这是我正在找的那支钢笔。 不能写成：This is the pen for which I’m looking. 4．定语从句也可由“名词/代词/数词+介词+which/whom”引出。 . That old man has two sons, one of whom is a doctor. 那个老人有两个儿子，其中一个是医生。 The house, the windows of which ( = whose windows = of which the windows) were damaged, has now been repaired. 窗子遭破坏的那栋房子现在已经修好了。 5．引导定语从句的关系副词(when, where, why) 可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。 .I’ll never forget the day when I joined the party. (when= on which). 我永远都不会忘记入党的日子。 The factory where my father works is in the east of the city. (where = in which). 父亲工作的那家工厂在城东。 None of us know the reason why Tom was absent from the meeting. (why = for which). 我们都不知道汤姆缺席会议的原因。
定语从句中关系副词的用法 关系副词，顾名思义，是联系先行词和定语从句的词，属于副词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下： 表时间的名词+ when + 定语从句 when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. I’ll never forget the day when I joined t he army. 表地点的名词+ where + 定语从句 where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。) 例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略) 上句也可以这样表示： That is the reason I did the job. 又如：This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature. 关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视： 1）“when”、“where”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子： *I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore. *I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School. **This is the hospital where my mother works. **This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday. ***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill. ***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office . 2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词+ which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如： Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which= when) This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where) Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party. (for which=why) 有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词+ which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例如： My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river. At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhou se. 3) 关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。
如何正确选用定语从句关系词 关系词的选用让许多学生摸不找头脑，下面我将介绍我的经验。我把关系词的选用分为两个步骤： 第一步、看定语从句中缺少什么成分以确定是选用关系代词还是关系副词。如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时，则这个关系词应是关系代词；如果定语从句中缺少时间状语、地点状语或原因状语，那么我们应该选用关系副词。如： This is the book ____ I want. 此句定语从句是I want，经分析，want 是个及物动词，须带宾语，也就是说，定语从句中缺少宾语，由此我们可知空上所填应是关系代词。这就是第一步，确定关系代词还是关系副词。 第二步、看先行词。要弄明白先行词是指人还是指物以及是否受到序数词、最高级等词的修饰以进一步圈定先行词。如在上面例句中，先行词是the book, 是指物且无其他的修饰词，由此我们可以判断关系代词可用which 或that。 通过以上这两个步骤我们就可以确定关系词，但有一点要注意，这两个步骤的顺序不可以弄错，一旦弄错很容易陷入误区。如：This is the reason ____he explained to us. 如果学生先看先行词很容易选用why,而实际上从句中缺少宾语应选用关系代词，这一点就可以排除关系副词why。比较下面两个句子：
○1. Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago? ○2. Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we stayed three months ago? 这两个句子看似无差异，但答案不一样。我们按照以上所说步骤顺序来进行分析：在例1 中，定语从句的谓语visited, 是及物动词，其后应接宾语，换句话说，定语从句中缺少宾语应选用关系代词，然后看先行词，the chicken farm 指物且无序数词、最高级等特殊修饰词修饰，所以关系代词应是that 或which；而例2 中，定语从句的谓语是不及物动词stayed，不能接宾语，也就是从句中缺少状语，且先行词是表示地点的名词，所以它的答案是关系副词where。如果我们先看先行词来进行选择，很可能会走进误区。 总而言之，我们同学需要在以后的学习中逐步掌握它的用法，细细体会它的精髓。
定语从句之关系词的选择 一、复习： 1.定语从句的定义:在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 2.先行词：被修饰的名词或者代词叫做先行词。 3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。 4.关系词：关系代词：which,that,who,whom,whose 关系副词：when,where,why Eg. This is the book___________my father bought for me.（物，宾语） This is a book________has 199 pages.(物，主语) He is the man__________bought a book for me.（人，主语） The boy_________his father bought a book for is Bob.（人，宾语） The boy_________father bought a book for him is Bob.（人，定语） The book________color is red is Bob’s.(物，定语) The visited the town________I lived.(地点状语) They visited the town________I liked.(物，宾语) I will never forget the day_______Obama met Bao Zheng.(时间状语) I will never forget the time________I spent on campus.(物，宾语) That was the reason_______he gave me yesterday.(物，直接宾语) That was the reason________I began to learn photoshop.(原因状语) 关系代词和关系副词用法总结 关系词先行词关系词在定语从句中的成分which 物主语，宾语（可省略） that 人，物主语，宾语（可省略） who 人主语 whom 人宾语（可省略） whose 人，物定语 when 时间状语 where 地点状语 why 原因状语 二、关系词选择两步骤。 1.看先行词是人还是物。 2.看先行词在从句中所处的地位：主语，宾语，定语——关系代词；状语-----关系副词
测试科目：高一英语备课时间：50分钟备选题目：关系代词引导的定语从句 备课方案如下 关系代词引导的定语从句 定义理解 定语：对名词或代词起修饰或限定作用的词、短语或句子。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词，可分为关系代词和关系副词。 例句分析： The woman (whom you saw in the park) is our English teacher. 先行词定语从句 分析：关系词whom 主句The woman is our English teacher 定语从句whom you saw in the park
关系代词的主要用法 1.关系代词指物时，关系代词用which或that China is a country which has a large population. 2.关系代词指人时，关系代词用who/whom。若后面 紧跟名词表所属，则用whose The boy who is in red over there is my brother. The boy whose clothes is red is my brother. 3.以下四种情况只能用that 1）当先行词是all,much,little,few等不定代词时You should hand in all that you have. I did nothing that might hurt you. 2）当先行词是序数词、形容词、最高级或先行词有only,the same,the very,the last等词修饰时 This is the best film that has been shown so far in this city. Chatting is the only thing that interested her most. 3）当先行词既有指人又有指物的词时 She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in. 4）当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时Who is the person that is standing at the gate.
This is a date that we are all proud of. This is a place ( where) my father has worked. This is a place ( which) my father has lived in for 12years. This is a place (which ) my father has visited several times.
1. This is the ring (on which) she spent 1000 dollars. 2. I can’t remember the age (at which)he won the prize. 3. be clear about the job for which you are applying.
4.This is the house (about which) I wrote to you. 2.There are two doors, one of which leads to the living room. This is the book /which that I bought yesterday. This is the book ( whose )cover is
colorful. 1. The news (that)was reported in the article is incorrect. 2. The news (that)he was resigning is incorrect.
锐思教育学科教师辅导教案 辅导科目: 英语学员姓名：年级: 学科教师：韩海霞课时数：第次课 授课主题定语从句中关系代词的具体用法 1，复习定语从句的基本结构和关系词的用法 教学目标 2，掌握定语从句中关系代词的具体用法 授课日期及时段 教学内容 一，导入 复习上节课的学习的定语从句的基本内容，关系词的选择以及做题方法。 1，定语从句的基本结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句（关系代词一般位于定语从句的句首） 2，关系词可以分为关系副词和关系代词： 关系副词共有三个，在定语从句中作状语。when 表示时间，在定语从句作时间状语；where 表示地点，在从句中作地点状语；why 表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason 一词。 关系代词that 、which 、who 、whom 、whose 、as 的具体用法 人物主语宾语that √√√√ which ×√√√ who √×√√ whom √××√ whose 只能在从句中作定语，可以指人也可以指物。As 用在一些特定的结构中，as you know 3，选用关系词的做题方法，一“找”，二“还”，三“替换”。 一“找”：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词和关系词。 二“还”：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。（可以添词） 三“替换”：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用
关系副词。（时间状语用when ，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why ） 练习： 1，【2014 湖南】I am looking forward to the day C my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. A. as B. why C. when D. where 2，【2011 陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, B we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that 3，【2013 山东】Finally he reached a lonely island C was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom 二，关系词只能有that 的情况（关系副词不受以下规则影响） 考点一：先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything 等不定代词时 1，He never reads anything is not worth reading. A. which B. as C. who D. that 2【，2010 全国2】I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone else ’s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 考点二：先行词是all, much ，l ittle, none 或先行词被all, much, little, no, any 修饰时 3，【2014 陕西】Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position. A. that B. which C. as D. what 4，You can take any seat is free. A. that B. / C. which D. it 考点三：先行词被序数词的最高级以及the first, the last, the very, the only, the same 修饰时5，The most important thing D we should pay attention to is the first thing I have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that 6，It’s the third time C late this month.
定语从句关系词选择方法 彭玉翠 选题背景： 定语从句为高中教学中的一个重点，也是学生在语法填空或改错题中容易遇到的一个难点。在老师讲解完定从后，学生对关系词的选择似懂非懂，特别是中下等程度的学生。为此，今天特意挑选定语从句中关系词的选择方法为我上课的主要内容，希望有助于学生选择定从中正确的关系词。 教学目标 1. Knowledge aim: review the attributive clause 2.2. Ability aim:To develop the skills to choose correct relative words in the attributive clause 3.3. Emotional aim: let students realize the importance of relative words in the attributive clause 教学重难点 (1) Teaching important point 4.Help Ss to understand realize the importance of relative words in the attributive clause (2) Teaching difficult point 5.How to teach Ss’ to choose correct relative words in the attributive clause 教学过程： Step1:Revision :定语从句是在复合句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫________。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词（_____ _____ _________ ______ _____等）
介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句 介词加关系代词引导的定语从句要注意以下几点： 1．“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which（指物）和whom （指人），即：介词+which/whom。不能用that 和who。 .This is the teacher from whom we’ve learned a lot. 这就是从他那里我们学了很多东西的老师。 Great changes have taken place in the city in which we live. 我们所居住的城市发生了巨大的变化。 2．有时介词也可放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可用which/that(指物)，who/whom/that （指人），也可以省略。 . The situation (which/that ) we had got into was very dangerous. 我们当时的处境很危险。 The man (whom/who/that) you were talking to just now is my English teacher. 你刚刚和他谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。 3．当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配，不可分割时，那么动词短语中的介词不能前置。 .This is the pen which I’m looking for. 这是我正在找的那支钢笔。 不能写成：This is the pen for which I’m looking. 4．定语从句也可由“名词/代词/数词+介词+which/whom”引出。 . That old man has two sons, one of whom is a doctor. 那个老人有两个儿子，其中一个是医生。 The house, the windows of which ( = whose windows = of which the windows) were damaged, has now been repaired. 窗子遭破坏的那栋房子现在已经修好了。 5．引导定语从句的关系副词(when, where, why) 可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。 .I’ll never forget the day when I joined the party. (when= on which).我永远都不会忘记入党的日子。 The factory where my father works is in the east of the city. (where = in which). 父亲工作的那家工厂在城东。
如何选择定语从句的引导词 *限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。 who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that 既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。 *非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。 一、定语从句的引导词有关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that，as；关系副词when，where，why。定语从句中引导词的选用主要看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分或者是定语从句中缺什么成分。 1．定语从句中缺主语，修饰人时用who ／that，修饰物时用which ／that引导。如： Is this the factory which ／that makes TV sets？ The man who ／that visited our school is from Australia． 2．从句中缺宾语，修饰人时用who ／whom ／that或省略引导词；修饰物时用which ／that或省略引导词。如： Gone are the days which ／that we spent together in the village． He is the man who ／whom ／that I think to be worthy of our praise． 3．从句中缺时间状语，用when或介词＋which引导。如： The day finally came when ／on which I was given a job． We'll put off the outing until next week，when we won't be so busy． 4．从句中缺地点状语，用where或介词＋which引导。如： Please put the letter on the desk where ／on which he can easily find it． 5．从句中缺原因状语或先行词是reason时，引导词用why ／for which ／that。如：This is the reason why ／for which ／that he didn't come to the meeting．
关系副词的意思相当于“介词 +which结构”，在定语从句中做状语的成分。 拆分法分析几个句子，如下： 1.He will always remember the day when/on which his father returned from America. 他将永远记得父亲从美国返回的那一天 拆分后： He will always remember the day. His father returned from America on the day.. 2.This was the time when/at
which she left for Beijing. 这就是她动身去北京的时间。 拆分后 This was the time. She left for beijing at the time. 3.I don't know the reason why/for which he didn't come to the meeting yesterday morning. 我不知道他为什么没有参加昨天上午的会议。 I don't know the reason. He didn't come to the meeting yesterday morning for the reason. 重要提示：在when、where、why 关系副词引导的英语定语从句中，只
会出现when、where、why或on which、at which、for which等等，绝对不会出现on when、at where、for why 这种情况，因为关系副词引导的定语从句只能起状语作用，既不能做动词的宾语，也不能做介词的宾语。 选出正确的定语从句 1、 A.The man is said to come from a town where nobody knew. B.The man is said to come from a town which nobody knew. 2、 A.That is the age in when people live in peace and happiness.
如何辨别定语从句的关系词 塘桥中学包小波 同学们，你们知道以下这些谚语吗？ It’s the first step that costs. 万事开头难。 Not all that glitters is gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。 He who would climb that ladder must begin at the bottom. 千里之行，始于足下。 A good book is a best friend who never turns back upon us. 好书如挚友，情谊永不变。 在这些句子中，你发现什么共同点了吗？对了，这些句子都运用了定语从句。定语从句在复合句中的作用相当于形容词，在句中作定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。斜体加粗的单词都被称为关系词，也叫引导词。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词，就是上述谚语中有下划线的单词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 要想掌握定语从句，就必须了解引导定语从句的关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which和as，关系副词有when，where和why，他们在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时在意义上代表先行词，并在定语从句中担任某个成分。 我们要辨别定语从句中不同的关系词，必须掌握以下的方法。 一、关系代词的用法 1．普通代词与关系代词的区别 例如： I have a brother. He likes playing the piano.（合并为一句） I have a brother who/that likes playing the piano. 简单句中的普通代词he起了指代前一句中brother的作用，并且是本句的主语，两个句子都是独立的。而两句合并后，句中的关系代词who/that除了代替先行词brother之外，它还在定语从句中担任了一定的成分，同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 2．who指人,做主语。 例如：The person who is in blue will go to the concert with me tomorrow. 本句中的who充当从句中的主语, 划线部分是从句。当who作为定语从句的关系代词在句中充当主语或宾语时，都可以用that来替代。 3．who/whom指人,做宾语。 例如：The man who/whom I look after is my father. 在例句中，who/whom做从句中介词with的宾语，这个句子也可以写成The man with whom I talked is our teacher. 如果从句中介词提前，那么就不能用who或that，只能用whom引导从句了。这
定语从句关系词选择三部曲
1）、首划先行词，确定人或物 2）、分析定语从句部分是否缺成分（主谓宾定状补） 缺成分------关系代词 不缺成分-----关系副词 3）、根据分析，选择恰当连词 针对习题库 1.The English-Chinese dictionary ____ my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value. A.whose B.when C.who D.that 2. Friends are those ____make you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed. A.which B.what C.whom D.who 3. I don’t like stories _____have unhappy endings. A.who B.that C.where D.those 4. The blouse _____ made of silk is exoensive. I can’t afford it. A.that B.what C.because D.though 5. The young lady _____we met yesterday is our new maths teacher. A.what B.whose C.whom D.which 6. Do you know the girl ______father owns a company? A.who B.which C.that D.whose 7. My necklace is not the only thing ______ is missing. A.that B./ C.which D.who 8.---Who is the woman ______ is talking to our English teacher? ---Oh! it's Mrs. Baker, oue A merican friend. A.he B.that C.whom D.which 9. The first thing ______ we should do is to protect the wild animal. A.that B.which C.what D.how 10. There is nothing _____Ｉwant to say. A.which B.what C.whatever D.that 11. Children like houses _____are painted in different colours. A.which B.they C.those D.what 12. Please pass me the cartoon book _____ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover. A.whom B.whose C.which D.who 13. The room _____ door faces the south is mine. A.who B.whose C.which D.whom 14. This is the house _____ we lived for ten years. A.that B.which C.where D.when 15. I’ll never forget the day ______my daughter was born. A.which B.when C.who D.where 16. I know the reason ______ he came late. A.which B.what C.because D.why 17. The town _____ we visited a few years ago is much larger than before.
引导定语从句的关系代词who,which有时可与that互换使用。但在下面情况，一般只用that。 一、当先行词为不定代词anything, everything, nothing, any, little, one, few, much, all, none 等时。如：a.There isn't much that I can do. b.He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes. 二、当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。如：a.The book is the best that I have read. b.This is the biggest laboratory that we have ever built in our university. 三、当先行词是序数词或其被序数词修饰时。如：a. It is the third one that I've bought. b.This is the first place that I've ever visited. 四、当先行词被the very, the only等词修饰时。如：a.Is this the very museum that you visited the other day? b.This is the only book that I need at present. 五、当先行词包含了人和事物两方面的含义时。如：They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 六、当先行词被same修饰，且指“同一物品”时。如：She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday. 七、关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如：a.This is no longer the place that it used to be. b.He is not the man that he was. 八、当主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时。如： a.Which is the book that he bought yesterday? b.Who that you have ever seen can beat him in 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名次性成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。 一、限定性定语从句 1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在 从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which 在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 6. when引导定语从句表示时间（〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导） By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
U n i t 1《s c h o o l l i f e 》 Grammar （1） 定语从句(AttributiveClause) Ⅰ根据初中所学知识，请用红笔标出下列表格中的定语 定语从句是又称形容词性从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可 修饰一个句子.受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似，有时可以相互转换，例如：金发女孩可译作ablondegirl ，agirlwithblondehair 或 agirlwhohasblondehair 。定语从句通常由关系代词that/which/who/whom/which/as 或关系副词when/where/why 引导，这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词,又充当从句中的某个句子成分。定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句， 根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。 找出下列句中的定语从句；分析定语从句三要素 1. Youaretherightmanwhomwearelookingfor. 2. I’vespentallthemoneythatwasgivenbymyparents. 3. Iwillneverforgettheday whenIjoinedtheparty. 4. Thisisthefactorywherethemachinesaremade. 1 2关系词 3 relativepron.(assub.,obj.,pred.) (that 指人或物/which 指物/who(m)指人/whose) relativeadv.(asadverbial) (when/where/why) Ⅲ定语从句的必备三要素